This paper examines the use of praise in the care of people living with dementia (PLWD) in the acute hospital. Perceptions of praise vary. 'Excessive' praise is typically classified as elderspeak, with attendant debates over whether this is patronising and/or infantilising. However, some sources suggest praise may serve useful structural functions in conversation, or should be used for encouragement of PLWD, reflecting the pervasive person-centred care ideology of supporting PLWD's existing abilities. Conversation analysis was used to examine 85 video and audio recordings of interactions involving PLWD and healthcare professionals in acute UK hospital wards. Findings suggest that although context sensitive, praise: 1) works as a supportive action to aid orientation to tasks and activities; and 2) has implications for the preservation of agency and face. Findings demonstrate the importance of sensitivity to individual interactional circumstances and have implications for healthcare practice, training and wider care of PLWD.
Adolescence is a developmental period marked by heightened sensitivity to social evaluation due to the ongoing maturation of brain regions involved in emotion regulation and social cognition. Adolescents may be more vulnerable to socially evaluative feedback, particularly criticism, than adults. Although previous studies have documented age-related differences in neural responses to social evaluation, it remains unclear how the dynamic interactions among brain regions differ between these two age groups during social evaluation. In this study, sixty-four adolescents (14-17 years) and fifty-nine adults (20-40 years) were exposed to criticism, praise, and neutral comments during fMRI scanning. Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) was used to examine functional interactions among key brain regions involved in social evaluation: the right pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC), left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and left precuneus. Compared to adults, adolescents were more sensitive to criticism as they reported higher perceived criticism and more task-induced mood disturbance following criticism. DCM results showed that adolescents had stronger excitatory DLPFC-to-pgACC connectivity, and weaker excitatory pgACC-to-DLPFC and DLPFC-to-precuneus connectivity during social evaluation in general, compared to adults. Moreover, when being criticized, adolescents showed less excitation of the DLPFC-to-pgACC connectivity, whereas when being praised, they showed less inhibition of the pgACC-to-DLPFC connectivity. These findings highlight age-related differences in the neural dynamics underlying social evaluation processing, providing insight into adolescents' heightened sensitivity to social evaluation and potential risk for developing affective disorders.
Although still controversial in some aspects, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is widely recognized as a tool for preventing cervical cancer. However, Japan has historically struggled with vaccine hesitancy due to misinformation and public concerns about side effects. This cross-sectional preliminary study investigated an emerging social media trend, the "praise movement," in which users on X (formerly Twitter) commend individuals for receiving the HPV vaccine. Although the data collection period was short in 17 d and limited volume of posts were included in the analysis (n=70), we identified the movement when the term "HPV vaccination" appeared on Japan's trending list on X. Through sentiment analysis and content categorization of posts, we found that the majority of posts (91.4%) exhibited positive sentiment, whereas 5.7% were negative. While previous studies have documented negative reactions to HPV vaccination on social media, this study highlights a shift toward positive reinforcement. The praise movement may reflect a broader shift in public attitudes toward HPV vaccination, influenced by both grassroots advocacy and official efforts, including the catch-up vaccination program. Given this study is just a snapshot of a short period and a small volume of trend, a further in-depth study should be warranted. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that online communities can play a meaningful role in influencing public health behaviors, providing insights into potential strategies for improving vaccine uptake. This study offers valuable perspectives on digital health communication and its implications for addressing vaccine hesitancy in Japan and beyond.
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This commentary responds to arguments presented in Caspi et al.'s (see record 2026-80066-001) viewpoint article. I endorse the authors' overall argument but note that exactly how many mental disorders one needs to study at a time will likely depend on the specific research question. I also describe how transdiagnostic research requires strong norms of data and credit sharing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
How the public perceives the natural world matters because these emotions shape how society cares and values nature. Organisms that are perceived as useless, annoying, frightening, or uncharismatic are less likely to benefit from conservation efforts. Here, we review how parasitoids are perceived by the public in the wider context of insects; we identify aspects of their biology that could be used to effectively challenge negative perceptions, and discuss how outreach and citizen science activities can help achieve these shifts. Parasitoids are one of the least well-studied taxa on the planet, when taking into account the importance of their ecology and evolution, and that they are estimated to be the most speciose of insect Orders: they deserve to be noticed, identified, and valued by both scientists and the public. Our review, therefore, provides a much-needed synthesis of reasons to appreciate parasitoids and outlines promising avenues for public outreach and communication.
Atrial functional mitral regurgitation (AFMR) characterizes a high-risk phenotype in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Although sacubitril/valsartan reduces functional mitral regurgitation (MR) in HF with reduced EF (HFrEF), its impact on exercise hemodynamics and the dynamic burden of AFMR in HFpEF remains to be elucidated. This multicenter, randomized, open-label trial with blinded primary endpoint assessment assigned 84 patients with symptomatic HFpEF and at least moderate AFMR within the previous year to sacubitril/valsartan (n=41) or standard-of-care (SOC; n=43). The primary outcome was the 6-month change in the exercise mean pulmonary arterial pressure to cardiac output (mPAP/CO) slope, assessed using cardiopulmonary exercise testing with simultaneous echocardiography (CPETecho). Secondary outcomes included changes in peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2), Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, left atrial (LA) volume and function, and AFMR severity in rest and during stress. At 6 months, sacubitril/valsartan significantly improved the mPAP/CO slope compared with SOC (adjusted between-group difference in change, -0.93 mm Hg/L/min; 95% CI, -1.80 to -0.07; P=0.035). This hemodynamic benefit was accompanied by improvements in peak VO2 (mean change, +0.9 versus -0.6mL/kg/min; P=0.002) and KCCQ (median increase, 10 versus 2 points; P=0.002). Significant reductions in NT-proBNP and LA volume were observed (P<0.001 for both), alongside a significant blunting of the dynamic MR increase during exercise (P=0.020). Target dose was achieved in 60% of patients, with symptomatic hypotension as the primary titration-limiting factor. In HFpEF and AFMR, sacubitril/valsartan was associated with improvements in exercise hemodynamics and peak VO2, along with attenuation of the exercise-induced increase in AFMR. These findings suggest a phenotype-specific benefit, warranting confirmation in larger, placebo-controlled, clinical outcome trials. URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT05991284. EudraCT: 2023-506634-70-00.
Antisemitism-defined as prejudice and hostility toward Jews-is traditionally studied by examining explicit negative stereotypes and historical discriminatory actions against Jewish communities. However, this article explores an often overlooked and understudied dimension: how positive stereotypes about Jewish people paradoxically reinforce antisemitism and contribute to their marginalization. While negative stereotypes about Jews are widely recognized as harmful and unwelcomed, positive stereotypes-such as perception of high intelligence and financial achievements-are frequently misunderstood as benign. We investigate how these seemingly positive traits could facilitate and reinforce negative outcomes for Jewish people. We propose, analogous to the framework built on the model minority myth literature in Asian American Studies literature, that positive stereotypes also perpetuate antisemitism through three psychological mechanisms: (a) othering, social alienation, and eroded social solidarity; (b) fostering resentment and neglecting diversity of ingroup experiences; and (c) enabling scapegoating and conspiracy narratives. We explore their consequences at the individual, group, and societal levels. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
Anaglyphs are displays in which the left and right eye images are presented in different colours, such as red and cyan, and they are viewed through filters of the same colours so that each eye sees a different image. They have typically been used to present slightly different images to each eye so that they are seen in relief - stereoscopic depth. Anaglyphs have become increasingly popular as a means for printing and projecting stereoscopic drawings and photographs. The general standard now is for red/left eye, cyan/right eye filters for viewing similarly coloured printed or projected images and these are recommended for viewing the anaglyphs in this article. Despite the disdain for anaglyphs in visual science, they have been used extensively in visual art and education. However, anaglyphs can be constructed that yield displays that would be difficult to produce for refracting or reflecting stereoscopes.
Although incentives modulate cognitive processes, their differential effects of monetary versus social reward gradients on emotional conflict resolution in subclinical depression remain poorly understood. This study investigated how reward type and magnitude influence emotional congruency effects in this population. Two experiments used a word-face Stroop paradigm with a Latin square design. Ninety-nine undergraduates (47 with subclinical depression) completed monetary (0, 20, 100, 500 CNY) and social (no praise to university-level praise) reward tasks. A mixed-design ANOVA examined effects of reward level, emotional congruency, and group. The subclinical depression group showed reduced emotional congruency, marked by lower accuracy in congruent trials than controls. Monetary rewards exhibited a threshold effect: accuracy gains plateaued beyond 100 CNY with no further improvement at 500 CNY. Social reward modulation was similar between groups, though reaction times under class-level praise were significantly higher in incongruent trials. Notably, under high monetary rewards (500 CNY), the subclinical group demonstrated shorter reaction times in congruent trials, indicating heightened sensitivity to substantial incentives. Emotional conflict processing in subclinical depression is differentially modulated by reward type and magnitude. Monetary rewards show saturating effects, while social rewards elicit uniform nonlinear influences. These findings highlight reward sensitivity as a crucial factor for cognitive-affective profiling and targeted interventions.
Adolescents experiencing psychiatric emergencies often require intensive interventions to prevent hospitalisation and support their return to education, employment or training. Intensive Community Care Services aim to provide an alternative to inpatient care. To evaluate the effectiveness of Intensive Community Care Services compared to treatment as usual in reducing the time to start or return to education, employment or training for young people with psychiatric emergencies. A multicentre, parallel-group, single-blinded, randomised controlled trial, including an internal feasibility phase, across seven NHS trusts in the United Kingdom. Adolescents aged 12-17 were randomised to receive either Intensive Community Care Services or treatment as usual. The primary outcome was the time to start or return to education, employment or training within a 6-month observation period. Secondary outcomes included clinical symptoms, functioning and service satisfaction. Process evaluation used semistructured visual interviews followed by thematic decomposition analysis. The impact of COVID-19 and the importance of continuity of care were explored in a series of cohort studies based in emergency departments. A consensus meeting was held to define the features of Intensive Community Care Services. Of the approximately 977 adolescents screened, 36 were randomised in a 1 : 1 ratio using a web-based randomisation system stratified by the NHS trust using variable block sizes to receive either Intensive Community Care Services or treatment as usual. A key reason for poor recruitment was the absence of an alternative to Intensive Community Care Services. The recruitment rate did not meet pre-specified progression criteria (n = 55 by the first 6 months of recruitment), and conducting a full evaluation trial was deemed not feasible. Thirty participants from the pilot sample (83.3%) returned to education, employment or training during the 6-month follow-up period, with a median time to education, employment or training of 9 days (interquartile range 1-49). The median time to education, employment or training was lower in the Intensive Community Care Services group (6 days) compared to the treatment-as-usual group (12 days), with a hazard ratio of 1.34 (95% confidence interval 0.63 to 2.86). Estimated effect sizes for secondary outcomes were also in the direction of a benefit under Intensive Community Care Services, with higher satisfaction with services and improvements in clinical symptoms and functioning. There was a greater total average cost for the treatment-as-usual group at £15,155 (standard deviation 31,560), compared to £7063 (standard deviation 10,605) for Intensive Community Care Services. Due to the small sample size, no inferences regarding Intensive Community Care Services effectiveness or cost-effectiveness can be drawn. Fourteen young people participated in the process evaluation. Inpatient care received both praise for effective diagnoses and therapeutic interventions and criticism for a sterile approach and inadequate staff attention. Intensive Community Care Services was valued for the personalised approach, exemplified by beneficial home visits. During COVID-19, there was a significant reduction in emergency presentations of young people, followed by a significant increase post pandemic. The follow-up attendance rate increased by more than three times if the follow-up appointment was offered by the same clinician who saw the young person in an emergency room (odds ratio 3.66, 95% confidence interval 1.65 to 8.13). Intensive Community Care Services teams should use the modified Dartmouth Assertive Community Treatment Fidelity Scale to assess their quality. Recruitment to a randomised controlled trial of this kind can be improved if all new Intensive Community Care Services teams are considered to be experimental services and an equipoise between Intensive Community Care Services and existing services acknowledged. Rigorous post-implementation research is warranted for those areas that choose to implement Intensive Community Care Services. An adequately powered randomised controlled trial is needed to confirm the pilot findings of the IVY study and explore the full potential of Intensive Community Care Services as an alternative to inpatient and other community-based services for young people with severe mental health needs. Clinicians' experience delivering Intensive Community Care Services should be explored in further qualitative studies. The most significant limitation of this pilot study is the very small sample size, which was a direct result of recruitment difficulties. As a result, we were unable to draw any inferences about the effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of Intensive Community Care Services relative to treatment as usual. It was not possible to blind participants to the intervention they were receiving. The 6-month follow-up period may have been insufficient to capture important long-term outcomes. No definitive conclusions can be drawn from this study. Preliminary results suggest that Intensive Community Care Services may support a faster return to education, employment or training than treatment as usual. Intensive Community Care Services may be cost-effective compared to treatment as usual. Additional mental health professionals should be deployed to Intensive Community Care Services during future lockdowns. The same Intensive Community Care Services professionals should offer assessments in emergency departments and provide community follow-up. Research with a larger sample is warranted to confirm these findings. This synopsis presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme as award number NIHR127408. Adolescents in psychiatric crises often need intensive help to avoid hospital admission and get back into education, employment or training. Intensive Community Care Services aim to offer an alternative to hospital care for these young people. This study looked at how effective Intensive Community Care Services is compared to standard treatment, also called treatment as usual. We conducted a study across seven NHS trusts in the UK, where adolescents aged 12–17 were randomly assigned to receive either Intensive Community Care Services or treatment as usual. The main goal was to measure the time it took for them to start or return to education, employment or training within 6 months. We also looked at their clinical symptoms, daily functioning and service satisfaction. We used interviews to evaluate their experiences and also studied how COVID-19 and continuity of care affected outcomes. Out of 36 participants, 30 (83.3%) returned to education, employment or training within 6 months. The Intensive Community Care Services group returned faster (about 6 days) than the treatment-as-usual group (12 days), though the difference was not statistically significant. Still, Intensive Community Care Services showed some positive trends, like higher service satisfaction. Costs were lower for Intensive Community Care Services (£7063 on average) compared to treatment as usual (£15,155). Fourteen participants shared their experiences of using services; while hospital care was sometimes praised, Intensive Community Care Services was valued for its personalised approach. During COVID-19, fewer young people came to emergency departments, but this rose again afterwards. Follow-up attendance tripled when the same clinician was involved in emergency assessments and follow-up. Although the study did not provide conclusive results, Intensive Community Care Services shows promise in helping young people return to education, employment or training faster and maybe more cost-effective than treatment as usual. We recommend more mental health staff for Intensive Community Care Services in future lockdowns. The same clinicians should handle both emergency assessments and follow-up care. Further research with more participants is needed to confirm these findings.
Although ego threat is known to influence workers' aggressive behavior, little is understood about how support and narcissism shape this relationship. Accordingly, the present study conceptualized narcissistic traits as distinct self-regulatory strategies for maintaining self-worth and examined whether the meaning of support under ego threat varies depending on these traits. An online survey was conducted with 1621 Japanese workers, and the participants were classified into three types-Self-Assertion, Need for Attention and Praise, and Sense of Superiority and Competence-based on the highest scores on the three factors of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory Short version. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were then conducted separately for each type. The results showed that the behavioral consequences of ego threat varied substantially across narcissistic types and that support did not uniformly suppress power harassment. For the Self-Assertion type, perceived organizational support was positively associated with Invasion of Privacy. For the Need for Attention and Praise type, men and managers tended to choose Excessive Demands. For the Sense of Superiority and Competence type, supervisor support reduced harassment; however, under strong ego-threatening conditions, such support paradoxically amplified harassment. These findings suggest that support functions as a socially meaningful cue whose interpretation depends on narcissistic self-regulatory strategies.
Chronic kidney disease heavily burdens patients and health systems. Digital health interventions offer significant potential but face implementation challenges driven by stakeholders' emotional and practical experiences. This review synthesizes these affective dimensions to inform clinical practice. A qualitative systematic review was conducted across six databases for studies published through April 2025. Methodological quality was rigorously appraised. We integrated Python-based computational sentiment analysis to quantify stakeholder emotional polarity (positive, negative, neutral) with thematic analysis. Identified barriers were mapped to established implementation frameworks to select expert-validated implementation strategies. Twenty-three qualitative studies were included, revealing five domains: accessibility, communication, workflow, empowerment, and clinical effectiveness. Patients praised digital empowerment but highlighted socioeconomic access barriers. Nurses valued workflow efficiencies but reported role ambiguity. Clinicians expressed deep skepticism toward remote clinical effectiveness due to diagnostic limitations. To resolve these tensions, prioritized implementation strategies include identifying clinical champions, promoting intervention adaptability, and systematically assessing organizational readiness before deployment. Stakeholder emotions critically dictate digital health adoption. For clinical practice, these findings emphasize moving beyond generic deployments. Healthcare systems must address clinician diagnostic concerns via hybrid care models, resolve nurse workflow ambiguities through targeted training, and provide low-cost devices to bridge patient equity gaps. Tailoring solutions to these psychosocial needs is essential for successful integration into routine kidney care.
Maintaining routine health services during epidemics and humanitarian crises is instrumental to reduce preventable mortality and morbidity. Given the health service disruptions observed during the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide, we aimed to investigate the evolution of health care service utilization for acute and routine chronic care among refugees in Jordan during distinct phases of the COVID-19 pandemic and discuss the interventions that may have contributed to the observed changes in utilization. We conducted a mixed-methods study with three components: (1) interrupted time-series analysis of routine health data in Azraq and Zaatari camps; (2) a household survey among refugees in and out-of-camps (descriptive statistics and comparisons across pandemic periods using Poisson models with household-correlated robust variance estimation); 3) focus group discussions among refugees in and out-of-camps (inductive and deductive thematic content analysis). The analyses compared outcomes across four study periods: (1) Pre-COVID-19 (January 2018-March 2020); (2) Lockdown (April 2020-June 2021); (3) Post-lockdown (July 2021-April 2022); (4) Normalization (May 2022-March 2023), and three refugee groups (Syrian in-camps, Syrian out-of-camps, non-Syrian out-of-camps). Study outcomes included health care utilization for acute and chronic conditions (average number of outpatient consultations per person per year) and self reported health care seeking behaviour. Acute care utilization declined sharply during the lockdown and recovered gradually to pre-pandemic level during the post-lockdown period. Diabetes care utilization was low before the pandemic across groups. After a reduction during lockdown, it increased significantly during the normalization phase to above pre-pandemic rates. A package of service adaptations was introduced to facilitate access to services and medicines: multi-months drug prescription; new distribution system for medication home delivery; home visits; telephonic follow-up; hotline for questions. Study participants reported different experiences in accessing care, from spontaneous support to perceived barriers and limited access. While challenges were highlighted (waiting time, transportation, cost), most participants appreciated the intervention package and praised the comprehensiveness of the provided services. This paper investigates changes in health care services utilization of acute and routine chronic care among refugees in Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic. We learned that acute care will likely rebound back to pre-shock levels and that the utilization of chronic care benefitted from introduced changes in the approach of service delivery, namely a package of complementary interventions that proved helpful in facilitating access to care and medicines for NCD patients while reducing COVID-19 exposure. By documenting UNHCR's and partners' efforts, we provide examples of concrete interventions that should be implemented to improve future pandemic responses.
Family background is a recognised determinant of children's socio-emotional outcomes, yet its measurement and the conceptualisation of family (dis)advantage remain inconsistent across research, policy and practice. This study adopts a multidimensional inequality framework and a sibling design with random effects to (1) estimate the overall impact of family of origin, both observed and unobserved factors, on children's age-5 socio-emotional difficulties; (2) decompose this effect across five dimensions of family background observed at age three: family demographics, emotional environment, parenting, educational environment and socio-economic circumstances; and (3) assess the relative strength of family background indicators on socio-emotional difficulties. Using current data from the nationally representative United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study (N = 2,204, including 916 siblings) and capturing socio-emotional difficulties with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), family-of-origin accounted for 37 per cent of the total variance in SDQ scores, with 38 per cent of the family-of-origin influence explained by observed family dimensions. Parental occupational class, maternal psychological distress and parenting behaviours related to schedules, praise and punishment exhibited the strongest independent effects. Nonetheless, a substantial portion of the family-of-origin effect remains unexplained, underscoring the role of other unmeasured family factors. These results suggest that policy spaces should integrate a multidimensional approach to monitoring family (dis)advantage, and that holistic family support, while attending to children's individual differences, offers the best chance of reducing early childhood socio-emotional difficulties, thus reducing barriers to opportunity.
Physical education (PE) teachers play a central role in shaping students' physical literacy, including motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge, and understanding that supports lifelong physical activity. Differentiation of task difficulty during lessons is widely considered essential in this process. Yet in game-based lessons, what challenges one student may overwhelm or bore another. To better understand how and why teachers differentiate task difficulty, this qualitative study explored how junior secondary school PE teachers adapt task difficulty during game-based lessons. Fourteen teachers participated in stimulated recall interviews based on 20-minute GoPro recordings of their own lessons. We analyzed the data using reflexive thematic analysis. Teachers described differentiation as an ongoing, situated process of monitoring and shaping students' engagement by verbal guidance, rather than primarily modifying task constraints (e.g., rules or equipment). Teachers emphasized fostering inclusive participation, cultivating a positive pedagogical climate, using praise to reinforce desired behaviors, and regulating gameplay by stepping in and out. Differentiation most often occurred through verbal feedback, with particular attention to supporting students perceived as less confident, while engaging higher-skilled students in role-model or leadership roles. In their reasoning, teachers placed students' confidence and motivation at the forefront, describing them as important building blocks from which physical competence may develop. We describe PE teachers as "motivational coaches", as their decision-making prioritizes students' emotional and relational experiences, with the expectation that skill development will follow. This contrasts with earlier research emphasizing skill-focused teaching. However, it can be questioned whether optimal motor learning occurs if teachers reduce task difficulty to support confidence. We suggest that acknowledging students' effort and progress while challenging a student may support both motivation and learning. Since challenge is a subjective concept, it is important to foreground students' experiences of challenge in game-based PE in future research.
A carnivore diet is characterised by the exclusive consumption of animal foods, particularly red meat. Digital media, particularly TikTok and Instagram, often praise the health-promoting and disease-preventive properties of the carnivore diet. However, the scientific data on this form of nutrition is currently very limited. After creating a coding guide with an accompanying seven-day pretest and modification, a social media analysis was conducted on the Instagram platform over a period of one month. In addition to content related to nutrition and food, aspects such as lifestyle, advertising measures, and political or social statements were also collected. The survey was conducted quantitatively through categorization, accompanied by qualitative documentation of notable findings. The analysis included 19 content creators (47% male, 53% female; aged 25-64) with an average of 157,758 ± 146,405 (25,200-582,000) followers. A total of 1,169 posts during the survey period showed a notable focus on health- and disease-related statements. With the exception of the strong emphasis on red meat, the nutritional and food recommendations were heterogeneous. This was accompanied by ideology-related themes, politically relevant statements, and critical portrayals of institutions such as science, politics, and industry, some of which could be classified as politically right-wing conservative. However, the data does not allow for a clear political classification. Overall, the carnivore diet was portrayed as positive. The one-sided view of carnivore nutrition, combined with political and social content, should be viewed critically. Nutrition professionals should pay attention to social media and counteract non-evidence-based claims with scientifically sound information.
Parental distress impacts children's emotional adjustment, highlighting the need to identify protective factors. Promising candidates include positive control (i.e., autonomy support, indexed by parental encouragement, praise, and open-ended questions) and representational mind-mindedness (the propensity for parents to view children as independent agents). To counterbalance the focus on European and North American samples, we included 849 parent-child dyads from England, Hong Kong and Mainland China (Mchild age = 5.17 years, SD = 0.51). Parents rated their own distress and child internalizing problems; their interactions with their children were assessed for positive control, and their speech samples were coded for representational mind-mindedness. In a single-paper meta-analysis, parental distress was associated with elevated child internalizing problems and low positive control consistently across sites, but only associated with low mind-mindedness in England. Within-site analyses showed that intergenerational associations in distress-internalizing problems were attenuated by positive control in Mainland China and by mind-mindedness in England; multi-group modeling demonstrated that this latter effect was site-specific. These findings highlight the importance of widening the cultural scope of this research field.
To evaluate the accuracy and educational utility of Microsoft Copilot's (GPT-4, July 2025, closed-system version) responses to radiography questions through expert assessment, with a focus on strengths, limitations, and implications for radiologic science education. This qualitative descriptive study evaluated Copilot's responses to 15 open-ended radiography questions derived from the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists Radiography Examination Content Specifications. Seven subject matter experts with extensive clinical and teaching experience independently reviewed the artificial intelligence (AI)-generated responses for accuracy and educational utility. Feedback was collected using Microsoft Forms and analyzed inductively following a 6-phase thematic analysis framework. Thematic analysis revealed 6 overarching themes: accuracy and completeness of content, scope of practice and role clarification, outdated terminology and standards, formatting and presentation strengths, utility as a learning aid, and need for specificity and context. Experts praised the clarity, structure, and organization of responses and noted their potential as supplemental study aids. However, concerns were raised about incomplete or superficial content, attributions outside a radiologic technologist's scope of practice, outdated terminology and standards (including shielding and grid use), lack of specificity, and insufficient clinical context. Findings suggested that although Copilot might provide structured and accessible support for radiography learners, its limitations could result in outdated or inaccurate practices if used without a critical lens. The closed-system design further constrained educational utility by preventing transparent sourcing. For radiography education, these results highlighted the importance of embedding critical AI literacy skills into curricula so that students learn to evaluate, verify, and contextualize AI-generated outputs. Copilot demonstrated potential as a supplemental learning aid in radiography education, but outdated terminology, technical inaccuracies, and lack of sourcing constrained its reliability. Future research should compare multiple AI platforms, assess student learning outcomes, and explore strategies for embedding AI literacy and institutional safeguards to support safe, effective integration into health professions education.
Foreign language speaking anxiety constitutes a persistent barrier to oral proficiency development among Chinese college students; however, prevailing technology-centered instructional approaches inadequately address learners' affective needs, thereby limiting their effectiveness in alleviating anxiety and fostering intrinsic motivation. This study proposed a blended pedagogical model-the "Praise-Speak" program that integrates offline appreciative education with AI-assisted oral training via the FIF platform. A two-phase mixed-methods design was employed. In the first phase, large-scale surveys (n = 1,044 for anxiety assessment; n = 209 for appreciative education needs) identified freshmen as the priority intervention cohort. In the second phase, a 16-week pilot intervention was conducted with 13 participants, utilizing a pretest-posttest design supplemented by reflective journal analysis. The findings demonstrated statistically significant improvements in IELTS speaking scores (p = 0.005) and a marked reduction in speaking anxiety (p < 0.001). Qualitative analysis revealed three core mechanisms underlying these outcomes: the establishment of psychological safety, positive receptivity to appreciative pedagogy, and technology-humanism synergy. This study offers a replicable pedagogical framework that harmonizes technological empowerment with humanistic care, contributing to the realization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4.