Thymoma is associated with various immunological abnormalities, most notably Good syndrome; however, the full spectrum of immune dysfunction in these patients remains unclear. To evaluate the clinical and immunological characteristics of patients with thymoma and to identify occult immunodeficiency as well as associated autoimmune, infectious, and allergic conditions. In this retrospective single-center study, 37 adult patients with thymoma who had undergone thymectomy were evaluated at least one year after surgery. Clinical data, autoimmune and allergic comorbidities, infection history, and immunological parameters including immunoglobulin levels and lymphocyte subsets were analyzed. Good syndrome was identified in 2 patients (5.4%). However, additional immunological abnormalities were observed, including NK cell deficiency (16.2%), B cell lymphopenia (5.4%), isolated IgM deficiency (5.4%), and IgG subclass deficiency in 1 patient (2.7%). Recurrent infections were reported in 67.6% of patients. Autoimmune diseases were present in 86% and allergic diseases in 43.2% of patients. Patients with immunological abnormalities tended to have a higher frequency of recurrent infections. Our findings suggest that immune dysfunction in patients with thymoma may extend beyond classical Good syndrome and may involve a broader spectrum of immunological abnormalities. Systematic and long-term immunological evaluation may be important for the early detection and management of these conditions.
Patients who have undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) no longer have anatomy that is amenable to trans-oral endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatogram (ERCP). Laparoscopic-assisted ERCP (LA-ERCP), which combines laparoscopic and endoscopic techniques to access the patient's biliary tree, is a possible solution. Historically, there have been concerns about the safety and feasibility of this procedure. The aim of this case series is to explore the outcomes of LA-ERCP at a single high-volume centre. This is a retrospective case series of all patients undergoing LA-ERCP at a single high-volume UK centre between 2015 and 2024. A total of 17 patients underwent 19 LA-ERCPs during the above time period. Of the 19 LA-ERCPs, 16 were completed successfully with no complications and the majority of patients were discharged home within four days post-procedure. This is the largest reported UK cohort of patients who have undergone LA-ERCP. LA-ERCP is an effective, safe and viable option for patients who are unable to undergo trans-oral ERCP.
Identifying vulnerabilities in older patients through comprehensive geriatric assessment is crucial but resource-intensive. This prospective study validated shorter tools- Onco-multidimensional prognostic index (MPI) and Geriatric-8 (G8) for predicting 2-year mortality in breast cancer patients and developed a nomogram using significant clinical predictors. The geriatric assessment was done in newly diagnosed treatment-naïve breast cancer patients with age ≥65 years. Overall survival was analysed by Kaplan-Meier test; univariate and multivariate analyses done to determine predictors of survival using Cox-proportional hazards model. A nomogram was constructed based on multivariate model and validated using calibration curve. Among 300 patients (median age 70 years, IQR 67-74), 95.6% had ECOG-PS 0-1. High-grade histology and lympho-vascular invasion (LVI) positivity were seen in 77% and 30%, respectively. Most patients (77.6%) were non-metastatic. Luminal, HER2+ and triple negative subtype was present in 70%, 10.3% and 18.7% tumours. Rate of non-compliance to treatment was 25%. At median follow-up of 28.8 months, 2-year survival was 78%. The 2-year mortality for Onco-MPI categories was 13.36% (low-risk), 25.9% (medium-risk) and 29.8% (high-risk); high versus low-risk showed statistical difference (HR 2.68, 95% CI 1.13, 6.37; p = 0.026). G8 scores ≤14 and ≤12 both significantly predicted survival (p = 0.001; p = 0.005). On multivariate analysis, higher nodal stage, metastatic status, triple negative breast cancer subtype and LVI positivity independently predicted poorer survival. G8 score remained a significant predictor at both cut-offs (≤14 and ≤12) compared to Onco-MPI. A nomogram integrating nodal stage, metastatic status, LVI and G8 predicted 1- and 2-year survival with a C-index of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.65-0.84) and demonstrated good calibration at 12 and 24 months. In elderly breast cancer patients, G8 score was a stronger predictor of survival, outperforming onco-MPI. The nomogram combining conventional prognostic factors with G8 showed good discrimination for pre-treatment prognostication.
Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) represents an alternative to anticoagulation therapy for stroke prevention in selected patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Mitral valve repair with the MitraClip system is nowadays a specific therapy for patients who are not eligible for surgery. G. G. 71 years old, F, admitted to the neurology ward of our hospital with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Recent discharge from the cardiology unit after mitral valve repair with the MitraClip system and LAAC with the Amplatzer device. A transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed. The TEE showed good position of the LAAC device with no leaks and the presence of a thrombotic formation (0.9 cm × 0.7 cm) on the atrial surface of the LAAC device [Figure 1a arrows and Video 1]. Anticoagulant therapy with LMWH 6000 UI X2 was started. A follow-up TEE was performed 1 month postdischarge, showing the complete resolution of the thrombotic formation [Figure 1b and Video 2]. LAAC is a safe and effective procedure with a low rate of complications. Device-related thrombosis occurred in a minority of cases (2.8%). Combined MitraClip and LAAC is deemed feasible and safe, even though there are no large specific trials on this topic. In our case, we assume that the rapid reduction in mitral regurgitation and the rapid increase of aortic valve gradient, even if of little entity, could have caused a prothrombotic state that has caused the LAA device thrombosis. a device-related thrombosis must be taken into account in patients presenting with ischemic stroke without a clear cause.
Cognitive impairment is common but often underrecognized in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and is associated with adverse outcomes. Short-term risk prediction tools in this population remain limited. We aimed to develop and internally validate a model for predicting 2-year incident cognitive impairment in MHD patients with normal baseline cognition. We conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study in five hospitals in Beijing and Tianjin, China. Adults with normal baseline cognition were enrolled between July and September 2022 and reassessed at 24 months (±3 months) using the Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Among 625 eligible participants, 441 (71%) completed follow-up and were analyzed. Candidate predictors were prespecified based on prior evidence and clinical relevance. A prediction model was developed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression and internally validated with 1,000 bootstrap iterations. At 2 years, 158 of 441 participants (36%) developed incident cognitive impairment. Six predictors were retained: age, years of education, hearing level, depression status, sleep quality, and hemoglobin level. The final model showed good discrimination and calibration, with an apparent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.831 (95% CI 0.795-0.866) and a Brier score of 0.145 (95% CI 0.130-0.161). Compared with a baseline model including age and years of education, the final model showed better discrimination (AUC 0.831 vs. 0.797; DeLong test, P = 0.002) and improved overall fit (likelihood ratio test, P < 0.001). Bootstrap validation yielded an optimism-corrected AUC of 0.800 (95% CI 0.724-0.878) and a corrected Brier score of 0.151. A predicted probability of 0.364 identified higher-risk individuals. This prospectively developed model estimated 2-year risk of incident cognitive impairment in MHD patients using readily obtainable indicators. It may support risk stratification, prioritized cognitive screening, and targeted assessment of potentially modifiable factors.
While the Big Five Inventory-2 offers efficient assessment of personality domains and facets, continuous psychometric evaluation remains crucial to ensure valid personality assessment. The present study examined whether the dimensional structure and measurement properties of the German BFI-2 remain invariant across offline and online contexts and methods (self- and other-ratings). Data from 403 self-raters and 151 informants were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory structural equation modeling, and measurement invariance testing where offline self-ratings served as baseline condition. Reliability was generally good, and the Big Five structure was largely replicated, though several items showed context- or method-specific deviations, particularly within Agreeableness and Negative Emotionality. Partial scalar invariance of the original model structure was achieved at facet level, although overall fit was poor for other-ratings, while only metric invariance emerged at domain level. Exploratory analyses revealed that correlations between self-ratings across contexts were highest, and that self-other agreement was stronger online than offline. Regression models predicting internet use showed that traits often exhibited opposite effects across contexts, with online traits explaining incremental variance, although overall explained variance was small. Findings highlight that both context and method affect the properties of the BFI-2, underscoring the importance of psychometric evaluation across diverse conditions.
Invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR) is the gold standard for guiding coronary revascularization. Angiography-derived FFR techniques such as the quantitative flow ratio (QFR) provide a less invasive alternative. Prior studies generally demonstrated good agreement between QFR and FFR, but the effect of hydrostatic pressure differences has not been quantitated as a potential source of systematic discrepancy. We investigated whether correcting invasive FFR for hydrostatic pressure error improved its agreement with QFR in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) lesions. We studied 33 coronary lesions in the LAD. Invasive FFR was measured using the standard pressure-wire technique under hyperemia. Murray law-based QFR (μQFR) was computed from invasive coronary angiography. The vertical height difference between the coronary ostium and the distal sensor position was measured on coronary angiographic images from a lateral view, and the hydrostatic pressure offset was added to the distal pressure reading. FFR was recalculated with this hydrostatic correction. We compared uncorrected FFR and hydrostatic pressure-corrected FFR against μQFR. Hydrostatic correction increased the mean FFR from 0.78 ± 0.11 to 0.81 ± 0.10 (p < 0.0001), virtually matching the mean μQFR (0.81 ± 0.10). The Pearson correlation between μQFR and FFR was high both before and after correction (r = 0.95, p < 0.0001). However, Bland-Altman analysis showed that correcting the hydrostatic error eliminated the small bias between FFR and μQFR (mean difference bias improved from +0.03 to 0.00). By ROC analysis, an uncorrected FFR <0.80 was best predicted by μQFR <0.84 [area under the curve (AUC) 0.976], whereas using hydrostatic pressure-corrected FFR <0.80 corresponded to a μQFR threshold <0.78 (AUC 0.977). Correcting FFR for hydrostatic pressure improved its agreement with μQFR, suggesting that accounting for this error may enhance the consistency of physiologic lesion assessments.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a very frequently occurring cancer type. A salivary biomarker-based noninvasive diagnostic technique helps as promising method in the early detection of cancer. This research was done to assess salivary biomarkers' diagnostic value for early OSCC identification. One hundred and twenty people participated in a hospital-based case-control study, 60 of whom were OSCC patients with histological confirmation and 60 of whom were healthy controls. Biomarkers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1β, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), CD44, soluble CD44, CYFRA 21-1, and lactate dehydrogenase were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on unstimulated saliva samples. SPSS version 25.0 was used for statistical analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess diagnostic ability and make intergroup comparisons. When compared to controls, all salivary biomarkers were considerably higher in OSCC patients (P < 0.001). Among the individual markers, IL-8 had the best diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] =0.92), followed by MMP-9 and CYFRA 21-1. Biomarkers showed strong positive associations with OSCC, suggesting biological interdependence. With an AUC of 0.96, sensitivity of 93.3%, and specificity of 91.7%, the combined biomarker panel showed outstanding diagnostic performance. Salivary biomarkers have greater assurance for noninvasively and accurately identifying OSCC at a very early stage. The use of multiple biomarkers together can lead to better diagnosis and could help in early screening and achieve good clinical results. Résumé Introduction:Le carcinome épidermoïde de la cavité buccale (CECB) est un type de cancer très fréquent. Une technique diagnostique non invasive basée sur des biomarqueurs salivaires représente une méthode prometteuse pour le dépistage précoce du cancer. Cette recherche a été menée afin d’évaluer la valeur diagnostique des biomarqueurs salivaires pour l’identification précoce du CECB.Matériel et méthodes:Cent vingt personnes ont participé à une étude cas-témoins hospitalière, dont 60 patients atteints de CECB avec confirmation histologique et 60 témoins sains. Des biomarqueurs tels que l’interleukine-6 (IL-6), l’IL-8, le facteur de nécrose tumorale alpha (TNF-α), l’IL-1β, la métalloprotéinase matricielle-9 (MMP-9), le CD44, le CD44 soluble, le CYFRA 21-1 et la lactate déshydrogénase (LDH) ont été détectés par dosage immuno-enzymatique (ELISA) sur des échantillons de salive non stimulée. Le logiciel SPSS version 25.0 a été utilisé pour l’analyse statistique. L’analyse de la courbe ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) a permis d’évaluer la capacité diagnostique et d’effectuer des comparaisons intergroupes.Résultats:Comparés aux témoins, tous les biomarqueurs salivaires étaient significativement plus élevés chez les patients atteints de carcinome épidermoïde de la cavité buccale (OSCC) (P < 0,001). Parmi les marqueurs individuels, l’IL-8 présentait la meilleure précision diagnostique (aire sous la courbe [AUC] = 0,92), suivie de la MMP-9 et du CYFRA 21-1. Les biomarqueurs ont montré de fortes associations positives avec l’OSCC, suggérant une interdépendance biologique. Avec une AUC de 0,96, une sensibilité de 93,3 % et une spécificité de 91,7 %, le panel de biomarqueurs combinés a démontré d’excellentes performances diagnostiques.Conclusion:Les biomarqueurs salivaires offrent une meilleure garantie pour l’identification non invasive et précise de l’OSCC à un stade très précoce. L’utilisation conjointe de plusieurs biomarqueurs peut conduire à un meilleur diagnostic et contribuer au dépistage précoce, permettant ainsi d’obtenir de meilleurs résultats cliniques.
Intradural disc herniation is an uncommon presentation of degenerative spine disease. We present a rare case of a large intradural lumbar disc herniation (IDH), discuss its diagnostic challenges, and review current literature to highlight clinical features, radiologic findings, and surgical outcomes. We present the case of a 39-year-old female with progressive radiculopathic low back pain unresponsive to conservative management, with an acute exacerbation of 1 week before presentation. MRI suggested a large L4-L5 disc herniation with possible intradural extension. She had a repeat surgery (intradural approach), and intraoperatively, a large intradural disc was seen displacing and compressing the cauda equina. The disc fragment was removed, and an expanded duroplasty was performed. The patient had a significant postoperative neurological improvement, which was sustained after a 1-year follow-up period. Evidence of a large disc herniation on MRI makes it difficult to differentiate between IDH and disc extrusion. Surgical management offers good outcomes.
Current models for predicting seizure risk after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) frequently demonstrate suboptimal accuracy. Despite the increasing number of these predictive tools, their utility in clinical practice and research remains poorly defined. A search of eight databases from their inception through September 18, 2025, was undertaken to identify studies of predictive models related to post-ICH seizures. Risk of bias and applicability were evaluated using the Prediction model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST). From 2,578 retrieved studies, eight prediction models from nine studies were included. The observed incidence of post-hemorrhagic stroke seizures (PHSS) ranged from 3.07% to 12.75%. All studies were determined to have a high risk of bias, primarily due to poor reporting of the analysis domain. Meta-analysis indicated that a hematoma volume ≥ 10 mL, early seizures, cortical involvement, and surgical intervention served as independent predictors of PHSS. The pooled area under the curve for the eight models was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.76-0.86), showing that the models have moderate to good discriminative capacity. Future research must prioritize rigorous model validation, adhering to PROBAST standards to ensure methodological quality.
Center of pressure (CoP) metrics derived from force plates are widely used to quantify postural control, but laboratory-grade systems limit routine clinical and field implementation. Portable low-cost force plates could enable physiotherapists to monitor balance longitudinally, provided that their measurements are sufficiently reliable and clinically interpretable. This study addresses a gap in the literature by systematically comparing the test-retest reliability of CoP outcomes across bipedal and single-leg stance conditions using a portable low-cost force plate, providing device-specific and task-specific validation data relevant to clinical and field-based implementation. This test-retest reliability study included 27 healthy young adults who completed two laboratory sessions 7-10 days apart. In each session, participants performed three 30-s trials of bipedal quiet stance and three 30-s trials of single-leg stance on each leg barefoot with standardized arm position and visual fixation. Mean values across repetitions were analyzed. Relative reliability was assessed using two-way mixed-effects ICC for absolute agreement (3,1), with 95% confidence intervals. Absolute reliability was quantified using typical error (TE) and coefficient of variation (CV). Paired t-tests evaluated systematic between-session differences. Across all outcomes, single-leg stance demonstrated substantially higher inter-session reliability compared to bipedal stance. Measures of total CoP displacement and velocity during single-leg stance exhibited good to excellent reliability (ICC = 0.85-0.90) and low absolute error (CV ≈ 8%), with direction-specific displacements showing similarly consistent results (ICC = 0.83-0.90; CV generally < 10%). In contrast, the CoP ellipse area and standard deviation measures were considerably less stable (ICC = 0.57-0.79) and displayed markedly higher variability (CV ≈ 16%-23%). The contrast was even more pronounced in the bipedal stance, where reliability was poor to moderate across all parameters (ICC = 0.39-0.65), with the ellipse area exhibiting excessive variability (CV > 60%). Notably, no systematic between-session differences were observed for most outcomes, further supporting the consistency of the measurements. In healthy young adults, single-leg stance provides more reliable CoP measures than bipedal quiet stance when using a portable low-cost force plate. Displacement- and velocity-based outcomes during single-leg stance appear most suitable for repeated assessments and monitoring. MDC95 values should be interpreted strictly as measurement-error thresholds and not as indicators of clinical responsiveness or meaningful clinical change because responsiveness was not evaluated.
Failure following volar locking plate fixation of distal radial fractures (DRFs) is a common cause of revision surgery. The Fracture Fixation Assessment Tool score (FFAT) is a validated evaluation tool for appraising long bone fracture fixations. It comprises of four domains: reduction, stability, implant choice and overall impression. This study evaluates FFAT as an educational tool for assessing DRF fixation quality. A secondary aim is to analyse its ability to predict fixation failure. A pool of 63 DRF fixations, including 22 failures, were scored by 27 orthopaedic surgeons using FFAT, with each participant assigned a set of 10 DRF fixations. The overall score and individual domain scores for failed and non-failed fixations were compared using unpaired Student's t-tests. The ability of FFAT to identify fracture fixation failure was analysed using binomial logistic regression and a receiver operating characteristic curve. Lower FFAT scores correlated with poor quality fracture fixations that subsequently failed, with statistical significance demonstrated in reduction and overall impression domains. Reduction was the strongest predictor of poor fixation with subsequent failure. Regression analysis demonstrated FFAT scores to exhibit good specificity but limited sensitivity in predicting failure. FFAT provides a structured, reproducible framework for the formative educational assessment of distal radius fracture fixation. Although lower scores were associated with fixation failure, limited sensitivity restricts its reliability as a standalone clinical predictive tool. Refinement of FFAT domains to better reflect distal radius-specific fixation principles may enhance failure detection while preserving its primary educational role.
Herein, we disclose a photoinduced FeCl3-mediated ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) approach for the decarboxylative alkylation/cyclization of N-allyl and N-homoallyl aldehyde hydrazones. Readily available tertiary and secondary aliphatic carboxylic acids serve as alkyl radical precursors, enabling functionalization of unactivated olefins to furnish alkylated dihydropyrazoles and tetrahydropyridazines in good to excellent yields under mild, oxidant-free conditions, without requiring precious-metal photocatalysts. The protocol exhibits broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance, including late-stage diversification of bioactive molecules and drug-derived acids.
Chitosan nanoparticles (ChNPs) have gained attention due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity, and are found in a wide range of agricultural products. The green synthesis and characterization of ChNPs using ginger extract were evaluated for their effects on biochemical and morphological parameters in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Ginger-loaded ChNPs synthesis, size, structure, morphology, and crystallinity were confirmed via UV-Vis spectrophotometry, DLS (151.7 nm, ± 30 mV), FTIR, SEM, and XRD, respectively. Foliar applications of ChNPs (50 mg L-1 and 100 mg L-1) and pesticides confidor (2.5 mL L-1) confidor + talstar (2.5 mL L-1) were applied at flowering and capsule stages under controlled conditions. ChNPs at 100 mg L ⁻ ¹ significantly enhanced plant height 5.3%, leaf area 26.5%, number of capsules 43.6%, capsule weight (12.4%), stem diameter 34.4%, total chlorophyll 11.9%, and catalase activity 53.1% compared with the control (P < 0.05), while reducing peroxidase 85.7% and PAL 59%. In contrast, confidor and confidor + talstar treatments showed compromised effects. Present research demonstrated that green synthesized ChNPs have good potential for use in agriculture and can significantly increase sesame growth and yield.
This study aimed to adapt the Children's Kitchen Task Assessment for Hungarian primary school children and to investigate its relationship with an ecologically valid executive function questionnaire and standard computer-based executive function tasks in the context of socioeconomic status. Our study included 17 children aged 8-12 years, of whom eleven children (64.7%) lived in a town in deep poverty with many families with low socioeconomic status, while the remaining six (35.3%) of the subjects lived in a city in Hungary. Participants completed standard executive function tasks (Go/No-Go, Corsi Block-Tapping Task, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task), as well as the adapted version of the Children's Kitchen Task Assessment. In addition, 14 parents and 13 teachers completed the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory regarding the participating children. The Hungarian Children's Kitchen Task demonstrated good interrater reliability (κ = .81) and acceptable internal consistency (α = .68). Performance on the task was found to be signifi cantly related to both standard executive function tasks and the ecologically valid questionnaire. In terms of planning, children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds demonstrated poorer performance (t(15) = 2.87, p ‹ .02, d = 0.13), yet they completed the task in a shorter amount of time than their peers with higher socioeconomic status (t(15) = -2.4, p ‹ .02, d = 1.23). Executive functions measured in ecologically valid settings demonstrated convergence with other executive function assessment methods. Furthermore, our results suggest that socioeconomic status is related to children's executive functions, especially when the executive functions are measured with tasks resembling more to everyday situations. Our fi ndings have implications for interventions. (Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2026; 28(2): 66-84) Keywords: executive functions, Children's Kitchen Task Assessment, ecological validity, socioeconomic status.
In this study, a series of Zn-doped double perovskite oxides, PrBa0.5Ca0.5Fe2-xZnxO5+δ (PBCFZx, x = 0-0.20), were synthesized by a sol-gel method and systematically evaluated as cathode materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). Owing to its fully filled 3d10 electronic configuration, Zn2+ incorporation disrupts the Fe-O-Fe superexchange pathway, thereby shifting the dominant charge transport mechanism from long-range electron hopping to localized small-polaron conduction. This modification suppresses surface overoxidation and premature passivation, enhances interfacial charge transfer kinetics at the electrode/gas interface, and significantly reduces the overall charge transfer resistance within the electrochemical system. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows that the optimized composition, PBCFZ0.10, exhibits a low area-specific resistance of 0.13 Ω cm2 at 800 °C, representing a 54% reduction compared with undoped PBCF. An anode-supported single cell employing a PBCFZ0.10 cathode delivers a peak power density of 673.58 mW cm-2 at 750 °C, which is 69% higher than that of the pristine PBCF cathode. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the incorporation of zinc ions (Zn2+) can coordinate and regulate the carrier concentration and spatial distribution through charge compensation-induced oxygen vacancies, thereby simultaneously enhancing the kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and interface charge transport, and effectively reducing the activation energy barrier for oxygen ion migration. In addition, PBCFZ0.10 shows good chemical compatibility with the Sm0.2Ce0.8O2-δ (SDC) electrolyte and a suitable thermal expansion coefficient of 16.63 × 10-6 K-1. These results demonstrate that Zn doping is an effective strategy for developing high-performance iron-based double perovskite cathodes for IT-SOFCs.
Childhood trauma constitutes a major public health issue, as it is associated with enduring mental and physical health complications, as well as an increased risk for a range of psychiatric disorders in adulthood. The Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form (ETISRSF) is a concise and eff ective instrument for assessing early traumatic experiences. The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties and validate the Hungarian version of the ETISR-SF. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 300 psychiatric patients and 57 non-clinical control participants completed the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form (ETISR-SF) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF). Confi rmatory factor analysis supported the original four-factor structure, yielding satisfactory model fi t indices. The ETISR-SF demonstrated high internal consistency across all subscales (Cronbach's α = 0.78-0.94). Signifi cant diff erences between the clinical and non-clinical groups provided evidence of good discriminant validity. Correlations between the ETISR-SF and the CTQ-SF, both at the total and subscale levels, were signifi cant and ranged from low to moderate (r = 0.22-0.71, p ‹ 0.001), supporting the instrument's convergent and divergent validity. The fi ndings of the present study indicate that the Hungarian version of the ETISR-SF is a psychometrically sound instrument, demonstrating validity and reliability for assessing early traumatic experiences in Hungarian clinical populations. (Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2026; 28(2): 85-101) Keywords: Childhood trauma, Early Trauma Inventory, Validation study.
Lotus seed peel powder (LSP), a major by-product of lotus seed processing, is rich in bioactive constituents but remains largely underutilized. Conventional aqueous and ethanolic extraction methods for LSP are constrained by low extraction efficiency and poor selectivity. In this study, an ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction (UADE) strategy was developed to recover tyrosinase inhibitors from LSP. UADE significantly enhanced flavonoid and polyphenol extraction compared with traditional methods. Among the tested DESs, the L-proline/lactic acid system exhibited the highest selectivity for tyrosinase inhibitors. Using response surface methodology, the optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: Pro to LA 1:2, 20 % water, solid-to-liquid ratio 1:40 (w/v), 47 °C, 300 W, 70 min. Under these conditions, the tyrosinase inhibition rate reached 96.51 %, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the purified extract was 1.02 mg/mL. In addition, the DES system retained good reusability over multiple extraction cycles. Mechanistic analyses revealed that ultrasonic treatment markedly disrupted LSP cell wall structure, promoting the release of active components. Four key tyrosinase inhibitors, including isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside-6''-rhamnoside, were identified via UHPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS analysis combined with molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. DFT calculations suggested that hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions between DES components and key inhibitors were the core driving forces of extraction selectivity. Zebrafish assays confirmed that the extract inhibited tyrosinase activity in vivo and downregulated the expression of multiple melanogenesis-related genes. These findings establish UADE as an effective and selective approach for the extraction of tyrosinase inhibitors from natural resources, providing a methodological basis for developing anti-melanogenic cosmetic ingredients.
The increased utilization of telehealth services necessitates systematic evaluation of patients' experiences with technologies, tools, and interventions adapted for the remote delivery of rehabilitation programs. This study examined the usability of Zoom™ as a telehealth platform for delivering a virtual fall-risk screening program in older adults. A convenience sample of community-dwelling older adults participated in a single virtual fall-risk screening session conducted via Zoom. Following the session, participants completed the 9-item System Usability Scale (SUS). Thirty participants (mean age = 71.47 years, SD = 5.97) completed the study. The mean SUS score was 76.30 (95% CI [71.47, 82.03]), exceeding the established benchmark of 68 for average usability and approaching the threshold of 80, indicative of excellent usability. Subscale analysis demonstrated that scores for perceived complexity, ease of use, and user confidence exceeded benchmark values, whereas learnability yielded more variable results. Overall, Zoom demonstrated good usability for virtual fall-risk screening in older adults. Participants reported that the platform was easy to use and facilitated confidence, supporting its suitability for remote telerehabilitation screening and intervention delivery.
Here, we report the first highly efficient and enantioselective hydrophosphination of quinolinones and chromones catalyzed by chiral phosphoric acids, affording C2-stereogenic phosphorus derivatives in good yields and high enantioselectivities. Notably, these products serve as versatile synthetic intermediates that can be readily elaborated to a range of valuable phosphorus-containing molecules.