π-Conjugated azomethine ligands differing in the naphthalene or phenylmethane-centered core structure and their divalent cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc metal complexes were prepared and well-characterized by spectral analyses in solid state. Magnetic natures of the complexes were determined by magnetic susceptibility measurements in solid-state. Their remarkable photophysical characteristics were recorded by Uv-vis and Fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. At their excitation wavelenght of 265 nm, all molecules exhibited triple fluorescence emission bands with promising intensities above 673 nm in near infra-red region. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the π-conjugated azomethines are promising for potential applications in medical and healthcare settings. Hence, the antibacterial/antibiofilm activity of the π-conjugated azomethine ligands and their metal complexes against some clinically important bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis was investigated, and the obtained results have shown that the ligands and complexes had a remarkable antibacterial effect, especially on Proteus mirabilis. Metal complexes have been found to have a significant inhibitory effect on biofilm formation by MRSA, MSSA, and P. mirabilis compared to ligands. The copper (II) complex of ligand-2 showed the highest inhibition percentage, significantly reducing biofilm formation for MRSA and MSSA. Furthermore, cobalt (II) complexes of the ligands selectively inhibited the growth of the opportunistic pathogen P. mirabilis biofilms, indicating that metal complexes might be a good choice for future antibiofilm studies.
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This study aimed to assess the capacity of the Clinician Educator Milestones to distinguish between those who place less career emphasis on clinical education and those who have been recognized by their peers for their teaching abilities. The authors conducted a survey (January-April 2024) of clinician educators at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine who were nominated by their peers for an institutional educator award between 2012 and 2023. Award nominees who responded were asked to identify 2 colleagues of similar academic rank who would not identify educator as their lead identity (control respondents). Respondents from both groups self-assessed from level 1 (novice) to 5 (expert) across the 20 subcompetencies of the Clinician Educator Milestones. The authors tested for differences between award nominees and the comparison group and for differences based on demographic characteristics. Statistical significance was set at P < .0025 to account for multiple comparisons. Of the 85 award nominees contacted, 71 (84%) completed the survey, compared to 91 (66%) of the 138 individuals in the control group. Award nominees rated themselves higher on 18 of the 20 subcompetencies compared to the control group. No statistically significant differences were found for commitment to professional responsibilities or leadership skills (P = .107 and .064, respectively). No subcompetencies reached the adjusted significance threshold when comparing across demographic groups. The findings of this study suggest that the Clinician Educator Milestones can effectively differentiate between educators nominated by their peers for an institutional education award and other educators and showed few differences based on demographic characteristics. These findings support the milestones' potential utility for self-assessment and educator development. Further study of the milestones would add valuable information with which to compare these findings.
Despite increasing gender equity in the rheumatology workforce, disparities persist in leadership roles and prestigious career awards. The study aimed to identify key factors contributing to the under-representation of women among recipients of prestigious career awards in rheumatology. A 13-item e-survey was distributed to rheumatologists and allied health professionals globally to identify factors contributing to gender disparity in award conferral. Among 227 respondents from 40 countries, 68.3% were female. The most significant barrier identified was the competing demands of domestic responsibilities on women (42.9%). Additional factors included a lack of female nominees (38.7%), limited visibility of female candidates (38.3%) and fewer leadership opportunities (35.0%). This study underscores the impact of domestic responsibilities and restricted professional opportunities on gender inequity in rheumatology awards. These results call for diversification of selection committees, enhanced transparency in nomination and accurate assessment of the gender-specific impacts of career breaks on productivity.
There is considerable practice variation nationally for using high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) to treat hospitalized children with bronchiolitis, despite an abundance of literature supporting specific practices. We developed recommendations for using HFNC based on available evidence and expert opinion. Following the Research and Development (RAND)/University of California, Los Angeles Appropriateness Method, we conducted an exhaustive literature search for studies regarding the use of HFNC in bronchiolitis and drafted proposed use recommendations based on these findings. We convened an expert panel composed of nominees from national professional organizations with a range of professions (nursing, respiratory therapy, medicine) and clinical expertise (intensive care, emergency medicine, hospital-based care). Panelists rated recommendations for appropriateness and necessity in 3 sequential rating sessions and a moderated meeting. The 15-member panel evaluated 60 recommendations for the initiation, reassessment, escalation, and de-escalation of HFNC in bronchiolitis. The panel reached agreement on the appropriateness of HFNC for 52 of 60 recommendations and on necessity for 46 of 52. The panel agreed with practices that may curtail HFNC use, including initiating HFNC only for refractory hypoxemia or impending respiratory failure, initiating HFNC at flow rates of 1.5 to 2 L/kg/min, and discontinuing HFNC once a patient is stable on fraction of inspired oxygen of 0.21 for 1-4 hours. A national expert panel agreed on the appropriateness and necessity of parameters for HFNC use in bronchiolitis. These recommendations allow for standardization of practice that may optimize outcomes and curb indiscriminate use of this respiratory support modality.
A novel series of pyrazole-thiophene hybrid derivatives (3a-c, 5a-c, 7a-c, and 9a,b) was synthesized through a one-step reaction pathway and structurally confirmed by various spectroscopic analyses. Hybridization of the pyrazole nucleus with the thiophene ring was designed to enhance the biological potential of both moieties, as each is known to exhibit diverse pharmacological properties. The MTT assay was used to assess the in vitro anticancer potential of the synthesized scaffolds against two human cancer cell lines: hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7). The results indicated that pyrazole-thiophene hybrids 3a and 5b demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity against HepG-2 and MCF-7 cells with inhibition values of 24 µM and 10.36 µM and 38.8 µM and 26.9 µM, respectively, compared with the reference drug vinblastine sulfate (8.22 µM for HepG2 and 4.63 µM for MCF-7). Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis revealed that the presence of electron-donating substituents on the aromatic ring and thiophene linkage contributed to enhanced cytotoxicity. Molecular docking was conducted to investigate the binding of the compounds to the target protein PDB: 2W3L. The binding free energies for the 2W3L protein ranged between -6.0251 and -7.3575 kcal mol-1, indicating stronger binding compared to vinblastine, which has a binding energy of -5.9584 kcal mol-1. In addition, in silico assessment of the pharmacokinetic profile using the SwissADME program showed that compounds 9a and 9b appeared as the most promising nominees within the series, demonstrating proper solubility, lower lipophilicity, and, for compound 9a, high GI absorption. This study presents noteworthy ADME challenges for the series, particularly regarding their solubility and permeability, leading to the need for more synthetic efforts towards more metabolically stable and bioavailable analogues. These findings suggest that pyrazole-thiophene hybrids represent promising scaffolds for the further development of potent anticancer agents.
Objectives　This study aimed to clarify the core values and competencies of public health nurses (PHNs) who contribute to improve health issues in transitioning societies, based on a consensus among PHN-related organizations, including practitioners and education researchers.Methods　A draft defining the core values and competencies of PHNs was developed through five consultation sessions with 20 executives and nominees of organizations in each area of PHN practice, education, and research to collect, categorize, and refine the items. The expert panel comprised 534 nominees from six PHN-related organizations, and three rounds of Delphi surveys were conducted. The consensus criteria were ≥70% for agreement and ≥80% for firm agreement.Results　In the first round, 272 expert panel nominees (50.9%) responded, and 217 responded in all rounds. The draft was revised based on the feedback from each round. By round 3, >90% agreed on the core value and competency frameworks and definitions.Conclusion　The Delphi survey revealed the three core value frameworks and definitions of "social justice in health," "human rights and autonomy," and "health and safety" and eight core competencies of "professional autonomy and responsibility," "scientific research and use of information science and technology," "population-based assessment and analysis," "practices for health enhancement and prevention," "building systems to improve public health," "management of healthy community development," "person/community-centered collaboration and cooperation," and "communication for consensus and solutions," with a firm agreement. Eventually, these frameworks would be the bases for creating national standards of practice, education, and research to satisfy the consensus levels of PHNs and PHN-related organizations.
This paper examines the shift in global scientific leadership from Germany to the United States using data on Nobel Prize nominations in Physics and Chemistry from 1901 to 1969. Building on the theoretical frameworks of Ben-David and Hollingsworth, we explore how nomination patterns reflect global shifts in scientific hegemony. In the early 20th century, Germany dominated the Nobel nomination process, with its scientists frequently acting both as nominators and nominees. During the 1930s, however, the United States rose to prominence, becoming the leading force in global science. By the mid-20th century, American scientists constituted a substantial share of both nominees and nominators, reflecting the nation's emergence as a global research leader. Self-nomination trends align with this hegemonic transition. Despite their dominance in the nomination process during their respective periods of global leadership, neither country demonstrated a particular capacity to influence selection outcomes. Regression analysis reveals limited advantages for nominees from hegemonic nations and no consistent effects for nominators, illustrating the distinction between controlling nominations and shaping laureate selections. This study offers insights into the dynamics of scientific prestige and the relationship between national hegemony and institutional frameworks.
Best friends differ from other friends in terms of their perceived quality, but much is unknown about features that set them apart. The present study examines the stability and reciprocity of friend nominations as a function of their rank. Participants included 580 (312 girls, 268 boys) public primary- and middle-school students (ages 9-13) in Florida (U.S.) and Lithuania. Twice during a single academic year, participants nominated and rank-ordered friends from a roster of classmates. Stable friend nominees (i.e., nominated as a friend in the fall and the spring) and reciprocated friend nominees (i.e., friend nominations returned by the target) were ranked higher than unstable and unreciprocated nominees. Among those making 5 (the median) nominations at the outset, 1st and 2nd ranked friends were more stable and more likely to be reciprocated than 4th and 5th ranked friends. Similar results emerged among those making fewer friend nominations. Results did not differ across locations, underscoring the assertion that best friends ought not be equated with other friends in empirical studies of friendship.
Rice flatsedge (Cyperus iria L.) is one of the most troublesome weeds infesting rice fields across China. Bensulfuron-methyl, an acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide, has been widely used for the control of Cyperaceae weeds in rice production. However, long-term and extensive use of this herbicide has resulted in the evolution of resistant C. iria populations. In this study, a suspected bensulfuron-methyl-resistant (R) population collected from a rice field that survived field-recommended applications was investigated to elucidate its resistance level and underlying mechanism. Compared with a susceptible (S) population, the R population exhibited a high level of resistance to bensulfuron-methyl [resistance index (RI) = 12.88] and cross-resistance to metazosulfuron (RI = 11.66), bispyribac-sodium (RI = 9.10) and penoxsulam (RI = 6.35). No mutations were detected in the ALS gene, and ALS expression levels did not differ significantly between the R and S plants. Pretreatment with the cytochrome P450 inhibitor malathion and the glutathione S-transferase inhibitor 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzoxadiazole effectively reversed bensulfuron-methyl resistance in R plants. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis showed that the R plants metabolized bensulfuron-methyl significantly faster than the S plants. RNA sequenccing analysis revealed remarkable upregulation of CYP97A3 and GSTF1 in the R population, while molecular docking indicated strong binding affinities between both enzymes and bensulfuron-methyl at their active sites. These results reveal that enhanced expression of CYP97A3 and GSTF1 may contribute to bensulfuron-methyl resistance in C. iria, highlighting the role of metabolic detoxification in the evolution of non-target-site resistance in this species. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) is an important target for over 50 commercial herbicides. However, increasing herbicide resistance in weeds has made control difficult, and developing covalent inhibitors may be an effective strategy. Here, a hybrid virtual screening strategy combining structure-based, ligand-based, and molecular simulation calculations was developed based on covalent binding effects and first employed to discover potential AHAS covalent inhibitors. A refined database of 5178 sulfonyl fluoride-containing small molecules was obtained via pesticide similarity screening. The database was initially screened by noncovalent docking, and higher-scoring compounds were reranked using integrated 2D and 3D similarity search tools to obtain 723 molecules. Two potential covalent inhibitors, Z2768276635 and Z2901771932, were successfully screened by covalent docking and DFT calculations. Notably, Z2768276635 showed excellent inhibitory activity against AtAHAS with a Ki value of 0.12 μM, superior to bispyribac (0.44 μM). This work offers a meaningful starting point for developing covalent inhibitor pesticides.
Every four years, the Republican National Convention (RNC) is hosted, selecting the party's nominee for president. In 2024, this event brought 50,000 people to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. This required significant preparation and planning between local, state and federal leaders to ensure the safety of the attendees while minimizing impact on health care delivery to the community. The planning and outcomes of this National Security Special Event are described. We used an observational study design of EMS patient care records documented by Milwaukee County EMS agency from July 15th, 2024 to July 18th, 2024. Descriptive analysis was performed based on event leadership recollection, correspondence and meeting notes in preparation for and during the event. Preparedness plans, staffing documents, prehospital treatment guidelines and patient care data from the event were gathered and utilized to describe event operations with attention to successes and areas for improvement. Substantial collaboration and preparation led to a safe and successful event. Local and regional health resources provided emergency medical services, medical aid stations, and other health related planning and implementation. There were no mass casualty incidents, mass arrests, public health emergencies, or staffing crises. The event served as an opportunity to review and exercise local disaster preparedness plans. A combination of low patient presentation rates and advanced prehospital care on scene at the event minimized the impact on local health systems. Multi-disciplinary collaboration was essential for this event, which required substantial financial, operational and personnel resources. As experts in their communities, local health care leaders must work collaboratively with federal assets in the planning and event implementation. A lack of funding for health care resources meant in kind contributions were required, with many individuals volunteering their time. In the future, dedicated funding for health and medical preparedness may strengthen a community's response to such a large event.
Water quality and eutrophication are major drivers of harmful cyanobacterial blooms. Issues arising from increased nutrient loads, poor water circulation, and temperature influence blooms of toxic cyanobacteria, such as Dolichospermum and Microcystis, which can be detrimental to aquatic organisms in natural and aquaculture systems. Copper sulfate, a U. S. Environmental Protection Agency-approved algicide, has been commonly used to control cyanobacterial blooms, especially in aquaculture systems. While effective, repeated annual use of copper can lead to accumulation in aquatic systems over time. Organic herbicides, which can degrade after application, used in aquaculture systems for weed control may also limit cyanobacterial blooms; however, their efficacy toward different cyanobacterial species is not well defined. Dolichospermum spp. and Microcystis aeruginosa were exposed to 15 herbicides (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, bispyribac sodium, copper sulfate, diquat dibromide, diuron, endothall, hydrogen peroxide, imazapyr, imazamox, fluridon, flumioxazin, glyphosate, penoxsulam, topramezone, and triclopyr) to characterize their effects on cyanobacteria. Dose-response testing was conducted for each herbicide to measure growth rates, chlorophyll, and phycocyanin concentrations to derive inhibitory concentrations (IC50s). Results demonstrated that M. aeruginosa growth was inhibited by copper, diuron, diquat, hydrogen peroxide, and penoxsulam, with diuron having the lowest IC50, indicating it was the most effective chemical for controlling M. aeruginosa. Dolichospermum spp. growth was inhibited by bispyribac sodium, copper, diuron, diquat dibromide, H2O2, and penoxsulam, with both diuron and penoxsulam having lower IC50 values than copper. The research provides a comprehensive overview of how commonly used herbicides affect Dolichospermum spp. and M. aeruginosa, offering insight into alternative management strategies; however, additional research is needed to characterize the long-term efficacy of organic herbicides.
Humans are embedded in complex social networks. To utilize them, they regularly need to recall with whom they are connected. This recall is cognitively demanding and utilizes a variety of heuristic cognitive mechanisms. We empirically investigate traces of these mechanisms in the context of free and repeated recall of positive social relationships (friendships, positive interactions) within an emerging undergraduate student community ([Formula: see text] participants). Applying multinomial modeling, we study the specific sequences in which individuals recalled their peers when prompted in a repeated online survey. We demonstrate that recall sequences are governed by multidimensional aspects: demographic similarity, shared social contexts, relationship quality, and social visibility. These aspects are relevant for the relation between the nominator and nominee but also for the associations between consecutively recalled individuals. Post-hoc analyses suggests that these patterns are stable across individuals and network types, but vary within sequences and as the community matures.
Herbicides are one of the commonly used pesticide groups throughout the world. Following application to agricultural areas, the chemicals are absorbed into the soil and therefore they contaminate groundwater and surface water. Bispyribac sodium, as a herbicide, is widely used in rice fields. However, limited knowledge has been reported on the effects on aquatic life. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of bispyribac sodium on the biochemical parameters of freshwater mussels including oxidative stress and apoptotic biomarkers. The mussels were exposed to 5 and 10 μg/L of bispyribac sodium for 24 h and 7 days. According to the biochemical parameters, TOS and TAS levels of hemolymph significantly decreased at 24 h and 7 days, and malondialdehyde levels in digestive glands were significantly decreased at both exposure times (p < 0.05) while the glutathione and protein carbonyl levels in digestive glands increased after 7-day exposure. Significant increases in MDA levels were observed in gill tissues following bispyribac sodium exposure, particularly after 7 days, indicating pronounced lipid peroxidation. The caspase-1, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 also altered in the exposed groups at 24 h or 7 days in the gills and digestive glands. The data in this study indicated that bispyribac sodium exposure affected the biochemical parameters of freshwater mussels.
Effective sequential herbicide strategies are required for stable productivity in the cultivation of direct-seeded rice (DSR; Oryza sativa). A field experiment was conducted in Sheikhupura, Pakistan to evaluate sequential pre-emergence (PRE) and post-emergence (POST) herbicides in DSR. A split plot experiment was arranged with three PRE herbicides treatments, which were the main plots: (1) M1, Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 2500 mL ha-1; (2) M2, Triafamone + Ethoxysulfuron-ethyl 30% WP @ 185 g ha-1; and (3) M3, No PRE (control). There were also seven POST herbicide treatments, which were the sub-plots: (1) T1, Bispyribac-sodium + Bensulfuron-methyl @ 250 g ha-1 + Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl @ 500 mL ha-1; (2) T2, Bispyribac-sodium + Cyhalofop-butyl @ 250 g ha-1 + Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl @ 500 mL ha-1; (3) T3, Metamifop + Cyhalofop-butyl 20% EC @ 1000 mL ha-1; (4) T4, Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl + Penoxsulam @ 625 mL ha-1; (5) T5, Penoxsulam + Cyhalofop-butyl @ 2000 mL ha-1; (6) T6, Florpyrauxifen-benzyl + Cyhalofop-butyl @ 2750 mL ha-1; and (7) T7, untreated weedy check (control). Sequential herbicide application significantly improved weed control and crop growth. The combination M2T6 recorded lowest weed density and highest weed control efficiency. Weed index declined to 12%, while rice grain yield reached 6752 kg ha-1. Sequential herbicide integration proved effective for sustainable weed management and yield improvement in direct seeded rice.
Lung injury is one of the clinically reported conditions associated with inflammatory bowel diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess, for the first time, alogliptin's possible therapeutic effect in acetic acid (AA)-induced UC and its associated lung injury in rats, with investigation of the probable molecular mechanisms of protection. To induce UC, rats were given a single intrarectal injection of 1 ml of 4% AA. Following 24 h of induction, rats were treated orally with ALO for 2 weeks at doses of 15 or 30 mg/kg/day. Higher-dose of ALO provided an ancillary improvement towards the treatment of AA-induced UC and its associated lung injury compared to lower-dose of ALO. Notably, ALO improved the rats' overall health, body weights and mitigated the pathological changes induced by AA in the colon and lungs. Besides, ALO enhanced tight junction integrity by modulating the gut DPP-4/GLPs axis, which in turn led to inhibition of systemic inflammation induced by TNF-α/claudin-1 axis. These outcomes subsequently prevented the pulmonary injury associated with TLR4/NF-κB p65/TNF-α, RIPK1/MLKL/HMGB1, IRE-1α/p-JNK, oxidative stress, and TGF-β1/COL1A1/COL3A1 cascades with notable anti-fibrotic effects. In this context, ALO could be a promising nominee for the treatment of UC and its associated pulmonary injury through attenuating colonic inflammation, preserving gut integrity, and preventing systemic inflammation and its associated lung-induced injury.
Letters of recommendation and nomination play an essential role in the distribution of many key positions, prizes, awards, and grants, particularly for early career nominees. There is very little scientific evidence about how to write such letters most effectively when the goal is to win in a competitive field. When writing a nomination letter, we believe a compelling narrative is a powerful and sometimes underused tool to make a more effective nomination. This article presents an approach to a narrative-centered nomination letter that places the nominee's achievements in the context of a simplified storytelling arc. We emphasize that effective letters use classic, well-understood tropes to allow readers to efficiently understand, retain facts about, and root for ongoing successes of nominees. We argue that this can be done without exaggeration or distortion and that providing a coherent tale, supported by evidence, is a crucial and distinctive component of effective letter writing.
The increasing use of pesticides in intensive cultivation practices poses significant environmental risks due to their persistence, leaching, and adverse impacts on non-target organisms. Rice husk, an agricultural by-product, was functionalized with zinc chloride and bentonite for the removal of three commonly used pesticides; imidacloprid, carbendazim, and bispyribac sodium. Engineered rice husk biochar (ERHB) was produced via the co-pyrolysis of 10 g of rice husk, 5 g of bentonite and 5 g of ZnCl2 at 500 °C for 2 h, and it removed 96.43, 84.47 and 78.94% of spiked bispyribac sodium, carbendazim, and imidacloprid, respectively, from water through sorption. Physico-chemical characterization revealed significant structural and surface chemistry changes upon modification and their role in enhancing adsorption. Elemental analysis of ERHB confirmed the incorporation of clay minerals along with Zn. Adsorption experiments showed that pesticide removal was mainly influenced by initial concentration, contact time, and adsorbent dosage, while solution pH had little effect. Kinetic and isotherm models further explained the adsorption mechanisms. ERHB could remove 86.37 82.52 and 85.82% of spiked imidacloprid, carbendazim, and bispyribac sodium from the mixed-pesticide solution under optimized sorption conditions. ERHB could also remove over 95% of 50 pesticides and three synthetic dyes including bromocresol green (44.6%), allura red (75.3%), and methylene blue (89.7%) from water. Thus, the ERHB can be used as a multi-class pesticide and dye removal agent from aqueous media, offering potential for integrated water remediation strategies in agro ecosystems.
The use of electrical neuromodulation has often been limited to those with previous back surgery, peripheral neuropathy, and complex regional pain syndrome. Many patients with severe intractable low back pain were thought to be candidates for spinal cord stimulation (SCS), dorsal root ganglion stimulation, or peripheral nerve stimulation but did not meet the criteria. Recently, additional high-level data has supported the use of SCS in non-surgical low back pain (NSLBP), and United States Food and Drug Administration approval has been granted. The American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN) executive committee realized an unmet need to develop criteria for patient selection for this specific patient population. This is a NEURON project (neuroscience, education, utilization, risk mitigation, optimal outcomes, and neuromodulation), a living guideline for evolving therapies and indications, and is focused on the use of neuraxial stimulation for the treatment of refractory pain. After board approval, the society accepted nominees for the project, with an emphasis on experience, publication, research, and diversity. The team created an outline for discussion, chose a grading system based on published guidelines, and created consensus points. The evidence led to several consensus points to best guide patient selection based on the level of evidence and expert opinion. The results will lead to improved safety and efficacy in implanted patients, and to a new standard for best practices. The selection of patients for implantation in those who have NSLBP should be based on published literature, best practice, and expert opinion. This NEURON project will allow for regular updates to create a living guideline that will allow for better assimilation of information to improve safety and efficacy going forward.