The expanding utility of axial chirality across the chemical sciences has intensified the search for structurally novel atropisomeric skeletons. Drawing inspiration from the electronic properties of aryl-amides, we have developed a new class of atropisomeric aryl-hydrazone architectures. Their atroposelective construction was accomplished via stereospecific addition of hydrazines to axially chiral vinyl quinone methides, generated in situ from aryl-alkynes under chiral Brønsted acid catalysis. This transformation exhibits remarkable Z/E- and enantioselectivity, along with broad functional group compatibility. The key to overcoming this synthetic challenge lies in the precise enantiocontrol of the transient aryl-enamine species, which subsequently undergoes stereospecific enamine-to-imine tautomerization to afford the Z-configured atropisomers. Furthermore, the chiral Brønsted acid acts as a sophisticated proton shuttle, enabling a privileged pathway for the seamless transfer of stereochemical information while enhancing selectivity through precise spatial discrimination of the enamine conformers. This work not only expands the repertoire of atropisomeric frameworks but also delivers atropisomers with excellent structural and axial stability, positioning them as promising candidates for asymmetric catalysis and materials science.
Correct identification of Rhea americana and Rhea pennata in the fossil record has important paleoenvironmental implications; however, the strong similarity between their postcranial skeletons complicates taxonomic assignments. This study analyzes hindlimb morphology in both species to identify diagnostic characters useful for fossil and archaeological material and to reassess previously reported remains. Femora, tibiotarsi, and tarsometatarsi of adult and juvenile R. americana and R. pennata, comprising a total of 37 specimens, were comparatively analyzed using qualitative morphology and linear measurements. Several osteological differences were identified, particularly in distal tibiotarsal and tarsometatarsal morphology, including trochlear configuration and divergence patterns. Some differences are maintained in juvenile specimens, although ontogenetic variation may complicate identification in certain cases. Reevaluation of fossil and archaeological specimens supported revised taxonomic interpretations for several specimens, whereas poorly preserved or morphologically ambiguous materials were conservatively assigned to Rheidae indet. Although hindlimb bones of R. americana and R. pennata are broadly similar, distal tibiotarsal and especially tarsometatarsal morphology provide useful diagnostic characters. Trochlear configuration and divergence appear to be among the most consistent features, whereas other traits are affected by ontogenetic, intraspecific, and preservational variation. These results contribute to a more robust framework for identifying fossil rheids and highlight the importance of evaluating multiple characters when dealing with fragmentary material.
Herein, we rationally designed and synthesized two types of D-π-A red-emitting fluorescent probes with intrinsic intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) characteristics, for traditional methods for lipid droplet detection in food crops suffer from reliance on bulky instruments, tedious sample pretreatment and the impossibility of on-site quantification. To modulate the molecular skeleton, methoxy groups were introduced, and highly specific recognition of lipid droplet microenvironments was realized through the probes' synergistic spectral response to polarity and viscosity. Typical turn-on fluorescence responses and favorable lipophilicity were displayed by both probes, thus enabling accurate localization of the hydrophobic domains of lipid droplets. Possessing ratiometric fluorescence performance, the modified probe OCH3-Phe-FCN efficiently alleviated signal interference from complex matrices, and toward oleic acid was a lower limit of detection presented. By combining smartphone-based RGB colorimetry and image grayscale analysis was a portable detection platform constructed, with fluorescence signals employed to accomplish visual analysis of lipid droplets in food crops. Satisfactory biocompatibility and targeting capability were validated for the as-prepared probes via cell imaging and cytotoxicity evaluations, and far superior imaging quality and signal-to-noise ratio were demonstrated by the modified probe. With the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, systematically elucidated was the spectral mechanism of excited-state transitions synergistically modulated by the two microenvironmental factors. Not only does this work deepen the insight into the response mechanism of dual-responsive fluorescent probes, but also a promising technical strategy is offered for in situ spectral detection of lipid droplets in food crops.
Cellulosic aerogels, owing to their renewable origin, lightweight porous structure, and excellent structural tunability, have shown broad application prospects in triboelectric energy harvesting. However, cellulosic triboelectric aerogels typically rely on large mechanical deformations to generate electrical signals, making it difficult to achieve efficient energy conversion under weak mechanical disturbances such as acoustic vibrations. Meanwhile, their single surface chemical composition and limited charge trapping capability also restrict triboelectric output performance. In this study, an in situ limited crystallization strategy is proposed, in which coordination interactions are utilized to induce the confined growth of nanocrystals on the fiber network, enabling uniform dispersion of nanostructures within the three-dimensional skeleton while effectively suppressing particle aggregation. Combined with directional freezing technology and surface hydrophobic modification, a cellulosic triboelectric aerogel with both environmental robustness and high output performance is successfully constructed. The aerogel exhibits significantly enhanced triboelectric output performance, achieving a power density of 396 mW m-2 and is capable of harvesting and converting noise energy in industrial environments. This work provides a new material design strategy for regulating the growth behavior of nanocrystals in three-dimensional porous fiber networks and offers guidance for the application of cellulosic triboelectric aerogels in weak vibration energy harvesting and intelligent acoustic sensing.
Coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) parameters are increasingly used to characterize native coronal alignment and guide alignment strategies in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) based on long-leg radiographs (LLR). Computed tomography (CT) based robotic TKA software enables calculation of CPAK parameters based on anatomical reference points. However, potential differences in CPAK measurements between LLR and CT remain incompletely defined. This study compared CPAK coronal alignment parameters and phenotype distributions between LLR and CT, and evaluated factors associated with measurement discrepancies. This was a radiographic subanalysis of a prospective randomised controlled trial including 241 patients undergoing robotic-assisted TKA. Medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA) were measured and arithmetic hip-knee-ankle-angle (aHKA), joint line obliquity (JLO) and CPAK phenotype distribution were calculated and classified from preoperative LLR and CT. Discrepancy groups were defined as LLR = CT (≤ 2°), LLR < CT (> 2°) and LLR > CT (> 2°). Associations between discrepancy groups and preoperative deformity and flexion contracture were assessed. Compared with LLR, CT demonstrated a more varus MPTA (mean 86.7° vs. 87.1°, p = 0.04), a more valgus LDFA (87.1° vs. 87.8°, p < 0.01) and a lower JLO (173.9° vs. 174.9°, p < 0.01). The aHKA did not differ between modalities. There was a higher overall proportion of apex distal phenotypes (Types I-III) on CT (p = 0.01), and in particular CPAK Type II phenotypes were more frequent on CT than LLR (45.2% vs. 33.2%; p < 0.01). For MPTA, the proportions of LLR = CT, LLR > CT, and LLR < CT were 66.0%, 21.6% and 12.4%, respectively; corresponding LDFA proportions were 84.6%, 13.3% and 2.1%. In MPTA discrepancy, LLR > CT groups showed more preoperative valgus alignment and LLR < CT group showed more preoperative varus alignment with knee flexion contracture. CPAK coronal alignment parameters and phenotype distributions differ depending on whether measurements are derived from LLR or CT. Discrepancies in MPTA are influenced by preoperative coronal knee alignment and flexion contracture. Surgeons should interpret CT- and LLR-based CPAK assessments with caution, particularly in patients with moderate deformity or flexion contracture. Retrospective Cohort study.
Specialized ecological niches can represent evolutionary traps that increase extinction risk when environments change. The consumption of coral tissue, mucus, and skeleton is a rare feeding niche despite the abundance of coral on reefs, which raises questions about the evolutionary consequences of this dietary specialization. In this study, we used phylogenetic comparative methods, micro-CT scanning, and scanning electron microscopy to explore the evolutionary history of corallivory across reef fishes and compare feeding morphology across species within a major clade of corallivorous species (Chaetodontidae) that vary in their coral consumption. We show that obligate corallivory has evolved independently at least 17 times but is an evolutionary "dead end" for most reef fish species. Early origination of facultative corallivory may have contributed to the success of butterflyfishes, the predominant clade of coral-feeding fishes, as they diversified in competitive reef environments. Obligate and facultative butterflyfish species differ primarily in dental morphology while overall cranial traits are largely similar between groups. Coral feeding requires continuous foraging with narrow energetic margins, and climate-driven disturbances occur markedly faster than evolutionary transitions away from corallivory. This temporal mismatch between change at ecological and evolutionary timescales subjects corallivorous fishes to heightened vulnerability as climate-driven disturbances increase in frequency and severity.
This study was conducted to evaluate the morphometric of the C2 vertebra in relation to screw fixation surgery and to establish standards for safe entry points and trajectories for pedicle screws. Computed tomography images of 323 individuals, comprising 163 females and 160 males aged 20-59 years, were used in the study. In the retrospective study, pedicle length (PL), pedicle thickness (PT), pedicle height (PH), pedicle angle (PA), pedicle-lamina angle (PLA), sagittal angle (SA), and ideal entry length (EL) parameters were evaluated on the right (R) and left (L) sides. The measured parameters were analysed in a total of 4 groups divided into age deciles. As a result of our study, it was found that PL, PH, and EL parameters were higher in males compared to females on both sides (p < 0.05). It was found that RPL and RPA parameters were smaller than LPL and LPA, respectively, while the RPLA parameter was larger than the LPLA parameter (p < 0.05). In males, RPA, RSA, and LSA parameters were higher in group 1 than in group 4 (p < 0.05). In females, RPH and LPH parameters were found to be the largest in group 1 (p < 0.05). It has been observed that C2 morphometry is greater in male and decreases with age. These findings highlight the need for individual assessment in surgical planning and the importance of taking age and sex into account for clinical safety in interventional procedures such as screw placement.
Concurrent blockade of aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) holds great promise in lung cancer therapy yet challenged by tumor cell metabolic plasticity. To address this, we herein grafted dichloroacetic acid into perylenediimide (PDI) skeleton via ionic or covalent bond to create PDIC-AC and PDIC-NAC. Studies demonstrate that ionic bond-driven primary amine positive nitrogen remodeling and mitochondrial localization endow PDIC-AC with significantly stronger inhibitory activity on pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDHKs) than PDIC-NAC. Notably, PDIC-AC targets the Rieske iron-sulfur polypeptide 1 (UQCRFS1) subunit of complex III in mitochondria, triggering electron leakage from the electron transport chain, thereby more efficiently inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production relative to PDIC-NAC. Superior PDHKs inhibiting efficacy and ROS generation capacity functionalize PDIC-AC as an efficient inhibitor to block glycolysis and OXPHOS, which not only repolarize macrophages toward anti-tumor M1 phenotype via suppression of lactate production, but also trigger immunogenic cell death via PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP axis to activate immune response, ultimately reaching effective chemo-immunotherapy against the primary and distant tumors. Overall, this work defines the unambiguous mechanism for PDI-triggered endogenous ROS generation, and meanwhile clarifies small-molecule regulators' energy metabolism intervention mechanism and establishes an innovative chemical bond engineering strategy for energy-targeted chemo-immunotherapy.
To describe a novel office-based Level II temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthroscopy technique performed using only two 16-gauge needle punctures, achieving the same level of invasiveness as conventional arthrocentesis while allowing direct visualization and therapeutic intervention. This technical note describes a minimally invasive arthroscopic approach performed under intravenous sedation and local anesthesia using two 16-gauge needle portals. A 0.7-mm diameter fiber-optic endoscope is introduced through one needle for visualization, while a 600-µm optical fiber connected to a 450 nm diode laser (TheraBlue®, DMC, Brazil) is introduced through the second needle for controlled retrodiscal tissue ablation under direct visualization. This technique enables Level II arthroscopic capabilities while maintaining needle-level invasiveness. At 6-month follow-up, the patient demonstrated significant clinical improvement, with bilateral TMJ pain decreasing from a preoperative Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score of 8 to 1, and maximum interincisal mouth opening (MMO) increasing from 33 mm to 42 mm, with no complications observed. The procedure can be performed in an office setting under local anesthesia, reducing the need for hospital-based infrastructure. Office-based Level II TMJ arthroscopy using 16-gauge needle portals appears to represent a feasible, minimally invasive evolution of arthrocentesis, enabling visualization and targeted therapeutic intervention with minimal morbidity in this initial case. Controlled studies with larger cohorts are required before broader clinical implications can be established.
This work presents a controlled millimetre-wave radar point-cloud dataset for analysing guided daily and rehabilitation-related movements in standardised indoor settings. The dataset is designed to support radar-based human motion analysis: radar point clouds serve as the primary sensing modality, while the Azure Kinect provides 3D skeleton labels for supervised learning and validation. Data were collected from 26 healthy, able-bodied adults aged 25-57 years. Participants followed reference videos to perform a set of daily and rehabilitation-related movements under two visual conditions: normal lighting and low-light settings. After quality control, the release contains approximately 3.47 minutes of retained movement data per participant per lighting condition. The original recording-level data include 265,487 radar frames and 322,833 Kinect-derived skeleton-label frames, while the processed aligned data contain 137,717 paired radar-skeleton frames. Each aligned radar frame is annotated with an action label, subject ID, and corresponding Kinect-derived 3D skeleton. By combining radar point clouds with aligned skeleton labels across controlled lighting conditions, the dataset supports tasks such as radar-based action classification, identity recognition, and keypoint detection.
The supraorbital foramen or notch constitutes an important anatomical landmark for maxillofacial surgery, regional anesthesia, and ophthalmologic procedures. Considerable variability in its morphology and location has been reported in different groups. The aim of the study was to assess the morphological and morphometric variability of the supraorbital foramen in medieval and contemporary skulls and to analyze its asymmetry and clinical relevance. The study included 234 adult male skulls originating from Central European skeletal samples: 87 contemporary skulls from the early 20th century and 147 medieval skulls (11th-16th centuries). Morphological assessment included identification of the supraorbital notch, complete foramen, and incomplete foramen. Morphometric measurements were performed using an electronic caliper and included distances between the supraorbital foramen and selected anthropometric landmarks. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test, paired Student's t-test, and chi-square test with Yates correction. The supraorbital notch occurred in 54.5% of contemporary skulls and 71% of medieval skulls. The frequency of a complete supraorbital foramen did not differ significantly between the groups. In the contemporary group, significantly greater distances were observed between the supraorbital foramen and the frontozygomatic suture as well as the superior temporal line. Most other morphometric parameters did not show statistically significant differences between the groups. A small but consistent side asymmetry of the supraorbital region was observed. The supraorbital notch is the predominant morphological variant in both medieval and contemporary groups. Although certain differences in lateral frontal bone measurements were observed, the general topography of the supraorbital foramen appears relatively stable. The observed variability and asymmetry should be considered during surgical and anesthetic procedures involving the supraorbital region.
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The adaptation of the temporomandibular joint after orthognathic surgery remains an important research topic, given its impact on the functional and aesthetic outcomes of treatment in the long term. This study aims to review the literature on changes in the morphology and position of the condylar head in patients who underwent bicuspid orthognathic surgery to correct skeletal distal occlusion, both with and without articular disc reposition. The literature search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases and covered publications published from 2020 to 2023. Адаптация височно-нижнечелюстного сустава после ортогнатической хирургии остается важной исследовательской темой, учитывая ее влияние на функциональные и эстетические результаты лечения в долгосрочной перспективе. Данное исследование направлено на изучение литературы по вопросам изменений морфологии и положения головки мыщелкового отростка у пациентов, которым была проведена двучелюстная ортогнатическая операция для устранения скелетной формы дистальной окклюзии как с выполнением репозиции суставного диска, так и без нее. Литературный поиск проводился в базах PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase и Cochrane Library и охватывал публикации, вышедшие с 2020 года до 2023 года.
Accurate assessment of shoulder kinematics in Modified Mallet Scale (MMS) movements is essential for clinical evaluation and treatment planning in brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI). However, inconsistencies in reporting methods affect the reliability of kinematic data. This study aims to determine the optimal Euler sequence for reporting shoulder kinematics during MMS movements. Kinematic data from the unaffected arms of ten children with BPBI were collected using inertial measurement units and analyzed retrospectively. Three commonly adopted Euler sequences (ZXY, XZY, YXY) were analyzed. The occurrence of discontinuities, including gimbal lock, phase angle discontinuities, was quantified. Additionally, amplitude coherence was evaluated by comparing reported joint angles with clinically expected values. The ZXY sequence was the only method that exhibited gimbal lock, particularly in global abduction (M1), global external rotation (M2), and hand-to-neck (M3). XZY and YXY showed no gimbal lock; however, YXY showed two instances of phase angle discontinuities. Amplitude coherence analysis identified XZY and YXY as most suitable for M1 and M2, YXY for M3 and hand-to-mouth (M5), XZY for hand-to-back (M4), ZXY for hand-to-belly (M6). The method used to report shoulder kinematics has a major impact on the accuracy of MMS movement analysis. Our findings highlight the need for movement-specific, standardized reporting approaches that reduce discontinuities and maintain amplitude coherence. Establishing such standards is essential for enhancing clinical relevance and ensuring meaningful comparisons across studies, particularly in the evaluation of BPBI.
Enteroatmospheric fistulas (EAFs) are characterised as an abnormal connection between the gastrointestinal tract and the atmosphere. They present a formidable challenge in surgical practice. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has become the standard for management of large open abdominal wounds. However, an EAF can make application of this dressing challenging. This case report highlights the authors' experience in managing an EAF-containing large open wound in a 52-year-old male patient following a motorcycle collision. He sustained an 'open-book' pelvic fracture and mesenteric contusions requiring exploratory laparotomy. The patient underwent multiple abdominal surgeries and his abdomen was left open using a temporary abdominal closure device. He had an extended hospital course complicated by a necrotising soft tissue infection requiring large abdominal wall debridement, pelvic hardware infection requiring hardware removal and external fixation, and fascial dehiscence culminating with the development of an EAF. Several iterations of wound care were attempted before succeeding at achieving a fistula-sparing NPWT dressing. Once this was achieved there was rapid improvement in the size of the patient's wound. His wound and overall clinical status continued to improve, with spontaneous resolution of fistula and near complete re-epithelialisation of the wound at eight months. The practice of damage control laparotomy with an open abdomen and temporary abdominal closure devices exposes the bowel to potential damage from iatrogenic serosal injuries, adhesion-induced wall splitting, and serosal irritation from dressing changes. Wound care that minimises soilage of the remainder of the wound from enteric effluent is essential for wound healing. Each wound requires a tailored approach that adjusts for its individual characteristics to ensure optimal patient outcomes.
To investigate the relationship between orbital metrics obtained using computed tomography (CT) imaging and inflammatory activity in thyroid eye disease (TED). This retrospective study analyzed the medical records and CT images of 85 patients with TED and 15 controls. Orbital segmentation was performed using commercially available software. The volumes and densities of the extraocular muscles (EOMs), intraorbital fat, and lacrimal gland were measured. CT parameters were compared among the control, active TED, and inactive TED groups. Patients were further classified into two subgroups based on disease severity: mild TED and moderate to severe TED, and CT parameters were compared in each severity subgroup. Patients with active TED showed significantly higher thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin levels than patients with inactive TED (p < 0.001). Orbital CT analysis revealed that the EOM volume was significantly larger in the active TED than in the inactive TED and control groups (p < 0.001). Additionally, intraorbital fat density was higher in patients with active TED (p < 0.001), whereas intraorbital fat volume and EOM density showed no significant differences between the groups. Lacrimal gland parameters did not differ significantly between the groups. Subgroup analysis based on TED severity also indicated that EOM volumes were larger and intraorbital fat densities were higher in the active TED than in the inactive TED (all p < 0.05). Orbital CT revealed significant differences in EOM volume and intraorbital fat density between patients with active and inactive TED. These findings suggest that quantitative CT analysis may be useful for assessing TED activity.
The development of fluorescent probes with large Stokes' shifts and high sensitivity remains a critical objective in chemical sensing and bioimaging. In this study, we report the design, synthesis, and comprehensive photophysical characterization of a novel regioisomeric bis(2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole) scaffold, bis(HBO) 3, expanding the limited family of ESIPT-enabled bis(HBO) systems. This newly developed probe integrates two HBO units within a distinct C2'-symmetric framework, enabling systematic investigation of regio-effects on excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) behavior and analyte responsiveness. Photophysical studies reveal that bis(HBO) 3 exhibits characteristic ESIPT-driven emission with a large Stokes' shift (Δλ ≈ 160-180 nm) and solvent-independent fluorescence centered around λem ≈ 530 nm. In-depth spectroscopic analysis, including low-temperature fluorescence measurements, demonstrates the presence of multiple emissive keto rotamers, providing insight into the role of conformational dynamics in modulating emission behavior. Compared with previously reported bis(HBO) analogues 1 and 2, bis(HBO) 3 displays distinct emission features due to a pronounced regio-effect. Bis(HBO) 3 exhibited selective responsiveness toward several chemical analytes. The probe shows high stability under acidic conditions but undergoes deprotonation in the presence of strong bases and certain metal ions, particularly Cu(II), Ni(II) and Fe(II), resulting in pronounced spectral changes. Notably, bis(HBO) 3 exhibits a distinct and sensitive response toward fluoride anions, characterized by the emergence of a new absorption band (~ 415 nm) and a blue-shifted emission (~ 485 nm). Quantitative analysis using the Benesi-Hildebrand method confirms a 1:1 binding stoichiometry with moderate binding affinity, distinguishing its sensing behavior from previously reported bis(HBO) systems that exhibit 1:2 binding stoichiometry. Overall, this work summarizes bis(HBO) 3 as a unique ESIPT-based fluorescent skeleton and highlights the critical role of molecular symmetry and regio-effects in governing photophysical and sensing properties.
Wrist osteoarthritis leads to pain and functional impairment. Despite conservative treatment options, surgery remains a central therapeutic component. In Germany, the number of patients rose from over 472,000 cases in 2018 to more than 580,000 in 2024. This review examines the most common surgical treatment approaches, focusing on Proximal Row Carpectomy (PRC) and Four-Corner Fusion (4CF), discussing indications, contraindications and potential complications. A systematic and narrative literature review was conducted on treatment options for wrist osteoarthritis. The systematic review focusing on PRC and 4CF followed PRISMA guidelines and included searches in PubMed, Cochrane and Embase. Included were RCTs, systematic reviews and meta-analyses from January 2010 to May 2025 that compared both procedures in terms of pain, range of motion, grip strength, function, complication rates and reoperation rates. Eight studies were included. Both procedures significantly reduced pain and improved function. PRC showed advantages in range of motion and lower complication rates, while 4CF was associated with higher grip strength. Partial arthrodesis (e.g., scaphotrapeziotrapezoid (STT) arthrodesis or radioscapholunate (RSL)) arthrodesis may be selectively used but are linked to higher nonunion rates. Total wrist arthrodesis or wrist arthroplasty may be considered in case of contraindications and individual situations. PRC and 4CF are established motion-preserving procedures for wrist osteoarthritis, providing reliable pain relief and functional improvement, with current evidence favoring PRC in terms of range of motion and complication profile. Given the absence of high-quality comparative trials, procedure selection should be individualized, balancing disease severity, carpal stability requirements, and patient-specific functional demands.
Tetradium ruticarpum is a commonly used medicinal herb in China that has been widely applied to alleviate clinical symptoms such as abdominal distension, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. In the present study, total alkaloids were prepared from Tetradium ruticarpum by hydrochloric acid extraction. From these total alkaloids, 34 alkaloids were isolated and determined by detailed analysis of NMR, HRESIMS, and ECD spectroscopic data, among which eight alkaloids were previously undescribed compounds (1-8). Notably, compound 1 represents a rare plant-derived alkaloid skeleton, featuring a unique structure consisting of a quinazolin-4(3H)-one moiety and a 3'-hydroxy-2'-oxoindoline moiety linked via C-2 and C-3'. The antiproliferative activity of all isolated compounds were evaluated and primary structure-activity relationships (SARs) were further clarified. Furthermore, plausible biosynthetic pathways for compound 1 were proposed. Preliminary antitumor screening indicated that the new compound 6, together with several known alkaloids (compounds 12, 14, and 18-21) displayed promising anti-colorectal cancer activity. Furthermore, we validated that the anti-colorectal cancer activity of the new compound 6 was associated with the induction of ferroptosis. Collectively, these findings support compound 6 as a valuable candidate worthy of further development as an antitumor agent.
The increasing use of computed tomography (CT) in feline medicine necessitates the optimization of radiation protocols to adhere to ALARA principles. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the impact of patient positioning dorsoventral (DV) versus ventrodorsal (VD) on radiation doses absorbed by the ocular lenses and the thyroid gland during feline cranial CT. Seventy cats were divided into two equal groups (DV, n = 35; VD, n = 35). Radiation doses were measured using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100) placed at the anatomical projections of the target organs. While no statistically significant difference was observed in ocular lens doses between the groups (p > 0.05), VD positioning resulted in a 24.4% reduction in the mean radiation dose absorbed by the thyroid gland compared to the DV position (1.33 ± 0.17 mGy vs. 1.76 ± 0.35 mGy, respectively; p = 4.97 × 10⁻⁹). This reduction is attributed to the "natural shielding" effect provided by the dorsal axial skeleton and epaxial muscles in the VD position. VD positioning offers a significant dosimetric advantage for protecting the thyroid gland without requiring additional equipment or compromising diagnostic quality. Adopting the VD position as a routine standard in feline cranial CT is recommended to minimize radiation exposure to the thyroid gland.