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Intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) is a common neuromuscular complication among patients in the ICU. The short-term consequences include muscle weakness, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and prolonged hospitalization, and the long-term consequences include increased patient comorbidities, increased hospitalization costs, and a higher disease burden. However, few studies have examined ICU nurses' KAP regarding ICU-acquired weakness, particularly in the context of Chinese tertiary hospitals. Therefore, it is important to understand the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of ICU-AW among ICU nurses. This is an exploratory cross-sectional study conducted without prespecified directional hypotheses. Through this study, we aim to understand the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of ICU nurses with respect to ICU-AW. The findings will provide a reference for hospitals to manage or prevent ICU-AW. From January 2023 to February 2023, a survey involving 208 ICU nurses (recruited through convenience sampling) in Shiyan area was conducted. The survey included a general information questionnaire and the ICU-AW Knowledge and Attitudes Practices Questionnaire. The mean scores for knowledge, attitude, and practice were 32.29&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;4.50, 34.64&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;4.81, and 30.41&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;7.47, respectively. The multiple linear regression showed that hospital level and nurses' marital status independently related to the knowledge and practices of ICU nurses around ICU-AW (both P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05). The linear regression equation was as follows: Y&#x2009;=&#x2009;91.736&#x2009;-&#x2009;6.373 &#xd7; hospital level&#x2009;-&#x2009;4.119 &#xd7; marital status (F&#x2009;=&#x2009;11.349, R2&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.101, adjusted R2&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.092). The overall knowledge and practice levels of ICU nurses with respect to ICU-AW was moderate, and was associated with hospital level and marital status. The findings of this exploratory study provide preliminary evidence and testable hypotheses for subsequent prospective or interventional studies. Not applicable.

China's Healthcare Security Diagnosis-Related Groups (CHS-DRG) framework anchors inpatient payment to a relative weight (RW) set by each hospitalization's severity stratum. That stratum depends on the complications and comorbidities (CC) and major complications and comorbidities (MCC) identified among recorded secondary diagnoses, so ICD-10 documentation carries direct payment consequences. Evidence on diagnostic coding combination patterns in clinically complex populations, and on the methodological hazards of analyzing an exposure defined by grouper logic, remains limited. This single-center retrospective study used medical record front page and CHS-DRG grouping data (locally implemented national grouper, v2.0) for pneumonia hospitalizations discharged from Anhui Chest Hospital in 2025. The hospitalization was the unit of analysis; 131 met pre-specified criteria and were classified by recorded ICD-10 secondary diagnoses into three mutually exclusive coding patterns (basic-disease-only; basic disease with CC; enhanced complication). Because the exposure shares the grouper's own logic, its correspondence with the severity stratum is treated as definitional and the regressions as exploratory. Reporting follows STROBE and RECORD. Among 131 hospitalizations (mean age 70.4&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;10.7 years; 91 of 131 male, 69.5%), 15 (11.45%), 20 (15.27%), and 96 (73.28%) fell into the basic-disease-only, basic disease with CC, and enhanced complication patterns. By construction each pattern mapped one-to-one onto its severity stratum. Total hospitalization expenditure, the only non-definitional outcome, rose across patterns (H&#x2009;=&#x2009;43.57, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001): medians 5,938.62, 6,769.91, and 25,501.36 yuan (approximately US$827, US$943, and US$3,552); RW followed a parallel gradient (H&#x2009;=&#x2009;42.96, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). In exploratory regression, length of stay and the count of recorded chronic conditions co-varied with MCC entry (adjusted OR 1.234, 95% CI 1.101 to 1.384, and 1.411, 95% CI 1.144 to 1.741, respectively), both contemporaneous and partially coding-dependent rather than independent predictors. The structure of recorded ICD-10 diagnoses corresponded to CHS-DRG severity stratification and RW by definition rather than through an independent association, while realized expenditure rose in parallel. The study is best read as a cautionary illustration of definitional circularity: rule-conformant ICD-10 coding remains necessary for accurate stratification and equitable payment, but coding-pattern data alone cannot establish independent clinical or economic effects. Not applicable.

The increasing use of pyrethroids and neonicotinoids, such as those present in the commercial formulation ZEUS&#x24c7; (Ihara, Brazil), has raised environmental concerns attributed to enhanced risk of aquatic contamination. Fish are valuable bioindicators due to their ability to bioaccumulate and metabolically respond to contaminants. This study evaluated the acute effects of ZEUS&#x24c7; exposure in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) using biochemical and molecular biomarkers. Male juvenile fish (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;10 per treatment) were exposed for 24&#x2009;hr to ZEUS&#x24c7; at 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2&#x2009;mg/L. Hepatic gene transcription of genes related to xenobiotic biotransformation, antioxidant defense, inflammation, and apoptosis was assessed, together with glutathione S-transferase (Gst) and catalase (Cat) activities and lipid peroxidation levels. Lambda-cyhalothrin and dinotefuran were not detected in the muscle tissue. Biomarker responses revealed a significant 4-fold downregulation of carboxylesterase (cbe3) transcription at 0.1&#x2009;mg/L, and a 40% reduction in Gst activity at 0.2&#x2009;mg/L. Lipid peroxidation increased approximately 6-fold and 8-fold at 0.05 and 0.2&#x2009;mg/L, respectively. No significant changes were observed in antioxidant-, inflammatory-, or apoptosis-related gene transcription. These findings indicate that acute ZEUS&#x24c7; exposure alters detoxification processes and induces oxidative lipid damage, indicating the need for longer-term studies evaluating tissue-specific responses and bioaccumulation dynamics.

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma exhibits variable clinicopathological behavior and prognosis across different geographic populations. Limited data are available regarding the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of this disease in Middle Eastern populations, particularly in Egypt, where late presentation and advanced disease stages remain common challenges. To evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of Oral squamous cell carcinoma and assess the prognostic significance of American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition staging, histopathological parameters, and combined risk patterns on survival and recurrence in an Egyptian cohort. This retrospective study included 150 Oral squamous cell carcinoma patients treated at Alexandria University between 2018 and 2022. Tumors were re-staged according to American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition criteria. Clinical, histopathological, and follow-up data were analyzed, including tumor differentiation, surgical margin status, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, depth of invasion, and extranodal extension. Recurrence and survival outcomes were correlated with clinicopathological and combined histopathological risk factors. Mean age of patients was approximately 56 years, with tongue being the commonest tumor site. Re-staging according to American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition resulted in significant stage migration toward advanced disease stages, particularly stage IVb. Moderately differentiated tumors represented the commonest histopathological grade. Advanced AJCC stages, depth of invasion&#x2009;>&#x2009;10&#xa0;mm, positive surgical margins, higher histological grades, positive extranodal extension, and perineural and lymphovascular positivity were significantly associated with poorer survival and higher recurrence rates. Smoking and positive family history were also significantly associated with adverse outcomes. In contrast, traditional TNM staging showed no significant association with recurrence or survival outcomes. American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition staging demonstrated improved risk stratification and stronger associations with recurrence and survival outcomes compared to traditional TNM staging in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma patients. Depth of invasion, extranodal extension, and the combined histopathological risk pattern were strongly associated with aggressive tumor behavior and poorer outcomes. These findings provide valuable data from an Egyptian and Middle Eastern population and support the integration of updated staging systems with histopathological risk assessment in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma management.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a key role in ectopic mineralization. Effective treatment requires both inhibiting pathological calcification and promoting vessel growth. While prostacyclin synthase (PTGIS) is critical for vascular health, its role in regulating osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation in MSCs remains unclear. Following PTGIS modulation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), osteogenesis was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin Red staining (ARS), and hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) particles implantation. Angiogenesis was evaluated via a co-culture system of BMSCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Mechanistic studies involved Ca&#xb2;&#x207a; dynamics, western blotting, and pharmacological inhibition. Knockdown of PTGIS enhanced ALP activity, mineralization, the expression of the osteogenic marker DMP1/BSP, and bone-like tissue formation both in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, PTGIS knockdown reduced tubule formation in vitro and impaired blood vessel formation, and the expression of the angiogenic marker CD31 in vivo. Mechanistically, the overexpression of PTGIS promoted Ca&#xb2;&#x207a; efflux, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dilation and vacuolization, increased the levels of the ER stress markers BIP/GRP75, and elevated PI3K/AKT phosphorylation. The inhibition of either ER stress or AKT activity restored osteogenic capacity by enhancing ALP activity and mineralization, and suppressed angiogenic capacity by inhibiting tubule formation in BMSCs. PTGIS inhibited osteogenic and promoted angiogenic differentiation of BMSCs through ER stress mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This PTGIS-dependent regulatory pathway offers new insight into MSC fate determination and represents a potential therapeutic strategy for treating ectopic mineralization disorders.

Across sub-Saharan Africa, and Nigeria in particular, young women and adolescent girls aged 15 to 24 continue to face a disproportionate risk of HIV - and a large part of that risk comes down to unprotected sex. Knowing about HIV is widely assumed to lead to safer behaviour, yet the evidence that knowledge actually translates into condom use is far from straightforward. This study takes a closer look at that relationship, comparing comprehensive HIV knowledge and condom non-use among unmarried adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Nigeria across three points in time. We drew on data from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 2008, 2013, and 2018. Condom non-use at last sexual intercourse - a standard DHS indicator - served as our measure of risky sexual behaviour. The analysis focused on sexually active unmarried women in two age groups: adolescent girls aged 15 to 19, and young women aged 20 to 24. We excluded participants with missing or unclear responses for the outcome variable or key covariates. Weighted descriptive statistics and survey-weighted binary logistic regression models were run separately for each age group and survey year, with all analyses accounting for the clustered, stratified sampling design of the NDHS. Stata 16.1 was used throughout. HIV knowledge improved over the study period, particularly among young women in the older age group, while trends in condom use followed a less predictable pattern. Among adolescent girls, comprehensive HIV knowledge was not meaningfully linked to condom use in 2008, but that association became statistically significant by 2013 and held through 2018. Importantly, though, condom non-use actually rose in 2018 even as knowledge levels reached their highest point - a clear sign that knowing is not the same as doing. Socioeconomic status and region of residence were both significantly associated with condom use. Comprehensive HIV knowledge among unmarried AGYW in Nigeria has grown, but it has not reliably translated into condom use. This gap between what young women know and what they are able to do points to barriers that go well beyond information - structural, social, and economic forces that shape the choices available to them. Closing that gap will require interventions that take those realities seriously.

Lung-protective ventilation is a cornerstone of modern mechanical ventilation, yet real-world adherence to lung-protective targets remains suboptimal. While previous studies have established the physiological benefits of low tidal volume and driving pressure, clinical implementation is hindered by limited monitoring granularity and lack of real-time actionable feedback. This trial aims to evaluate whether a real-time, cloud-based algorithmic feedback platform can improve lung-protective ventilation delivery and contribute to better clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients with ARDS. This multicentre, parallel-group, open-label randomised controlled trial will enrol 208 adult mechanically ventilated ICU patients with ARDS from nine adult ICUs across tertiary academic hospitals and regional referral centres in multiple provinces and municipalities in mainland China. Participants will be randomly assigned in blocks to receive either standard monitoring (Control group) or real-time respiratory mechanics feedback through a cloud-based platform (Intervention group). The intervention group will receive real-time alerts for lasting 72 h and ventilator reports every 24 h, integrating tidal volume, plateau pressure, driving pressure, mechanical power, and detected patient-ventilator asynchrony events. The primary outcome is the lung-protective ventilation achievement rate, defined as compliance with VT&#x2009;<&#x2009;8 mL/kg predicted body weight, driving pressure&#x2009;<&#x2009;15 cmH&#x2082;O, plateau pressure&#x2009;<&#x2009;30 cmH&#x2082;O, and mechanical power&#x2009;<&#x2009;17 J/min during the first 72 h after randomisation. Secondary outcomes include ventilator-free days at day 28, ICU length of stay, ventilator-associated complications, inflammatory biomarkers, clinician satisfaction, and predefined safety outcomes, including severe hypoxemia, severe hypercapnia/acidemia, barotrauma, and hemodynamic instability temporally associated with ventilator adjustments. This study is, to our knowledge, among the first multicentre randomised controlled trials to evaluate a real-time algorithmic feedback platform designed to enhance lung-protective ventilation. The intervention is designed to provide continuous bedside feedback on ventilation mechanics and may enable more timely and standardised clinical adjustments, with the potential to facilitate lung-protective ventilation delivery. Triaiontl registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT07307066 (Registration Date: 2025/12/02).

Dengue is not endemic in Australia and outbreaks occur occasionally after viraemic travellers visit parts of Queensland where dengue vectors are prevalent. Prior to 2016, Aedes aegypti was the primary vector of dengue in Australia. However, several dengue outbreaks have occurred more recently on islands in the Torres Strait region where Ae. aegypti has been displaced by Aedes albopictus following its first detection in the islands in 2005. In November 2024, adult female Ae. albopictus were collected during a dengue outbreak on Masig Island where Ae. aegypti is now absent after displacement by Ae. albopictus. Collected mosquitoes were pooled and screened for the presence of dengue virus by qRT-PCR and direct RNA sequencing. Dengue virus RNA was detected by qRT-PCR in 9 of 12 mosquito pools. RNA sequencing of three positive pools confirmed the virus as belonging to dengue serotype 3 (DENV-3), consistent with the clinical serotype identified during the 2024 outbreak. Sequencing further detected four insect-specific viruses, including Bio Sioux River virus, reported in Australia for the first time. These results represent the first detection and whole genome sequencing of dengue virus in Ae. albopictus collected in Australia. The detection of DENV-3 RNA in Ae. albopictus during a concurrent outbreak of the same serotype in the absence of Ae. aegypti supports the ability of Ae. albopictus to drive independent dengue outbreaks. The findings confirm the risk of dengue outbreaks in mainland Australia if Ae. albopictus were to invade and expand beyond its current distribution in the Torres Strait.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) serves as a predominant pathogenic driver of spinal degenerative diseases and low back pain. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators involved in the pathogenesis of IDD. Despite this, the specific contributions of LINC00324, a particular lncRNA, to the advancement of IDD are not yet well understood. The study seeks to elucidate the functional role and explore the potential molecular mechanisms of LINC00324 in IDD. RT-qPCR was employed to analyze LINC00324, miR-143-3p, and TRAIL levels in intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues from IDD patients and control subjects, followed by correlation analysis. Bioinformatics tools, dual-luciferase reporter assays, and RNA pull-down experiments were conducted to validate the regulatory interactions within LINC00324/miR-143-3p/TRAIL in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). In vitro, NPCs were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to construct an IDD cell model. RT-qPCR, western blot, CCK-8 assay, and flow cytometry were utilized to evaluate the effects on the levels of LINC00324/miR-143-3p/TRAIL/DR4/DR5, as well as the proliferation and apoptosis of NPCs. Additionally, extracellular matrix (ECM)-related proteins and inflammatory factors were detected by western blot and ELISA, respectively. In vivo, a rat IDD model was established through fibroannular puncture. Radiological analysis (X-ray), HE staining, TUNEL staining, and western blot were used to assess disc structural changes, NPC apoptosis, and the levels of miR-143-3p/TRAIL/DR4/DR5 and apoptosis-related proteins. Clinical evidence showed that LINC00324 and TRAIL levels were increased, and miR-143-3p was decreased in IDD samples. miR-143-3p had the negative correlation coefficient with TRAIL and LINC00324. Furthermore, LINC00324 acted as a sponge for miR-143-3p, and miR-143-3p specifically attenuated the downstream of TRAIL level. In vitro, the LPS-induced IDD model showed decreased NPC viability, increased apoptosis, disrupted ECM metabolism (downregulated Collagen II and Aggrecan, upregulated MMP13), elevated inflammatory factors, and activated TRAIL/DR4/DR5 axis. Silencing LINC00324 or overexpressing miR-143-3p alleviated these pathological changes. Furthermore, miR-143-3p partially counteracted the promoting influences of LINC00324 overexpression on NPC apoptosis, ECM degradation, inflammatory response, and TRAIL/DR4/DR5 axis activation in the IDD model. In vivo, LINC00324 overexpression exacerbated IDD in rats (decreased disc height index, disrupted NPC tissue structure, enhanced NPC apoptosis, aggravated ECM degradation, inhibited miR-143-3p expression, and activated TRAIL/DR4/DR5 axis), while LINC00324 knockdown attenuated these degenerative changes. In conclusion, LINC00324 promotes IDD progression by inducing NPC apoptosis, disrupting ECM metabolism, and enhancing inflammatory response via sponging miR-143-3p to activate the TRAIL/DR4/DR5 axis. Not applicable.

Standing sedation is frequently required in donkeys for minor surgical and diagnostic procedures, yet information on the cardiac safety of &#x3b1;2-adrenoceptor agonists and opioid combinations in this species is limited. This study evaluated the echocardiographic effects of intravenous medetomidine, butorphanol, and their combination in clinically healthy donkeys. Sixty donkeys were randomly assigned to four groups (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;15/group) to receive intravenous saline (control group, CG), medetomidine group (10&#xa0;&#xb5;g/kg, MG), butorphanol group (50&#xa0;&#xb5;g/kg, BG), or medetomidine-butorphanol group (10&#xa0;&#xb5;g/kg&#x2009;+&#x2009;50&#xa0;&#xb5;g/kg, MBG). Butorphanol was administered 5&#xa0;min after medetomidine in the MBG. M-mode echocardiography was performed from a right parasternal short-axis view at baseline and at 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120&#xa0;min after treatment. Left ventricular internal diameter (LVID), interventricular septal thickness (IVST), and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW) were measured at end-diastole (d) and end-systole (s). Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF%), and fractional shortening (FS%) were calculated. Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures general linear model. Medetomidine alone was associated with significant reductions in EF% and FS%, together with significant changes in LVIDs and LVIDd. SV was also significantly lower in the medetomidine group than in the control group during the main post-treatment period; however, SV and the calculated LV volumes were interpreted cautiously because they are load-dependent variables derived from linear M-mode measurements. These changes were accompanied by an increase in LVIDs and a reduction in IVSs, indicating transient depression of conventional left ventricular systolic indices and altered loading conditions. Butorphanol alone produced only minor, parameter-specific changes in LVID, IVST, and most echocardiographic indices, with no consistent clinically relevant deterioration compared with baseline or the CG. In contrast, the MBG showed marked changes in ventricular dimensions and calculated indices from 15 to 60&#xa0;min; however, these findings were interpreted cautiously because the calculated systolic indices are load-dependent. Intravenous medetomidine, butorphanol, and their combination exert distinct and protocol-dependent effects on left ventricular dimensions and systolic function in donkeys. Medetomidine alone substantially and transiently depresses systolic performance, whereas butorphanol alone is comparatively cardiovascular-sparing. The medetomidine-butorphanol combination may be considered for standing sedation in clinically healthy donkeys; however, its echocardiographic effects should be interpreted cautiously as load-dependent changes, and cardiovascular monitoring remains advisable.

Following the acute phase of a SARS-CoV-2 infection, post-COVID - or long-COVID - syndrome may develop. This condition is characterized by unpleasant, persistent or new-onset symptoms following the acute phase of the infection. It might lead to an impaired health-related quality of life of affected patients and may involve multiple organ systems. It often poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for the healthcare system, and its exact course and outcomes are not yet fully understood. A multidisciplinary approach is required for diagnosis, including imaging studies (e.g., chest CT), tests to assess functional status (e.g., 6-minute walk test, pulmonary function tests, cardiopulmonary exercise testing) and the evaluation of parameters reported by patients subjectively (e.g., symptom burden, health-related quality of life). As part of long-COVID, lung parenchymal changes or abnormalities resulting from the viral infection can be detected on imaging studies in some cases, referred as post-COVID pulmonary fibrosis. Currently, therapeutic options are limited and largely based on symptomatic or organ-specific approaches. However, antiviral treatments used in the acute phase, such as remdesivir or nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, may be potentially beneficial regarding the development of late complications. Prevention, particularly COVID-19 vaccination, plays a key role, as it has been shown to reduce the risk of severe acute disease and the later probability of long-COVID syndrome. Further long-term patient follow-up is necessary to better understand the pathomechanisms underlying long-term effects of the virus, such as long-COVID and post-COVID pulmonary fibrosis. This article aims to present an up-to-date, comprehensive review of long-COVID syndrome and post-COVID pulmonary fibrosis. Orv Hetil. 2026; 167(27): 1051-1058. Az akut COVID&#x2013;19 lezajl&#xe1;s&#xe1;t k&#xf6;vet&#x151;en post-COVID-, avagy long-COVID-szindr&#xf3;ma l&#xe9;phet fel, mely a fert&#x151;z&#xe9;s akut id&#x151;szaka ut&#xe1;n is fenn&#xe1;ll&#xf3; kellemetlen perziszt&#xe1;l&#xf3; vagy &#xfa;j kelet&#x171; t&#xfc;netekkel jellemezhet&#x151;, az &#xe9;rintett betegek &#xe9;letmin&#x151;s&#xe9;g&#xe9;t ronthatja, &#xe9;s egyn&#xe9;l t&#xf6;bb szervrendszert is &#xe9;rinthet. Az &#xe1;llapot sokszor diagnosztikus &#xe9;s f&#x151;k&#xe9;nt ter&#xe1;pi&#xe1;s kih&#xed;v&#xe1;st jelenthet az ell&#xe1;t&#xf3;rendszernek, pontos lefoly&#xe1;sa &#xe9;s kimenetelei egyel&#x151;re nem ismertek teljes m&#xe9;rt&#xe9;kben. A diagnosztikus megk&#xf6;zel&#xed;t&#xe9;s multidiszciplin&#xe1;ris szeml&#xe9;letet ig&#xe9;nyel, amelyben kiemelt szerepet kapnak a k&#xe9;palkot&#xf3; vizsg&#xe1;latok (p&#xe9;ld&#xe1;ul mellkasi CT), a funkcion&#xe1;lis &#xe1;llapotot felm&#xe9;r&#x151; vizsg&#xe1;latok (6 perces j&#xe1;r&#xe1;steszt, l&#xe9;gz&#xe9;sfunkci&#xf3;, cardiopulmonalis terhel&#xe9;ses teszt), valamint a betegek &#xe1;ltal szubjekt&#xed;ven jelzett param&#xe9;terek (t&#xfc;neti profil, &#xe9;letmin&#x151;s&#xe9;g) felm&#xe9;r&#xe9;se is. A long-COVID-&#xe1;llapot r&#xe9;szek&#xe9;nt bizonyos esetekben a v&#xed;rusinfekci&#xf3; k&#xf6;vetkezm&#xe9;nyek&#xe9;nt a t&#xfc;d&#x151;parenchyma kiterjedt k&#xe1;rosod&#xe1;sa detekt&#xe1;lhat&#xf3; k&#xe9;palkot&#xf3; felv&#xe9;teleken, melyet a szakirodalom post-COVID-t&#xfc;d&#x151;fibrosisk&#xe9;nt eml&#xed;t. A ter&#xe1;pi&#xe1;s lehet&#x151;s&#xe9;gek jelenleg korl&#xe1;tozottak, &#xe9;s nagyr&#xe9;szt t&#xfc;neti, illetve szervspecifikus megk&#xf6;zel&#xed;t&#xe9;sen alapulnak, ugyanakkor az akut f&#xe1;zisban alkalmazott antivir&#xe1;lis kezel&#xe9;sek, mint a remdesivir vagy a nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, potenci&#xe1;lisan befoly&#xe1;solhatj&#xe1;k a k&#xe9;s&#x151;i sz&#xf6;v&#x151;dm&#xe9;nyek kialakul&#xe1;s&#xe1;t. A megel&#x151;z&#xe9;s kulcsszerepet j&#xe1;tszik, k&#xfc;l&#xf6;n&#xf6;s tekintettel a vakcin&#xe1;ci&#xf3;ra, amely bizony&#xed;tottan cs&#xf6;kkenti a s&#xfa;lyos betegs&#xe9;g &#xe9;s feltehet&#x151;en a long-COVID kialakul&#xe1;s&#xe1;nak kock&#xe1;zat&#xe1;t is. A long-COVID-szindr&#xf3;ma &#xe9;s a post-COVID-t&#xfc;d&#x151;fibrosis patomechanizmus&#xe1;nak pontosabb meg&#xe9;rt&#xe9;s&#xe9;hez tov&#xe1;bbi hossz&#xfa; t&#xe1;v&#xfa; betegk&#xf6;vet&#xe9;s lehet sz&#xfc;ks&#xe9;ges. A jelen k&#xf6;zlem&#xe9;ny c&#xe9;lja a long-COVID-szindr&#xf3;ma &#xe9;s a post-COVID-t&#xfc;d&#x151;fibrosis bemutat&#xe1;sa egy naprak&#xe9;sz, &#xe1;tfog&#xf3; &#xf6;sszefoglal&#xf3; form&#xe1;j&#xe1;ban. Orv Hetil. 2026; 167(27): 1051&#x2013;158.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition including incorrect functioning in communication, social interaction, and repetitive behavior. Global prevalence is estimated as 1-2%, with a predominance of men. Different pre- and perinatal, environmental, immunological, neurobiological, genetic, and epigenetic factors are involved in the etiology of ASD. The study aims to analyze genetic abnormalities in patients with ASD according to data from the current literature. Studies available in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases were chosen through a literature search. Only papers published from 2020, available as full-text publications in English, with studies conducted on humans, original papers, or meta-analyses were included. The following types of genetic variation were identified: copy number variants, larger insertions, inversions, uniparental disomies, tandem repeat expansions, common single nucleotide polymorphisms, single nucleotide variants, short insertions/deletions, and mitochondrial variants. Epigenetic factors, like histone modifications, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, and micro ribonucleic acid might play an important role in ASD predisposition. Genes identified in the review were mainly involved in neurodevelopment, synaptic formation, neuronal migration, neurotransmission, glial proliferation, ubiquitination, chromatin remodeling, or transcription. ASD is described as a component of the phenotype in fragile X syndrome, tuberous sclerosis complex, neurofibromatosis type 1, Angelman, Phelan-McDermid, Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndromes, and chromosome trisomies. Current guidelines for genetic diagnosis of ASD recommend performing directed genetic studies in the first line (like multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification - MLPA, analysis of FMR1 gene), in case of a negative result, chromosomal microarray as a routine method, then next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel testing, WES (whole exome sequencing), or even WGS (whole genome sequencing) as the last test. Wider access to modern diagnostic methods has increased the number of ASD patients in whom the genetic etiology of the disorder has been uncovered. Knowledge of the genetic background would be applicable in the diagnosis, prevention, prognosis, and individualized treatment.

Post-retrieval extinction has been proposed to modify fear memories by introducing safety information during the reconsolidation window. Imagery rescripting (ImRS) is a visual imagery-based intervention that alters the valence of emotional memories through UCS revaluation. The integration of ImRS and extinction targets both UCS revaluation and expectancy revaluation, providing a dual mechanism for fear reduction. This study explores the combined effects of imagery rescripting (ImRS) and extinction during the reconsolidation window to attenuate the return of generalised fear. Sixty-one healthy individuals underwent fear acquisition and generalisation (Day 1), followed by intervention (Day 2: Reactivation- ImRS and Extinction group or ImRS and Extinction group). On Day 3, return of generalised fear through reinstatement was tested using unsignalled UCS presentations. Skin conductance responses (SCR), expectancy ratings, and valence ratings were the outcome measures. The reactivation-ImRS + extinction group showed reduced reinstatement effects compared to the ImRS + extinction group, evidenced by attenuated SCR and increased CS+ valence ratings. The current study suggests that imagery rescripting and extinction conducted post-retrieval is more effective in reducing the return of conditioned fear. Therefore, integrating ImRS with post-retrieval extinction may offer a novel therapeutic pathway for reducing fear relapse.

To determine the frequency of selected MKRN3 variants and to investigate genotype-phenotype associations in Uzbek children with central precocious puberty, with particular emphasis on sex-specific clinical, hormonal, and instrumental characteristics. This single-center study included 69 Uzbek children with CPP and 30 healthy controls (used primarily for assay validation). Targeted genotyping of three MKRN3 variants (c.1034G>A [p.Arg345His], c.1229G>A [p.Cys410Ter], and c.331G>T [p.Glu111Ter]) was performed using real-time PCR with TaqMan assays. Clinical, hormonal, skeletal, and ultrasonographic parameters were analyzed using non-parametric methods. Selected MKRN3 variants were identified in 21.7&#x202f;% (15/69) of this cohort of Uzbek children with CPP. The most frequent variant was c.1034G>A (13.0&#x202f;%), followed by c.1229G>A (8.7&#x202f;%); c.331G>T was not detected. Variant frequency was higher in boys (28.6&#x202f;%) than in girls (18.7&#x202f;%), without statistical significance. In girls, variant carriers had significantly smaller uterine and ovarian dimensions, larger dominant follicle diameter, and lower basal LH levels, while&#xa0;bone age advancement and estradiol levels were comparable. In boys, variant carriers demonstrated higher testosterone levels, with no significant differences in gonadotropins, bone age advancement, or testicular volume. Selected MKRN3 variants were present in 21.7&#x202f;% of this cohort of Uzbek children with CPP. MKRN3-related CPP demonstrated genotype-specific morphological and endocrine features, particularly in girls. These findings suggest phenotypic heterogeneity and warrant confirmation in larger sequencing-based studies.

Conventional exogenous modification strategies fail to fundamentally resolve the inherent conflict between rapid carrier recombination and severe photocorrosion in cadmium sulfide (CdS) photocatalysts. To address this issue, a solvent coordination strategy was developed for synergistic phase, facet, and defect engineering of CdS. Four CdS samples were successfully synthesized, including CdS cubic phase, nanospheres, nanowires, and nanorods. Systematic experimental characterizations combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that ethylenediamine (EDA) selectively adsorbs on the (002) facet, inducing oriented growth along [101] and in situ sulfur vacancy (Vs) enrichment on the highly active (101) facet. The optimized CdS nanorods deliver a photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) rate 11.17 times higher than that of the CdS cubic phase and maintain high activity following 30 h of continuous illumination. This work provides new insights into the rational design of highly efficient and stable sulfide-based photocatalysts.

The submental island flap (SIF) is a versatile reconstructive option for oral cavity defects, but concerns regarding recurrences in level I lymph node basins have persisted in the context of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NICT). This study evaluated the clinical outcomes and the incidence of loco-regional recurrences following SIF reconstruction in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) treated with or without NICT. This retrospective cohort study included 279 patients who underwent SIF reconstruction for OSCC between 2018 and 2024, divided into NICT (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;135) and upfront surgery (US, n&#x2009;=&#x2009;144) groups. Propensity score matching (1:1) yielded 85 patients per group with balanced baseline characteristics. Primary outcome was loco-regional recurrence (LRR) analyzed using competing risks regression. Secondary outcomes included overall survival (OS), recurrence patterns, and flap-related complications. After matching, the NICT group demonstrated significantly less LRR (cumulative incidence 11.8% vs. 30.6%; Gray's test, p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.004) and OS (3-year OS 91.8% vs. 85.7%; log-rank p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.041). On multivariable analysis, NICT remained an independent protective factor for LRR (adjusted SHR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.38; 95% CI: 0.20-0.72; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.003) and OS (adjusted HR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.51; 95% CI: 0.27-0.96; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.038). Critically, no recurrences occurred within level I or along the flap subcutaneous tract in either group. Pathological analysis confirmed complete level I lymph node clearance (median yield 7 nodes) with only two NICT patients having positive level I nodes. Flap complication rates were comparable between groups, with no total flap losses. In this cohort, SIF reconstruction combined with meticulous level I lymph node clearance was feasible and not associated with observed level I or flap tract recurrences. NICT appears to be associated with significantly improved survival without compromising flap outcomes.

The intensification of food production systems highlights the need for poultry gut health strategies aligned with One Health goals. Central to this is a balanced gut microbiota, which supports nutrient absorption, immunity, and disease resilience. We applied integrative multi-omics, combining untargeted LC-MS metabolomics and shotgun metagenomics, to explore the caecal responses of commercial Ross-308 broilers to two widely used gut health interventions: ionophore supplementation (T1) and anticoccidial vaccination (T2). Across 7,554 detected metabolites, we identified candidate metabolic signatures: T1 was marked by trends in prenol lipids, including multiple soyasaponins, and enrichment of cellular stress-related pathways (e.g. glutathione pathway). T2 instead was associated with shifts in aromatic amino acid metabolism, elevating tryptophan-derived indoles such as 5-methoxyindole. While global metabolic profiles did not differ significantly (PERMANOVA p&#x2009;>&#x2009;0.05), supervised integration (DIABLO algorithm) identified 405 potential metabolite-MAG correlations. Bacteroides fragilis emerged as a dominant associate, correlating positively with a diverse range of metabolites (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;271). Functional gene analysis suggested a link between Mediterraneibacter spp. and soyasaponin deglycosylation, while Ruminococcaceae UBA3818 showed genomic potential for tryptophan utilisation and indole-linked metabolic steps. Our exploratory findings suggest that prophylactic interventions impact the gut microbiome, resulting in divergent subsets of metabolic features. This highlights the potential of microbiome-informed strategies to improve enteric disease management and advance gut health centred approaches in both veterinary and human contexts.

To assess the feasibility of using the cell-free DNA barcode-enabled single-molecule test (cfBEST) for non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) of &#x3b1;-thalassemia and &#x3b2;-thalassemia. Seventy two thalassemia carrier families participated in the study. The cfBEST method was employed to identify thalassemia genotypes in fetal cell-free DNA extracted from maternal plasma, targeting four &#x3b1;-thalassemia gene mutations and 13 common &#x3b2;-thalassemia gene mutations. Validation was conducted using gap-PCR and PCR-RDB through invasive prenatal diagnosis. All prenatal diagnosis results were later confirmed for accuracy. cfBEST successfully identified 94.6% (88/93) of fetal alleles, achieving a sensitivity of 94% (95% CI, 83.45%-98.75%) and a specificity of 95.35% (95% CI, 84.19%-99.43%). All prenatal diagnosis results were followed up, and the follow-up findings were consistent with the prenatal diagnosis results. The findings indicate that cfBEST is a reliable, precise, simple, and cost-efficient method suitable for non-invasive prenatal testing of &#x3b1;-thalassemia and &#x3b2;-thalassemia.

Medicinal baths are a widely practiced traditional health maintenance method in southern China, yet systematic ethnobotanical studies from coastal regions remain limited. The Beibu Gulf coastal area of Guangxi is a biologically and culturally diverse region where such practices are actively maintained. This study aims to document the plant species used in traditional medicinal baths and to characterize their composition, usage patterns, and regional variation. Ethnobotanical interviews were conducted at 20 sites across Beihai, Qinzhou, and Fangchenggang City, which comprise the Beibu Gulf. A total of 135 informants (62 males and 73 females) were interviewed in medicinal markets and traditional villages. Data on plant species, plant parts used, and medicinal applications were recorded. Quantitative analyses, including Jaccard Index (JI), cumulative contribution analysis, and Gini coefficient, were applied to assess species similarity and usage patterns. A total of 286 plant species used for medicinal baths were recorded. These plants belong to 92 families and 218 genera. Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Rubiaceae, and Asteraceae were the dominant families, with monotypic genera prevalent. Herbs were the most common life form (99 species, 34.62%). Branches, leaves, and whole plants accounted for 71.66% of use. The main applications of these plants in medicinal bath practices were for traumatic injuries, rheumatic diseases, and skin conditions (58.50%). Species richness was highest in Fangchenggang (249 species), followed by Qinzhou (238) and Beihai (144), with 133 shared species. Higher similarity was observed between Fangchenggang and Qinzhou (JI&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.72). The top 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100 species contributed 10.24%, 18.16%, 25.10%, 37.47%, and 62.25% of total usage frequency, respectively, with a Gini coefficient of 0.383. The medicinal bath plant system in the Beibu Gulf coastal region is characterized by high species richness and a balanced structure of commonly used and supplementary species. While a shared core flora exists, local differences among cities in the Beibu Gulf are also evident. This study provides comprehensive ethnobotanical data from southern coastal China and offers a regional case for understanding plant selection and functional convergence in medicinal bath practices.