Today, microplastics are recognized as a major group of pollutants threatening aquatic ecosystems. While drinking water reservoirs are typically subject to stringent protection-prohibiting direct waste discharge and commercial activities-their vulnerability to microplastic accumulation persists due to the high mobility, size, and low density of the particles. The primary aim of this study is to quantify the microplastic burden within an important drinking water basin in İstanbul-Türkiye's metropolitan city-and to evaluate the degree of accumulation in resident freshwater fish. Seasonal field surveys were conducted between November 2023 and July 2024, focusing on both the water column and three specific fish species: Atherina pontica, Neogobius melanostomus, and Gambusia holbrooki. A total of 217 microplastic particles were identified in the fish samples, with 105 localized in the gills and 112 in the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, 42 microplastic particles were detected in the surface water samples. Morphological classification revealed a clear predominance of fibers over fragments, accounting for 88.9% and 11.1% in fish samples, and 92.9% and 7.1% in water samples, respectively. Among the particles with identifiable polymer compositions, polyethylene (PE) was the dominant polymer type, representing 46.9% of the total. These findings highlight that even protected water bodies are susceptible to microplastic pollution, with significant bioaccumulation occurring in the local ichthyofauna.
Orthoplastic surgery, a multidisciplinary approach to addressing complex, traumatic reconstruction, has grown significantly since its emergence over three decades ago. Its success in improving both functional and reconstructive outcomes has led to an increased demand for orthoplastic surgeons and the development of dedicated limb salvage programs at institutions around the world. This review outlines the development of a multidisciplinary orthoplastic surgery program at a Level 1 trauma center in the United States, which serves as a major tertiary referral hub for complex extremity trauma and reconstruction. Central to the success of this practice is collaboration between multiple surgical and medical subspecialists. Coordination of our program is enhanced through center-supported staff such as nurse navigators and practice managers. The goal of this review article is to highlight the foundations that our program is built on and provide a framework for other institutions to emulate when establishing an orthoplastic surgery program. Die orthoplastische Chirurgie, ein multidisziplinärer Ansatz zur Behandlung komplexer traumatischer Rekonstruktionen, hat seit ihrem Entstehen vor über drei Jahrzehnten erheblich an Bedeutung gewonnen. Ihr Erfolg bei der Verbesserung sowohl funktioneller als auch rekonstruktiver Ergebnisse hat zu einer steigenden Nachfrage nach orthoplastischen Chirurginnen und Chirurgen sowie zur Entwicklung spezialisierter Extremitäten-Erhaltungsprogramme an Institutionen weltweit geführt.Diese Übersichtsarbeit beschreibt den Aufbau eines multidisziplinären orthoplastischen Chirurgieprogramms an einem Level-1-Traumazentrum in den Vereinigten Staaten, das als bedeutendes tertiäres Überweisungszentrum für komplexe Extremitätentraumen und Rekonstruktionen dient. Zentral für den Erfolg dieses Programms ist die enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen mehreren chirurgischen und medizinischen Subspezialitäten. Die Koordination des Programms wird zudem durch zentrumsunterstütztes Personal wie Pflege-/Fallmanagerinnen und -manager (Nurse Navigators) sowie Praxismanagerinnen und -manager verbessert.Ziel dieses Übersichtsartikels ist es, die Grundlagen darzustellen, auf denen unser Programm aufbaut, und einen Rahmen zu bieten, an dem sich andere Institutionen beim Aufbau eines orthoplastischen Chirurgieprogramms orientieren können.
Mangrove ecosystems are productive coastal habitats that provide important services, including shoreline stabilization, nutrient cycling, and nursery grounds for diverse marine species. Microplastics may represent a threat to many mangrove ecosystems. One of the most significant types of plastics is polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is notable for its durability and potential to cause serious ecological damage. The use of halophilic and halotolerant microbes offers a promising approach for removing these pollutants in saline environments like mangroves. In this study, a halophilic and halotolerant consortium capable of PET degradation was isolated. This bacterial-fungal consortium, dominated by Methyloligella (32.54%), Truepera (12.25%), and Saccharomyces, showed PET degradation activity under 5% (w/v) NaCl conditions. It achieved a 15.5 ± 0.71% PET degradation efficiency within 50 days, accompanied by a maximum CO₂ concentration rate of 458 ppm. Physicochemical investigations, including Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Thermal-gravimetric analysis (TGA), confirmed surface erosion, alterations in chemical bonds, and a higher rate of thermal degradation, respectively. Moreover, Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) exhibited the formation of alkanes as PET degradation products. Given the ecological importance of mangrove ecosystems and their increasing exposure to microplastic contamination, these findings demonstrate that this consortium shows potential for PET degradation and could serve as a viable option for bioremediation in saline ecosystems.
Although biodegradable microplastics are promoted as environmentally safer alternatives to conventional plastics, their long-term biological impacts remain poorly understood. Standard ecotoxicological assessments often rely on physical traits that may mask hidden cellular adjustments and distinct polymer-specific toxicity mechanisms. To address this gap, this study investigated the chronic responses of Daphnia magna to biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) and conventional polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics by integrating a 21-day life-history assay with global transcriptomic profiling. At the organism level, both PLA and PET exposure reduced somatic growth while leaving reproductive output unaffected, yielding no significant differences between the polymer types. However, transcriptomic analysis revealed that these matching physical outcomes are driven by unique, polymer-dependent molecular patterns. Both treatments showed a coordinated suppression of structural and growth-related pathways alongside the enrichment of regulatory, transport, and protein turnover functions. Yet, PLA induced a broader engagement of stress-responsive functional categories particularly oxidative stress, tetrapyrrole/heme-binding functions, and metabolic control pathways, suggesting a higher regulatory and energetic burden. In contrast, PET elicited a more constrained transcriptomic profile dominated by structural, transport, and RNA-regulatory processes, with minimal activation of redox pathways. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed a shared downregulation of ribosome biogenesis under both polymers, but a much stronger enrichment of spliceosome and RNA-regulatory machinery under PET exposure. These findings demonstrate that similar organism-level phenotypes can overlook distinct internal metabolic costs. Consequently, evaluating alternative materials purely by physical symptoms can misrepresent their actual biological impact, highlighting the importance of using transcriptomic profiling to accurately assess the safety of emerging alternative polymers.
To better understand the environmental fate of biodegradable microplastics (MPs) in coastal environments, this study investigated the aging behavior and organic matter release of PLA, PBAT, and PHBV MPs with typical environmental factors (UV irradiation, water, salinity, and DOM). After 30-days incubation, all materials aged rapidly under UV, with significant changes in particle size distribution and number-average molecular weight (Mn) decreased to 20-50% of initial value. The increases in carbonyl index (CI) and -COOH/-COO- ratio of the carbonyl bond indicated significant photooxidation, Norrish reactions and ester bond hydrolysis. While in darkness, the decrease of Mn was substantially lower and -COOH/-COO- ratio increased but no change in CI were detected, indicating hydrolytic cleavage only. Among tested polymers, PHBV exhibited the largest changes regardless of irradiation. The influence from environmental matrix was also pronounce: aging proceeded faster in air than in DI water; dissolved salts in seawater inhibited chain scission, whereas the present of DOM markedly accelerated chain scission but reduced the relative abundance of chain-scission product. Moreover, with the analysis of TOC, particle abundance and chemical component of leached OC, we found that UV irradiation promoted the conversion of shed particulates into dissolved molecules and accelerated humification simultaneously in the leachate, yielding more humic-like DOM. Conversely, dark aging leached higher relative abundances of submicron/nanoscale particles and protein-like DOM into surrounding water. After all, by altering aging behaviors and the plastic derived organic matter release, these environmental factors may further change the environmental persistency and possible risks of biodegradable plastics in coastal ecosystems.
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer due to its high metastatic potential and resistance to therapy. Current treatment strategies include surgical resection for localized disease, as well as targeted therapy with MAPK inhibitors and immunotherapy for advanced stages. However, therapeutic resistance and disease relapse remain major clinical challenges. Activating mutations in components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, particularly in BRAF and NRAS, are among the most frequent oncogenic events in melanoma, driving tumor initiation and progression through sustained ERK signaling. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles whose morphology is regulated by the balance between fission and fusion. In melanoma cells, MAPK-dependent signaling has been implicated in the regulation of key components of the mitochondrial dynamics machinery, thereby reshaping the mitochondrial network. These structural alterations have functional consequences for cellular metabolism, contributing to metabolic plasticity and enabling tumor cells to switch between glycolytic and oxidative metabolic states in response to environmental stimuli and therapeutic pressures. In this review, we discuss current evidence linking oncogenic MAPK signaling to the control of mitochondrial dynamics in melanoma and examine how these processes contribute to metabolic reprogramming. We further explore how mitochondrial remodeling influences therapeutic response and resistance, particularly in the context of MAPK pathway inhibition. Finally, we highlight mitochondrial dynamics as key regulators of metabolic plasticity and as promising therapeutic targets to improve treatment response in melanoma.
The leaching of plastic additives is fundamental to assessing their environmental risk, yet the role of biofilm-mediated biotransformation in this process remains poorly understood. This study investigates the influence of enzymatic conjugation (glucuronidation) on the leaching kinetics of UV stabilizers from low-density polyethylene (LDPE) fibers. By combining leaching experiments with a kinetic model, we identified distinct acceleration mechanisms governed by additive hydrophobicity. For highly hydrophobic benzotriazoles (UV-327 and UV-328), glucuronidation enhanced leaching by 20-28% relative to controls by accelerating mass transfer across the aqueous boundary layer (ABL). For moderately hydrophobic benzophenone-3 (BP-3), leaching increased by 289% as enzymatic activity sustained the concentration gradient by acting as a bulk-phase sink. These results demonstrate that enzymatic conjugation-deconjugation processes can substantially enhance the release of hydrophobic additives. As a result, abiotic models may underestimate the leaching of plastic-associated chemicals in biologically active environments.
Goals in plastic surgery and aesthetic medicine include minimizing healing complications, optimize aesthetic outcomes and improve patient satisfaction. Platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) is among the most potent natural activators of healing. A pharmaceutical copy of natural PDGF-BB, (rhPDGF-BB or pure PDGF) is the active ingredient in four US Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies to stimulate healing of skin, mucosa, gingivae or bone. Here we describe the mechanism of action and clinical uses of off-the-shelf pure PDGF in plastic surgery and aesthetic medicine as a post-treatment adjunct to enhance patient satisfaction.
Regenerative strategies in facial plastic surgery increasingly incorporate platelet-rich fibrin, platelet-rich plasma, fat grafting, and emerging biologic agents. Despite widespread adoption, outcomes remain variable, in part due to limited control of upstream processes such as perfusion, extracellular matrix remodeling, and stem cell niche stability. To review the mechanistic basis and emerging clinical evidence supporting bioelectric modulation as a systems-level regulator of regenerative pathways relevant to facial rejuvenation, wound healing, and hair restoration. Bioelectric modulation represents a plausible investigational adjunct to biologic therapies in facial plastic surgery. Further studies are required to define efficacy, optimize treatment parameters, and evaluate long-term safety.
Amphibians are among the most threatened groups of vertebrates worldwide, and the increasing release of emerging contaminants such as microplastics (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) poses a growing ecological risk to these organisms. This study evaluated the semi-chronic effects of polyethylene microplastics (60 mg/L) (PE-MPs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (10 µg/L) (TiO2 NPs), individually and in combination (Mix), on oxidative stress and detoxification biomarkers in the gills and liver of bullfrog tadpoles (Aquarana catesbeiana, in Gosner stages 25-26). Tadpoles were exposed for 15 days, and biochemical parameters (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase - EROD, glutathione-s-transferase - GST, superoxide dismutase - SOD, catalase - CAT, lipid peroxidation - LPO, protein carbonyls - PCO, and glucose levels) were quantified. In the gills, the Mix group significantly increased SOD and CAT activities, indicating sustained antioxidant responses associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the liver, GST activity was elevated only in the Mix group, while LPO levels increased in all contaminant-exposed groups, demonstrating oxidative damage to membranes. Conversely, hepatic glucose concentrations decreased exclusively in the MP group, suggesting disturbances in energy metabolism potentially linked to contaminant bioaccumulation. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) and Integrated Biomarker Response indices (IBRv2) revealed organ-specific and treatment-dependent effects, with more pronounced biochemical alterations in the liver and stronger integrated responses in the MPs and Mix treatments. Altogether, these results demonstrate that MPs and NPs induce distinct oxidative and metabolic dysfunctions in tadpoles, with synergistic effects emerging under combined exposure. These findings highlight the importance of assessing mixtures of emerging contaminants and underscore the vulnerability of amphibian larvae to environmentally realistic pollution scenarios.
Music engages sensory, motor, cognitive, and emotional systems, making it a powerful model for studying experience-dependent neuroplasticity. Although research on music-related brain changes is expanding, integration of structural, functional, and cerebrovascular findings remains limited, and effects on higher-order cognitive processes remain unclear. This systematic review will primarily synthesize evidence on music-induced cortical adaptations, including structural changes (e.g., gray and white matter alterations), functional modifications in neural networks, and cerebrovascular dynamics. Further, associations with behavioral measures such as attentional control, executive functioning, and language processing will also be examined when these outcomes are directly linked to the neural adaptations across the adult lifespan (≥ 50 years). The protocol was prepared in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines and has been indexed in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO ID: CRD420251159362). The systematic review will be conducted and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Using controlled vocabularies and medical subject headings (MeSH), a systematic search will be conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), and Google Scholar databases, and supplemented by citation tracking from relevant review articles. Eligible studies will include randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, and observational designs (longitudinal, case-control, cross-sectional studies). The primary outcome will be changes in brain structure, function, and cerebrovascular hemodynamic activity following music intervention. Cognitive measures will be reviewed and consolidated as secondary endpoints. Data extraction, risk of bias and quality assessment will be performed independently by two reviewers using validated instruments, including Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2.0), Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I), Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Exposures (ROBINS-E), Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) tools. A narrative synthesis will be conducted in accordance with Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) guidelines, with meta-analyses undertaken where appropriate. Certainty of evidence will be assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) scale. Collectively, this protocol establishes a rigorous framework to systematically evaluate how music shapes the brain's structure, function, and vascular systems, and how these changes translate into cognitive and behavioral outcomes.
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Endocrine-disrupting chemicals have been linked to circadian disruption, but their associations with epigenetic regulation of circadian genes during adolescence, a key developmental period, remain unclear. We analyzed 488 adolescents (mean age = 15.4 years; 53.1% female) from the ELEMENT cohort. Urinary phthalate metabolites and blood leukocyte DNA methylation (DNAm) were collected in 2015. Metabolites were grouped into summary phthalate mixtures, and DNAm at 334 CpG sites across nine circadian genes was quantified using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Multivariable linear regression models adjusted for specific gravity, sociodemographic factors, and immune cell composition. Associations with p < 0.05 were evaluated, and false discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied across all CpGs (q < 0.10 denoting statistical significance). Sex-stratified analyses were also performed. Several phthalate mixtures were associated with DNAm of circadian genes after FDR correction. For BMAL1, ΣDEHP, and Σ Plastic were associated with hypomethylation at cg09404790 (q = 0.0419 and 0.0650), and Σ AA was positively associated with cg14666553 (q = 0.0667). In males, multiple CpGs were statistically significant, including CRY1 hypomethylation with Σ AA and Σ DBP (cg06205108 and cg03853227; q = 0.0058-0.0600) and additional loci in BMAL1 (cg05239841; q = 0.0389) and CRY2 (cg26742859; q = 0.0650). In females, only one CpG remained significant after FDR adjustment, with higher methylation at a CRY1 locus observed in relation to Σ Plastic exposure (q = 0.0067). Adolescent exposure to phthalate mixtures was significantly associated with DNAm at select circadian gene loci, with stronger and more frequent associations in males.
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) poses a persistent environmental challenge due to its high chlorine content and additive-mediated recalcitrance. Herein, we report an N,O-dual-coordinated iron single-atom catalyst (Fe-N2O2-hCN) integrated with palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) for efficient hydrothermal Fenton-like upcycling of PVC into fuel-range hydrocarbons. The asymmetric Fe-N2O2 configuration modulates the electronic structure of Fe centers, promoting H2O2 activation and hydroxyl radical generation for efficient C-Cl and C-C bond cleavage under mild conditions, outperforming the conventional Fe-N4 catalyst. The bifunctional Pd NPs/Fe-N2O2-hCN system achieves high PVC degradation efficiency (97.38%) and near-complete dechlorination, while selectively hydrogenating depolymerized intermediates into fuel-range alkanes (C3-C20) with a high selectivity (86.01%). Mechanistic studies reveal enhanced electron transfer and a lowered energy barrier for H2O2 dissociation, with Pd NPs generating reactive hydrogen species for olefin saturation. Life cycle assessment (LCA) demonstrates a 77% reduction in carbon emissions and significantly lower eco-costs than incineration. This work provides a coordination-engineered platform for converting hazardous plastic waste into valuable fuels, advancing a circular plastic economy.
Environmental exposures prior to conception are increasingly recognized as modulators of offspring neurodevelopment; however, their functional impact on specific neural circuits remains poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated whether paternal preconception exposure to the neuroteratogen chlorpyrifos induces protein-level and functional alterations in learning-related brain regions of the offspring. Using a chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) model, we examined the intermediate medial mesopallium (IMM), hippocampal subregions, and lateral striatum, focusing on protein expression of markers associated with neuroplasticity and cholinergic-mediated activation/translocation of protein kinase C beta (PKCβ), a key regulator of synaptic plasticity. Structural endpoints, including neuronal cell counts and dendritic morphology, were also assessed. A pre-hatch exposure paradigm was included for comparison. Paternal exposure resulted in region- and sex-specific alterations in protein expression, including changes in GDNF, DCX, FOS, and MAP2, predominantly in the lateral striatum and IMM, without corresponding transcriptional changes. Notably, no significant alterations were observed in neuronal cell counts or dendritic structure. In contrast, a robust functional deficit was identified, as paternal exposure completely abolished cholinergic-mediated PKCβ activation/translocation, an effect also observed following pre-hatch exposure. These findings demonstrate that paternal preconception exposure is associated with selective alterations in protein expression and impaired cholinergic-mediated PKCβ signaling within learning-related neural circuits, in the absence of overt structural damage. The dissociation between transcriptional and translational outcomes indicates that regulatory processes acting beyond transcription may contribute to the observed phenotype. Further studies are required to determine the underlying mechanisms and functional consequences of these changes.
Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is highly relapsing and has been associated with structural brain alterations (e.g., white matter and cortical thickness) in pathways and regions critical for a healthy brain. The development of non-abstinence-based interventions is essential for restoring structural alterations in CUD. Physical exercise, particularly aerobic exercise, may promote neuroplastic changes in brain structure. In this novel randomised, single-blind, comparator-controlled trial, we recruited 59 individuals with CUD (76% classified with severe CUD; median age = 25 years, 22% female, without requiring abstinence during intervention). They were randomly allocated to receive 12-weeks of 45 min, three times/week of either: (i) High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) aimed to achieve 80% of participants' maximum heart rate (above the lactate release threshold); or (ii) active control Strength and Resistance training (S&R). The main outcome was brain structural organisation (fractional anisotropy and cortical thickness) measured via advanced diffusion and anatomical MRI scans conducted before and after 12 weeks. The HIIT group showed significant increases in FA in the left uncinate fasciculus (p = 0.012) and cortical thickness in the right pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus (p = 0.016), revealed by time-by-group interaction. These exercise-induced changes in white matter and cortical thickness significantly correlated with total hours spent with heart rates > 80% (r = 0.32, p = 0.027 and r = 0.41, p = 0.001) and the time spent above the lactate release threshold (r = 0.27, p = 0.061 and r = 0.40, p = 0.004). Overall, a 12-week HIIT exercise intervention, without requiring abstinence from cannabis consumption, can enhance brain plasticity.
Catonephele acontius (Nymphalidae:Biblidinae:Epicalinii) is a butterfly species with a wide distribution across the Neotropics including the Amazon. Here, we present a long-read high-coverage reference genome for this species to serve as a genomic resource for future studies on Biblidinae butterflies, a group that is the subject of ongoing studies of seasonal adaptation under climate change. We used PacBio HiFi and Isoseq reads to generate a highly contiguous and well-annotated reference genome. Five libraries were constructed, four using RNA from different tissues and one using High Molecular Weight (HMW) DNA from a wild-caught female. The DNA was sequenced using PacBio HiFi technology and the RNA was sequenced using long read PacBio IsoSeq technology. 20Gb of raw HiFi data was generated and assembled to an initial size of 520.7Mb (39x homozygous coverage) in 90 contigs. The assembly was then polished and decontaminated into 40 contigs with an N50 of 19.927Mb (BUSCO completeness: 99.0%, duplication 0.5%, fragmentation 0.7% and missing 0.3%). Final assembly size was 519.2Mb. Repeats were annotated, showing that the genome consisted of 40.4% transposable elements. IsoSeq transcriptome data from antennae, leg, ovary and digestive tissue was then used to structurally and functionally annotate gene models for the softmasked genome, uncovering ∼18,500 genes, with 70% of them given functional annotation. This reference assembly joins many published genomes in the Nymphalidae family but represents one of the first high-quality genomes from the Biblidinae subfamily. It provides a valuable resource to study the evolution of plastic and seasonal traits and will help investigate the genetic processes that may influence this species responses to rapid climate change.
Cold spray additive manufacturing (CSAM) is a solid-state process capable of producing dense metallic components without melting, making it highly attractive for copper applications requiring both electrical conductivity and mechanical integrity. In this study, the influence of spray pressure at 30 bar, 40 bar, 50 bar and 60 bar on particle velocity, microstructure, and properties of cold-sprayed copper was systematically investigated using a LightSPEE3D system. The cold spray deposits were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), hardness testing, eddy current conductivity, tensile evaluation, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results reveal that increasing spray pressure enhances particle velocities beyond the critical threshold for copper, leading to improved inter-particle bonding and microstructural refinement consistent with severe plastic deformation and possible continuous dynamic recrystallisation (cDRX)-assisted mechanisms. XRD analysis suggested progressive crystallite refinement and increased dislocation density with pressure, which directly correlated with improved ductility. While hardness decreased due to recovery and recrystallisation, electrical conductivity increased, likely due to improved inter-particle continuity and reduced interfacial discontinuities. Tensile testing showed a clear strength-ductility transition, with deposits at higher pressures exhibiting substantially improved ductility approaching bulk copper behaviour and fully ductile fracture morphologies. Overall, the findings identify an optimum processing window at higher spray pressures, where copper cold spray deposits achieve a balanced combination of conductivity, ductility, and strength. This study highlights the critical role of spray pressure in controlling the interplay between particle velocity, dynamic recrystallisation, and multifunctional performance in CSAM copper components. This study establishes a process-structure-property relationship linking particle velocity, XRD-derived microstructural evolution, conductivity, and tensile behaviour within a LightSPEE3D CSAM system.
A new compact three-element Extremity Ring Badge (ERB) dosemeter has been developed for extremity dose monitoring of Indian radiation workers. This three-element dosemeter is based on indigenously developed CaSO4:Dy-Teflon discs as a thermoluminescent detector placed between suitable filters in a plastic holder. The dosemeter is designed and calibrated to measure the dose equivalent in terms of operational quantity Hp(0.07) at finger location. It can measure the doses from gamma, beta, and low-energy X-ray radiations and distinguish the beam quality (photon/beta) as well. The design features and results of the experimental studies conducted towards development of ERB dosemeter are presented. The dosemeter demonstrated satisfactory performance in the European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) interlaboratory exercise (IC2024ext). The response of all test dosemeters were well within the trumpet curve, as per IEO 14146:2018 criteria, which validates the dose evaluation algorithm used for estimation of Hp(0.07) in the IC2024ext exercise.