搜索结果：geka

In 1656, at the request of the imperial commissioner Inoue Masashige Chikugo-no-kami, the neo-Confucian physician Mukai Genshō compiled medical instructions given to him by the Dejima trading-post surgeon Hans Juriaen Hancke. This was the first text on Western surgery by a trained Japanese specialist. Based on an extensive analysis of related Japanese source material, it is shown that the manuscript Komōryū geka hiyō ("Secret compendium of red-head-style external medicine"), previously considered to represent Mukai's original report, is a rather corrupted version. Other manuscripts, such as Oranda-den geka ruihō ("Arranged formulas of Dutch external medicine"), Oranda geka ihō ("Medical formulas of Dutch external medicine"), or Shōji shinan ("Compass of diagnosis and treatment"), are much more coherent in their contents and fit well with Dutch sources. Furthermore, it is shown how Mukai "identified" and "translated" the Latin names of ulcers, tumours, inflammations, etc., by comparing Hancke's teachings with the most comprehensive Eastern source on surgical matters, the Waìke zhèngzōng (Jap. Geka seisō, "Orthodox manual of external medicine"). His eclectic approach resulted in a combination of Sino-Japanese pathology with Western treatment methods. Mukai had set an example that would dominate the reception of Western medicine in Japan for more than a century. It became widely known as early as 1670, when Yamawaki Dōen included many parts of Mukai's report in his Oranda geka ryōhō ("Good formulas of Dutch external medicine"), the first Japanese book on red-head-style external surgery.

We present the design and evaluation of Graphically Enhanced Keyboard Accelerators (GEKA), a user interface interaction method allowing commands within a graphical application to be quickly and easily invoked through the keyboard. The high-level goal of this work is to make interactive desktop computing more pleasant and productive for experienced computer users. GEKA is designed to provide complete coverage of the command set, to require low visual demand, and to support ease of learning and remembering, a low error rate, and high speed. This thesis describes GEKA's design and two related user studies. A formative study with 10 participants explored how our target users currently work with Window, Icon, Menu and Pointer (WIMP) interfaces. The results of the study suggest that advanced computer users prefer to execute commands with the keyboard. However, they are often unable to do so in current applications because shortcuts are not available for all commands or are unknown. This indicates a desire among advanced users for a GEKA-like interaction method and motivates our research. GEKA’s design blends elements from WIMP and command line interfaces, allowing commands to be entered quickly and precisely while shifting the focus of the interaction to recognition rather than recall. GEKA has three key improvements over existing text command systems with graphical feedback: support for multiple parameters in arbitrary order, smarter matching – including abbreviations for all commands, and clear visual feedback of the input characters to facilitate learning and re-use. A laboratory experiment with 12 participants compared GEKA to WIMP interaction methods. We found error rates to be nearly identical and speed to be very competitive. The experiment also explored users’ preferences: When given a choice in situ between WIMP and GEKA for actual command execution, participants overwhelmingly used existing keyboard shortcuts when they knew them and used GEKA when they didn’t. In a questionnaire, each type of GEKA command was rated better than its WIMP equivalent except for zero-parameter GEKA commands relative to keyboard shortcuts. These results suggest that our target user population has a strong preference for GEKA interaction over the mouse-based WIMP methods.

A decades-old mystery about Saturn has finally been solved thanks to the James Webb Space Telescope。 Scientists discovered that Saturn’s changing “rotation rate” was never caused by the planet speeding up or slowing down, but by powerful winds high in its atmosphere。 Webb’s unprecedented observations revealed that Saturn’s northern lights actively

Researchers have discovered how microscopic imperfections and atomic vibrations can be used to control a powerful quantum effect in an advanced material。 The effect can turn alternating electrical signals from the environment directly into the kind of current electronic devices need, without traditional components。 As temperature changes, the signa

Researchers have developed a compact quantum detector that makes terahertz radiation much easier to detect。 A specially designed metasurface funnels incoming energy into tiny active regions, greatly strengthening the electrical signal produced。 The approach boosted efficiency by roughly 20 times compared to earlier designs and could pave the way fo

Scientists say moons around rogue planets wandering through the galaxy could remain warm enough for life thanks to tidal heating and hydrogen-rich atmospheres。 These dark, starless worlds may have had stable oceans for billions of years — long enough for complex life to potentially emerge

“Why don’t we just frickin’ call Apple

A team at the University of Minnesota discovered that changing a metal film's thickness by just a few nanometers can dramatically alter how it behaves electronically。 The finding reveals a surprising new way to control metals and could help power future advances in electronics, catalysis, and quantum technology

A remarkable crystal called molybdenum oxychloride could help make futuristic technologies like smart contact lenses and ultrathin AR glasses a reality。 Scientists have created the first detailed experimental map of its optical properties, revealing the strongest light-bending effect ever measured in a natural material。 The crystal can act either l

NASA’s Psyche spacecraft just used Mars as a giant gravitational slingshot to continue its journey toward a strange metal rich asteroid。 The close flyby boosted the spacecraft’s speed by about 1,000 mph while also producing rare crescent images of Mars glowing through its dusty atmosphere

NASA's James Webb Space Telescope has uncovered unusual chemistry in interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS, including the first direct detection of methane on a visitor from another star system。 The comet also contains exceptionally high levels of carbon dioxide, making it unlike most comets born in our solar system。 Scientists believe the methane was hidden

Scientists have created a tiny chip that can generate, steer, and read light-based information all in one device, marking a major leap toward ultra-fast, energy-efficient computing。 The breakthrough uses atomically thin materials and nanoscale structures to control a unique quantum property of light called the “valley” degree of freedom, allowing i

A long-overlooked organ may hold surprising clues to healthy aging and cancer survival。 Researchers at Mass General Brigham used AI to analyze CT scans from tens of thousands of adults and found that people with healthier thymuses—a small immune-system organ once thought to become largely irrelevant after childhood—lived longer and had substantiall

For more than a century, pianists and music teachers have argued over whether a performer’s touch can actually change the tone color of a piano note — and now scientists say the answer is yes。 Using a cutting-edge sensor system that tracked piano key movements at 1,000 frames per second, researchers discovered that elite pianists subtly manipulate

"We look forward to working with Roscosmos on a collaborative approach to address the leaks

New studies suggest consciousness can't be judged solely by behavior, whether it's a chatbot discussing philosophy or a bee searching for nectar。 Researchers are increasingly focusing on the internal mechanisms of brains and computers, concluding that today's AI is likely not conscious while leaving open the possibility for both conscious insects a

NASA’s futuristic X-59 jet is about to face its biggest challenge yet: breaking the sound barrier for the first time。 After a successful series of test flights that pushed the aircraft to near-supersonic speeds, engineers are preparing to fly it faster than Mach 1 and eventually up to Mach 1。6 at 60,000 feet