IntroductionChildren and young people (CYP) with long-term physical health conditions (LTCs) are at increased risk of emotional and behavioural difficulties, yet barriers to psychological support remain, particularly for families from ethnic minority backgrounds. Mental health drop-in services were set up and evaluated at 6 paediatric healthcare settings, aiming to provide a more accessible route to care.MethodsThis study conducted a secondary analysis of quantitative and qualitative data collected as part of the multi-site roll-out of mental health drop-in services in paediatric healthcare settings to explore their accessibility and acceptability. The services provided short-term psychological interventions delivered by child wellbeing practitioners or equivalent, under supervision of a clinical psychologist 120 families provided quantitative data, and 104 families shared qualitative feedback. Differences in access routes and mental health symptoms were compared across White British families and those from different ethnicities. Inductive, latent content analysis of the open text feedback was conducted to understand families' experiences of the drop-in services.ResultsCYP from ethnic minority backgrounds were over-represented in the present study (32%), when compared with nationwide CAMHs users that identify as non-white British (21%). Families from ethnic minority backgrounds reported comparable mental health outcomes and satisfaction levels to White British families. There was a significant difference in mental health change scores, with ethnic minority families showing greater improvements after accessing the service, t (46) = -3.05, p < .01, d = -1.08. Qualitative analysis found that the services were highly acceptable across ethnicities, highlighting themes of life-changing support, therapeutic relationships, and improved parent and family wellbeing.DiscussionDrop-in services embedded in paediatric healthcare settings are both accessible and acceptable, demonstrating positive clinical outcomes, and positive family feedback across different ethnic groups. This model may help reduce inequalities by improving access to psychological support for ethnic minority families with CYP living with LTCs. Why was the study done? Children and young people with long term illnesses are more likely than others to have poor mental health. However, these children and their families usually struggle to access mental health support. Receiving support can be even harder for families from non-White backgrounds. A drop-in service providing short-term mental health support for these children was set up at six children’s hospitals across England. This study looked at how families from non-White backgrounds accessed these services, and whether it helped their mental health. It also explored what all families, across ethnicities, thought of the service. What did the researchers do? Researchers looked at the mental health of 120 families before and after using the service. They explored if families from non-White backgrounds had the same experience as White British families who used the service. Families gave feedback about the service. This was used to understand what families thought of the service, what they liked about it and what they thought could be improved. What did the researchers find? Researchers found that many families who were not White used the service. Non-White families’ mental health symptoms improved more than White families’ after using the service. Families from all backgrounds shared very positive experiences with the service, mainly focusing on how it changed children's lives, improved parents' mental health, and how it was an easy way to get support. What do the findings mean? Families from all backgrounds shared positive experiences reaching and using the service. Providing mental healthcare this way at children's hospitals may make it easier for children with long term illnesses and families from all ethnicities to receive mental health support.
Worldwide, mental health systems continue to grapple with providing recovery-oriented services as part of broader reform efforts. Critical to the objective of transforming mental health services is the employment of a rights-based, non-clinical lived experience workforce. Vital to undertaking the roles, and supporting this workforce, is a comprehensive understanding of the knowledge and practices of the discipline, particularly in situations where rapid growth may see this workforce developing in an ad hoc way. The aim of this review was to determine how members of the mental health lived experience workforce describe and enact our discipline, by synthesising evidence and illustrations. A narrative review methodology employed searches for international peer reviewed literature and policy documents related to lived experience work. Resources required at least one mental health lived experience author. We used a deductive approach to the categorisation of three designated mental health lived experience role types: service delivery (such as peer support); leadership; and Indigenous. An inductive approach was then taken to identify the knowledge and practices informing the three role types. Relevant texts were allocated amongst the research team, independently read, coded and themed, followed by team discussions to reach consensus where there were conflicts. After full text reading, we identified 25 resources. There were many more resources about the knowledge and practices of lived experience direct service delivery than about leadership roles. Three themes emerged from the knowledge and practices for each role type. For direct service roles knowledge was: having been there; knowing helpful qualities of relationships; and knowing how to use your own lived experience intentionally. Practices for direct service roles were: working relationally, sharing lived experiences in a meaningful way and working in a values and rights-based way. Knowledge required for leadership was: ethical decision-making; being informed by collective/shared history and knowing how to create change. Required practices were: transforming services from within; embedding the lived experience workforce and championing justice. Themes describing Indigenous knowledge were: challenging exclusively Euro-centric modes of treatment, truth-telling and self-determination. Emerging themes on practices of designated Indigenous lived experience workforces were: relational and community approaches, trauma informed, and culturally sensitive and safe practices. Articulation of the knowledge and practices underpinning the lived experience discipline is required for this workforce to be confident in the scope, purpose and history of their roles and for organisations to successfully establish them and provide effective supports. For Indigenous workers in designated lived experience roles, approaches to wellbeing and cultural practices cannot be separated from the way that the roles are carried out. Embedding Indigenous leadership, knowledge and practices would strengthen the human rights, justice-based and non-clinical nature of these roles, is a necessary response to colonial violence and would guide workforce development for other LE staff, mental health professionals, and mental health service development.
Values are considered central to psychological well-being and mental health, yet the effects of brief interventions targeting valued living remain underexamined. Mobile phone-based delivery may offer a feasible way to implement values-based microinterventions in daily life, while photography may help make values more concrete and accessible. This protocol describes a randomized controlled trial evaluating three values-based microinterventions with and without photography on mental health and values-related outcomes, while also exploring the role of values practice quality as a moderating variable. A three-arm, single-blind randomized controlled trial with university students will be conducted. Participants will be randomized to one of three groups: (1) Reading What Matters, a standard written values-based microintervention condition; (2) Capturing What Matters, a photography-supported version of the same microinterventions; or (3) a control group completing only the assessment protocol. Distal outcomes will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and two-week follow-up, and will include mental health outcomes, values-related outcomes, and baseline mental imagery ability. Proximal outcomes will be assessed repeatedly through ecological momentary assessments during the intervention period and will include momentary mental health states, momentary valued living processes, and values practice quality. This study will provide initial evidence on the effects of values-based microinterventions on mental health and valued living, the potential contribution of photography, and the role of practice quality in values-focused work.
This study aimed to describe rural data from the Australian National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing survey (2020-2022) to assess strengths-based questions, differences by rurality, and factors associated with excellent social connectedness. Survey questions were mapped to the Rural Strengths Socioecological Framework. Descriptive and logistic analyses assessed rural adults' use of strengths by remoteness and presence of affective/anxiety disorders in the past 12 months. Logistic regression explored factors associated with social connectedness. Survey questions reflected some strengths within the Framework including self-management techniques, family and friend support, social connectedness, and health care personnel. However, questions were primarily framed using a deficit perspective and many strengths from the Framework (i.e. nature, rural norms, culture, and lay personnel) were absent. Most strengths did not differ significantly between levels of rurality, though making healthy diet choices (as a self-management technique) was significantly lower in remote areas. Adults without affective/anxiety disorders more often reported good social support and self-efficacy. Conversely, those with affective/anxiety disorders were more likely to self-manage and access consultations for mental health. Excellent social connectedness was associated with better mental health. The survey questions reflected limited strengths. Future surveys should include a broader range of strengths-based questions spanning the extent of the Rural Strengths Socioecological Framework. Healthy diet choices as a self-management tool in remote areas may need to be prioritised. Findings also suggest the need for targeted approaches to protect, improve, or leverage social connectedness for those with more severe illness in rural areas.
Higher sport specialization levels have been associated with increased mental health issues. A recently validated questionnaire, the Wisconsin Sport Specialization Questionnaire (WISSQ), may provide clarity about the degree of sport specialization to investigate associations with mental health/quality of life (QoL) among adolescent athletes. To examine the association of sports specialization, as measured by the WISSQ, and mental health/QoL outcomes among uninjured adolescent athletes, as well as the effect of age on the interaction between mental health/QoL outcomes and sport specialization. Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 2. During the preseason assessment, performed in July and August from 2023 to 2025, participants completed the WISSQ and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global 25 (Version 1.1). A multiple linear regression model was constructed that evaluated the association between 6 PROMIS domains and WISSQ ratings, adjusting for age, sex, and self-reported physical activity volume. To address the secondary purpose, linear regression models with an interaction term were used to examine the association between each PROMIS domain and age with sport specialization. A total of 251 uninjured adolescent athletes completed the study (mean ± SD age, 15.9 ± 1.4 years). The mean WISSQ rating was 54.1 (SD, 15.4). Results from the multivariable linear regression model indicated that higher depressive symptoms (β = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.16-0.76; P = .003) and pain interference ratings (β = 0.30; 95% CI, 0.02-0.57; P = .03) were significantly associated with higher WISSQ ratings, after adjusting for baseline physical activity, age, sex, and history of anxiety or depression diagnosis. For the secondary purpose, there was a significant interaction between fatigue and age group on sport specialization (β coefficient = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.02-0.95; P = .04). The relationship between fatigue and sport specialization differed by age: a stronger association occurred among older adolescents than younger adolescents. There were no other age × QoL interactions. This study demonstrated that higher depressive symptoms and pain interference ratings were significantly associated with higher WISSQ ratings. In addition, there was a significant interaction between fatigue and age group, with a stronger association identified among older adolescents. Higher specialized and older adolescent athletes may be more at risk for developing mental health/QoL concerns and may benefit from more targeted screening.
In corporate life, job loss is a multidimensional crisis that not only threatens individuals' economic security but also profoundly shakes psychological balance, sense of identity, and future expectations. The aim of this study is to identify the factors that most significantly impact the early mental recovery process after job loss in corporate life and to develop an integrated decision-making model to guide decision-makers based on these factors. In this study, a total of 17 criteria are first identified through a literature review. Then, the N-gram technique is used to identify the seven most important criteria according to their frequency of use. Opinions are obtained from 12 academics and field professionals who are experts in the field; these opinions are weighted using the Z-score-based normalized ideal distance method to account for demographic differences. Criteria importance levels are then calculated using the SIWEC (simple weight calculation) method. This study contributes significantly to the literature by (1) systematically prioritizing the most critical factors affecting early mental recovery with a holistic approach, (2) minimizing the uncertainty and subjective judgment problems in expert opinions by developing behavioral leadership fuzzy set structures, and (3) increasing the objectivity and accuracy of the model by reducing the number of criteria based on a scientific basis using the N-gram technique. The findings indicate that financial security and resilience are the most critical factors in recovery, while self-confidence and access to healthcare are among the other important factors that directly affect the process.
Population displacement is a current, accelerating global trend and countries have legal obligations to offer asylum seekers refuge and timely rehabilitation. The mental health of this population is shaped by traumatic experiences, making access to specialist mental health services a critical part of meeting responsibilities. This perspective paper explores Ireland's mental health services for refugees and asylum seekers and finds it insufficiently equipped due to underfunding, workforce shortages, lack of specialist units and insufficient numbers of specialist trained psychotherapists. Comparative European examples indicate that targeted policies, coordinated investment, and specialist workforce are essential to support legal obligations and meaningful integration. These findings aim to prompt Irish policymakers and healthcare providers to consider strategic reform.
Chronic pain and mental health conditions are often conceptualised and communicated to young people, and others, as totally separate entities. Taken together however, 'one plus one does not equal two', with this comorbidity representing a cumulative load impacting beyond either condition alone. Yet care is often siloed, and a reason why young people are bounced from one silo to another. Drawing on recent calls to action on delivering transformative action in paediatric pain and youth mental health, we consider how, as a community, we can strengthen person-centred equitable care with and for young people experiencing these comorbid conditions, in the context of their broader health and wellbeing. Assembling a diverse transdisciplinary and cross-sectoral group of international pain and health systems experts, including a young lived experience partner, we have co-created transformation targets to improve the care and lives of young people living with these comorbid conditions. We propose practical actionable solutions to better support 'connected needs, connected care and connected systems', with the goal of improving young people's health and wellbeing now and into the future. PERSPECTIVE: This commentary presents co-created transformation targets aimed at strengthening person-centred care for young people experiencing co-occurring chronic pain and mental health conditions. Practical actions are provided to connect young people's needs, care, and systems to support person-centred and equitable care relevant to context.
The nature and causes of neuropsychiatric symptoms in children and young people (CYP) with Long Covid are debated in current research. This study explored CYP perceptions of their mental health difficulties in association with Long Covid diagnoses. Nine CYP were interviewed, asking about their experiences of Long Covid and mental health. Data was analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. There were two principal findings in this research. (1) Participants related their mental health difficulties to difficulties associated with having Long Covid and wider system pressures. (2) Participants spoke about the impact of stigma in healthcare services delaying access to specialist medical professionals. Findings suggest that healthcare services need to be better informed, and to reduce barriers to access healthcare services. These measures would reduce the pressure on families to fight for services.
In mental health occupational therapy (MHOT) fieldwork, the volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity (VUCA) environment poses challenges for students. The present study, conducted in Taiwan, aimed to identify pre-fieldwork core competencies essential for preparing occupational therapy undergraduates for mental health fieldwork, with a focus on professional readiness and resilience. A two-round Delphi survey was conducted with MHOT fieldwork instructors across Taiwan. Round 1 included 14 experts (10 completed) and generated preliminary items through qualitative analysis. Round 2 involved 20 experts (16 completed) who rated item appropriateness and agreement. Consensus was evaluated using descriptive statistics and predefined thresholds. Expert consensus confirmed 15 pre-fieldwork core competencies; each meeting established subjective criteria (median, interquartile range, standard deviation). Content validity ratios exceeded 0.49, averaging 0.76. The Percentage of Positive Ratings ranged from 52.94% to 94.12%, averaging 82.75%, surpassing the 70% threshold. Kendall's W showed moderate agreement for definition appropriateness (0.494, p < 0.000) and overall agreement (0.34, p < 0.000). Metrics for convergence, consensus and stability (0.34-0.85) confirmed strong expert alignment. The framework comprises 11 core and 4 adaptive competencies, organised into 5 domains, and provides a practice-oriented blueprint for early clinical preparation in VUCA-challenged mental health settings.
To identify the independent predictors of mental health and quality of life (QOL) among elite youth soccer athletes. Cross-sectional observational study. Study materials were distributed to the Elite Clubs National League (ECNL) clubs through an online survey. 668 adolescent athletes aged 13 to 18 years. Independent variables included age, sex, previous week sleep duration, athletic identity (AI), previous injury, and racial/ethnic minority status. Main outcome measures were anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and QOL (PedsQL). Separate multivariable regression models evaluated independent predictors of each outcome. Independent predictors of anxiety were age (β = 0.28 ± 0.072, P < 0.001), female sex (β = -1.7±-0.40, P < 0.001), sleep (β = -0.88 ± 0.16, P < 0.001), AI (β = 0.11±-0.034, P = 0.002), and injury (β = 1.2±-0.37, P = 0.001), but not racial/ethnic minority status (β = 0.35 ± 0.39, P = 0.37). Independent predictors of depression included age (β = 0.29 ± 0.070, P < 0.001), female sex (β = -1.4 ± 0.41, P < 0.001), sleep (β = -1.2 ± 0.16, P < 0.001), injury (β = 0.88 ± 0.37, P = 0.019), and racial/ethnic minority status (β = 0.81 ± 0.40, P = 0.004), but not AI (β = 0.049 ± 0.035, P = 0.16). Independent predictors of QOL were age (β = -0.60 ± 0.19, P = 0.001), sleep (β = 2.6 ± 0.43, P < 0.001), injury (β = -3.7 ± 0.98, P < 0.001), and AI (β = -0.22 ± 0.092, P = 0.016), but not sex (β = 1.8 ± 1.1, P = 0.10) or racial/ethnic minority status (β = -1.5 ± 1.0, P = 0.16). In all models, sleep had the greatest relative importance (38%-56%). Among youth soccer athletes, greater age, female sex, previous injury, and less sleep were independent predictors of anxiety and depression, whereas greater age, previous injury, less sleep, and higher AI predicted lower QOL. Sleep emerged as the strongest modifiable factor, highlighting its importance in psychosocial wellbeing, to the extent that sleep contributes to these outcomes.
暂无摘要（点击查看详情）
暂无摘要（点击查看详情）
Compared with heterosexual persons, non-heterosexual persons have worse mental health. Sexual Minority Stress Theory (SMST) explains the disparity as resulting from stigma and discrimination. To the extent that heterosexual genetic relatives reared with non-heterosexual persons also have worse mental health, SMST is falsified. We conducted a systematic meta-analysis of studies containing family-genetic comparison data to interrogate the empirical support for SMST. We systematically identified 17 empirical studies in which twins or non-twin siblings reported on both their sexual orientation and their mental health. Subsequently, we conducted a multilevel meta-analysis, focusing on the degree to which any sexual orientation disparity in mental health diminished with genetic relatedness. Most of the mental health disparities between non-heterosexual and heterosexual persons were eliminated after controlling for family-genetic factors. The mental health disparity between non-heterosexual and heterosexual persons is reduced by up to two-thirds once familial background factors are accounted for by comparing monozygotic twins discordant for sexual orientation. This suggests that shared familial causes, and not minority stress, are the most important causes of mental health disparities in non-heterosexual persons.
Filipino men form a substantial proportion of the global seafaring workforce, particularly in the cruise line industry. The psychosocial, occupational, and environmental conditions influence their health, presenting challenges that are overlooked and unacknowledged and necessitating a systematic mapping of their health conditions and health care access. This scoping review aims to map the literature on the health conditions of Filipino men working in cruise lines to (1) describe prevalent health conditions; (2) identify mental health issues; (3) summarize the psychosocial, occupational, and environmental factors influencing health; (4) explore facilitators and barriers to health care access; and (5) characterize initiatives, interventions, and support systems. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Scoping Reviews methodology was utilized and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and relevant maritime health databases were searched from January 2010 to August 2025. In total, 20 publications were included. Filipino men working in cruise lines face a wide range of risk factors for physical and mental health conditions. Occupational hazards, such as noise, vibration, and poor workspace layout, coupled with limited access to fresh food and exercise, aggravate these conditions. While health promotion programs appeared in the literature, onboard health services are often limited, leading to reliance on repatriation and underreporting due to fear of job loss or stigma. A critical need remains for enhanced onboard medical services, culturally sensitive mental health support, robust legal protection, and comprehensive health promotion programs that address the various domains of their profession.
Multimodal prehabilitation improves outcomes in colorectal surgery, but its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness before metabolic and bariatric surgery are unknown. To evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a 6-week multimodal prehabilitation programme compared with standard preintervention education in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Propensity score matched cohort observational study at Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, China, January 2022 to January 2025. Sixty prehabilitation patients were matched 1:1 to 60 controls from 254 standard care candidates using nearest-neighbour matching on the logit of the propensity score. Follow-up was 12 months. A 6-week programme of supervised exercise, nutritional counselling, and psychological support vs 2 standard preoperative counselling sessions. All patients underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy. Total weight loss at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included body composition, metabolic parameters, functional capacity, patient-reported outcomes, safety, and healthcare costs. Among 120 matched patients (mean [SD] age, 32.6 [5.2] years; 65.8% male; mean body mass index [BMI], 38.2 [3.2] kg/m2), total weight loss at 12 months did not differ between groups (23.7 [5.1] vs 23.4 [2.7] kg; difference, 0.3 kg; 95% CI, -1.3 to 1.8; p = 0.75). At 3 months, prehabilitation showed significantly greater weight loss (adjusted β = 2.85 kg; 95% CI, 1.77 to 3.93; p < 0.001), lower body fat, lower diastolic blood pressure, and higher Short Form-36 (SF-36) mental scores. All differences were attenuated by 6 months. No serious adverse events occurred. Total costs were modestly higher in the prehabilitation group (mean, ¥84 843 vs ¥78 051), a difference attributable almost entirely to the prehabilitation programme itself; because the incremental effect on weight loss at 12 months was not statistically significant, a meaningful incremental cost-effectiveness ratio could not be estimated. A 6-week multimodal prehabilitation programme accelerated early postoperative weight loss and improved short-term functional outcomes but did not improve total weight loss at 12 months. Because prehabilitation added cost without a demonstrable difference in 12-month weight loss, a cost-effectiveness advantage could not be established. The dominant metabolic effects of bariatric surgery appear to override the incremental gains of preoperative conditioning over time.
Multimorbidity (MM) is a major public health challenge, particularly in ageing populations. Living alone and loneliness are distinct psychosocial conditions linked to adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association of living alone and loneliness with MM among middle- and older-aged Portuguese adults. Data were drawn from EPIPorto, a cohort study encompassing 2485 adults evaluated from 1999-2003 to 2022. Based on international consensus criteria, MM outcomes included: (1) a count of all chronic conditions; (2) a count of specific aggregated conditions (cardiovascular, metabolic-endocrine, mental-behavioural, and musculoskeletal); (3-6) counts specific by body system. Living alone was assessed through household size. Loneliness was measured using the Portuguese version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale, analysing the total score and its two dimensions (UCLA Social Isolation [UCLA-SI] and UCLA Affinities [UCLA-A]). Missing data were handled through multiple imputation by chained equations. Generalized linear models with a Poisson distribution were used to estimate adjusted relative risks (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Larger households (living with two or more persons) were associated with an increased risk of metabolic-endocrine conditions (aRR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.11-2.02). Loneliness increased the risk of MM for the specific aggregation of conditions (aRR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05-1.21), particularly mental-behavioural conditions (aRR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.11-1.40). Higher UCLA-SI scores increased the risk for the specific aggregation of conditions (aRR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.08-1.35), cardiovascular (aRR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.05-1.32), metabolic-endocrine (aRR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.05-1.37), and mental-behavioural conditions (aRR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.07-1.56). Living alone and loneliness were differently associated with MM. Public health interventions should consider these distinctions to promote healthy ageing and reduce MM burden.
Caffeine consumption is universal among university students and may be linked with mental health and sleep problems. Yet evidence on the patterns of use, underlying motives, and their links with depression and sleep disturbance among Bangladeshi students is limited. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of caffeine consumption, identify associates, and explore the relationship among caffeine use disorder (CUD), motives, depressive symptoms, and sleep problems. A cross-sectional study using random sampling was conducted among 530 university students [ M Age :21.76 (SD:1.79), 56.8% male]. Participants reported caffeine consumption, motives, depressive and sleep problems symptoms. Network analysis was used to assess item-level connections, and structural equation modeling (SEM) tested direct and indirect pathways. Nearly 72% of students reported consuming caffeine. Consumption was significantly associated with monthly family expenditure, academic year, smoking habit, and having a loan or debt. Network analysis revealed strong connections among CUD symptoms, particularly impaired control, tolerance, withdrawal, and continued use despite harm. Craving and self-reward motives acted as key bridge nodes. Depressive symptoms and sleep problems were closely linked, with clinically relevant bridges involving suicidal ideation and concentration difficulties. SEM showed that CUD had a significant direct effect on sleep problems and an indirect effect through depressive symptoms, while motives did not directly affect sleep disturbance. Visible clusters among symptoms and CUD's direct and indirect effects through depression on sleep problems highlight the need for psychoeducation on healthy caffeine consumption and screening for mental health problems for better sleep quality.
Climate change anxiety is increasingly recognized as a mental health concern, with emerging evidence linking it to poorer well-being and highlighting the need to clarify its cognitive-emotional and functional dimensions. The current research explored the relationship between climate anxiety and mental health outcomes, using a large nationally representative sample. The results revealed that climate change anxiety was positively related to negative affect and anger. Climate anxiety cognitive impairment was positively related to positive affect and life satisfaction. However, climate anxiety functional impairment showed a different pattern, being negatively associated with life satisfaction at the bivariate level but no longer remaining a significant predictor once generalized anxiety state and trait were included in the model. Climate change anxiety showed moderate positive correlations with generalized anxiety, both state and trait. Finally, in exploratory cross-sectional mediation models, anger statistically accounted for part of the association between climate change anxiety and both negative affect and life satisfaction, but not positive affect. This study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the psychological processes involved in climate anxiety and its relation with subjective well-being.