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We study the local spectral rigidity of the synchronization (sync) manifold induced by the Justh-Krishnaprasad models under emergent dynamics. For each point on the sync manifold, all perturbative eigensets whose existence is guaranteed by the implicit function theorem remain to be confined within the manifold. More precisely, for a finite-particle system, we establish that under mono-cluster flocking dynamics, the sync manifold retains its local spectral rigidity. Furthermore, for an infinite system, we also show that the sync manifold retains its local spectral rigidity, when a mono-cluster flocking emerges with a central particle. In particular, we provide a sufficient framework to guarantee the mono-cluster flocking with a central particle. Our results imply that in mono-cluster regimes, the alternative solution branches of the nonlinear Laplacian spectral problem will not occur in the neighborhood of the sync manifold except at the origin in both finite and infinite systems.

Parent-child behavioral synchrony-the dyad's moment-to-moment coordination of behavior and emotion-supports children's socioemotional development, yet most evidence comes from cross-sectional community samples using global indices, limiting clinical insight for heterogeneous conduct problems (CP). This prospective study tested baseline differences and treatment-related change in discrete synchrony facets among clinic-referred children with CP, comparing CP-only, primary callous-unemotional (CU; CU without internalizing problems), and secondary CU (CU with internalizing problems) variants. Mother-child and father-child dyads of N = 234 children aged 2-7 years (74% boys) completed standardized play tasks that were coded into four Mutually Responsive Orientation dimensions (Coordinated Routines, Mutual Cooperation, Harmonious Communication, Emotional Ambience); parents completed questionnaires assessing child CP, CU traits, and internalizing symptoms. A subsample (n = 142) received parent training and was re-assessed post-treatment and at three-month follow-up. At baseline, mother-child Harmonious Communication and Emotional Ambience were significantly lower in secondary CU than in primary CU and CP-only groups. Parent training significantly improved synchrony across dyads from baseline to post-treatment, with maintenance for mothers. However, despite overall gains, synchrony remained lower for secondary CU than primary CU variants at follow-up (mothers), and father-child Harmonious Communication deteriorated from post-treatment to follow-up in secondary CU relative to improvement in primary CU. Findings indicate variant-specific synchrony deficits, especially affective facets, in secondary CU and attenuated normalization following parent training, refining etiological accounts and highlighting the need to tailor synchrony-focused treatment targets for CP subgroups.

Introduction: This study evaluated the performance of Simplera Sync™ and Instinct™ sensors when paired with the MiniMed™ 780G (MM780G) system and assessed whether switching between sensors affected clinical outcomes of people with type 1 diabetes (PwT1D).Methods: A single-center, two-arm, randomized crossover study in adult PwT1D started with either the Simplera Sync sensor or Instinct sensor for a 6-week period, followed by crossover to the alternate sensor for an additional 6 weeks. The primary end point was noninferiority in time in range (TIR; 70-180 mg/dL), with a noninferiority margin of 7.5%. Secondary end points included HbA1c and other continuous glucose monitoring-derived metrics.Results:Twenty-five participants were assessed for eligibility, 24 were randomized, and 23 completed the study. TIR was 80.6 (9.8)% during the Simplera Sync sensor period and 79.1 (9.5)% during the Instinct sensor period. The mean difference was 1.5% (95% confidence interval: 0.18-2.79), and the noninferiority criteria were met. HbA1c at the end of the Simplera Sync and Instinct sensor periods was 6.8 (0.7)% and 6.7 (0.7)%, respectively. No serious adverse events related to sensor use were reported.Conclusion: This randomized controlled crossover trial demonstrates that both Simplera Sync and Instinct sensors meet international consensus targets for glycemic control when used with the MM780G system, and that the sensors can be interchanged without meaningful differences in glycemic control. This study supports the concept that the automated insulin delivery algorithm, rather than the sensor, is the primary determinant of clinical outcomes in MM780G users.

Engaging in rhythmic synchronized activities such as dancing or coordinated exercises is a powerful driver of social connection, as interpersonal entrainment promotes feelings of closeness, empathy, and cooperation. However, in media-based settings such as Social Virtual Reality (SVR), maintaining synchrony is technically challenging. Even modest latency can disrupt the temporal coordination needed for shared rhythm, thereby diminishing social presence, user engagement and the quality of interaction. Our work explores whether synchrony-reinforcing feedback can mitigate latency effects in a dyadic VR rowing task. Participants received real-time visual, audio, or audio-visual feedback: visual feedback was provided through particle effects, and audio feedback through music, both of which intensified with stronger synchronization and diminished as it weakened. Latency was systematically varied. Our findings show that latency, especially higher delays, significantly disrupts coordination and a sense of togetherness. Participants often misattribute these disruptions to personal or interpersonal factors. Audio-visual feedback reduces these effects, supporting smoother interaction and masking symptoms of latency. The task load remains stable across latency levels, but decreases when clear, multimodal feedback is provided. Notably, while closeness remains robust, togetherness deteriorates in the absence of timely, multimodal cues. Our results suggest that latency effects can be partially addressed through perceptual design. Providing multimodal feedback is a key strategy for maintaining synchrony, reducing cognitive effort, and sustaining meaningful social interaction in latency-prone environments.

Quantum computing provides alternative encoding and sampling paradigms for protein structure prediction (PSP), but existing quantum-PSP methods are often limited by resource-scaling issues and by discrete or inefficient encodings for continuous coordinates. To address these limitations, we propose QSyncFold, a hybrid quantum-classical neural network framework that combines quantum superposition with differentiable learning. QSyncFold employs ProtaQode to simultaneously achieve reversible continuous-space encoding of residue coordinates and parameterized interaction modeling. This is realized by encoding residue-pair interactions in superposition via a decomposable Any-State RY (ASRY) operator that is efficient for a limited qubit budget. Algorithmically, QSyncFold trades register size for iteration count, reducing the qubit requirement for each iteration from $O(N)$ to $3+\lceil \log _{2} N \rceil $, where $N$ is the number of residues. This design ensures the framework is experimentally viable under NISQ constraints. On short peptide structure prediction, QSyncFold achieved a 5.25-fold improvement in the lDDT metric compared with the Variational Quantum Eigensolver baseline and demonstrated a clear trade-off between qubit budget and convergence speed. While using quantum baselines as the primary comparison, the method performance approaches AlphaFold2 in the short peptide domain, with classical methods serving as background reference. This study advances the precision and methodology of quantum computing in PSP, illustrating a viable pathway for quantum algorithms in biomolecular modeling.

This study investigates how interpersonal synchrony (IPS) in full-body interactive Mixed Reality (MR) environments can shape children's prosocial behavior. We introduce DragonIce 2.0, a two-part MR game designed to induce synchronous or asynchronous group activity and assess their impact on prosocial behavior. To examine changes in affiliation (team belonging and peer liking) and collaboration (overt joint actions), we conducted a comparative study with children aged 9-10, using both system logs and self-report measures. The results highlight the importance of context, task structure, and perceived coordination in shaping social outcomes, offering insights into how interaction dynamics shape social engagement in immersive settings. This work contributes a novel approach for studying prosociality in ecologically valid, technology-mediated settings by combining playful, immersive interaction with controlled manipulation of group synchrony. Our findings inform the design of inclusive MR experiences that support social connection, collaboration, and group engagement among children.

Varying rhythmic contexts impose distinct cognitive and sensorimotor demands. This study investigated the effects of social scaffolding on children's sensorimotor synchronization (SMS) across different contexts and examined the association between SMS and executive function (EF). A total of 140 children aged 4-5 years participated in tapping tasks using a developmentally appropriate sensor-embedded drum platform. The results indicated that tapping synchronization at 150 bpm, children's typical spontaneous motor tempo (SMT), improved significantly in the presence of a tapping partner, whereas other conditions showed no such effect. Notably, beat synchronization at 50 bpm, a slow tempo outside their SMT, showed a tentative but specific association with EF, particularly inhibitory control and overall executive function, but only in the solo condition. Findings suggest that social scaffolding benefits are most evident in tasks aligned with children's SMT, whereas tasks with different temporal structures and cognitive demands appear to selectively engage top-down processing during early childhood.

Our hands rarely lie still while we talk. Some hand movements, like washing dishes or other household tasks, are often unrelated to what we express in speech. Other hand movements, known as gestures, are deeply integrated with verbal communication. Past research with adults has found strong temporal synchrony between speech and gesture, particularly as compared to speech and action. This evidence supports the claim that speech and gesture emerge from a single integrated system and suggests that gestures hold a unique status in communication compared to other kinds of hand movements. However, the developmental unfolding of this tight temporal integration is unknown. In this cross-sectional study, we directly measure the speech-gesture production system in childhood. In a within-subjects design, adults (N = 35; Mage = 19.94 years; range = 18-25 years) and children (N = 68; Mage = 8.38 years; range = 5-12 years) were asked to verbally describe how they use household objects while producing either gestures or communicative actions. Speech onset, action onset, and gesture onset were coded to determine the difference in onset between speech and movement (action or gesture). Results indicate that speech and gesture were produced in closer temporal synchrony than speech and action across all ages tested, showing remarkable stability in speech-gesture temporal relations over development. This lack of any notable developmental change in temporal synchrony between speech and gesture is consistent with the theory that speech and gesture emerged phylogenetically as an integrated cognitive system.

Synchronization has been studied across vastly different spatiotemporal scales in physical, biological, and social systems. Research into the mechanisms that give rise to temporal order, however, has been, by and large, mostly theoretical. Here, we seek to advance the fiddler crab as a model organism for collective synchronization. To attract mates, males of many fiddler crab species wave their claws in sync. These crabs are found in many places around the world, so they are generally accessible and observable. Translating observation (e.g., from recorded video) into actionable data, however, remains a challenge. We provide an easy-to-use and open source tracking algorithm that detects claw wave activity in video recordings and preserves IDs over time. We demonstrate the robustness of the algorithm by running it on videos displaying different species from different locations. We discuss possible future directions (both in the lab and the field) and call for renewed interest in these unique animals.

Gastrointestinal nutrient signals, arriving minutes after eating, powerfully reinforce food intake. How the brain links these delayed interoceptive signals to immediate sensory cues remains unclear. We show that ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons resolve this credit-assignment problem by entering a distinct network state characterized by synchronized ∼0.8 Hz bursting, extending the integration window for learning across the gut-brain axis. Using two-photon imaging, Neuropixels recordings, and in vivo dopamine sensors in behaving mice, we identify this "sync state" emerging tens of seconds after ingestion begins, when orosensation overlaps with post-ingestive nutrient signals. This activity cannot be explained by reward prediction error or motor signals but predicts learning-dependent enhancement of future cue-evoked consumption vigor. Silencing dopamine neurons during oral-gastric overlap blocks nutrient learning without affecting intake, while optogenetic stimulation mimicking synchrony is sufficient to drive learning without nutrients. These findings reveal a novel dopaminergic mechanism for interoceptive credit assignment.

Right ventricular pacing increases the risk of dyssynchrony, which raises the need for more physiological pacing strategies. Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has emerged, with most early studies utilizing lumen-less pacing leads. The feasibility and safety of LBBAP using conventional stylet-driven pacing lead (SDL) have been reported. We present prospective multicenter data, particularly in Asian clinical settings. The ACHIEVE-SYNC pilot study was a multicenter prospective observational cohort study conducted across several tertiary hospitals in South Korea. Patients with standard indications for pacemaker implantation underwent LBBAP using a 5.6Fr SDL with an extendable screw. Procedural success rate and LBBAP-related complications were evaluated. Pacing parameters, electrocardiographic features, and echocardiographic outcomes were assessed up to 12 months after implantation. LBBAP using SDL was successful in 100 of 101 (99.0%) patients. LBBAP lead-related adverse event occurred in 1 case (0.99%), which was lead dislodgement. The median pacing threshold at 12-month follow-up was 0.8 [0.7-1.0] V at 0.5 ms. At 12-month follow-up, the mean QRS duration changed from 119.2 ± 28.6 ms to 131.2 ± 23.8 ms. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 61.3% ± 8.5% before the procedure and 61.3% ± 7.5% at 12-month follow-up. In this prospective multicenter registry, LBBAP using SDL demonstrated a near-complete procedural success rate and a high incidence of confirmed Left bundle branch capture. Lead performance remained stable during long-term follow-up, and adverse events were rare, supporting the safety and technical feasibility of this approach in routine clinical practice.

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) confronts cisgender women with menopause before the age of 40, placing them outside normative temporal expectations of the female life course. While its biomedical and psychosocial dimensions are well documented, less attention has been paid to how POI is shaped by age- and gender-based assumptions embedded in healthcare systems. This qualitative study employed a constructivist grounded theory approach (Charmaz), based on narrative interviews with eight women who entered menopause between the ages of 23 and 38, to examine how embodied experiences, social norms, and healthcare encounters -informed by feminist phenomenology-intersect in shaping interpretations of POI. POI emerges as a profound temporal dislocation, with participants describing their bodies as ageing "out of sync" with their chronological age and social environment. This desynchronization disrupts biographical expectations and, in some accounts, crystallize into internalized ageism. Biomedical frameworks offer limited interpretive resources beyond deficit-oriented understandings, while healthcare encounters are frequently marked by misrecognition and epistemic injustice, as POI falls outside age-normative clinical expectations. The article suggests that POI can be read as a site of age- and gender-based misrecognition, in which ageism manifests less through overt discrimination than through internalization and structural invisibility. Addressing these inequalities requires more inclusive clinical frameworks, improved psychosocial support, and greater recognition of diverse temporalities of ageing across the life course.

Consciousness is often treated as a property of the brain alone, yet accumulating evidence suggests that it is shaped by a recurrent dialogue between the brain and body. In this review, we discuss how cognition associated with consciousness-processes that define the observer, their observations, and arising qualia-depend on structured rhythmic correspondences between bodily rhythms and brain signals. We first review how cardiac, respiratory, and gastric rhythms modulate neuroelectric and neurovascular fluctuations in support of interoception-perception of the bodily state-and functionally related faculties such as emotion and selfhood, which draw upon interoceptive representations. We then discuss how clinical and subclinical conditions are associated with dysrhythmia in underlying bodily rhythms and atypical increases or decreases in a bodily rhythm's modulation of brain processes. Across bodily systems, an emergent pattern suggests both an optimal window of brain-body synchrony, beyond which adverse effects are likely to occur, and that non-clinical, stress-related increases in brain-body synchrony may promote the utility of bodily rhythms for coordinating disparate entrained cognitive systems to facilitate functions such as multisensory integration. We conclude that these converging lines of research support a categorical difference between an embodied agent and the proverbial brain-in-a-vat because disturbing bodily rhythms or their coupling to the brain alters phenomenological experience-at times to such a degree as to warrant labeling the resulting states as meeting clinical criteria.

Wake-up stroke (WUS), an ischemic stroke occurring during sleep, accounts for 15-25% of acute ischemic strokes (AIS) cases and poses unique therapeutic challenges due to an unknown onset time. Circadian rhythms, regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), influence various cardiovascular and metabolic processes, and disruptions of these rhythms have been implicated in stroke pathogenesis. This study explored whether WUS patients exhibit distinct circadian abnormalities compared with non-WUS patients, focusing on markers such as melatonin, cortisol, circadian clock gene expression, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR). This exploratory, cross-sectional study included 28 participants (WUS: 8; non-WUS; 9, controls: 11). Blood samples were collected every 6 h over 24-h period, with melatonin and cortisol levels assessed via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and chemiluminescence, respectively. Circadian gene expression (CLOCK, CRY1, CRY2, PER1, PER2, and BMAL1) was analyzed using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Blood pressure and HR were recorded at 2-h intervals, and circadian rhythmicity was determined using MetaCycle analysis. The results revealed significant circadian rhythms in melatonin and cortisol in the non-WUS and control groups, with WUS patients showing a complete loss of melatonin rhythm and a 3-h phase delay in cortisol. Blood pressure and HR circadian variations were absent in both stroke groups, and none of the 6 clock genes exhibited rhythmicity in either the WUS or non-WUS group. This study highlights the potential role of disrupted circadian rhythms in WUS pathogenesis, providing insights into targeted interventions such as light therapy. Future studies with larger cohorts are essential to confirm these findings and assess their clinical implications for stroke prevention and recovery.

Quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) are specialized plant metabolites with antiherbivore defense functions and pharmaceutical applications. They occur frequently across the Fabaceae Genistoid clade especially in the tribe Genisteae. Previous literature that explored QA distribution utilized a limited number of taxa. This study provides the most taxonomically comprehensive survey of QAs in Genisteae to examine their evolution across a highly resolved phylogenomic tree of the tribe. Chemical compounds were extracted from fresh or herbarium tissue for 41 taxa, including one species each from 24 of the 25 Genisteae genera. Expanded species sampling was performed in the Lupinus and Teline/Genista clades. Resulting liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) data enabled detailed analyses of QA presence/absence, chemical similarity, potential grouping factors, and phylogenetic signal. Quinolizidine alkaloids were found in all Genisteae clades and in every taxon sampled, underscoring their widespread occurrence. The QA distribution in Genisteae indicated very little pattern with regard to clade, sample origin, New/Old World Lupinus species, or species historically classified as Teline. All alkaloids considered together showed weak chemical grouping regarding clade and tissue type between herbarium and fresh samples. Neither QAs nor alkaloids in general displayed phylogenetic signal. This study afforded a more complete view of QAs in Genisteae, revealing that QA chemical diversity does not track the phylogeny with respect to compound types. The analyses supported this result in terms of grouping factors and chemical similarity, although there is a significant effect of tissue type at the alkaloid level.

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Aggressive driving is a known risk to road safety and can arise when friction occurs between how drivers perceive and respond to different road behaviors. The Normative Conflict Model (NCM) suggests group identity and normative conflict influences whether group members obey/challenge expected behaviors. NCM outcomes (represented by high or low group identity and normative conflict, respectively) may be beneficial for explaining driver behavior (group members) on the road network, and whether expected behaviors (e.g., following road rules) are obeyed/challenged. The relationships between NCM outcomes and driving behaviors (aggressive and positive driving), as well as individual (antisocial traits) and environmental (perceived traffic climate) factors were explored in a survey (n = 391). MANOVAs revealed drivers with low normative conflict and high group identity more frequently engaged in positive driving, less frequently in aggressive driving, and scored higher on perceived functionality of their traffic climate compared to other NCM outcomes. Drivers with high normative conflict and high group identity more frequently engaged in aggressive driving, scored higher on antisocial traits (only Machiavellianism and narcissism) and perceived external affective demands of their traffic climate compared to other NCM outcomes. Correlations identified group identity had positive relationships with positive driving but negative relationships with antisocial traits, negative perceptions of traffic climate, and aggressive driving. Normative conflict had inverse relationships with these variables. The SEM indicated antisocial traits and perceived traffic climate indirectly predicted driving behaviors via the effects they had on norm-identity alignment. The NCM provided understanding into driving behavior, including insights into why drivers may follow and/or deviate from road rules and the potential contribution of individual and environmental influences on NCM constructs. Positive driving could be promoted by reducing normative conflict through the transparent communication of road rule rationales or by encouraging positive social norms.