The evolution of life is characterized by major transitions, i.e., the evolution of new targets of selection (e.g., prokaryotes, eukaryotes, multicellular organisms, social insect colonies). They arose when preexisting lower-level units cooperated and gave up the capability to reproduce so that reproductive success is now achieved at the new, joint, higher unit. Currently, increasing confusion exists about major transition in evolution (MTE) that hampers progress in this fundamental research field. Misconceptions partly arose due to inadequate evolutionary reasoning. In addition, pivotal recent work shows considerable diversity in organismality in metazoan and social insect systems that makes clear-cut distinctions of transitions more difficult and that challenges our classical understanding of MTEs. Applying evolutionary reasoning, we develop three categories that all metazoan and social insect systems can be grouped into. The categories are defined by the reproductive potential of altruistic level units and how they can realize it (i.e., via independent reproduction as dispersing propagules or only through reproduction within the higher-level unit). These categories capture the variation in diversity in organismality that is crucial when analyzing potential major transitions, but that was always hard to grasp. This unifying conceptual framework advances our understanding of MTEs. It will enable comparative analyses within as well as across MTEs, to answer fundamental questions about the evolution of life.
Proteins operate under competing demands imposed by stability, dynamics, and function, all of which are shaped by evolution. Local energetic frustration provides a quantitative framework to describe how these competing requirements are distributed within the native states of proteins, identifying regions where interactions are optimized and others where energetic conflicts are retained to enable functional behavior. In recent years, the study of local frustration has expanded significantly, driven by the integration of large-scale structural datasets and advances in artificial intelligence methods. Comparative analyses have shown that frustration patterns encode evolutionary pressures across protein families, with minimally frustrated interactions stabilizing structural cores and highly frustrated regions often associated with catalysis, binding, conformational transitions as well as pathogenic phenotypes. At the same time, modern protein language models and structure prediction methods seem to implicitly capture the statistical and structural features underlying frustration, enabling its prediction directly from sequence or structure at proteome scale. These developments suggest that local energetic frustration may be interpreted as an emergent property of the evolutionary information learned by AI models. Here, we review recent advances in the analysis and prediction of local frustration and discuss how this framework could provide mechanistic insights into protein evolution, conformational dynamics, and design. We further argue that incorporating frustration into computational and experimental strategies will be essential to move beyond purely stability-driven approaches toward the rational engineering of functional proteins.
The emerging multi-phase evolution of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is advancing condensed matter physics and dynamic chemistry toward the next holy grail beyond current remarkable successes. To clarify the complex interplay between static and dynamic structure/energy factors governing molecular connection reservation, dissociation, and aggregation, the first serialized MOFs multi-phase evolutions were identified containing seven relevant phase states. The starting three MOFs with isomeric frameworks, that are [Co2L4]·2DMF, [CoL2]·DMF, and [CoL2]·2DMA (labeled as c1-c3, state Ⅰ), transform to similar hydrated products h1-h3 (stateⅡ), which are comparable to hydrogen-bonded framework [CoL2(H2O)4] (c4). Thermal dehydration of h1-h3 and c4 led to disorder and porous frameworks p1-p4 (state Ⅲ), which underwent glass transition to super-cooled liquid scl1-scl4 (state Ⅳ, ΔTscl = 10-24 K). MOFs glasses g1-g4 (state Ⅴ, Tg = 509-513 K) and re-crystallized MOFs rec1-rec4 (state Ⅵ, Tc = 535-547 K, analogues of de-solvated c2) were generated from queching and overheating scl1-scl4. Glass-recovered crystals r1-r4 (state Ⅶ, comparable to c2 or c3) were harvested by soaking g1-g4 in DMF or DMA solvents. For the first time, the enthalpy change between different phase states and their precise energy levels were established. The MOF glasses possess CO2 accessible porosity with a broad pore size range of 4-15 Å, and can be fabricated to be a crack-free membrane. These results demonstrate a concept of hierarchical memory effect, characterized by self-adaptive yet limited distortion of metal nodes driven by coordinative bond reversibility, restricted ligand movement in condensed state, and divergencer/convergence during framework disassembly/reassembly. This effect elucidates the origins of phase state evolution, offering new insights into MOF dynamic chemistry and advancing it to unexplored frontiers.
This study aims to examine historical progressions to demonstrate how current debates in alignment philosophy, implant personalization, robotic surgery, and ligament management serve as direct extensions of past concepts. The history of TKA was divided into four major evolutionary phases: the era of experimentation between 1860 and 1970, the period of implant design and biomechanical standardization between 1970 and 2000, the rise of personalization and morphologic understanding between 1985 and 2020, and the modern era of perioperative and technological evolution beginning in the early 2000's. One of the earliest total joint replacement concepts was introduced in 1890 by Gluck, who implanted an ivory hinged knee prosthesis fixed with primitive cement materials. Modern hinged knee arthroplasty emerged during the 1950s to address severe arthritis and ligamentous instability, which constrained out-of-plane movement by allowing only flexion-extension. During the 1980s, modularity and mobile-bearing concepts gained widespread popularity. Metal-backed tibial components allowed polyethylene exchange and improved intraoperative flexibility, a concept exemplified by the Insall Burstein Posterior Stabilized II prosthesis. Beginning in the late 1980s and accelerating during the 1990s and early 2000s, researchers increasingly recognized that standardized implant geometries did not accurately reproduce native anatomy in many patients. During the 2000s and 2010s, alignment philosophy underwent a major paradigm shift. The twenty-first century introduced major advances in digital surgery. The future of total knee arthroplasty will be shaped by advances in implant design, surgical methods, digital technologies, and biologic reconstruction. These trends continue the goal of mimicking native knee anatomy, biomechanics, and function. Future implants will likely shift from standard components to more personalized solutions.
Intracorporeal urinary diversion (ICUD) represents an important technical milestone in the transition of robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) toward a completely minimally invasive surgical pathway. However, the evolution of research activity, collaborative structure, and emerging themes within this area has not yet been fully delineated. Therefore, the present study aimed to map the knowledge landscape of ICUD during RARC. Relevant publications were identified from the Web of Science Core Collection, with all available editions selected, and the search was conducted on July 1, 2026. English-language Articles and Reviews officially published between 2010 and 2025 were independently screened to determine their thematic eligibility. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using an abbreviation-free search strategy and more restrictive visualization thresholds. Bibliometrix, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and SCImago Graphica were used to characterize publication patterns, national and institutional contributions, author and journal profiles, influential references, and temporal changes in keyword-based research themes. Overall, 250 records were included in the final analysis, including 212 Articles and 38 Review Articles. The annual number of publications showed a general upward trend, rising from 2 publications in 2010 to 34 publications in 2025, with a peak of 36 in 2021. The United States maintained the leading cumulative publication trajectory and received the highest total citation count (2,139). Karolinska Institutet was the most productive institution (43 publications), Giuseppe Simone ranked as the leading author in terms of productivity (23 publications), and BJU International was identified as the leading source journal (25 publications). The co-citation and keyword analyses revealed an evolutionary shift from initial feasibility studies and technical descriptions toward research on diversion types, perioperative outcomes, enhanced recovery, learning curves, and comparative effectiveness. Recent burst terms, including "randomised controlled trial," "mortality," "survival," and "morbidity," suggested increasing attention to comparative evaluation and clinically meaningful outcomes, although burst-term findings reflect changes in keyword usage rather than direct evidence of improved study quality. Sensitivity analyses using an abbreviation-free search strategy and more restrictive visualization thresholds showed broadly consistent thematic and source-level patterns. Research on ICUD during RARC has expanded from technical exploration toward increasing attention to procedural standardization, learning curves, comparative evaluation, and clinically meaningful outcomes. Nevertheless, these bibliometric patterns should be interpreted as indicators of research attention rather than direct evidence that surgical standardization has been achieved or that clinical outcomes have improved. The evidence base remains heterogeneous and concentrated in experienced centers. Further multicenter prospective studies with standardized reporting and longer follow-up are needed to clarify the implementation strategy and long-term clinical value of ICUD.
The co-existence of microplastics (MPs) and spilled oil in marine environments leads to the formation of microplastic-oil agglomerates (MOAs), significantly altering the environmental fate of both pollutants. This study investigates the interactions between three types of MPs and three crude oils under turbulent conditions. Using a custom-developed in situ non-contact microscopic observation system, we characterized the oil-water interface and the morphological evolution of MOAs. Results demonstrate that pristine MPs, particularly PVC and PET, significantly reduce oil dispersion efficiency by promoting droplet refloating and coalescence, increasing median droplet sizes from <400 μm to over 600 μm. UV-induced aging of MPs increased surface polarity and roughness, which, while slightly mitigating oil coalescence compared to pristine MPs, promoted the formation of larger, structurally densified MOAs. Heavy crude oil consistently formed the largest MOAs up to 4.2 mm with the highest trapped oil mass due to its high viscosity and asphaltene content. Conversely, for lighter oils, the aging state of the MPs emerged as the primary driver of MOA morphology through enhanced physical entanglement. These findings provide morphological evidence and mechanistic understanding into MOA formation, offering critical insights into the sedimentation and transport of composite plastic-oil pollution in coastal ecosystems.
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targeting conserved regions of the betacoronavirus spike are important for pan-betacoronavirus protection and pandemic preparedness. Here, we report the isolation of a human monoclonal antibody, CC65.1, from a SARS-CoV-2 convalescent donor that targets the conserved S2 stem helix region. CC65.1 neutralizes various sarbecoviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, and binds to the MERS-CoV spike but lacks MERS-CoV-neutralizing activity due to insufficient binding affinity. We utilized directed evolution to enhance the binding affinity of CC65.1 for the MERS-CoV S2 stem helix, yielding engineered antibody variants with newly acquired MERS-CoV-neutralizing activity. High-resolution structural analysis reveals key paratope mutations that enhance binding and stabilize epitope engagement. Our findings demonstrate the potential of in vitro affinity maturation to expand the neutralization breadth of stem-helix-targeting antibodies across divergent betacoronaviruses. This work supports the development of engineered bnAbs for broadly protective betacoronavirus countermeasures and provides a strategy for achieving cross-lineage neutralization.
The Mediterranean population of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV-ES) is characterized by a high genetic uniformity, distinguishing it from its Asian counterparts. ToLCNDV-ES is thought to have a monophyletic origin, likely resulting from a single recombination event, prior to its spread throughout the Mediterranean region. Following its first detection in southeastern France in 2020, ToLCNDV-ES re-emerged in France in 2022. Our analysis based on advanced long-read sequencing, circular DNA profiling, and phylogeny indicates both local persistence of French ToLCNDV-ES and multiple independent introduction events. Signatures of positive selection were identified in French ToLCNDV-ES populations, whereas no clear evidence of recombination was found. Bayesian time-structured phylogenetic analyses suggest that introductions in France occurred between 2018 and 2021 from the major ToLCNDV-ES clade, while several Italian ToLCNDV-ES isolates diverged prior to the virus introduction in the Mediterranean basin. Overall, this study demonstrates the value of an optimized long-read sequencing approach for resolving circular DNA virus diversity, and sheds light on the complex evolutionary history of ToLCNDV-ES in the Mediterranean Basin, particularly in southeastern France.
The sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) greatly hinder alkaline water electrolysis. NiFe layered double hydroxide (NiFe LDH) is a promising OER pre-catalyst that anodically reconstructs into the active Ni(Fe)OOH species. However, slow surface reconstruction kinetics and Ni overoxidation toward the γ-Ni(Fe)OOH phase severely compromise activity and stability. Herein, we deposit amorphous ZnS onto NiFe LDH (denoted as ZS/LDH) as a sacrificial agent via plasma magnetron sputtering. During electrochemical activation, Lewis acidic Zn2+ effectively enriches OH-, thereby promoting the surface reconstruction of NiFe LDH. The S2- undergoes preferential oxidation to SO4 2-, consuming anodic charge and suppressing Ni overoxidation, directing the formation of a highly active and stable β-Ni(Fe)OOH phase. Activated ZS/LDH (A-ZS/LDH) exhibits enhanced lattice oxygen activity, achieving 207 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and 1200 h stability at 800 mA cm-2. In an anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer, the A-ZS/LDH-based cell requires only 2.05 V to reach 1000 mA cm-2 at 60 °C and operates stably for over 2000 h. Even under high-frequency start-stop cycles, it sustains at least 700 h without decay. This work provides a simple sacrificial agent strategy to steer NiFe LDH reconstruction toward the desirable β phase for durable industrial water electrolysis.
Mitochondrial transfer has emerged as a previously underappreciated mode of intercellular communication with major implications for tumor biology. Beyond their cell-autonomous roles in bioenergetics and signalling, mitochondria can be exchanged between cells as intact organelles or as mitochondrial cargo, thereby reshaping the metabolic state, stress tolerance and therapy responsiveness of recipient cells. In tumors, mitochondrial transfer can buffer oxidative stress, compensate for mtDNA damage and restore oxidative phosphorylation, enabling metabolic plasticity and contributing to immune dysfunction within the tumor microenvironment. This review synthesized current evidence for the structural routes and regulatory logic of mitochondrial exchange in cancer, spanning actin-based tunneling nanotubes, extracellular vesicle-mediated export and uptake, and other contact-dependent mechanisms. We highlight actionable "gatekeepers" that constrain transfer efficiency, including conduit biogenesis programs, MIRO1/2-TRAK-motor coupling that licenses mitochondrial trafficking, and EV biogenesis/uptake modules, as well as microenvironmental triggers such as hypoxia and redox stress. We also evaluate emerging methodological standards required to distinguish bona fide organelle transfer from dye leakage or indirect cargo exchange, and discuss how orthogonal validation (genetic reporters, mtDNA barcoding and functional rescue assays) can improve rigor and comparability across studies. By integrating current findings, this article aims to provide a theoretical foundation and strategic guidance for targeting tumor metabolic regulation and improving precision oncology approaches.
Targeted immunotherapies have transformed the treatment of relapsed and refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), yet their efficacy depends on sustained expression of lineage-associated surface antigens. This review examines how antigen-directed pressure reshapes the biology of resistance, distinguishes canonical antigen escape from lineage plasticity, and clarifies the genomic contexts, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic implications of these distinct escape routes. Under antigen-directed pressure, leukemia may escape through antigen downregulation, alternative splicing, acquired genetic alteration, or epitope disruption - mechanisms that generally preserve B-lineage identity and often remain addressable with alternative lineage-directed therapy. A biologically distinct route is lineage plasticity, in which cells destabilize lineage commitment or undergo overt lineage switch; clinical outcomes are poor, with a median overall survival of approximately 4.8 months in the largest reported series. Lineage switch is enriched within permissive genomic contexts, most notably KMT2A-rearranged leukemia, which accounted for the majority of B-ALL-to-acute myeloid leukemia or mixed-phenotype switches in a large international cohort. By contrast, CD19-negative antigen escape is more strongly associated with TP53 mutations and preserves B-lineage identity. Whether switching reflects selection of pre-existing subclones, active epigenetic reprogramming, or both remains unresolved. As antigen-directed therapies move into frontline use, distinguishing antigen escape from true lineage transformation is becoming essential for relapse surveillance, disease classification, therapeutic sequencing, and the design of strategies to prevent resistance.
The olfactory receptor (OR) genes constitute the molecular basis of fish olfaction, mediating survival behaviors and environmental adaptation while coevolving with habitat-driven evolution. Schizothorax, a cyprinid genus endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, exhibits remarkable dietary divergence and ploidy variation in response to plateau environmental changes, which presumably facilitates the adaptive evolution of OR genes. However, the evolutionary patterns of OR genes associated with trophic divergence and ploidy variation in this genus remain unclear. In this study, three species were selected: the herbivorous diploid S. macropogon, the carnivorous diploid S. lantsangensis, and the herbivorous tetraploid S. curvilabiatus. S. macropogon possessed 142 OR genes (92.25% functional), primarily located on chromosomes 14 and 24, with the fewest sequence clusters. Such compact gene repertoire and highly overlapping chromosomal clusters indicated specialization for a herbivorous olfactory niche. S. lantsangensis contained 127 OR genes (93.70% functional), concentrated on chromosomes 4 and 5, with fewer sequence clusters and a scattered distribution, reflecting evolution of OR genes under carnivorous feeding habits. The herbivorous tetraploid S. curvilabiatus exhibited striking features: 316 OR genes (94.30% functional), the most subfamilies, unique ε and κ OR subfamilies, and species-specific motifs. These characteristics revealed that ploidy, rather than herbivory, dominated OR gene evolution. In conclusion, dietary differentiation and ploidy variation together drove olfactory adaptive evolution in Schizothorax, providing new insights into vertebrate OR gene ecological adaptation.
Pyramided crops producing Cry and Vip3Aa toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) play a central role in managing lepidopteran pests in the United States, in part because the major corn and cotton pest Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidea) has evolved practical resistance to all lepidopteran-active Cry toxins produced in transgenic crops. Although several factors affect the evolution of resistance to pyramided crops, the implications of synergy between Cry and Vip3Aa toxins for managing resistance have rarely been considered. Here, we analyzed data from the literature and new data from diet-overlay bioassays of 2 related strains of H. zea susceptible (GA-RS) or resistant (GA-R13) to Cry1Ac and Vip3Aa to evaluate interactions between Cry and Vip3 toxins. Our analysis of 258 cases evaluating interactions between Cry and Vip3 toxins from 16 studies based on artificial-diet bioassays of 18 species of lepidopteran pests shows that synergy occurs more frequently (42.7%) than independent (34.7%) or antagonistic (22.6%) interactions. Our analysis of data from 4 studies of 4 species of lepidopteran pests shows that synergy between Cry1Ab and Vip3Aa typically occurs for pyramided Cry1Ab + Vip3Aa corn. The level of synergy between Cry1Ac and Vip3Aa in diet bioassays was similar for GA-RS and GA-R13, demonstrating that the evolution of resistance to these toxins did not affect synergy. We discuss how considering synergy between Cry and Vip3Aa toxins could improve the monitoring of Vip3Aa resistance in H. zea with sentinel plots and the development of more realistic models to forecast the evolution of resistance to pyramided Bt crops.
Intratumor heterogeneity poses a fundamental challenge across the cancer care continuum, from diagnosis to treatment resistance and metastasis. Over recent decades, multiregion and multiomic profiling of tissue, together with functional studies and longitudinal plasma sampling, have revealed the dynamic and multidimensional evolution of tumor ecosystems. This complexity spans genetic and non-genetic mechanisms within cancer cells and their microenvironment. In this Review, we synthesize the current understanding of heterogeneity and evolution and discuss how these insights can inform the development of evolution-aware diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Animal traits develop through intricate patterns of gene expression that are regulated at multiple levels. This regulation includes interactions between transcription factors and cis-regulatory element (CRE) DNA sequences, and the dynamic accessibility of CREs due to chromatin modifications and remodeling. Polycomb Group (PcG) and Trithorax Group (TrxG) genes are evolutionarily conserved regulators of chromatin state. Although the PcG and TrxG genes have well understood roles in developmental gene regulation, the extent to which these complexes contribute to trait evolution remains unclear. Here, we performed a genetic screen to understand how PcG and TrxG genes shape the rapidly evolving gene regulatory network (GRN) responsible for the dimorphic abdomen tergite pigmentation of Drosophila (D.) melanogaster fruit flies. A near-comprehensive screen of TrxG and PcG genes was conducted using RNAi, and numerous genes were identified whose reduced expression caused alterations to tergite pigmentation. For the eight most impactful genes, their roles in regulating this GRN were explored. We assessed their effects on several key transcription factors, and downstream CREs that are responsible for the expression of the GRN's pigmentation enzyme genes. We show that multiple members of the PcG and TrxG complexes are required for distinct tiers in the pigmentation GRN, suggesting potential points where responsive elements for different factors may have evolved. The results set the stage for future studies to identify the direct GRN targets of PcG and TrxG complexes, and how they have participated in the evolution of this GRN.
All languages have statistically coherent subsequences (e.g., words) whose frequency distribution follows a power law. These properties facilitate language learning in humans, making them good candidates for arising through cultural transmission as a way to help faithful transmission across generations. Recently, both properties were found in whale song, which is also culturally transmitted, leading to the strong prediction that they should be found wherever complex sequential signaling is culturally transmitted. Here, we use the same tools used to analyze human data and whale song to reveal that culturally transmitted Bengalese finch song also has statistically coherent subsequences whose distribution follows a power law. We additionally show that statistical coherence increases over development, but the power law is present throughout, suggesting that it reflects a fundamental principle of learned representations. Finding these parallels between evolutionarily distant species illustrates the importance of cultural transmission in shaping communication and suggests that core properties of language arise through convergent evolution.
The Ross procedure represents a promising alternative to conventional valve replacement techniques in young patients with aortic valve disease. Unlike mechanical or bioprosthetic substitutes, the pulmonary autograft retains living properties allowing growth and remodeling to systemic blood pressures. However, in aortic position, the mechanobiological adaptation processes of the pulmonary tissue can be unpredictable. Long-term failure of the Ross procedure is frequently associated with autograft dilation, inducing valve leakage and possible reoperation. The present work develops an image-based finite element pipeline to predict autograft growth and remodeling and its impact on leaflet closure. Realistic geometries are reconstructed from preoperative sheep MRI scans using automated scripts. Meshed autografts are combined with experimentally determined material properties to simulate the evolution of the pulmonary root under pulsatile systemic pressure conditions. The time-varying autograft diameter is then coupled with leaflet simulations to compute the regurgitant orifice area over time, a quantitative indicator of valve competence. Results demonstrate the ability of the model to reproduce in vivo autograft dilation in sheep, capturing both geometrical and biomechanical aspects. The predicted evolution of leaflet coaptation provides new insights into valve dysfunction after the Ross procedure. This framework has the potential to support surgical decision-making and optimize long-term outcomes by tailoring operative strategies to patient-specific physiology.
Driving risk is a dynamically evolving process arising from the coupled effects of traffic interactions, the road environment, and driving behavior. Existing traffic risk assessment methods largely rely on crash outcomes or localized surrogate safety measures, making it difficult to obtain a unified risk representation that is consistent with crash consequences across different driving states. This paper proposes a driving risk field modeling framework that incorporates constraints imposed by crash consequences. By integrating scenario-level risk factors with vehicle-specific risk characteristics, the proposed approach provides an instantaneous risk score for a given driving state and supports the identification and ranking of high-severity crash scenarios conditional on crash occurrence. To improve the interpretability and internal consistency of the model, this paper develops a parameter calibration method using real-world crash data and microscopic traffic flow simulation data. The key parameters of the risk field are then systematically optimized via a differential evolution algorithm. Experimental results show that the constructed kinetic field captures both distance decay and velocity amplification effects. The composite driving risk metric exhibits a stable unimodal distribution on the logarithmic scale. After data-driven calibration, the proposed Driving Risk Field model improved regression-error-related metrics and showed competitive capability in identifying and ranking high-severity crash samples compared with the XGBoost baseline. Meanwhile, the differences in risk-field distributions across weather conditions and road types indicate that the model can reflect the influence of different scenario factors on risk scores at the internal response level. The findings provide a unified and interpretable modeling paradigm for crash-consequence-calibrated high-risk scenario scoring, supporting risk-scenario screening and traffic safety analysis.
Research on early musical development has expanded beyond perceptual abilities to encompass movement, social interaction, and broader developmental processes. This Opinion article highlights three themes that illustrate this evolution: the relation between rhythm perception and movement, the role of music in caregiver-child interaction and social communication, and the developmental significance of active musical engagement. Through the lens of these themes, musical development appears as an embodied and socially embedded process in which perception, action, and social interaction are closely intertwined.
Chronic urticaria is a common mast-cell-driven inflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent wheals, angioedema, or both. Angioedema is associated with higher disease burden, impaired quality of life, and greater difficulty in clinical assessment, yet the overall research structure of chronic urticaria in the context of angioedema has not been systematically mapped. Publications were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection on July 14, 2026. English-language Articles and Reviews published between 1947 and 2026 were included after independent screening by two researchers, with disagreements resolved by a third researcher. Bibliometrix, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Scimago Graphica, and GraphPad Prism were used to analyze annual output, countries, institutions, authors, journals, co-cited references, and keyword evolution. A total of 881 publications were included. Annual output increased over time, with faster growth after 2014. The United States ranked first in productivity, Germany had the highest citation count and total link strength, and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin was the leading institution. The knowledge base was concentrated in mast cell biology, autoimmune mechanisms, anti-IgE therapy, and patient-reported outcomes. Keyword analysis showed a shift from early immune plausibility and idiopathic descriptions toward disease standardization, quality of life, and targeted therapy, including omalizumab and newer targeted treatments. Angioedema remained a high-frequency term and was repeatedly linked to disease burden, assessment, and treatment. The literature addressing both chronic urticaria and angioedema showed increasing emphasis on structured clinical assessment, mast-cell and autoimmune mechanisms, patient-reported outcomes, biomarker-oriented stratification, and targeted treatment. Future research should broaden international participation and evaluate clinically useful biomarkers and patient-centered outcomes across diverse populations.