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Cleaning up viscous crude oil spills rapidly and cost-effectively is a global challenge, especially in Arctic or cold marine environments. Self-heating aerogels have been explored for oil spill remediation, but their practical application is hindered by energy-intensive fabrication, structural fragility, and poor mechanical durability. Significantly, oil spills recovery in cold environments encompasses two additional challenges: a sharp increase in oil viscosity and rapid thermal dissipation. Herein, we demonstrate that repurposing mop cloth waste into functional oil sorbents offers a waste-upcycling strategy to alleviate energy and cost barriers in oil spill remediation. This study presents an approach by: (1) Repurposing waste textiles into high-performance absorbents through a simple dip-coating method, achieving excellent cyclic absorption-squeezing for viscous oils in cold marine conditions; (2) Developing a passive oil recovery system that eliminates energy-intensive pumping and addresses critical challenge of cold-environment crude oil recovery with a stable recovery rate of 1600.36 kg m-2 h-1, representing a substantial improvement in recovery efficiency compared with conventional systems. This prepared material also exhibit excellent anti-icing and photothermal de-icing performance, which offers a sustainable route for cold-environment oil recovery, highlighting the potential of waste-derived functional materials for complex environmental challenges.
Controlled oil-on-water field exercises provide rare opportunities to validate marine pollution monitoring tools under realistic spill conditions. Here we use multi-temporal and multi-channel airborne and spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations from the NORSE experiment and the NOFO oil-on-Water campaigns in the North Sea to study (i) slick evolution and (ii) the separability of hazardous petroleum/mineral oils, including different emulsion states, from biogenic or vegetable look-alike films. The temporal analysis shows that spreading can be rapid at early stages, reinforcing the need for frequent satellite screening during response operations. At the same time, look-alike films can mimic low-backscatter oil signatures, so operational systems must retain enough polarimetric information to reduce false alarms. We therefore develop an unsupervised compact hybrid-polarimetric approach and introduce the Model-based Effective Reflection Coefficient (MERC), a physically motivated descriptor derived from hybrid-polarimetric scattering components. Across both airborne and satellite datasets, MERC improves oil detection and oil-type characterization compared with commonly used intensity and compact-polarimetric descriptors, supporting scalable, wide-swath SAR surveillance. These findings are relevant for routine monitoring of shipping- and offshore-related spills and for Arctic-adjacent waters, where remote location, limited accessibility, and extended periods of darkness increase reliance on all-weather satellite observations.
Introduction: Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and its precursor gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) are psychoactive substances commonly associated with men who have sex with men (MSM) and sexualized substance use contexts. Large-scale studies exploring broader sociodemographic characteristics and substance use behaviors among GHB/GBL users remain scarce. Methods: A convenience sample was recruited online through nightlife contexts to complete an anonymous online-questionnaire with a one-year follow-up. The survey assessed sociodemographic data, use of GHB/GBL and other psychoactive substances, GHB/GBL-related adverse events, and lifetime psychiatric diagnosis. Participants were categorized as occasional or frequent users based on the past 12 months. Results: Among 2196 participants, 47.4% reported GHB/GBL use within the past year; among these, 72.9% were occasional users (< 1x/week), and 27.1% frequent users (≥ 1x/week). At one-year follow-up, 10.9% of the sample was retained. The majority of users were male, with 40% of frequent users and 42% of occasional users identifying as homosexual. Frequent users reported more negative events associated with use (e.g., unconsciousness and overdose) and screened more often for problematic use (CAGE-AID). GHB/GBL use frequency was positively associated with methamphetamine, research chemical, and benzodiazepine use, and negatively associated with alcohol use. Conclusions: This study provides insight into GHB use in a diverse sample and confirms higher levels of adverse effects and problematic use patterns among frequent users. Findings highlight the need for prevention and harm reduction strategies that go beyond MSM/chemsex contexts. Broader, inclusive public health approaches are essential to reduce risks and address the evolving landscape of GHB use.
The TRopical Oil Pollution Investigations in Coastal Systems (TROPICS) study, initiated in 1984 on the Caribbean coast of Panama, sought to evaluate the comparative impacts of untreated crude oil versus chemically treated (dispersed) crude oil on nearshore tropical marine communities. The results broadly established that the impacts to mangrove communities from non-dispersed crude oil included significant adult tree loss, with long-term implications for substrate stability. Dispersed oil caused less impact to the mangroves, but resulted in significant short-term effects on coral cover and seagrass invertebrate communities, both of which recovered to pre-exposure levels within 10 years. The 2024 research expedition to the TROPICS locations replicated key biological assessment methodologies from the original and 10-year studies and introduced expanded chemical analyses of sediment samples. After four decades of assessment at the TROPICS sites, the overall conclusion that dispersant use improved the overall outcome for the mangrove forest remains clear, with long-term trends in coral cover possibly related to broader ecological changes rather than lingering treatment effects. Chemical analyses from sediment cores collected inside the sites highlighted the presence of biogenic hydrocarbons, alkanes, and PAHs in all samples across sites, depths, and tidal areas. No petroleum biomarkers of the original test oil were detected in any of the core samples collected; sediments both within the original test sites and immediately adjacent to the sites appear to be no longer contaminated with oil and dispersed oil, although implications for long-term carbon storage in these environments after disturbances with variable recovery trajectories may be significant.
Although large oil spills cause intense ecological damage and receive heavy media and research attention, small spills occur much more frequently and have ecological consequences. Currently, assessment of damage to wildlife after oil spills of any magnitude primarily involves carcass counts and observation of individuals with visible oiling. Such methods do not account for sublethal or non-visible oil exposures that accompany the consumption of contaminated prey or soils. Recent research demonstrates that mild oil exposure can affect time-energy budgeting in birds, as they alter foraging and preening time, and metabolic rates. There is a need to understand how both frequency and length of exposure (duration) to oil spills interact with mechanisms of lethality and sublethality to affect population declines and recoveries. We developed a dynamic energy budget individual-based model to represent a generalized altricial bird and simulate the outcomes of various oiling scenarios. The models revealed that sublethal effects of oil exposure are important to population decline and recovery because they altered trajectories of population recovery through reduced fecundity and embryo survival. Our models also indicate that small oil spills can have significant effects on populations, particularly when spills occur frequently or persist in the environment. Our findings agree with empirical studies showing that sublethal effects of oil exposure in birds are important to population dynamics and indicate that frequent or long-lasting small spills can have significant effects on populations. Minimizing frequency and prioritizing expeditious clean-up of all, including small, spills could result in better conservation outcomes.
Dispersants are commonly used worldwide as a primary response tool to treat oil spills at sea, yet their use is debated due to their toxicological effects and potential to affect oil biodegradation rates. We examined the effect of three globally stockpiled synthetic chemical dispersants (Superdispersant 25, Slickgone EW, Slickgone NS) on the microbial response to crude oil and its biodegradation in a subarctic marine environment in two experiments using seawater sampled from the subarctic Faroe-Shetland Channel (FSC) in 2015 and 2017 and analysed by 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Across both years, communities were dominated by known hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, including Alcanivorax, Alteromonas, and Pseudoalteromonas. In the 2015 experiment, Superdispersant 25 enriched for Dokdonia, Thalassospira, and Roseobacter, genera with demonstrated alkane and PAH degradation pathways. In the 2017 experiment, Slickgone EW and NS selected Marinomonas, Colwellia, Psychromonas, and Alcanivorax. Samples without dispersant also contained hydrocarbon degraders, however, the community composition was altered. In 2017, we quantified hydrocarbon degradation using GC-FID/MS for aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons respectively. Hydrocarbon biomarker ratios showed n-alkane depletion (Pr/C17 and Ph/C18 ratios increased 3-12 fold) in dispersant treatments. Selective weathering was evident in all treatments. 9MP/1MP ratios indicated limited or variable effects on aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation, particularly in the presence of dispersant. We integrated aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations with microbial community data using DIABLO (Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discovery using Latent variable approaches for Omics studies). Several taxa were negatively correlated to specific aromatic hydrocarbons - i.e. they increased when the hydrocarbon was reduced suggesting the hydrocarbons may have served as a carbon source or the taxa were responding to hydrocarbon depletion. Taxa included Aquibacter, Hyphomonas, Thalassospira, Alteromonas, Sphingorhabdus, and Paraperlucidibaca. Marine oil snow (MOS) formed in all oil-amended treatments and showed high microbial colonisation, whereas marine dispersant snow showed little colonisation. This study provides evidence that different dispersants affect different microbial responses to crude oil contamination, including the enrichment of key oil-degrading bacterial taxa. However, this did not correlate with enhanced aromatic hydrocarbon degradation. MOS formation with high microbial colonisation suggests natural aggregation processes may provide an effective biodegradation pathway. These findings raise questions about the functional benefit of synthetic chemical dispersants and highlight that the marine environment naturally harbours hydrocarbon-degrading microbial communities with the potential to respond to oil spills.
Frequent crude oil spills, especially those involving highly viscous crude, pose serious environmental, economic, and safety challenges. The crude oil with limited fluidity under ambient conditions significantly hinders rapid cleanup and increases energy consumption during recovery. Therefore, we present a solar-driven, self-heating, and eco-friendly foam (P-PBAT/HCM) for fast absorption and efficient crude oil recovery. The foam is fabricated by incorporating hollow carbon microsphere (HCM) as photothermal fillers into the flexible environmentally-friendly poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) matrix via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS), followed by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) dip-coating to impart hydrophobicity. The material demonstrates excellent hydrophobicity, compressive resilience and chemical stability. Due to the outstanding photothermal efficiency of HCM, the foam exhibits an average light absorption of 97.9% over the full solar spectrum and rapidly heats to 82 °C within 5 min at 1.0 kW m⁻² irradiance. This photothermal self-heating effectively reduces crude oil viscosity and accelerates absorption. When coupled with a pump-assisted system, the foam enables continuous crude oil spill recovery with a stable and high flux of 345 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ under outdoor environments. This foam offers a potential approach for crude oil spill remediation.
Rapid urbanization and industrialization have led to severe water contamination, particularly from irresponsible discharges or accidental spills of synthetic dyes. Environmental nanotechnology, specifically semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), offers disruptive solutions for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. In this study, binary (ZnS and In2S3) and ternary (Zn-In-S) QDs functionalized with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were synthesized via a sustainable, aqueous colloidal route. The CMC biopolymer served as a macromolecular template and stabilizing ligand for the nucleation and controlled growth of the QD. As nanocatalysts, they were evaluated for the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB, cationic) and methyl orange (MO, anionic) model dyes under UV irradiation across various pH conditions (3.0, 5.0, and 7.0). The results confirmed the formation of colloidal nanocrystalline QDs stabilized by CMC, with an average size of approximately 3 nm and optical properties dependent on the core chemical composition. Photocatalytic assays demonstrated removal efficiencies of 30-70%, with optimal degradation at pH 5.0, following the pseudo-second-order model. Hence, these findings demonstrate that CMC-stabilized QDs can provide a sustainable, potentially scalable nanoplatform for advanced oxidative treatment of polluted water.
Accidental oil spills can have detrimental impacts on marine ecosystems, but the impacts can be difficult to quantify due to lack of knowledge of pre-accident status and suitable controls. In a relatively rare BACI-study (Before-After-Control-Impact), here we report on fish abundances in eelgrass meadows from the Baltic Sea before (summer 2022) and after (summers 2024-2025) the grounding of the ferry Marco Polo in October 2023, which caused a 50-90 m3 spill of heavy bunker oil. In summer 2024, we also collected fish samples for histopathological analyses and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) and three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus; PAH only) across three sites with varying levels of oil contamination to assess individual fish health. Our results indicate lowest PAH-concentration in fish from the least oil contaminated site, but PAH-levels were generally low, < 23 μg/kg wet weight. All examined eelpouts exhibited only minor gill and liver tissue alterations, including those from the reference site, suggesting that the observed alterations were not a result of oil exposure. At the fish community level, there was a clear shift from eelpout to sticklebacks in oil contaminated sites in 2024, although eelpout abundance increased again in 2025. In conclusion, while the oil spill may have resulted in somewhat elevated PAH-concentration in fish, this had no marked histological impact on fish health. Still, there was a clear shift in fish community composition in the summer following the oil spill, but abundances were back to 2022 levels within two years after the accident.
Sewage contamination in high-income countries poses a serious public health concern due to the increased frequency of combined and sanitary sewer overflows. This might be due to aging infrastructure, climate change-driven extreme weather events, and insufficient regulatory enforcement. These events result in the discharge of untreated sewage into drinking and recreational waters, introducing pathogenic microorganisms that elevate the risk of gastrointestinal and other waterborne diseases, even in regions with advanced sanitation systems. This scoping review aims to map the evidence linking sewage overflows with waterborne disease incidence in high-income countries and to explore contributing structural (e.g., infrastructure failure, policy gaps) and environmental factors (e.g., extreme weather events). Literature searches were conducted across six databases and four grey literature sources, identifying 434 records. After screening and eligibility assessment, 20 studies published between 2007 and 2024 were included. The findings consistently associate combined sewer overflow events and water distribution system failures with elevated risks of gastrointestinal illness. High-volume sewage discharges following extreme rainfall were strongly linked to increased emergency room visits and outbreak incidence, with dose-response relationships observed in several studies, adding biological plausibility to these associations. However, the strength of this evidence must be interpreted with caution, as the majority of included studies were observational in design, limiting causal inference. Monitoring studies also revealed the presence of fecal indicator bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and antibiotic-resistant pathogens in affected water bodies. Underreporting of sewage spills and waterborne disease outbreaks emerged as a widespread limitation, impeding accurate public health risk assessment. Despite the availability of modern sanitation technologies, many high-income countries face persistent challenges due to deferred infrastructure upgrades and weak compliance mechanisms. This review emphasizes the importance of strengthening surveillance, implementing real-time water quality monitoring, and coordinating policy and infrastructure actions to mitigate sewage-related waterborne diseases resulting from inadequate wastewater management and changing environmental conditions.
The various sources from the natural world and the human world like uranium and thorium series decay, 40K, radon gas, nuclear power operations, uranium mining, industries, medicine, nuclear weapon tests, and accidental spills, contribute to the formation of radionuclides in the environment. Radionuclides have drawn concern regarding the persistence, redistribution, and potential ecological impacts of these contaminants because of their increasing presence in the environment. It is thus essential to forecast the behavior of these contaminants, determine the vulnerability of the ecosystems and develop effective methods for managing these contaminants in the environment based on our knowledge of the movement and behavior of radionuclides. The environmental fate of a substance is determined by the physicochemical processes of adsorption-desorption, speciation, complex formation, oxidation-reduction reactions, and radioactive decay; radionuclide transport occurs by means of atmospheric transport, hydrological transport, sediment transport, and soil transport processes. Radionuclide transport and availability are also affected by environmental conditions, including pH, organic content, mineral composition, and climatic factors. Radionuclides can influence microorganism populations, plant life, aquatic life, and wild animal life, with possible repercussions on biodiversity and interspecies interactions. Chronic exposure scenarios at low doses, which continue to pose challenges due to complex ecosystem responses and the long-term effects that remain uncertain, are given priority. Knowledge gaps regarding ecosystem resilience, species sensitivity, pathways of radionuclide transfers, and effects of climate change on contaminant dynamics remain prevalent despite advances in monitoring and radioecological modeling. Solving these problems necessitates more extensive monitoring systems, coupled with transport-fate modeling and adaptive management approaches.
Marine oil spills are globally widespread, posing significant threats to marine wildlife. While the spatial and temporal distribution of oil concentrations in the environment can be modeled with high resolution, the impact of petroleum products on marine biodiversity has remained largely unquantified due to a critical missing component: the species-specific sensitivity of marine organisms to oil pollution, particularly to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the most toxic fraction of crude oil. In this study, we address this knowledge gap by developing a predictive model that estimates the sensitivity of marine species to PAHs exposure based on taxonomic proximity and shared ecological traits. We apply this framework to assess the impact of the February 2021 oil spill on marine biodiversity along the Israeli Mediterranean coastline, integrating our sensitivity model with a high-resolution oil transport model (oil-CMS). Our model predicted PAH sensitivity of 88% of key local species, demonstrating that close to the spill core (i.e., the slick), as many as 75.4% of pelagic species were predicted to experience exposure to PAHs concentrations associated with harmful or lethal effects. This novel approach provides a scalable method for assessing biodiversity risks from oil pollution and emphasizes the urgent need to incorporate species-specific pollutant-sensitivity into marine environmental risk and impact assessments.
Marine oil spills pose serious threats to marine ecosystems and coastal socio-economic systems, while the scarcity of annotated SAR oil-spill samples limits the training and generalization of deep learning-based detection models. To address this problem, this study proposes an improved Pix2PixGAN method for SAR oil-spill sample generation. The proposed method uses real SAR images as background priors and combines oil-spill masks with multi-channel random noise to jointly constrain background realism, target morphology, and texture diversity. A spatially adaptive normalization module, PatchGAN discriminator, least-squares adversarial loss, Dropout regularization, and segmentation-consistency constraint are integrated to enhance local texture realism and structural consistency. Experiments on the SOS dataset show that the proposed method outperforms Pix2Pix, PGGAN, and BEGAN in FID, KID, Global BIHD, ENL difference, and GMHD, indicating better consistency with real SAR samples in both feature distribution and SAR-related image-level statistical characteristics. Ablation experiments further confirm the complementary effects of spatial semantic modulation and multi-channel noise injection. In downstream U-Net segmentation validation, the model trained only with generated samples achieved performance comparable to that trained with real samples only, while combining real and generated samples produced slight numerical improvements. These results indicate that the generated samples contain learnable oil-spill structural and textural information, but the improvement should be interpreted as evidence of sample usability rather than statistically significant superiority. Cross-dataset validation on the independently constructed A Symphony-Yellow Sea dataset and additional experiments using DeepLabV3Plus, PSPNet, and SegNet further suggest that the generated samples can provide useful supplementary training cues for independent SAR oil-spill scenes when real annotated samples are limited.
This study presents the development of an Oil Spill Physical Vulnerability Index (OSPVIs,h) for environmental sensitivity mapping in the Mexican Exclusive Economic Zone of the Gulf of Mexico. The OSPVIs,h was calculated using more than 28,000 independent Lagrangian numerical simulations of oil spills spanning a 26-year period (1994-2019). Continuous daily releases of 1000 bbl/day of Isthmus/Maya blend crude oil were simulated for 30 days. Using a critical impact threshold of 0.01 g/m2, three key metrics were estimated: maximum hydrocarbon concentration at the surface, maximum probability of impact, and exposure time, to construct the OSPVIs,h which has values between 0 and 1. The results indicate that Veracruz and Tabasco are vulnerable regions year-round, with OSPVIs,h values ranging from 0.5 to 1.0, and minimum arrival times indicating coastal impacts within the first week of an incident. In Campeche, impacts are primarily offshore, with coastal areas exhibiting medium OSPVIs,h values (>0.3 & ≤0.5). In contrast, the coastal zone of Tamaulipas is the most affected, exhibiting medium to very high OSPVIs,h values (>0.3 and ≤1.0) due to its proximity to the oil exploitation zone. Finally, the OSPVIs,h was integrated with geospatial data to generate Integrated Environmental Sensitivity Maps, identifying mangroves, sandy flat coasts, marine mammal habitats, and commercial fisheries (including sharks and rays) as the resources most vulnerable to oil spill impacts.
Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution, particularly in combination with chemical dispersants, poses a severe threat to marine ecosystems. Zooplankton as a crucial link in the marine food chain, are highly sensitive to petroleum pollutants exposure, yet a systematic synthesis of its multigenerational and population-level impacts remain lacking. This review systematically elaborate on the multiple toxicological effects and their underlying mechanisms of petroleum pollutants on marine zooplankton, with a focus on copepods. We first analyzes the various existing forms of petroleum hydrocarbons in aquatic environments and clarifies their primary exposure pathways to zooplankton. We then summarize the temporal dynamics of toxic effects, including acute lethal effects, chronic sublethal impacts, and transgenerational toxicity. At the mechanistic level, we highlight key molecular initiating events such as oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, and gene expression dysregulation. Finally, we identify critical knowledge gaps and recommend integrated approaches combining multi-omics, ecological modeling, and multi-stressor experimental designs to improve ecological risk assessment and mitigation strategies. This review provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the cascading effects of oil spills on zooplankton populations and supports science-based decision-making in oil spill response.
Oil and organic solvent spills pose significant environmental and ecological hazards, driving the need for high-performance oil-water separation materials. The development of high-performance bio-based materials for oil-water separation is critically important for environmental remediation. In this study, a series of porous Co Ni-LDH/polyurethane foams (PUF-x) were prepared via a solvothermal method using cellulose-based polyols (CPP) derived from the liquefaction of powdered cellulose. After surface modification with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDTES), hydrophobic foams (SPUF-x) were obtained. Among these, SPUF6 sample (containing 6 wt% CPP) exhibited an optimal balance of properties. Co Ni-LDH particles formed a petal-like nanostructure that significantly increased surface roughness, and together with PFDTES modification, imparted high hydrophobicity (water contact angle of 139.3°) and strong oleophilicity to the foam. SPUF6 demonstrated excellent adsorption capacities ranging from 16.71 to 27.96 g/g for various organic pollutants, including engine oil, dichloromethane, toluene, and edible oil. It also showed outstanding reusability, maintaining stable adsorption performance over 20 cycles of engine oil and trichloromethane removal via mechanical squeezing. The foam exhibited good thermal stability (up to 190 °C), high elastic recovery (>94% after 30 compression cycles), and remarkable chemical durability under acidic, alkaline, and saline conditions, as well as under UV irradiation. Furthermore, SPUF6 enabled effective gravity-driven and pump-assisted continuous oil-water separation, achieving separation efficiencies above 97.7% for light oils. This work demonstrates a sustainable route to fabricate robust, high-performance hydrophobic foams from cellulose-based polyols, offering promising potential for oily wastewater treatment and the valorization of biomass resources.
Industrial oily wastewater and oil spills pose serious environmental threats, demanding efficient and scalable separation materials. In this work, a hydrophobic/oleophilic ZIF-8/polyurethane sponge (ZIF-8/PUS) composite was fabricated via a simple dip-coating and drying process at room temperature. The composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) pore size distribution, confirming successful ZIF-8 deposition and a well-developed porous architecture. The water contact angle increased from 96.8 to 148.4°, while the oil contact angle remained 0°. The sponge achieved an oil absorption capacity of 36.1 g g⁻1 for 15W-40 oil and a water flux of 107 L m⁻2 h⁻1. Temperature-dependent separation tests (25-85 °C) yielded COD removal efficiencies of 99.24-97.55% and oil and grease removal of 99.20-97.74%. Statistics on triple experiments validated these results' robustness: One-way ANOVA showed significant differences in COD and oil/grease removal among experimental groups (p < 0.0001), and Tukey's HSD test showed that optimally adjusted samples outperformed controls (p < 0.05). The sponge retained performance after ten absorption-squeezing cycles. Application to real drilling rig wastewater (RIG-69 Fath unit) achieved 94.97% COD removal (6689 to 67 mg L⁻1) and 99.07% oil and grease removal, demonstrating practical potential for industrial oily wastewater treatment.
The rapid identification of chemical composition, temperature, and dynamic behavior of leaked liquids by robots during accidental spills of hazardous chemicals would significantly reduce the potential risks to both human health and the environment. Here, we designed a flexible, palm-shaped liquid-sensing e-skin (PSLSES) featuring 128 metal electrodes fabricated via flexible printed circuit (FPC) technology and coated with a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film. By capturing the local triboelectrification signals along the droplet's trajectory, PSLSES enables multimodal dynamic liquid sensing, simultaneously achieving liquid composition identification, temperature sensing, as well as droplet motion tracking through visualized trajectory patterns. Integrated with a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN), PSLSES achieves an ultrahigh identification accuracy of 99.5% across 21 types of liquids, with a high monitoring resolution down to the ppb level and 98% accuracy in identifying liquid temperature. This includes deionized water, acids, bases, salts, and organic solutions, demonstrating broad liquid identification versatility. Compared with previously reported E-skin systems, it achieved faster identification (0.3 s), a lower detection limit (0.1 ppb), broader liquid recognition, and higher accuracy. The integration of PSLSES into wearable robotics systems opens new ways for robots to assist humans in analyzing and handling chemical leakage in hazardous environments.
Freshwater turtles and terrapins require an aquatic habitat as part of their natural ecology. The health of these habitats-the quality of the water, which can be affected by natural phenomena as well as pollution and human alterations of the watershed's natural flow-are inextricably intertwined with the persistence of the turtle species that rely on them. However, likely because of the vast number of species, habitats, and aquatic variables involved, a comprehensive review of the relationship between freshwater turtles and their aquatic environments has yet to be conducted. Here, we break down freshwater habitat quality into discreet natural and anthropogenic variables and summarize their impacts on the physical, behavioral, and population responses of freshwater turtles. We found that among natural variables, salinity and temperature were the most studied, while heavy metals received the most attention among the anthropogenic pollutants. Much of this research measured contaminant concentrations in turtle tissues, blood, or claws to assess their value as environmental biomonitors, rather than directly evaluating short- or long-term health effects. Meanwhile, the impacts of many other natural water quality metrics such as pH, turbidity, and contaminants like coal and oil spills remain severely under-studied. Taxonomic coverage was similarly biased towards a small number of common species, despite many threatened species being especially vulnerable to habitat degradation. By drawing attention to these gaps and biases, we hope to make the path clearer for future research to identify the impacts of habitat quality metrics on the health and distribution of freshwater turtles.
Despite growing evidence that family life spills over into the workplace, little is known about how family rituals relate to employee behaviors at work. Drawing on interaction ritual chains theory, we develop a dual pathway-moderated mediation model linking family rituals to employee change-oriented behaviors. We propose that family rituals are positively associated with employee change-oriented behaviors via the resource pathway (emotional resources and vigor at work) but negatively associated with them via the motivation pathway (family identity salience and family motivation). Additionally, employees' need for social inclusion strengthened both mediation pathways. Results from a multisource, time-lagged survey of 465 employees and 240 supervisors supported our model. We discussed theoretical implications for the literature on family rituals and change-oriented behaviors, as well as practical implications for organizations and managers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).