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The digitization of gambling has led to the proliferation of gambling-like products in areas such as video games and financial investment platforms. Although these practices share structural mechanisms and risk profiles with gambling, evidence on their relationship with associated harm and their joint role in predicting gambling severity remains limited. This study examined the association between recent participation (within the last 60 days) in these activities, along with traditional forms of gambling, and gambling severity (PGSI) and related harm (SGHS). The sample is derived from a randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06681103), from which only the pre-intervention baseline assessment data were utilized. A total of 1,889 young people aged 18-34 living in Spain were recruited, of whom 53.9% (n=1,018) had recently participated in gambling or similar activities, forming the sample analyzed. Both indicators were modelled using hierarchical ordinal regression, with adjustments made for overall involvement (frequency and number of activities) and sociodemographic factors. The associations with severity remained after all adjustments, with adjusted ORs (aORs) between 1.9 and 3.6 (p<0.01), with video game betting and commodity trading standing out, with magnitudes similar to those observed for slot machines, casinos, and sports betting. In the SGHS, only eSports betting and commodity trading (aOR=2.23, p<0.05) retained their association with a higher number of harms after sociodemographic adjustment, while lotteries showed inverse associations with both indicators (aOR=0.58 in PGSI, and aOR=0.56 in SGHS, p<0.05). The results emphasize the importance of incorporating these new forms of digital spending into the detection and prevention of gambling harm among young adults. La digitalizaci&#xf3;n del juego ha favorecido la expansi&#xf3;n de productos an&#xe1;logos al juego de azar en espacios como los videojuegos y las plataformas de inversi&#xf3;n financiera. Aunque estas pr&#xe1;cticas comparten mecanismos estructurales y perfiles de riesgo con el juego de azar, la evidencia sobre su relaci&#xf3;n con el da&#xf1;o asociado y su papel conjunto en la predicci&#xf3;n de la gravedad del juego sigue siendo limitada. Este estudio analiz&#xf3; si la participaci&#xf3;n reciente (&#xfa;ltimos 60 d&#xed;as) en estas actividades, junto con las formas tradicionales de juego, se asocia con la gravedad del juego (PGSI) y el da&#xf1;o relacionado (SGHS). La muestra procede de un ensayo controlado aleatorizado (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06681103), del que se emplearon &#xfa;nicamente los datos de la evaluaci&#xf3;n inicial previos a la intervenci&#xf3;n. Se reclutaron 1.889 j&#xf3;venes de 18&#x2013;34 a&#xf1;os residentes en Espa&#xf1;a, de los cuales el 53,9 % (n=1.018) hab&#xed;a participado recientemente en actividades de juego o an&#xe1;logas, conformando la muestra analizada. Ambos indicadores se modelaron mediante regresi&#xf3;n ordinal jer&#xe1;rquica ajustada por implicaci&#xf3;n global (frecuencia y n&#xfa;mero de actividades) y sociodemogr&#xe1;ficas. Las asociaciones con la gravedad se mantuvieron tras todos los ajustes, con OR ajustadas (ORa) entre 1,9 y 3,6 (p<0,01), destacando las apuestas en videojuegos y el trading de materias primas, con magnitudes similares a las observadas para m&#xe1;quinas tragaperras, casino y apuestas deportivas. En el SGHS, solo las apuestas en eSports y el trading de materias primas (ORa=2,23, p<0,05) conservaron su asociaci&#xf3;n con un mayor n&#xfa;mero de da&#xf1;os tras el ajuste sociodemogr&#xe1;fico, mientras que las loter&#xed;as mostraron asociaciones inversas con ambos indicadores (ORa=0,58 en PGSI, y ORa=0,56 en SGHS, p<0,05). Los resultados subrayan la necesidad de incorporar estas nuevas formas de gasto digital en la detecci&#xf3;n y prevenci&#xf3;n del da&#xf1;o asociado al juego entre j&#xf3;venes adultos.

To describe the epidemiology of injuries and illnesses at the Paris 2024 Paralympic Games. Injuries and illnesses were recorded daily via a web-based injury and illness surveillance system and local organising committee medical facilities. Adjusted incidences (injuries/illnesses per 1000 athlete days; 95% CIs), injury prevalence (IP; %) and injury burden (days lost per 1000 athlete days; 95% CIs) are reported. In total, 4450 athletes (1978 female; 2472 male) from 163 National Paralympic Committees were monitored prospectively during the 14-day Games period (62300 athlete days). A total of 535 injuries (IP=10.9%) were reported in 485 athletes, with an incidence of 8.6 (7.9-9.4). Taekwondo (27.3 (20.7-35.8)), football 5-a-side (22.3 (14.4-37.7)) and sitting volleyball (19.9 (14.8-26.7)) showed higher incidences of injury compared to other sports (p<0.001). Injury burden was 8.5 (6.5-11.1) and 19.1% of injuries resulting in time loss from training/competition. The highest burden was observed in taekwondo (64.3 (35.9-115.2)) and football 5-a-side (23.4 (6.2-88.3)). A total of 520 illnesses were reported in 467 athletes (IP=10.5%), with an incidence of 8.3 (7.6-9.1). Illness incidence for female athletes (10.6 (9.4-11.9)) was higher than recorded for male athletes (6.6 (5.7-7.5)); p<0.001 and higher in triathlon (18.2 (12.6-26.7)) compared to other sports (p<0.05). The incidence and burden of injury in taekwondo and football 5-a-side were significantly higher compared with other sports at the Paris 2024 Paralympic Games. The highest incidence of illness was observed in triathlon and female athletes had a higher illness incidence than male athletes.

As young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) age, they experience greater risk of developing chronic health conditions and social isolation. Was to understand the extent that physical activity (PA) was successful at improving the physical, mental and social health and well-being of young adults (19-30&#xa0;years of age) with IDDs. The Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis was used as a guide. A convergent integrated approach to data analysis was used, which involved simultaneous coding of qualitative and quantitative evidence. All data were coded into sub-themes which were organized according to the Biopsychosocial Model of Health. Twenty articles (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;20) were included in the review (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;17 quantitative, n&#xa0;=&#xa0;3 qualitative). PA interventions were reported with a myriad of benefits. Biological sub-themes included improved aerobic fitness, functional fitness, and indicators of body composition. Psychological sub-themes included personal development, self-efficacy, and emotional well-being. Social sub-themes included developing social relationships, community and inclusion. Quality of life included positive affect. PA can reduce the risk of developing chronic health conditions while improving self-efficacy, social skills and adaptive behaviours and providing opportunities to exercise autonomy. Sports and combined games/activities were more commonly reported to improve social skills, and help develop teamwork, whereas less structured PAs were more commonly reported to improve independent decision making. PA resulted in improved quality of life for people with IDDs. We recommend PAs for adults with IDDs, appreciating the broad spectrum of PAs this includes and the variety of potential health benefits.

Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) encompasses the set of clinical alterations characterised by a loss of muscular control or an incoordination in the activity of the muscles that make up this region. In the female population, the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) is between 24% and 45%, making it the most common PFD. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) occurs when there is an increase in intra- abdominal pressure, such as when coughing, sneezing or lifting heavy objects, causing involuntary urine leakage. It is common for elite gymnasts to experience an increase in intra-abdominal pressure, exacerbating the onset of SUI. 25-year-old patient who started practising rhythmic gymnastics at the age of 9. In the anamnesis, the patient reported that for about 8 years she had been experiencing SUI during training and competitions. The patient refers that factors such as fatigue or stressful situations influence her presentation. The main objective of this clinical case is the improvement of UI symptomatology during sports practice, through the use of the proprioceptive trunk. The physiotherapy intervention was carried out over six weeks with a frequency of three sessions per week and was structured under an active, guided treatment approach. The sessions lasted approximately 30 minutes. In the first phase of the intervention the aim was to improve the patient's proprioception and pelvic floor activation; in the second phase, the aim was to strengthen the core musculature and the scapulohumeral region, while ensuring the maintenance of proper body posture; finally, the final phase consisted of the application of the intervention to functionality within the sporting context. In this patient with SUI, an improvement has been observed in the symptomatology that she presented at the beginning of the intervention, achieving significant advances both at an objective level, with the self-reported questionnaires and the voiding diary, and at a subjective level in her sensations when practising sport.

ObjectivesUsing 2017-2022 Midlife in the United States Biomarker Project data, this study explores the contribution of head injuries to the gender gap in depression and anxiety symptoms.MethodsLinear regression models were used to estimate generation-specific gender differences symptoms. The contribution of head injuries to these differences was explored. In addition, sources of potential confounding were examined.ResultsAmong women, a lifetime head injury is associated with a large increase in symptoms, and within Generation X the association is stronger. There is no association among men. Almost a third of Generation X women report a serious lifetime head injury. The contributions of accidents and sports injuries have increased between cohorts. The association between head injuries and symptoms is robust to numerous potential confounders, including other bodily injuries and trait anxiety.ConclusionHead injuries contribute to the gender gap in depression and especially anxiety.

Cardiovascular endurance, as measured by maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), is an important indicator of overall physical fitness and cardiovascular health. While VO&#x2082;max reference values exist for Western and Indian populations, Sri Lanka lacks specific data, which may lead to inaccuracies in assessing and interpreting cardiovascular fitness among young adults in the country. This study aimed to establish reference values for VO2max among young adults in Sri Lanka and to compare these values with the standards of Western, Indian and American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 685 healthy undergraduates aged 20-25 years from various faculties of the University of Peradeniya. VO2max was assessed using the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) 3-minute step test. The collected data were analysed with IBM SPSS Statistics V.22 to determine VO2max percentiles and to identify significant differences between Sri Lankan, Western, Indian and ACSM reference standards. The study found mean&#xb1;SD (SD) VO2max of 45.05&#xb1;3.13&#x2009;mL/kg/min for males and 36.02&#xb1;2.49&#x2009;mL/kg/min for females. Sri Lankan VO2max values were generally comparable to Indian standards but significantly lower than Western values (p<0.05). Percentile analysis further classified VO2max values for males and females, establishing performance ranging from 'very poor' to 'superior' according to the ACSM guidelines. This study provides reference values for VO2max in Sri Lankan young adults, supporting more accurate cardiovascular fitness assessments in clinical and fitness settings. These findings reveal significant differences in aerobic capacity across Sri Lankan and Western populations, as well as similarities between Sri Lankan and Indian populations. This study should be further improved to represent the entire population across all age groups in Sri Lanka, thereby enabling the development of more accurate, separate reference standards.

Competitive aerobic gymnastics is a high-pressure, judged aesthetic sport that requires sustained training and stable psychological resources. While motivation, flow, and psychological resilience have each been examined in sport psychology, little is known about how these constructs co-develop across an athlete's career, particularly among late-specializing elites. We conducted a repeated-interview, life-story single-case study of a male aerobic gymnastics world champion who began specialized training later than typical elite pathways. Data were collected through six retrospective semi-structured interviews over eight months, supplemented by relevant archival materials. We used an inductive thematic approach, organized by career phases, to trace within-case developmental patterns. The narrative indicated a four-phase trajectory: initial exploration, competitive breakthrough, peak integration, and educational transformation. Across phases, motivational regulation progressively internalized toward more autonomous forms; flow was described as shifting from early or occasional episodes to more accessible and repeatable flow-like states; and resilience developed from basic coping to an integrated repertoire of attentional control, emotion regulation, and meaning-making. This single-case narrative is consistent with a provisional, case-based conceptual interpretation in which autonomous motivation, flow, and psychological resilience appeared to develop in mutually related ways across career phases. In this case, autonomous motivation seemed to sustain engagement, resilience-related resources appeared to support flow under evaluative pressure, and recurring flow episodes may have reinforced resilience and motivational internalization. Rather than a general explanatory model, this interpretation is intended as a heuristic framework to guide future multi-case and mixed-method research.

Evaluation of medial meniscus extrusion (MME) during motion can detect the behaviour of the MME including an increase in MME (&#x394;MME) and MME peak timing. These parameters reflect the pathology of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Stair ambulation requires a greater knee flexion angle and produces higher mechanical stress on the meniscus; however, meniscus behaviour during stair ambulation remains unclear. To reveal meniscus behaviour during stair ambulation in patients with KOA. Twenty-five patients with medial KOA and 10 healthy controls were enrolled. The participants ascended and descended stairs without any support. &#x394;MME and MME peak timing as indicators of meniscal behaviour and knee flexion angle and knee adduction moment peaks as biomechanical parameters during stair ambulation were measured using ultrasonography and a three-dimensional motion analysis system, respectively. These parameters were compared between the KOA and control groups. No significant difference in biomechanical parameters was observed between two groups. The KOA group showed higher &#x394;MME and more delayed MME peak timing during stair descent than those in the control group, but not during stair ascent. The evaluation of MME during stair descent detected unique meniscus behaviour in patients with KOA.

Patient expectations significantly influence perceived success and satisfaction following spine surgery. While objective metrics assess outcomes, patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are the gold standard for evaluating subjective outcomes and health-related quality of life. Recent studies highlight the complex relationship between preoperative expectations and postoperative satisfaction in spine surgeries. However, the impact of preoperative expectations on PROs for lumbar decompression remains unexplored. The objective of this study was to examine how preoperative expectations influence postoperative satisfaction following lumbar decompression surgery. This prospective cohort study included adults undergoing primary or revision 1- to 2-level lumbar laminectomy or discectomy at a single center between July 2023 and August 2024. PRO measures included the Musculoskeletal Outcomes Data Evaluation and Management Systems instrument, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), SF-36, and satisfaction (scale 0-100) collected before surgery and 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. Expectation-outcome mismatch was calculated as preoperative expectation minus postoperative outcome. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the association between mismatch and satisfaction while adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates. Of 104 enrolled patients, 89 (mean age 64.9 years) were included in this analysis. Preoperative expectation for pain relief was high, with 91% of patients anticipating significant improvement, yet this was achieved postoperatively in only 69%-71%. Lumbar decompression produced substantial functional gains, with the mean ODI score improving from 39.9 &#xb1; 17.8 preoperatively to 19.7 &#xb1; 19.4 at 3 months, and SF-36 scores showing marked improvement. Expectation-outcome mismatch was the strongest predictor of satisfaction at all time points. Each 10-point increase in mismatch was associated with an approximately 8-point decrease in satisfaction postoperatively at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months (all p < 0.001). No demographic or clinical factors predicted satisfaction at 6 months. Expectation-outcome alignment was the primary determinant of postoperative satisfaction following lumbar decompression. Although patients experienced substantial improvements in disability and quality of life, many did not experience the degree of pain relief they anticipated, and unmet expectations were closely associated with lower satisfaction across all recovery stages. These findings highlight the clinical value of structured realistic preoperative counseling focused on anticipated pain relief, functional recovery, and expected recovery timelines. Incorporating expectation management into routine preoperative discussions might reduce mismatch, improve satisfaction, and support more patient-centered perioperative care.

Workplace mental-health support services (MSS), including employee assistance programs, are widely implemented yet chronically underutilized, with uptake rates often below five percent. This persistent gap between availability and use raises critical questions about why employees do not engage with formally accessible and confidential support. Existing research has documented attitudinal, stigma-related, and organizational barriers, but offers limited insight into the behavioral mechanisms sustaining non-use in everyday work contexts. To address this, the present study explores the underutilization of within a high-tech organization in T&#xfc;rkiye characterized by persistently low service uptake. Guided by the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) model, an exploratory qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews with 13 employees who had never accessed the available service, followed by a participatory co-design component. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to explore key barriers and facilitators across COM-B domains, while co-design activities captured employee-generated suggestions for redesigning support. The findings indicate that persistent non-use of mental-support services was not attributable to a single dominant barrier, but emerged from the combined effects of cognitive uncertainty about service relevance, structural constraints embedded in everyday work practices, and motivational tensions related to professional identity and emotional fatigue, which together reduced the likelihood that employees would initiate support-seeking. Co-design outputs translated these barriers into concrete redesign directions, including simplifying entry points, embedding support within everyday workflows, and strengthening visible organizational endorsement. By identifying how the interaction among capability, opportunity, and motivation conditions maintains non-use, this study provides a behaviorally grounded explanation for the persistent underutilization of workplace mental-support services. The findings highlight the need for organizational approaches that move beyond awareness and availability toward behaviorally aligned system design to enable meaningful employee engagement.

An exercise-induced increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) serves as a candidate mechanism underlying a postexercise executive function (EF) benefit. Here, healthy young adults completed four 20-min interventions of active and passive (via mechanical flywheel) cycle ergometry at pedal cadences of 55 and 85 revolutions per minute (rpm). Active and passive exercise were used because each modality increases CBF - albeit via distinct mechanisms - and different pedal cadences were used because an increase in passive exercise cadence is thought to increase CBF. Hence, we sought to determine whether the magnitude of a passive exercise increase in CBF influences the magnitude of a postexercise EF benefit. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound measured middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) to estimate CBF and the antisaccade task completed at pre- and post-intervention was used to assess changes in EF. Results showed that active exercise produced a larger baseline to steady state increase in MCAv than passive exercise, and both modalities showed an increase in MCAv with increasing pedal cadence. Moreover, both modalities produced a post-intervention reduction in antisaccade reaction times (RTs); however, frequentist and Bayesian statistics indicated the RT benefit did not vary with exercise modality nor pedal cadence, and the RT reduction was not correlated with active or passive exercise-mediated changes in CBF changes. Accordingly, active and passive exercise provide a comparable immediate postexercise EF benefit, and an exercise-mediated change in CBF does not provide a unitary account for the benefit.

Women's risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) increases during midlife, partly due to limited physical activity (PA). Overall or lifestyle PA can be cardioprotective and more sustainable than structured exercise for this population, though little is known about setting exercise goals during broader PA promotion and how these relate to women's PA experiences. We used a mixed methods approach to address these questions, via secondary analysis of data from a single-arm trial (NCTXXX; N=62, MAge=53, MBMI=33 kg/m2) that combined PA coaching and partner dyads. Women wore an activity monitor, self-selected weekly goals with their coach, and completed daily surveys and an exit interview. We identified five groups with distinct exercise goal setting patterns. Women who never set exercise goals (11%) reported higher CVD illness burden and described flexible PA approaches as helpful in overcoming health-related barriers. Those who set goals later (10%) had lower PA motivation at baseline and showed the greatest increases in PA motivation and exercise minutes (ps<0.03, &#x3b7;p2s<0.0001). In exit interviews, these women indicated shifts from low self-efficacy and rigid PA views to gradual, lifestyle-based engagement, as well as positive partner experiences. Daily exercise satisfaction was positively associated with exercise minutes (p<0.001, &#x3b7;p2=0.21); this was strongest among those who set goals inconsistently (27%; p<0.01, &#x3b7;p2<0.01), who expressed concerns about failure. Women in midlife with elevated CVD risk may benefit from shifting focus to overall PA, particularly early on. Such an approach may reduce self-critical attitudes, which are linked with aversive experiences that discourage continued goal setting and attempts at attainment.

To identify and map current knowledge regarding early upper-limb movement in infants from birth to 12&#x2009;months, which are indicative for development of unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (USCP). A scoping review was conducted involving a comprehensive and systematic literature search in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL. Articles were screened according to title and abstract and relevant data were extracted. Studies were eligible if they included infants aged 0 to 12&#x2009;months at risk of developing USCP and reported early upper-limb movement characteristics indicative of USCP. Twelve of 5482 studies were included. Three categories of assessments were recognized: (1) spontaneous upper-limb movements; (2) pre-reaching; and (3) upper-limb skills. Across these categories, asymmetry was observed, namely in spontaneous wrist and digit movements, pre-reaching trajectories, and reduced use of the contralesional hand in infants who developed USCP. From 15&#x2009;weeks of age onwards, asymmetry was more evident not only in upper-limb movement patterns but also in object-related upper-limb skills. Clinical signs of USCP in upper-limb movements are noticeable from the age of 12&#x2009;weeks. Preceding signs may be subtle. Three-dimensional motion analysis and wearable sensors may enhance early detection, enabling timely diagnosis and intervention.

Peer bullying in physical education (PE) poses a significant threat to student psychosocial development. This study examines pre-service PE teachers' perceptions, empathy levels, and intervention tendencies towards physical, verbal, and relational bullying situations. Using a vignette-based mixed-methods design, data were collected between April and June 2025 from 105 final-year teacher candidates (N&#x2009;=&#x2009;105; 67.6% male). Participants were recruited via convenience sampling from six state universities across T&#xfc;rkiye: Dicle, Bart&#x131;n, Tokat Gaziosmanpa&#x15f;a, &#xc7;anakkale Onsekiz Mart, &#x130;n&#xf6;n&#xfc;, and Akdeniz. All candidates had completed or were enrolled in the 12-week teaching internship. Quantitative data were analysed using ANOVA and t-tests, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke's framework. Quantitative results indicated that candidates attributed high seriousness, felt strong empathy, and showed a high likelihood of intervention across all bullying types, with no significant differences regarding gender or prior training. However, qualitative findings revealed three primary themes: Behavioural Control, Emotional Support, and Inclusive/Relational Strategies. These themes highlighted that sensitivity often failed to translate into pedagogical action, as most candidates relied on superficial, authority-based warnings. The findings suggest that high emotional awareness does not guarantee pedagogical competence in conflict resolution. Anti-bullying training should be integrated into teacher education through applied case analyses and scenario-based pedagogical studies to bridge the gap between intention and practice.

To assess the effects of exercise on non-invasive measures of bone health in elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes without osteoporosis. In this randomized clinical trial, 200 elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes without osteoporosis were randomized 1:1 to a two-year, specifically-designed exercise training program (Exercise group) or standard care (Control group). Coprimary outcomes were trabecular bone score (TBS), a surrogate measure of bone quality, and bone mineral density (BMD) at three sites. Secondary outcomes were other bone measures and muscle and physical function parameters. The coprimary endpoints increased in the Exercise group and decreased in the Control group. Significant between-group differences were observed for TBS (mean, 0.016 [95% confidence interval, 0.011-0.021], p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.0001, which disappeared after adjusting for abdominal fat indices), and lumbar spine (0.014 [0.005-0.024], p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.004), femoral neck (0.017 [0.006-0.028], p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.003), and total hip (0.020 [0.010-0.030], p=<0.0001) BMD. Significant between-group differences were observed also for other bone measures, body composition, muscle strength and quality, physical performance, and cardiorespiratory fitness. There were no between-group differences in adverse events. A two-year exercise training improved several non-invasive measures of bone health, together with muscle and physical function parameters, potentially reducing fracture risk in people with type 2 diabetes.

Middle-aged women are disproportionately affected by cardiometabolic deterioration during the menopausal transition. Resistance training (RT) is an established countermeasure, and whole-body neuromuscular electrical stimulation (WB-NMES) may enhance its physiological effects. However, whether short-term RT combined with WB-NMES further improves blood cardiometabolic biomarkers in this population remains unknown. In this parallel-group, randomized trial, 23 sedentary middle-aged women (47&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;6 y, 86.3&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;15.7&#xa0;kg, 1.61&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;0.06&#xa0;m, 33.2&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;6.0&#xa0;kg&#x2219;m2) were allocated to six weeks of RT combined with WB-NMES (RT&#x2009;+&#x2009;WB-NMES; n&#x2009;=&#x2009;11) or RT alone (RT; n&#x2009;=&#x2009;12), performing two supervised sessions per week. Primary outcomes were blood biomarkers related to cardiometabolic risk (total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, VLDL-c, triglycerides, fasting glucose, liver enzymes, and C-reactive protein). Secondary outcomes comprised anthropometric measures, body composition, and physical fitness. No significant Group &#xd7; Time interaction was identified for any blood biomarker. A significant main effect of Time was observed for LDL-c (P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.002) and total cholesterol (P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.001), with post-hoc analyses revealing significant within-group reductions exclusively in the RT&#x2009;+&#x2009;WB-NMES group (LDL-c: P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.041, ES&#x2009;=&#x2009;-&#x2009;1.13; total cholesterol: P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.026, ES&#x2009;=&#x2009;-&#x2009;0.91). No significant Group &#xd7; Time interaction was found for any anthropometric, body composition, or most physical fitness variables. Lumbar traction strength improved significantly within the RT&#x2009;+&#x2009;WB-NMES group (P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.029, ES&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.99) but not in RT alone (P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.569, ES&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.53). Six weeks of RT combined with WB-NMES accelerated reductions in LDL-c and total cholesterol in sedentary middle-aged women, although statistical superiority over RT alone was not demonstrated. These preliminary findings support the cardiometabolic relevance of short-term RT&#x2009;+&#x2009;WB-NMES, though larger trials are required. U111113186998 https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR6zx5zcz. Registered on 10/09/2025.