As philanthropy becomes an increasingly important revenue source for healthcare institutions, fundraising skills emerge as a crucial competency for executives and administrators, as well as physicians, nurses, researchers, and educators. Despite its significance, healthcare training seldom includes fundraising, and peer-reviewed healthcare literature offers limited guidance. This report aims to provide a practical and ethically and theoretically grounded guide to successful fundraising, with a focus on securing gifts of $1 million or more. We analyzed a major academic hospital system's customer relationship management system and reviewed the growth of the organization's fundraising program. The relevancy of the findings was verified through a review of healthcare, medical, academic, and fundraising publications. We also gathered and contributed personal observations and experiences of the program from executives, physicians, and other healthcare professionals, academics, and fundraisers. Over 21 years (2003-2023), the organization's fundraising program secured more than $1 billion and increased philanthropic revenue from an average of less than $10 million annually to an average of more than $100 million annually. Key components to this growth included: (a) increasing new commitments of $1 million and above from an average of 7.5 annually (2013-2016) to an average of 19 annually (2017-2020) by demonstrating organizational excellence, creating and implementing strategic plans, engaging the president and CEO as a lead fundraiser, and employing matching challenging initiatives; (b) establishing a pipeline of more than 1,000 donors giving $1,000 and above annually; and (c) engaging physicians in the fundraising process while protecting the physician-patient relationship. Informed by these findings and practical examples, current and emerging leaders in healthcare and their fundraising teams can collaboratively evaluate, strengthen, and secure increased philanthropic revenue, including $1 million gifts and higher.
Scottish voluntary hospitals were founded, supported and expanded by philanthropy and charity across the 19th century and through the first half of the 20th century. Glasgow's Royal Hospital for Sick Children (RHSC) opened in 1883 and, during the following decades, it attracted and built up reserves received from thousands of small donations annually, but supplemented by special events and substantive gifts and legacies.By the time of the formulation and creation of the National Health Service (NHS), the RHSC possessed a significant portfolio of assets. Notable were monetary reserves, stocks and shares, and property bequeathed by elderly supporters who had died without close kin to inherit their wealth. Proposals for full incorporation of charitable 'royal' hospitals into the NHS caused particular alarm for the RHSC, which feared that its assets and reserves accrued from charitable subscribers would be seized and placed in a central 'pot' beyond the hospital's reach.This article explains the development of the RHSC from its founding and the growth of its financial base, the potential loss of which, on absorption by the NHS, spurred alarm to its Board of Management. The article narrates how the Board of Management, under the NHS, reacted to the uncertainty surrounding its pre-NHS assets during the first two decades of the Service.
Interactions between physicians and pharmaceutical companies are common for mutual exchange of medical knowledge; pediatric field is no exception. However, vested commercial interests could encourage irrational prescribing behavior. The pharmaceutical industry can offer free drug samples, gifts, travel expenses and honoraria to physicians in addition to sponsorship for academic events, access to medical softwares or academic activities in return for promoting and endorsing their products. Given that pediatricians care for a particularly vulnerable population, they bear an added responsibility to uphold the highest standards of ethical professional conduct. Financial transparency, protection of data confidentiality, stricter framework by the journal editors in evaluating possible gift authorships and industry-facilitated research and careful vigil by professional bodies (Academies/Societies/Associations) are a few solutions that could ensure that their members adhere to ethical standards and regulatory guidelines.
This article focuses on three Soviet Red Cross overseas hospitals to examine the contradictions and challenges of socialist humanitarianism in the context of the Cold War. The development of socialist humanitarianism in the Soviet context was part of the broader foreign policy reorientation away from isolationism and towards robust internationalist engagement after the death of Iosif Stalin. Healthcare assistance was an integral component of this engagement and one in which the Soviet Red Cross played an active role through training local medical personnel, delivering healthcare assistance, and the management and maintenance of overseas hospitals. This article focuses on Soviet Red Cross hospitals in the cities of Tehran, Addis Ababa, and Phnom Penh. From the Soviet side, these hospitals were flagship projects of socialist humanitarianism and 'gifts' of high-quality, modern healthcare that symbolized the USSR's friendship with formerly colonized peoples and commitment to aiding the development of various states in the Global South. However, in practice, the hospitals' functioning was shaped by the volatile political context, issues of budgeting and capitalization, and the clash between ideas about anticolonial solidarity and Soviet civilisational superiority.
Following the introduction of comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship (TAPS), little is known about how the tobacco industry (TI) adapts its marketing strategies in low- and middle-income countries at point of sale (POS). This study examined post-ban TI marketing practices in Armenia after the 2022 comprehensive TAPS and display ban, focusing on youth exposure. We conducted a qualitative study using structured observations at 132 POS near educational facilities in Yerevan (capital city) and the Kotayk region, in-depth interviews with store owners/workers (n = 8), and focus group discussions with youth aged 15-20 (n = 28). Thematic analysis was applied with triangulation across data sources. Despite the ban, tobacco products remained widely available and visible near educational facilities. Cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heated tobacco products were prominently displayed using power walls, illuminated fixtures, and placement near youth-appealing items. Advertising persisted through covert, legally ambiguous tactics such as illuminated displays, integrated signage, colour schemes, flavours, and loyalty-based promotions, coupled with misleading messages, often not recognized as advertising by youth or retailers. Retailer incentive schemes, such as financial rewards, gifts, and staff engagement, were used to secure product prominence and drive sales. Youth access restrictions were weakly enforced, with poor visibility of age-of-sale signage, inconsistent ID checks, and reports of informal access routes. Comprehensive TAPS and POS display bans alone are insufficient to eliminate youth exposure to tobacco marketing. Stronger enforcement, regulation of indirect and retailer-focused marketing, and sustained monitoring of POS environments are essential to protect youth from ongoing TI influence.
Risk-taking behavior varies across different life domains, yet neuroimaging research has primarily focused on financial incentives, thus limiting our understanding of the neural basis for domain-specific risk-taking. This study investigates whether neural correlates of risk-taking differ between financial and social incentive domains using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Thirty-nine participants completed an adapted Balloon Analogue Risk Task with financial (monetary rewards) and social (gifts for children) incentive conditions. Behavioral data show that participants demonstrate less risk-seeking behavior in the social compared to financial condition. Neuroimaging results revealed both domain-general and domain-specific components of risk processing. A conjunction analysis of both incentive conditions identified a common neural network across both incentive types, including bilateral striatum, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and left insular cortex, supporting theories of domain-general risk processing mechanisms. Contrasting both reward conditions revealed significantly stronger activation in the right inferior parietal lobule during financial compared to social risk-taking, thus indicating a neural substrate for domain-specific risk preferences. These data might bridge the gap between behavioral evidence for domain-specific risk-taking and neuroimaging research, highlighting the importance of considering the type of incentives when studying risk behavior and its neural correlates.
Healthcare staff are experiencing increasing levels of burnout, moral strain, and disconnection. Organizational wellbeing strategies have often focused on individual resilience, with less attention to collective, relational or team-based approaches that nurture connection. The SEED Program, a workplace wellbeing intervention in healthcare, uses a strengths-based, staff-led approach to implementing wellbeing initiatives during work time. These initiatives are co-designed with staff and are intended to cultivate connection, creativity and kindness within the healthcare workforce. One of these initiatives is the Healing Hearts, which involves creating and sharing handmade felt hearts as tangible gifts of recognition and care. Conceptualized as a participatory kindness practice, this initiative illustrates how simple symbolic acts can be embedded into workplace culture to encourage connection, belonging and compassion. Situated within a large regional health service in New South Wales, Australia, this case study examines the SEED Program and considers how initiatives such as Healing Hearts may complement existing organizational wellbeing frameworks and help address systemic risks of burnout. This paper examines the potential of wellbeing initiatives to embed routine, visible acts of kindness within healthcare environments through role-modeling, inclusive participation, and leadership endorsement. It positions this approach as a scalable, service-wide practice that aligns with broader organizational wellbeing strategies. Early reflections indicate strong emotional resonance, multidisciplinary engagement, and the critical role of visible leadership support in enabling the uptake of wellbeing initiatives. These insights suggest that symbolic, yet relationally meaningful practices have the potential to strengthen workplace cultures of care and connection when thoughtfully integrated at scale.
To identify interactions between the food, beverage, and nutrition supplement industry and nutrition professionals (NP) in Australia. The study employed a cross-sectional analysis of interactions by using an online survey including open and closed questions. Australia. 156 practicing NPs were recorded, 118 of them included in the analysis, 86 of which were dietitians. Among respondents, 88 (75%) reported having previously received promotional material from industry and 74 (66%) have attended industry-sponsored educational events for professional development. 56 (47%) reported receiving gifts from industry in the past year. Of those that have received promotional or educational material, 11 (12%) found it not useful at all, while others declared it slightly to extremely useful. Further analysis revealed that professional bodies and networks acted as intermediaries between industry and NPs and that there were differences in judgement based on the specific industry they receive the material from. The Australian food, beverage, and nutrition supplement industry is attempting to actively engage with nutrition professionals to promote their products through trusted sources. NPs' opinions on this vary, and further research is needed to examine the scope and impact of these interactions.
Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by chronic and relapsing eruptions of multiple sterile pustules on the palms and soles, which subsequently crust and desquamate. In addition to pustules, vesicles and pustulo-vesicles are often observed simultaneously. It is more prevalent among Japanese individuals, and the number of affected patients in Japan is estimated to be approximately 140,000 based on national health insurance claims data in Japan. Sterile osteitis occurs in 10%-30% of patients with PPP or a history of PPP, a condition referred to as pustulotic arthro-osteitis. Because it has become evident that focal infections act as triggering factors in approximately 80% of both conditions, their therapeutic algorithms differ fundamentally from those for psoriasis. The aim of the Treatment Guidance for Palmoplantar Pustulosis 2022 was to clarify the clinical manifestations and histopathological findings supporting the diagnosis of PPP, and to explain treatment algorithms and recommendation grades based on differences in triggering factors and pathophysiology between PPP and psoriasis. Although the level of evidence is limited due to the ethical and practical difficulties in conducting rigorous double-blinde clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of focal infection treatment, the treatment recommendations were determined through expert consensus based on extensive clinical experience accumulated in Japan, together with relevant basic research findings.
There is limited evidence supporting the addition of everolimus to endocrine therapy in women with ER-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer disease progression on CDK4/6 inhibitors. We aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of everolimus in this setting. EVERGREEN is a multicentre, international, retrospective quasi-experimental study of women with ER-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer who started an immediate next line of endocrine therapy after progression on CDK4/6 inhibitors until 31/12/2022. We compared patients exposed to endocrine therapy plus everolimus in centres where this is the standard-of-care with those treated in centres where endocrine therapy alone is the standard-of-care. The primary endpoint was real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS). Secondary endpoints were time to everolimus failure, time to chemotherapy, and overall survival. We included 207 women (everolimus n = 150, endocrine therapy alone n = 57), with a median follow-up of 31.8 months. Baseline characteristics were well balanced, except for a higher number of prior lines of therapy in the everolimus cohort. Median rwPFS was 5.0 for patients exposed to everolimus vs 4.3 months for endocrine therapy alone (adjusted hazard ratio 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.47-0.99). Time to everolimus failure was 4.2 months. There were no statistically significant differences in time to chemotherapy or overall survival. The safety profile was consistent with previous reports. The addition of everolimus to standard endocrine therapy resulted in a modest clinical benefit for patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer candidates for endocrine therapy after CDK4/6 inhibitors. This limited benefit and the toxicity profile warrants careful selection of patients with favourable risk-benefit profile.
暂无摘要（点击查看详情）
Commercially available disposable products such as cell culture utensils and catheters do not necessarily possess sufficient quality for in vitro fertilization (IVF), from the perspective of pyrogen contamination. We aimed to comprehensively analyze the pyrogen contamination status, including bacterial endotoxins, of the products used for IVF in assisted reproductive technology (ART) and improve their cleanliness using a new sterilization technology. Pyrogen contamination levels were evaluated using a direct human cell-based pyrogen test that is not affected by the recovery ratio, unlike bacterial endotoxin tests. Pyrogen inactivation tests were performed using low-temperature ozone/hydrogen peroxide gas treatment. The residual hydrogen peroxide was colorimetrically quantified, and the effectiveness of its removal by drying treatment was evaluated using germ cell viability as an indicator. Significant amounts of pyrogen, from 0.014 to 1.110 EU/product, were detected in seven of the twenty products. Pyrogen contamination levels were reduced below the detection limit by ozone/hydrogen peroxide gas sterilization. Hydrogen peroxide remained on the surface of the GPS dish but was reduced to a level that did not affect human sperm viability and embryo development after drying at 80°C for 24 h following sterilization. These products may carry a potential risk of reducing ART success rates, and pyrogen contamination levels may exceed the previously reported allowable level of 0.01-0.02 EU/mL in human IVF during actual use. Our study suggests that the manufacturing of products free from pyrogens and without adverse effects on germ cells is possible using ozone/hydrogen peroxide gas sterilization and subsequent drying technologies.
Atrasentan, a selective endothelin A receptor antagonist, reduced proteinuria in the prespecified interim analysis (week 36) of the ALIGN trial in adults with IgA nephropathy. We assessed whether atrasentan slowed estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline after 2·5 years' treatment. We performed a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial (133 sites, 20 countries). Adults with biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy, eGFR of at least 30 mL/min per 1·73 m2, and urinary protein excretion of at least 1·0 g/day while receiving renin-angiotensin system inhibition were enrolled (main stratum). An exploratory stratum enrolled participants also receiving an SGLT2 inhibitor. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to oral atrasentan 0·75 mg once daily or placebo for 132 weeks, followed by a 4-week off-treatment follow-up. The key secondary endpoint was change from baseline to week 136 in eGFR in the main stratum, assessed in all randomised patients (excluding data after intercurrent events, defined as initiation of restricted or alternative IgA nephropathy medications or kidney replacement therapy). Safety was assessed in all randomised patients who received at least one dose of study treatment. ALIGN is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04573478; the double-blind section is complete, and the open-label extension is ongoing. Between March 15, 2021, and April 28, 2023, 404 participants were randomly assigned (main stratum: 340; SGLT2 inhibitor stratum: 64). In the main stratum, change from baseline in eGFR at week 136 was -7·5 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (95% CI -9·2 to -5·8) with atrasentan and -9·9 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (-11·7 to -8·1) with placebo (between-group difference 2·4 mL/min per 1·73 m2; 95% CI -0·1 to 4·8; p=0·057). The between-group difference in eGFR change from baseline at end of treatment (week 132) was 2·6 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (95% CI 0·1-5·0), and the difference in total eGFR slope (baseline to week 136) was 1·4 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 0·5-2·3). In the SGLT2 inhibitor stratum, the difference in eGFR change from baseline at week 136 between atrasentan and placebo was 9·1 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (95% CI 3·0-15·2). Treatment-emergent adverse events were well balanced between atrasentan and placebo, with no new safety signals. In the main stratum, fluid retention adverse events occurred in 24 (14%) of 169 patients receiving atrasentan and 20 (12%) of 170 receiving placebo. Atrasentan reduced proteinuria and preserved kidney function after 2·5 years. This effect was present with or without concomitant SGLT2 inhibitor use. Atrasentan was well tolerated. Novartis.
In the last decade, we have witnessed outstanding scientific advances towards the development of a globally efficacious syphilis vaccine. This manuscript summarizes information presented at the Shanghai International Syphilis Symposium (October 20-22, 2025, Shanghai, China) during the Vaccine Development session. Dr. Lorenzo Giacani (University of Washington) moderated the session. Dr. Justin Radolf (UConn Health) summarized key historical research findings that inform modern vaccine development, emphasizing how protective immunity was demonstrated in the early days of syphilis vaccine research and attributed to antibodies. Drs. Caroline Cameron (University of Victoria), Melissa Caimano (UConn Health), and Feijun Zhao (University of South China) discussed their research relating to antigen selection, identification of potentially protective B cell epitopes, results of immunization/challenge experiments, vaccine delivery platforms, and manufacturing requirements, with particular emphasis on the development of chimeric vaccine candidates. While challenges remain, the application of high-throughput immunological, proteomic, and genomic techniques discussed here has revealed surface-exposed epitopes of TPA outer membrane proteins with promising, but as yet unproven, vaccine potential. Multiple vaccine designs have emerged as options to efficiently and effectively package these epitopes in chimeric structures and platforms that can meet manufacturing standards and requirements. Efforts are also ongoing to identify and procure clinically approved adjuvants to be delivered alongside vaccine candidates.
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a serious complication of arthroplasty, associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. While patient-related and procedural risk factors are well established, the effect of surgical gown type on infection risk is unclear. Single-use surgical gowns are often used due to their perceived superior sterility in the absence of clear evidence. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of single-use compared with reusable gown use on the incidence of PJI in the 12 months following primary hip and knee arthroplasty. Between January 2015 and September 2023, 9,239 consecutive primary elective hip and knee arthroplasties were performed at our institution. Data were obtained from a prospectively maintained local registry aligned with the UK Health Security Agency Surgical Site Infection database and National Joint Registry, and combined with surgeon gown preference data. A retrospective logistic regression was undertaken to evaluate the association between gown type and PJI in the 12 months after surgery, adjusting for age, sex, BMI, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A total of 76 infections (0.82%) were identified, comprising 49/5,024 knees (0.98%) and 27/4,215 hips (0.64%). Infection occurred more frequently in the single-use gown group (n = 4,314; 1.0%) than in the reusable gown group (n = 4,925; 0.6%; p = 0.017). Single-use gowns were associated with higher odds of infection (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.73 (95% CI 1.09 to 2.76); p = 0.020). Use of single-use surgical gowns was independently associated with an increased odds of PJI following primary hip and knee arthroplasty in the 12 months after surgery in our institution. This finding highlights the need for further studies exploring the causal factors contributing to this outcome.
Indexing ascending aortic dimensions to height, rather than absolute diameters, may better identify at-risk ascending aortopathy (AA) patients who could benefit from earlier surgery. This study evaluated whether height-indexed aortic dimensions improve long-term risk stratification in AA patients who do not meet current surgical guidelines. A total of 11,083 patients (68 ± 13 years, 79% men, 28% with bicuspid aortic valve, 2,196 with aortic surgery and 8,887 unoperated) with AA (4-5 cm) diagnosed on echocardiography (2010-2023) were included. Patients with syndromic aortopathy and acute aortic dissection/rupture at presentation were excluded. The maximum AA diameter, AA height index (AHI) (cm/m), and AA cross-sectional area-to-height (CSAH) (cm2/m) index were calculated. The primary outcome was mortality. The mean AA diameter, AHI, and CSAH were 4.4 ± 0.2 cm, 2.53 ± 0.3 cm/m, and 8.8 ± 1 cm2/m, respectively. At 6 ± 4 years, there were 84 (8.3%) deaths in the operated group and 1,058 (11.9%) in the unoperated group. There were 128 aortic dissections (1.4%) and 4 aortic ruptures (0.04%) in the unoperated group. Dividing the unoperated sample into a derivation cohort (n = 3,887), spline analysis demonstrated an increase in hazard for death in women with AA diameter ≥4.5 cm and in all patients with AHI ≥2.5 cm/m or CSAH ≥9 cm2/m. Validation in a separate cohort (n = 5,000) confirmed that AHI ≥2.5 cm/m and CSAH ≥9 cm2/m were associated with higher long-term mortality (both P < 0.05). Indexing AA dimensions to height better identifies high-risk AA patients, particularly women, who fall below surgical criteria. Further studies are needed to determine if this cohort may benefit from earlier intervention at lower size thresholds.
Parkinson's disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders characterized by alpha-synuclein pathology. As current therapies largely target symptoms, there is a clear need for disease-modifying treatments. Emerging evidence links these disorders to glucose metabolism dysregulation, suggesting antidiabetic agents may hold therapeutic potential. This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind pilot study involving 12 subjects with PD or DLB to evaluate the tolerability and preliminary effects of a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor (sitagliptin 100 mg) vs. sodium glucose like transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor (dapagliflozin 10 mg) over a 4-week period, compared to a placebo. We assessed changes in Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) scores, cognitive function, and autonomic biomarkers. Both sitagliptin and dapagliflozin were well-tolerated, with no adverse events. While no significant changes were observed in cognitive scores, a significant difference was found in the change from baseline for MDS-UPDRS part 1 (P = 0.008), part 2 (P = 0.020), and total scores (P = 0.047) when comparing the three groups. The dapagliflozin group showed more favorable trends in MDS-UPDRS scores. Limitations include small study size and duration as well as all participants had PD except one subject in the DPP4 inhibitor group with DLB. This pilot study suggests that these inhibitors are safe in PD and DLB patients. The preliminary findings, particularly the trends in the dapagliflozin group, provide a basis for larger-scale, long-term studies to confirm these potential symptomatic benefits and explore disease-modifying effects. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06263673, identifier: NCT06263673.
Pictorial health warnings on tobacco packs stimulate short-term cognitive and emotional responses that can lead to quit attempts. We tested novel product attribute health warnings (PAHWs) that corrected misperceptions about product harmfulness. PAHWs uniquely influenced outcomes assessing knowledge of industry manipulation of cigarettes, industry-centric negative emotional responses and product-specific smoking dissonance. We aimed to examine if these unique short-term responses predicted subsequent quitting-related behaviours. We analysed follow-up data from a between-subjects online experiment during which participants were randomised to view PAHWs alone (PAHW condition) or with a complementary video (PAHW+Video) during a baseline session and daily for 7 days. In the present study, covariate-adjusted logistic regression models examined associations between short-term responses to the PAHWs measured at 8-day follow-up (predictors) and subsequent quitting-related behaviours measured at 4-week follow-up (outcomes). Participants with valid data for the 8-day and 4-week follow-up surveys were analysed (N=301). Two short-term responses to the PAHWs-knowledge of industry manipulation of cigarettes and product-specific smoking dissonance-significantly and positively predicted all three quitting-related outcomes: smoke-limiting microbehaviours (eg, foregoing cigarettes), quit attempts and 7-day sustained abstinence. Industry-centric negative emotional responses positively predicted smoke-limiting microbehaviours and 7-day sustained abstinence but not quit attempts. Short-term responses elicited by PAHWs featuring corrective information about the tobacco industry's manipulation of tobacco products predicted subsequent engagement in smoke-limiting microbehaviours, quit attempts and sustained quit attempts. PAHWs can complement other health warnings featuring the health risks of smoking and may help motivate people who smoke to quit and stay quit.
Virtual gifting is an important monetization mechanism in live game streaming, but prior evidence remains fragmented across psychological, social, and platform-oriented explanations. This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of empirical research published between 2015 and 2025 to synthesize construct-level antecedents associated with virtual gifting in live game streaming and closely related live streaming contexts. Following PRISMA 2020, eligible studies were identified through a structured database search, screened against predefined criteria, and coded using a standardized extraction procedure. Effect sizes were synthesized using random-effects models, and exploratory subgroup analyses were used to examine potential differences between self-report and secondary behavioral data. The results showed that engagement, attractiveness, utility, social acceptance, hedonic motivation, and awareness of needs were positively associated with virtual gifting, whereas passing time was negatively associated. Parasocial relationships showed a large but statistically unstable pooled association under substantial heterogeneity. Across several antecedent categories, heterogeneity was high, indicating that pooled estimates should be interpreted as average associations across diverse operationalizations, platforms, samples, and data sources. Differences between self-report and behavioral data were observed descriptively, but these subgroup findings should be interpreted cautiously because several subgroups were based on limited numbers of studies. Overall, the findings provide a bounded synthesis of factors associated with virtual gifting and suggest that gifting behavior is linked to activated engagement, streamer-related cues, social acceptance, perceived value, and need awareness, rather than passive viewing motives.
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a highly prevalent condition that often poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, especially in people with comorbid mild cognitive impairment (MCI). OpenEvidence (OE; Miami, Florida, US), a leading free medical knowledge copilot, reports it has supported over 100 million Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered clinical consultations from U.S. doctors and other frontline clinicians. The objective of this study is to use a single case with two common comorbid neurological conditions to retrospectively appraise the ability of OE to serve as a clinically relevant knowledge aid. We input the de-identified summary of a case of probable CAA and MCI in OE. Overall, the AI recommendations very closely matched the diagnosis and care that was actually provided. We identified some areas (e.g., prognostication, geriatric risk-benefit trade-offs, diagnostic terminology) where it could be improved to match the logic and knowledge of a subspecialist. OE used as a knowledge copilot can help inform point-of-care physician decisions by giving them more information than they may have otherwise considered.