We examine a supply chain comprising a capital-constrained retailer, a supplier, and a bank. The retailer adopts inventory-based financing with bounded advance rates (IBF-B) to procure products through wholesale price contracts offered by the supplier. The bank is viewed as a strategic decision-maker with market power over the retailer when designing a loan menu that includes interest rates and inventory advance rates. By analyzing how inventory advance rates influence the retailer's financing decisions, we derive upper and lower bounds for these rates to balance profitability and credit risk. Furthermore, we explore the interplay between the loan menu and wholesale price contracts. For the retailer intending to borrow up to the loan limit, the highest feasible wholesale price is offered if the supplier can obtain more profits, while the bank consistently charges the highest feasible interest rate. The upper bound of inventory advance rates is offered only when it yields a positive margin; otherwise, the interior advance rate within medium range is preferred. Numerical results illustrate the value of IBF-B, the motivations of all participants, and the impact of key economic parameters on financing decisions and supply chain performance.
Exposure to branded cigarette packaging in retail settings has been shown to be associated with purchasing behavior, but the mechanisms underlying this effect are unclear. This study tested whether cigarette craving and perceived health harms mediate the effect of branded packaging on cigarette purchasing in a simulated retail environment. Young adults aged 21-34 who currently smoke cigarettes (n = 290) completed an experimental shopping task in the RAND StoreLab, a life-sized replica of a convenience store. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: (1) branding present, in which branded cigarette packages were displayed; and (2) branding absent condition, in which branded elements were removed and packages were standardized in a brown-green color and uniform text. Cigarette purchases were recorded, and participants completed post-shopping measures of cigarette craving and perceived health harms. Causal effect decomposition analyses were used to assess whether these variables mediated the effect of study condition on the likelihood of purchasing cigarettes. Craving, but not perceived health harms, partially mediated the effect of branded packaging on cigarette purchasing. Exposure to branded packs increased the likelihood of purchasing by elevating craving (average mediated effect = 2.4%, 95% CI 0.2% - 5.0%, p = .03). Branded cigarette packaging appears to increase cigarette purchasing at least in part by increasing cigarette craving at point of sale. Interventions that address craving management in retail settings (e.g., just-in-time interventions, prn nicotine replacement therapy) may help mitigate the impact of branding on young adults' cigarette purchasing.
Smallholder farmers in Uganda are commonly exposed to high levels of pesticides. Improper handling of these chemicals can cause numerous health risks. Hence, this study assessed the knowledge and risk perception of pesticide exposure among smallholder farmers of Sembabule district, Uganda. A cross-sectional study among 278 smallholder farmers was conducted, using a researcher administered questionnaire. Participants were selected using systematic sampling with an interval of each 8th household. A generalized linear model with modified Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (Cls) for factors associated with low-risk perception of pesticide exposure, including sociodemographic and knowledge related-variables were adjusted for in the multivariable model. Overall, 66.19% (184/278) of the participants had poor knowledge of pesticide exposure, and 54.68% (152/278) had a low-risk perception of pesticide exposure. Low-risk perception of pesticide exposure was associated with lack of concern about negative impacts of pesticide exposure [Adjusted Prevalence Ratio, aPR = 4.96, 95% Cl: 2.13-11.56] and with the perception that pesticides do not affect the environment [aPR = 1.85, 95% Cl:1.22-2.81]. Smallholder farmers had low-risk perception of pesticide exposure. This underscores the need for national farmer-trainings by agricultural extension workers on safe pesticide use, and improvement of existent government pesticide sale regulations.
This study examined how a rape victim's involvement in sex work shapes perceptions of sexual victimization in Israel, where the purchase of sexual services is prohibited while their sale is legal. Participants were 455 undergraduate students who read a vignette describing the rape of a young female student, depicted either as a sex worker or with no mention of sex work. Overall, perpetrator blame was high, victim blaming was low, and support for severe punishment of the perpetrator was strong across conditions. However, identifying the victim as a sex worker was associated with higher victim blame and shared blame, greater negative emotional responses, and greater support for lenient punishment of the perpetrator, particularly among male participants. Regression analyses indicated that negative emotional responses toward the victim were consistently associated with moral judgments of blame and perpetrator punishment, independent of the victim's sex work status and participants' sex. The findings demonstrate that stigma operates through both cognitive and affective pathways, producing conditional recognition of victimhood and moral exclusion of sex working victims. The results underscore the social and legal implications of stigmatization for victims of sexual violence and highlight the need for interventions that address emotional as well as cognitive dimensions of rape myth acceptance.
Blueberries are susceptible to fungal infection that may lead to mycotoxin contamination. Accurate identification of mycotoxin-producing fungi in blueberries is critical, as processed products derived from mould-contaminated fruits pose significant health risks due to the persistence of mycotoxins. However, classifying fungal diseases in blueberries remains challenging because infections beneath the dark-coloured epidermis are often visually undetectable. Near-infra-red (NIR) spectroscopy presents a promising alternative, as it exhibits distinct absorption characteristics for different fungal pathogens and enables non-contact measurement. This study investigates the use of NIR spectra to classify diseases caused by three mycotoxin-producing fungi: Alternaria alternata, Fusarium fujikuroi, and Penicillium expansum. Blueberry samples were individually inoculated with one of these pathogens or maintained as non-inoculated controls. NIR spectra collected from fruits across two independent harvests were analysed 1-6 days post-inoculation. To address the classification challenge with limited data, this study proposes an enhanced prototypical network to classify blueberry fungal infections, training on the first harvest and validating on the second harvest. A customised convolutional neural network with spatial attention improves feature extraction, while data normalisation and MetaMix augmentation enhance model performance. Through stratified cross-validation, the five-class classifier with 18-shot prototypes achieved an average accuracy of 97.9%, sensitivity of 97.9%, specificity of 99.5%, precision of 98.1% and F1-score of 97.9%. These findings highlight the potential of NIR spectroscopy combined with prototype-based learning for early detection of mycotoxin risks in blueberries.
To identify the marketing strategies employed on the Mexican websites of the International Food and Beverage Alliance (IFBA) members and to evaluate whether these strategies appealed to children or adolescents. Additionally, we assessed the healthiness of marketed products using the Mexican Nutrient Profile Model (NPM) and the use of the Covid-19 pandemic as a marketing strategy. We conducted a content analysis of IFBA website members (including brands, foods, and beverages) during the Covid-19 lockdown in Mexico. The Mexican NPM was used to determine whether a product can be advertised to children. Codes (e.g., face masks, shields) were designed to determine whether a website used Covid-19 as a marketing strategy. 269 websites were analyzed. 95% had a link to social media, 74% used a social responsibility/philanthropy strategy, 60% appealed to children, 32% to adolescents, and 28% used a Covid-19 strategy. Furthermore, 89% of the products marketed were determined unhealthy according to the NPM. During the Covid-19 pandemic, IFBA websites marketed their products to Mexican children and adolescents by using links to social media, philanthropy strategies, and adopting the pandemic as a marketing strategy, which contradicts IFBA's food marketing self-regulations. Evidence-based mandatory regulations should be reinforced.
The examination of the Fellowship of the College of Diagnostic Radiologists South Africa (FC Rad Diag [SA]), conducted by the Colleges of Medicine of South Africa (CMSA), is the national exit examination for qualification as a radiology specialist. There is limited published evidence on South African pass rates and factors influencing success in the FC Rad Diag (SA) Part 2 examination. This study aimed to determine the pass rate and factors associated with success in the FC Rad Diag (SA) Part 2 examination. A descriptive quantitative study was conducted using CMSA examination data from 2015 to 2023. Descriptive and inferential analyses were used to assess associations between candidate characteristics and examination outcomes. A total of 377 candidates sat in the examination, with an overall pass rate of 85.7% (323/377). Candidates who failed were older (median age 42 years old [37-47 years] vs. 35 years old [33-38 years]; p < 0.001). Higher pass rates were observed among candidates in registrar training posts compared with medical officers (80.2% [259/323] vs. 19.8% [64/323]; p < 0.001). Successful candidates had more recently completed their Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBCh /MBChB) (median 11 [9-13] vs. 14.5 [12-17] years; p < 0.001) and Part 1 examinations (4 years [3-5 years] vs 5 years [4-6 years]; p < 0.001). They also had fewer examination attempts (median 1 [1-2] vs. 3.5 [2-5]; p < 0.001). Success in the FC Rad Diag (SA) Part 2 examination is influenced by multiple candidate-related factors. Targeted academic support programmes should focus on candidates at higher risk of failure, particularly those outside formal registrar posts and those with multiple examination attempts, to improve equity and overall specialist throughput nationally.
This study investigated the effects of ultrasound (US, 300 W, 20 kHz, 20 min) and electrostatic field (EF, 3.5 kV/cm, 60 min) combined with ε-polylysine (PL, 0.5%, w/w) on the quality of ready-to-eat pork jelly (Shuijingyaorou, SJYR) during 40-day storage at 4 °C. Physicochemical properties such as lipid oxidation, total plate count, texture, flavor, and moisture distribution were evaluated. The results showed that the combined treatment (US + EF + ε-polylysine) exhibited the strongest preservation effect for SJYR, significantly inhibiting lipid oxidation, protein degradation, pH increase, and microbial growth, meanwhile maintaining texture and flavor of SJYR, resulting in the shelf-life extended approximately 10 days compared with the blank control group. Furthermore, four convolutional neural network (CNN) models including Xception, ResNet-50, MobileNet, and GhostNet were developed for SJYR freshness classification. Xception model achieved the highest test accuracy (83.05% mean precision), while GhostNet model showed promising accuracy (77.48%) with lower computational cost, making it suitable for mobile applications. This study provides a feasible strategy for improving SJYR shelf-life and rapid freshness identification.
Tobacco advertising and promotion remain major drivers of tobacco use, particularly at points of sale (PoS). Ethiopia has enacted comprehensive tobacco control laws, including bans on TAPS at PoS. However, little is known about how these laws are implemented, monitored, and enforced in practice. This study explored the facilitators and barriers to implementing, monitoring compliance with, and enforcing TAPS laws at PoS in Ethiopia. Qualitative interviews with 41 key informants were conducted between December 2022 and January 2023 across 10 purposively selected cities. Participants included policy implementers and stakeholders from government agencies, civil society organizations (CSOs), and international partners. Participants were purposively selected from national and sub-national actors involved in tobacco control, including government agencies (MoH, EFDA, Ministry of Trade, regional health and trade authorities, regulatory bodies, and research institutions) and non-governmental stakeholders (WHO Ethiopia, professional associations, and CSOs). Semi-structured interview guides were developed and administered in local languages. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, translated into English, and analyzed thematically using ATLAS.ti software. Key facilitators included strong tobacco control laws (Proclamation No. 1112/2019), federal-level political commitment, and the national tobacco control committee (NTCC). Barriers included the absence of EFDA structures at lower administrative levels, a lack of regionally adapted tobacco control laws, limited dedicated tobacco control departments, unclear enforcement mandates, advertisement of illicit tobacco products, not being a prioritized agenda, low awareness among non-health departments and retailers, tobacco industry interference, and, in some areas, a culture that normalizes tobacco smoking. Strong legislation banning 100% of TAPS and the presence of a national tobacco control committee support implementation; however, enforcement remains limited by structural, operational, and socio-cultural challenges. Enhancing compliance requires strengthening regional regulations, establishing clear institutional frameworks, raising stakeholder awareness about the tactics of the tobacco industry, and ensuring adequate allocation of human and financial resources, particularly in regions with a high prevalence of illicit tobacco products, to achieve the intended public health impact of TAPS laws in Ethiopia.
Dark leadership (DL) is increasingly discussed in hospitality research, yet its implications for employee innovation (EI) remain theoretically ambiguous. Rather than assuming that DL uniformly suppresses innovation, this study develops a dual-path stress appraisal model to explain how DL is associated with both challenge stress (CS) and hindrance stress (HS), which have opposing associations with EI. Drawing primarily on the challenge-hindrance stress framework, and supported by social exchange theory and the resource-based view, we further examine psychological capital (PsyCap) as a boundary condition that shapes these appraisal processes. Cross-sectional survey data from 385 employees working in hotels and accommodation businesses in China's Yangtze River Delta were analyzed using structural equation modeling, bootstrapped tests of indirect effects, and interaction analyses. DL was positively associated with both CS and HS and negatively associated with EI. CS was positively associated with EI, whereas HS was negatively associated with EI, indicating two competing stress-appraisal pathways. PsyCap strengthened the DL-CS relationship and weakened the DL-HS relationship, but did not significantly moderate the DL-EI relationship. These findings refine the assumption that DL is purely detrimental by showing that its innovation-related associations depend partly on how employees appraise DL-related demands. For hotel managers, the study suggests that reducing destructive leadership remains essential, while stress-appraisal management and PsyCap development may help employees sustain innovation under demanding service conditions.
Polysaccharide modulation is an effective strategy for tailoring the texture and stability of plant-based fat substitutes. This study investigated the modulatory effects of κ-carrageenan, konjac gum, and pullulan at three mass ratios (emulsion:polysaccharide = 5:1, 4:1, 3:1) on the stabilization of Pickering emulsion gels containing potato-soy protein composite nanoparticles. The results indicated that the modulatory effects were dependent on the type of polysaccharide. The pullulan group (3,1) imparted the smallest oil droplet size and optimal freeze-thaw stability to the emulsion; its gel water retention and oil retention reached 98.51% and 99.52%, respectively, with the best elasticity and cohesiveness. The κ-carrageenan group (3,1) maximized gel hardness and storage modulus, forming the network with the highest mechanical strength; konjac gum exhibited effects intermediate between the two. Mechanistically, polysaccharides act as physical fillers that synergize with proteins through steric exclusion and hydrogen bonding, promoting an increase in the content of α-helices and β-sheets; Raman spectroscopy confirmed the absence of covalent cross-linking. The dense, uniform network effectively converts free water into non-free water, reducing water mobility. This study elucidates the structure-property relationship between polysaccharide molecular characteristics and gel network configuration, providing a theoretical basis for designing plant-based fat substitutes with adjustable texture and controllable stability.
This article explores the expansion of public-private partnerships in the Colombian healthcare system, focusing on the institutional mechanisms of healthcare policies that facilitate private sector participation in service provision and resource management. The study analyzes the legal and political reforms that have driven these partnerships, as well as the disputes between public and private actors over the approach and functioning of the healthcare system. The study seeks to understand how these types of alliances have impacted health management, access, and service provision. A case study was conducted with a thematic analysis of official documents, Constitutional Court rulings, and press releases, complemented by a critical review of the specialized literature. The findings indicate that institutional mechanisms have favored the consolidation of the private sector, facilitating its access to financial resources and the formation of strategic networks to legitimize the business perspective in health. Este artículo indaga por la expansión de las alianzas público-privadas en el sistema de salud colombiano, enfocándose en los dispositivos institucionales de las políticas sanitarias que facilitan la participación del sector privado en la prestación de servicios y la gestión de recursos. Se analizan las reformas legales y políticas que han impulsado estas alianzas, así como las disputas entre actores públicos y privados por el enfoque y funcionamiento del sistema de salud. El estudio busca entender cómo este tipo de alianzas ha impactado la gestión de la salud, el acceso y la provisión de los servicios. Se realizó un estudio de caso con análisis temático de documentos oficiales, sentencias de la Corte Constitucional y notas de prensa, complementados con una revisión crítica de la literatura especializada. Los hallazgos indican que los mecanismos institucionales han favorecido la consolidación del sector privado, facilitando su acceso a recursos financieros y la formación de redes estratégicas para legitimar la perspectiva empresarial en la salud. Este artigo investiga a expansão das parcerias público-privadas no sistema de saúde colombiano, com foco nos dispositivos institucionais das políticas de saúde que facilitam a participação do setor privado na prestação de serviços e na gestão de recursos. São analisadas as reformas legais e políticas que impulsionaram essas parcerias, bem como as disputas entre atores públicos e privados em relação ao enfoque e ao funcionamento do sistema de saúde. A pesquisa busca compreender como esse tipo de aliança tem impactado a gestão da saúde, o acesso e a prestação de serviços. Foi realizado um estudo de caso com análise temática de documentos oficiais, decisões do Tribunal Constitucional e notas de imprensa, complementado por uma revisão crítica da literatura especializada. Os resultados indicam que os mecanismos institucionais favoreceram a consolidação do setor privado, facilitando seu acesso a recursos financeiros e a formação de redes estratégicas para legitimar a perspectiva empresarial na saúde.
To evaluate the potential of Nutri-Score to identify foods unsuitable for marketing to children by assessing its agreement with two established nutrient profiling models: WHO-EURO 2023 and the Norwegian Regulation on Marketing (NORMA). Further, we explored the impact of additional criteria to improve agreement. Addition, we evaluated the agreement between a modified Nutri-Score, the «NewTools-score», and WHO-EURO 2023 and NORMA. Products from the Norwegian food composition table (N = 1,944) were used to explore scenarios for Nutri-Score (and NewTools-score) against WHO-EURO and NORMA. The scenarios were: 1) All products scoring C-E not permitted for marketing, 2) Same as scenario 1, but with additional criteria for trans fatty acids, non-sugar sweeteners (NSS), and added sugar for beverages. For NORMA, a third scenario was tested as an extension of scenario 2, additionally banning selected food categories from marketing. Agreement was assessed through cross classification. Under scenario 1, 53% of products were classified as Nutri-Score C-E, and 47% and 23% not permitted for marketing under WHO-EURO and NORMA, respectively. Overall agreement between Nutri-Score C-E and WHO-EURO was 84%, and 66% with NORMA. However, Nutri-Score allowed some products within unhealthy food categories, e.g., ice creams with NSS. Applying additional criteria in scenarios 2 and 3 had important effects on banning such products. Results for the NewTools-score were almost identical. The Nutri-Score and the NewTools-score may be used for identifying a high proportion of products unsuitable for marketing to children. However, some additional criteria, including a complete ban from marketing in selected food categories, seems warranted to better protect children from exposure to marketing of unhealthy products.
Children undergoing intravenous procedures often experience substantial fear and discomfort, which can make these procedures more difficult to perform. This study examined whether virtual reality could serve as a supportive technology during pediatric intravenous procedures. A randomized, parallel-group design was used with 50 children assigned to either a virtual reality group or a comparison group. Pain and fear were assessed using self-report measures, and physiological responses were evaluated using heart rate variability, heart rate, and blood pressure indicators. Children in the virtual reality group reported significantly lower fear than those in the comparison group, whereas pain scores did not differ significantly between groups. The virtual reality group also showed significant differences in heart rate variability-related indices, suggesting a less pronounced sympathetic-dominant autonomic pattern, which may be clinically meaningful in the context of lower fear during intravenous procedures. These findings support the potential role of VR as a supportive technology in pediatric nursing care during intravenous procedures.
The post-pandemic surge in adult ADHD presentations has intensified a question that categorical diagnosis tends to foreclose: What do autism, ADHD, and PTSD share at the level of developmental organization? This paper offers a conceptual analysis of sensory processing differences as a transdiagnostic mechanism linking these three conditions, examined through a neuropsychoanalytic lens. Drawing on current empirical literature and the French psychosomatic tradition, we explore how the sensory modalities most consistently implicated across all three (auditory, tactile, and vestibular) are precisely those that achieve functional maturity in utero, rendering their organization vulnerable to the quality of the prenatal sensory environment. Maternal prenatal stress, mediated through HPA axis activation and epigenetic programming of the NR3C1 glucocorticoid receptor gene, constitutes one documented pathway through which this vulnerability may be established. We further examine how Bydlowski's concept of psychic transparency during pregnancy, in which the usual defenses against unconscious material are lowered and archaic, unprocessed material resurfaces, may provide a psychoanalytic account of intergenerational beta element transmission, whose somatic correlate is the molecular inscription documented by prenatal stress research. The self-soothing and self-regulatory behaviors observed across these three populations are reconsidered not as symptoms to be eliminated but as proto-alpha mechanisms: bodily attempts at psychic organization where adequate containment has been unavailable. Clinical and research implications of this conceptual framework are discussed.
Tax reforms in emerging economies are increasingly being conceptualized as a tool of behavioral governance as opposed to being a tool of fiscal restructuring. This empirical research undertakes the behavioral implications of the GST 2.0 slab rationalization on voluntary tax compliance among Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) that are engaged in the automotive market of India. Drawing on an integrated theoretical construct incorporating the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB Theory), Tax Morale Theory (TM Theory), and the Slippery Slope Framework (SSF), the current research incorporates a mechanism-based model that outlines the extent to which cognitive appraisals, intrinsic moral motivation, and institutional trust all have an impact on compliance behavior. The survey data collected among the key stakeholders of MSMEs located in the main automotive industrial belts of Tamil Nadu, and analyzed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) were used as empirical evidence. Findings suggest that positive attitudes and perceived social norms are not sufficient to reflect into voluntary compliance but instead, perceived behavioral control is the most salient antecedent, and Tax Morale is a pivotal mediating construct. Furthermore, Trust in tax authorities strengthens the relationship between subjective norms and tax morale, highlighting the importance of institutional credibility in shaping voluntary compliance behavior. Overall, the findings suggest that perceived capability, intrinsic moral motivation, and institutional trust jointly influence compliance behavior under GST 2.0. The study contributes to behavioral taxation literature by integrating cognitive, moral, and institutional perspectives within a unified framework and offers practical implications for designing trust-based tax reforms in emerging economies.
Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular complications (CVCs), yet the contribution of socioeconomic and behavioral risk factors to CVC development in Zambia is poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the association between socioeconomic status (SES), lifestyle behaviors, and CVCs among hypertensive patients at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) in Lusaka, Zambia. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from 384 medical records of hypertensive adults aged ≥ 18 years at UTH. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, SES, behavioral factors (salt intake, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity), and presence of CVCs (e.g., heart failure, left ventricular hypertrophy) were extracted. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed, and due to evidence of quasi-complete separation, Firth's penalized logistic regression was applied to improve estimate stability. Increasing age was significantly associated with higher odds of CVCs (aOR = 1.097, p < 0.001). Male sex was not significantly associated with CVCs after adjustment (aOR = 1.76, p = 0.24). Low SES was associated with higher odds of CVCs (aOR = 4.09, p = 0.05), although this was borderline significant. Smoking (aOR = 3.09, p = 0.04) and alcohol intake (aOR = 1.13, p = 0.002) were significantly associated with increased odds, while physical activity was strongly protective (aOR = 0.08, p < 0.001). Socioeconomic and behavioral factors were associated with the manifestation of CVCs in hypertensive patients. Older age was associated with increased odds of CVCs. Smoking and alcohol use were significant behavioral risk factors, while low SES showed a borderline association. Higher education and physical activity were protective. Public health interventions must integrate targeted lifestyle modification and address socioeconomic disparities to mitigate cardiovascular risk.
Prenatal cannabis use is on the rise, and observational studies suggest that such use results in neurodevelopmental deficits in the offspring. Because observational studies can be confounded by unaccounted factors, we studied the neurodevelopmental consequences, at the molecular level, of prenatal cannabis use. We applied an integrated multi-omics approach, combining transcriptomics and global proteomics, to first trimester (T1) and second trimester (T2) human fetal brains from pregnancies with and without documented maternal cannabis exposure and no use of drugs of abuse. Prenatal cannabis exposure produced minimal molecular effects in female T1 fetal brains but induced pronounced system-level disruption in male T2 fetal brains. These disrupted pathways have molecular signatures linked to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia-related pathology, and disorders of cortical connectivity, raising significant concerns of prenatal cannabis use.
The objective of this study is to assess whether selected public Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) archive series contain archive-observable equipment-identity and Unique Device Identification (UDI)-related metadata needed for a bounded UDI-DICOM evidence-readiness workflow. We performed a metadata-only audit of DICOM headers without loading Pixel Data. The inferential unit was the selected public series, not each instance. The primary Imaging Data Commons (IDC) sample used one selected public series per successful collection, yielding 442 readable instances across 12 selected series. A supplementary sample from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) added one selected TCGA-BRCA MR series with 49 readable instances. Synthetic controls, local Orthanc/DICOMweb metadata retrieval, and a Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) publication view tested covered software routes. At the selected-series level, a covered standard UDI-related signal was observed in 0/12 IDC series and 0/1 TCIA series. Within scanned records, manufacturer/model appeared in 442/442 IDC and 49/49 TCIA records; serial number appeared in 246/442 IDC and 0/49 TCIA records. Unique Device Identifier, UDI Sequence, and contributing-equipment UDI signal were 0/442 in IDC and 0/49 in TCIA. Synthetic controls detected covered UDI patterns; Orthanc/FHIR local round-trips passed. Basic equipment descriptors were available in selected public archive series, but no covered standard UDI-related signal was observed in the covered standard fields and sequence paths. The result is descriptive and may reflect de-identification, export, curation, or acquisition-era effects; it is not clinical, regulatory, real-device, or deployment validation.
Amidst the tide of the rapid development of digital public health, digital technology has become a core tool driving university students to address social pain points such as health inequality and engage in social innovation. Based on social innovation theory, this study constructs a multiple mediation model of "digital technology application--digital health practice literacy--psychological capital--social entrepreneurial intention," aiming to explore the internal capability and psychological transmission pathways through which digital technology empowerment influences university students' social entrepreneurial intention. Using questionnaire data from 276 students and structural equation modeling with Bootstrap testing, results indicate: (1) digital technology directly enhances social entrepreneurial intention; (2) both digital health practice literacy and psychological capital independently mediate this relationship; and (3) a sequential pathway exists whereby digital health practice literacy strengthens psychological capital, further reinforcing entrepreneurial intention. This study clarifies the dual "capability-mindset" mechanism of digital empowerment, extends research on digital health-driven social innovation, and provides actionable insights for universities to cultivate digitally proficient, psychologically resilient social entrepreneurs.