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ABSTRACT This paper investigates the press's role as a monitor or “watchdog” for accounting fraud. I find that the press fulfills this role by rebroadcasting information from other information intermediaries (analysts, auditors, and lawsuits) and by undertaking original investigation and analysis. Articles based on original analysis provide new information to the markets while those that rebroadcast allegations from other intermediaries do not. Consistent with a dual role for the press, I find that business‐oriented press is more likely to undertake original analysis while nonbusiness periodicals focus primarily on rebroadcasting. I also investigate the determinates of press coverage, finding systematic biases in the types of firms and frauds for which articles are published. In general, the press covers firms and frauds that will be of interest to a broad set of readers and situations that are lower cost to identify and investigate.

Endothelin releases prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 from guinea pig or rat isolated lungs and endothelium-derived relaxing factor in the perfused mesentery of the rat. Endothelin is also substantially removed by the pulmonary circulation of the rat in vitro and in vivo and by guinea pig lungs in vitro. In the rat, the effects of endothelin on the blood pressure vary from pressor (in pithed rats) to purely depressor in anesthetized rats where the resting blood pressure is high. It therefore has the characteristics of a local pressor hormone, rather than a circulating one.

The present study was designed to ascertain sequentially the pressor response to angiotensin II in young primigravid patients throughout pregnancy in order a) to define when in pregnancy resistance to the pressor effects of angiotensin II develops; b) to define the physiologic sequence of events leading to this resistance; and c) to ascertain whether sensitivity to infused angiotensin II could be detected before the onset of clinical signs of pregnancy-induced hypertension. With this prospective approach, two separate groups of patients were defined. The first group of patients remained normal throughout pregnancy. The second group consisted of those patients who, while clinically normotensive during the initial phase of the study, ultimately developed hypertension of pregnancy.192 patients were studied; of these, 120 patients remained normotensive and 72 developed pregnancy-induced hypertension. In both groups, vascular resistance to infused angiotensin II (more than 8 ng/kg/min required to elicit a pressor response of 20 mm Hg in diastolic pressure) was demonstrated as early as the 10th wk of pregnancy. In the group that remained normotensive, maximum mean vascular resistance occurred at 18-30 wk of pregnancy, (mean pressor dose required being 13.5 to 14.9 ng/kg/min). In those subjects who developed pregnancy-induced hypertension, the mean maximum dose required was 12.9 ng/kg/min, which was observed at the 18th wk of pregnancy. By the 22nd wk there was a clear separation of the two groups, with the mean dose requirement of the subjects destined to develop hypertension being progressively less than that of those who remained normal. The difference between the two groups became significant (P < 0.01) by 23-26 wk of pregnancy. Among patients requiring more than 8 ng/kg/min on one or more tests done between wk 28-32, 91% remained normotensive. Conversely, during the same time period among patients requiring less than 8 ng/kg/min, on at least one occasion, 90% developed pregnancy-induced hypertension.

ABSTRACT This paper investigates whether the business press serves as an information intermediary. The press potentially shapes firms' information environments by packaging and disseminating information, as well as by creating new information through journalism activities. We find that greater press coverage reduces information asymmetry (i.e., lower spreads and greater depth) around earnings announcements, with broad dissemination of information having a bigger impact than the quantity or quality of press‐generated information. These results are robust to controlling for firm‐initiated disclosures, market reactions to the announcement, and other information intermediaries. Our findings suggest that the press helps reduce information problems around earnings announcements.

Although power is often conceptualized as the capacity to influence others, the current research explores whether power psychologically protects people from influence. In contrast to classic social psychological research demonstrating the strength of the situation in directing attitudes, expressions, and intentions, 5 experiments (using experiential primes, semantic primes, and role manipulations of power) demonstrate that the powerful (a) generate creative ideas that are less influenced by salient examples, (b) express attitudes that conform less to the expressed opinions of others, (c) are more influenced by their own social value orientation relative to the reputation of a negotiating opponent, and (d) perceive greater choice in making counterattitudinal statements. This last experiment illustrates that power is not always psychologically liberating; it can create internal conflict, arousing dissonance, and thereby lead to attitude change. Across the experiments, high-power participants were immune to the typical press of situations, with intrapsychic processes having greater sway than situational or interpersonal ones on their creative and attitudinal expressions.

1. In anaesthetized cats tetanic contraction of the hind-limb muscles, elicited by stimulating the ventral roots L6-S1, caused a rise of arterial blood pressure, usually accompanied by small increases in heart rate and pulmonary ventilation: in decerebrate cats, all components of the response were much increased.2. With tetani of different strengths, obtained by stimulating with different intensities at the same frequency, the pressor response increased with increasing tension.3. When muscle contraction had been abolished by gallamine, or when dorsal roots L6-S1 had been sectioned, ventral root stimulation no longer caused a pressor response. The response is therefore a reflex, initiated in the exercising limb.4. The pressor response was not affected by section of all articular nerves to knee and ankle joints, or by section of the vagi. The stimulus therefore originates in the contracting muscles alone.5. The pressor response is potentiated by occluding the circulation through the working muscles. Reasons are discussed for concluding that the stimulus is chemical rather than mechanical, and that the ;metabolic receptors' for this exercise reflex are the free endings of group III and IV sensory nerve fibres located around the blood vessels.

Journal Article Four Theories of the Press: The Authoritarian, Libertarian, Social Responsibility, and Soviet Communist Concepts of What the Press Should Be and Do Get access Four Theories of the Press: The Authoritarian, Libertarian, Social Responsibility, and Soviet Communist Concepts of What the Press Should Be and Do. By Fred S. Siebert and others. Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 1956. 153 pp. Bibliog. $3.50. B. K. B. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 33, Issue 4, October 1957, Page 464, https://doi.org/10.2307/2606845 Published: 01 October 1957

Hilaire Belloc, a great English essayist of the 20th century, takes an uncompromising look at the forces working against the freedom of the press. Targeting financial and political influences, along with the influence of advertising, Belloc exposes the powers and motives responsible for the suppression of news and the manufacturing of opinion. Neither pie-in-the-sky idealism nor an irrational conspiracy theory, The Free Press is a rationally argued essay explaining the origins of those influences and factors that make the press less than what it should be honest: fair, and independent. This is a topical work written almost a century ago. Times have changed, but the situation has gone from bad to worse, and thus this work is even more relevant today. This book will be of interest to anyone, particularly the student of journalism and its history, who is curious about the rise of the major papers and media networks, and about the forces both overt and semi-covert working to shape what is reported and which opinions are sanctioned.

This two-part study begins with a rhetorical analysis of the genre of earnings press releases. Then, a quantitative analysis uses capital markets data to assess the investor impact of tone and other stylistic attributes. The genre analysis explores the regulatory context, structural attributes, and dual informational-promotional role of earnings press releases, using individual releases as illustrations. The quantitative analysis explores the relation between the stock market reaction to earnings press releases and quantitative measures of style developed using elementary computer-based content analysis of a corpus of releases. Results suggest that tone influences investors' reactions. An explanation for this result is provided by prospect theory, which predicts that framing financial performance in positive terms causes investors to think about the results in terms of increases relative to reference points. Results also suggest that longer press releases reduce the market impact of unexpected earnings.

We estimate the impact of press coverage on citizen knowledge, politicians' actions, and policy. We find that voters living in areas where, for exogenous reasons, the press covers their U.S. House representative less are less likely to recall their representative's name and less able to describe and rate him or her. Congressmen who are less covered by the local press work less for their constituencies: they are less likely to stand witness before congressional hearings, to serve on constituency-oriented committees (perhaps), and to vote against the party line. Finally, federal spending is lower in areas with exogenously lower press coverage of congressmen. (c) 2010 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.

The effect of hypotensive agents and of pressor substances on the rate of secretion of aldosterone was determined in normal subjects and in patients with hypertension or edema. The medullary hormones were studied because, in excess, they can produce hypertension in man. Angiotensin was studied because the major pathology of malignant hypertension is renal. The present work indicates that induced changes in the arterial blood pressure do not necessarily affect aldosterone secretion. The medullary hormones modified aldosterone output in a variable way, depending in part on the state of sodium balance. In contrast to the catecholamines, angiotensin consistently produced an increased secretion of aldosterone. The results suggest that aldosterone may regulate salt balance and blood pressure by its interaction with pressor substances such as angiotensin.

Originally published in 1991. This book presents the results of an interdisciplinary study of the press coverage of ethnic affairs. Examples are drawn mainly from British and Dutch newspapers, but data from other countries are also reviewed. Besides providing the reader with a thorough content analysis of the material, the book is the first to introduce a detailed discourse analytical approach to the study of the ways in which ethnic minorities are portrayed in the press. The approach focuses on the topics, overall news report schemata, local meanings, style and rhetoric of news reports. Highly original, accomplished and penetrating, the book is the fruit of a decade of research into the question of racism and the press, important for ethnic studies, mass communication and media studies, sociology and linguistics.

* Preface to the First Edition * Preface to the Second Edition * Textual References * Introduction * Sense and Tone * Quantifiers * The Hierarchy of Levels * Proper Names * Sense and Reference *Appendix: Note on an Attempted Refutation of Frege * Some Theses of Frege's on Sense and Reference * The Reference of Incomplete Expressions * The Incompleteness of Concepts and Functions * Indirect Reference * Assertion * Thoughts * Truth-value and Reference *Appendix: Note on Many-valued Logics * Can Truth be Defined? * Abstract Objects * Quantification * Identity * Original Sinn * The Evolution of Frege's Thought * Frege's Place in the History of Philosophy * Bibliography * Index

Book Review| February 01 1995 The East Asian Miracle: Economic Growth and Public Policy The East Asian Miracle: Economic Growth and Public Policy. A World Bank Policy Research Report. London: Oxford University Press, 1993. xvii, 289 pp. Yoko Sazanami Yoko Sazanami Keio University Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Asian Studies (1995) 54 (1): 184–185. https://doi.org/10.2307/2058969 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Yoko Sazanami; The East Asian Miracle: Economic Growth and Public Policy. Journal of Asian Studies 1 February 1995; 54 (1): 184–185. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2058969 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsJournal of Asian Studies Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 19951995 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Book Reviews—Asia General You do not currently have access to this content.

We investigated the prevalence of 5 news frames identified in earlier studies on framing and framing effects: attribution of responsibility, conflict, human interest, economic consequences, and morality. We content analyzed 2,601 newspaper stories and 1,522 television news stories in the period surrounding the Amsterdam meetings of European heads of state in 1997. Our results showed that, overall, the attribution of responsibility frame was most commonly used in the news, followed by the conflict, economic consequences, human interest, and morality frames, respectively. The use of news frames depended on both the type of outlet and the type of topic. Most significant differences were not between media (television vs. the press) but between sensationalist vs. serious types of news outlets. Sober and serious newspapers and television news programs more often used the responsibility and conflict frames in the presentation of news, whereas sensationalist outlets more often used the human interest frame.

Part 1 The lexical database: nouns in WordNet, George A. Miller modifiers in WordNet, Katherine J. Miller a semantic network of English verbs, Christiane Fellbaum design and implementation of the WordNet lexical database and searching software, Randee I. Tengi. Part 2: automated discovery of WordNet relations, Marti A. Hearst representing verb alterations in WordNet, Karen T. Kohl et al the formalization of WordNet by methods of relational concept analysis, Uta E. Priss. Part 3 Applications of WordNet: building semantic concordances, Shari Landes et al performance and confidence in a semantic annotation task, Christiane Fellbaum et al WordNet and class-based probabilities, Philip Resnik combining local context and WordNet similarity for word sense identification, Claudia Leacock and Martin Chodorow using WordNet for text retrieval, Ellen M. Voorhees lexical chains as representations of context for the detection and correction of malapropisms, Graeme Hirst and David St-Onge temporal indexing through lexical chaining, Reem Al-Halimi and Rick Kazman COLOR-X - using knowledge from WordNet for conceptual modelling, J.F.M. Burg and R.P. van de Riet knowledge processing on an extended WordNet, Sanda M. Harabagiu and Dan I Moldovan appendix - obtaining and using WordNet.

Journal Article Toward a Theory of Press-State Relations in the United States Get access W. Lance Bennett W. Lance Bennett Professor 1Department of Political Science, University of Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Communication, Volume 40, Issue 2, June 1990, Pages 103–127, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1990.tb02265.x Published: 07 February 2006

The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition. By J. G. A. Pocock. (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1975. Pp. 602. 11.50, paper.) - Volume 71 Issue 3

Originally published in two volumes in 1980, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change is now issued in a paperback edition containing both volumes. The work is a full-scale historical treatment of the advent of printing and its importance as an agent of change. Professor Eisenstein begins by examining the general implications of the shift from script to print, and goes on to examine its part in three of the major movements of early modern times - the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the rise of modern science.