Educational digital transformation has reshaped nursing education, intensifying information technology stress among nursing teachers and influencing classroom emotional climates, with implications for students' learning experiences and policy-level management. Despite its importance for teachers' well-being and teaching quality, the antecedents and mechanisms of emotional labor remain insufficiently understood. Guided by Conservation of Resources theory, this study examined a moderated mediation model linking techno-stress to emotional labor through classroom emotional climate and occupational embedding. A cross-sectional multi-center study. Twenty provincial-level administrative regions in China. A total of 706 nursing teachers. Data were collected using a General Information Questionnaire, the Nursing Teacher Emotional Labor Scale, the Teacher-Perceived Classroom Emotional Climate Questionnaire, the Teachers' Techno-Stress Scale, and the Occupational Embedding Scale. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0. Mediation and moderated mediation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS macro (models 4 and 14) with 5, 000 bootstrap samples. Emotional labor among nursing teachers was negatively correlated with occupational embedding (r = -0.330, p < 0.001) and classroom emotional climate (r = -0.433, p < 0.001), and positively correlated with techno-stress (r = 0.184, p < 0.001). Classroom emotional climate partially mediated the relationship between information technology stress and emotional labor (effect = 0.044, 95% CI = 0.020-0.067). Moreover, occupational embedding moderated the association between classroom emotional climate and emotional labor (B = 0.032, 95% CI = 0.014-0.049). Information technology stress influences emotional labor among nursing teachers both directly and indirectly through classroom emotional climate, and this indirect association varies across levels of occupational embedding. This moderated mediation model clarifies how techno-stress shapes emotional labor and highlights the importance of reducing techno-stress, fostering supportive classroom emotional climates, and strengthening organizational support during digital transformation in nursing education.
This paper examines the value of Oller-Vallejo's (2001) ego state model as a framework for understanding emotional dynamics in mental health nursing clinical supervision, and its integration with Proctor's (1986) model of supervision. Mental health nursing is characterised by high emotional demand, relational complexity and exposure to psychological distress. Clinical supervision is increasingly recognised as essential for supporting emotional well-being, professional development and safe practice. However, there remains a need for more psychologically informed frameworks to better understand the emotional processes occurring within supervisory relationships. This paper adopts a conceptual, theory-informed approach, drawing on published literature relating to ego state theory and clinical supervision models. A narrative synthesis is used to explore how these frameworks can be integrated to enhance understanding of emotional processes in supervision. The ego state concepts of caregiving, caregetting and individuating are used to explore emotional roles and relational dynamics within supervision. These are considered alongside Proctor's (1986) restorative, formative and normative functions of supervision. The integration of these models provides a structured way to understand emotional containment, dependency, autonomy and professional development within supervisory relationships in mental health nursing. The paper proposes that combining ego state theory with established supervision models offers a psychologically informed framework for enhancing clinical supervision. This has implications for supporting emotional resilience, improving reflective practice and strengthening workforce well-being and sustainability in mental health nursing.
No effort has still been made to integrate within a general model of emotions the relations between amygdala, fear (and other emotions) and the right hemisphere. This integration is the aim of this review that will start with the description of a model viewing emotions as a primitive adaptive system, alternative to the cognitive system. I will then analyze the main characteristics of the amygdala and of its subcortical pathway that allows to detect, with an urgency procedure, life-threatening stimuli, and to provide, with automatic and unconscious processing modalities, rough sensory data to the amygdala. Since this subcortical pathway is lateralized to the right hemisphere in humans, but not in animals, the reasons of this evolution will be discussed with reference to the "crowding model" , which assumes that brain lateralization may serve to avoid conflicts between systems (such as the emotional and the cognitive ones) competing at the decisional level. This model could explain the left lateralization of language and the consequent complex renovation of the working modalities of both hemispheres. Support to this model comes from the observation that the right hemisphere is characterized not only by a greater representation of emotions, but also by automatic and unconscious processing modalities typical of the emotional system, whereas the left hemisphere is characterized by language-mediated conscious and intentional functioning modalities.
Autistic youth exhibit wide variability in emotional and behavioral challenges, yet few studies have identified meaningful subgroups based on these profiles. This study applied a random forests ensemble clustering algorithm to item-level parent-report data from the Emotion Dysregulation Inventory (EDI) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) in a combined sample of 1311 autistic youth (ages 6-17), drawn from the Autism Inpatient Collection (n = 446) and the Interactive Autism Network (n = 865). Four distinct subgroups emerged: Global High (GH; 22%), characterized by elevated scores across all four subscales (EDI-Reactivity, EDI-Dysphoria, CBCL Internalizing, and CBCL Externalizing); High-Reactivity Dominant (H-RD; 41%), marked primarily by high emotional reactivity; Moderate-Internalizing Dominant (M-ID; 18%), with elevated internalizing scores; and Global Low (GL; 19%), showing uniformly low scores. Feature importance analyses identified EDI-Reactivity and CBCL Aggression items as the strongest drivers of subgroup membership. No significant differences were found across subgroups in age, sex, race, or ethnicity. However, subgroups with greater emotional and behavioral challenges were associated with lower household income, single-parent status, and higher rates of family psychiatric history. These findings suggest that emotional reactivity and aggression severity are key differentiating features among autistic youth, and that sociodemographic and family mental health factors meaningfully shape emotional and behavioral outcomes.
Theory highlights the role of emotion regulation (ER) and impulsivity in the development and maintenance of eating disorders. Although the associations between negative ER, impulsivity features, and eating disorder symptoms are well-documented, the role of positively-valanced ER difficulties remain unclear. To address this gap, we adopted a transbehavioral approach to examine how valence-specific urgency and emotion regulation difficulties individually and interactively relate to disordered eating behaviors. Our sample consisted of 181 college students with heterogeneous symptom severity presentations. Participants completed self-report measures for (1) negative and positive ER difficulties, (2) negative and positive urgency, and (3) eating disorder behaviors. Positive ER difficulties were positively associated with binge eating and fasting frequency at low levels of positive urgency. Additionally, negative ER difficulties were significantly associated with purging frequency at both low and high levels of negative urgency, but a stronger positive association was observed when negative urgency was low. Furthermore, negative ER difficulties were significantly associated with binge eating frequency at low levels of negative urgency. Contrary to our hypotheses, disordered eating behaviors were more strongly associated with emotion regulation difficulties at lower levels of urgency. These findings suggest that emotion regulation difficulties may represent a distinct pathway to disordered eating beyond urgency-related risk and highlight the importance of considering both emotion regulation and urgency in understanding eating disorder symptomatology.
Social cognition, particularly emotion recognition, can be impaired in neurological disorders involving brain damage and neurocognitive deficits. However, it remains unclear whether distinctive profiles of social versus general cognitive impairments exist across neurological patient groups: moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (mod-sevTBI), acute ischaemic stroke (AIS), aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH), frontal low-grade glioma (LGG), advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), and behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Data were obtained from scientific studies and clinical records in four Dutch research centres. Neuropsychological testing included emotion recognition [Eckman 60-Faces test (EFT): total score and subscores], memory [Dutch Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (DRAVLT): encoding and retrieval], information processing speed, and cognitive control (Trail Making Test A and B). Scores were transformed into Z-scores using normative data and compared across groups. Included were 710 patients: 118 mod-sevTBI, 93 AIS, 121 aSAH, 100 LGG, 147 PD, 131 bvFTD. EFT-total was impaired in all groups (p < .001), with significant group differences (F(5,704) = 30.8, p < .001). Emotion recognition was the most severely affected domain in bvFTD, mod-sevTBI, AIS, and LGG. Only bvFTD and mod-sevTBI showed impairments in specific emotions, mainly sadness and fear. MANOVA showed overall group differences in general cognition (Wilks' Lambda = .69, p < .001). Memory encoding was impaired in all groups, but retrieval in none. Information processing speed and cognitive control were impaired only in bvFTD, mod-sevTBI, AIS, and PD. Emotion recognition is significantly affected across six neurological patient groups, with distinct profiles relative to general cognition. These findings support tailored neuropsychological assessment in clinical practice.
This theoretical review explores the intricate dynamics of emotional regulation within social interactions, specifically focusing on aversive contexts where social threats necessitate regulatory intervention. Drawing on the Dual-Process Model and Pessoa's integrative neurobiological framework, the article examines how the brain negotiates between the "impulsive system" and the "reflective system." While classical literature promotes affect labeling as an effective implicit regulator that dampens physiological arousal, recent findings suggest a potential paradoxical effect: emotional crystallization. It is hypothesized that this process can transform fluid emotional experiences into rigid categories, potentially increasing cognitive load and hindering social flexibility. By integrating Bourdieu's Habitus with neuro-sociological insights, the review proposes a shift toward "Plural Rationality." It concludes that successful social regulation may require maintaining "cognitive fluidity" rather than mere linguistic categorization, ensuring that rationalization serves as a tool for cooperation rather than a shackle that fossilizes emotional responses.
Sleep deprivation (SD) is a major risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders and is known to induce comorbid emotional and cognitive impairments; however, the temporal dynamics and underlying mechanistic pathways remain poorly defined. Here, we established a standardized rotating rod-based SD model using male ICR mice (4-6 weeks old) to systematically investigate the effects of different SD durations. (1, 2, 3, or 7 days) on emotional and cognitive functions and the potential involvement of ferroptosis-related mechanisms. Emotional and cognitive functions were evaluated using a battery of behavioral tests. Hippocampal morphology was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, while hippocampal ferrous iron content, systemic oxidative stress markers including total antioxidant capacity, glutathione, and malondialdehyde, together with ferroptosis-related protein expression were quantified. Our study demonstrated that 1-day SD induced anxiety-like behaviors and a stress-induced hyperactive state, accompanied by mild cognitive deficits. In contrast, prolonged SD (3- and 7-day SD) progressively promoted depressive-like behaviors accompanied by worsening cognitive deficits. Histological analysis revealed duration-dependent neuronal loss and structural damage in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions. Biochemical analyses revealed duration-dependent alterations in hippocampal Fe2+ levels, with marked lipid peroxidation dysregulation emerging after 7-day SD. Western blotting analysis indicated that 7-day SD markedly disrupted hippocampal ferroptosis-related SIRT1/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathways. In conclusion, SD induce duration-dependent comorbid emotional and cognitive dysfunction, accompanied by hippocampal injury and ferroptosis-related alterations. These findings provide preliminary evidence for a potential link between SD-induced neurobehavioral impairments and ferroptosis-related changes, warranting further mechanistic investigation.
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To identify latent profiles of change fatigue among nurses in Southwestern China and explore factors associated with distinct profiles. Healthcare resources in Southwestern China are unevenly distributed, and the region features considerable ethnic diversity. Against the backdrop of ongoing reforms in the healthcare system, nurses-as frontline implementers-are constantly exposed to intensive and frequent updates in policies, technologies, and workflows, making them susceptible to change fatigue. This sustained exposure precipitates "change fatigue," a syndrome that erodes psychological resilience and professional identity, and is prospectively linked to heightened turnover intention, measurable deterioration in nursing quality and an increased incidence of patient-safety events. From July to September 2025, we recruited nurses from various tiers and types of medical institutions across Southwestern China. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Change-Related Stress Scale, the Grandey Emotional Labor Strategy Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Chinese Nurse Job Stressors Scale. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to identify subgroups of change fatigue. Univariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression with Firth's penalized likelihood estimation were used to examine factors associated with profile membership. A total of 1383 valid questionnaires were included. LPA revealed three distinct profiles of change fatigue: low fatigue (17.5%, n = 242), moderate fatigue (61.6%, n = 852), and high fatigue (20.9%, n = 289). Multinomial logistic regression showed that nurses in the high fatigue group were significantly more likely to work in the intensive care unit (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.40-3.85, p = 0.001) and internal medicine (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.26-3.61, p = 0.005). Working 1-2 night shifts per week increased odds of high fatigue by 53% (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.03-2.27, p = 0.034). Compared with minimal emotional labor (Level 1, 14-30 points), both moderate (Level 2, 31-50 points: OR = 0.14, p = 0.030) and high (Level 3, 51-70 points: OR = 0.09, p = 0.010) emotional labor levels were associated with significantly lower odds of high fatigue, suggesting that deficient emotional labor engagement may represent a risk configuration. Work stress Level 3 increased odds of high fatigue 33-fold (OR = 32.71, 95% CI: 13.27-103.37, p < 0.001). Psychological resilience showed no independent significant association with profile membership in multivariate models. Change fatigue exhibits a heterogeneous tripartite structure. Minimal emotional labor engagement (Level 1) was associated with higher odds of high fatigue compared with moderate and high levels, suggesting that deficient emotional labor may represent a distinct risk configuration. Both modifiable workplace factors (ICU/internal medicine placement, night shifts, and job stress) and emotional labor patterns were associated with profile membership, supporting the potential value of organizational interventions and targeted emotional labor training. These findings provide an evidence-based foundation for precision prevention. Nursing leaders should integrate the six-item Change Fatigue Measurement Scale into routine occupational health surveillance to enable profile-based risk stratification. High-fatigue nurses (20.9%) require immediate workload relief and mental health referral; moderate-fatigue nurses (61.6%) represent a critical prevention window for resilience training and peer support; low-fatigue nurses (17.5%) should serve as peer mentors and change champions. Priority interventions should target ICU and internal medicine units given the 2- to 2.3-fold increased high-fatigue risk. Leaders should limit consecutive night duties to ≤ 2 shifts, ensure ≥ 11 h rest between shifts, and enforce weekly overtime caps (≤ 8 h). Differentiated emotional labor training is essential: Nurses with minimal engagement need professional identity strengthening and authentic expression workshops, while those with excessive engagement require boundary-setting training and mindfulness-based stress reduction. Resilience-building interventions must be embedded within organizational support initiatives rather than implemented as standalone programs. In ethnically diverse, resource-constrained contexts, culturally tailored change communications and phased implementation timelines are critical to avoid "reform stacking."
Our study aimed to develop and validate the Maladaptive Eating Behavior Questionnaire after Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (MEBQMBS). Based on the conceptual framework of maladaptive eating behavior after metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), literature review, focus group discussion, and a pilot study, the initial questionnaire was developed. The questionnaire was administered to 457 patients who had undergone MBS at a tertiary hospital in Jiangsu Province, China. Its validity and reliability were evaluated using psychometric analyses. The initial questionnaire comprised 90 items. After stepwise removal of items with inadequate factor loadings, 53 items were retained, accounting for 69.54% of the total variance. The final MEBQMBS comprised 8 factors, including emotional eating (negative emotion and positive emotion subdomains), grazing behavior, food craving (positive outcome expectancy, emotional craving, and preoccupation with food subdomains), and uncontrolled eating (cognition and behavior subdomains). Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated acceptable model fit; the indices of χ2/df, goodness-of-fit index, normed fit index, incremental fit index, Tucker-Lewis index, confirmatory fit index, and root mean-square error of approximation were 1.868, 0.804, 0.884, 0.943, 0.934, 0.942, and 0.050. The item-level content validity index ranged from 0.86 to 1.00, and the scale-level content validity index with universal agreement was 0.91. The correlation between the score of MEBQMBS and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R21 (r = 0.59, P < 0.01), Self-Rating Depression Scale (r = 0.30, P < 0.01), and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (r = 0.36, P < 0.01). MEBQMBS explained significant additional variance in percentage of excess weight loss after MBS beyond the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R21 (ΔR2 = 0.013, P = 0.039), and was significantly negatively associated with the percentage of excess weight loss (β=-0.154, P = 0.039). The McDonald's ω coefficient and Guttman's split-half coefficient of MEBQMBS were 0.97 and 0.79. MEBQMBS demonstrated excellent internal consistency and good construct validity in patients following MBS. It provides a comprehensive, population-specific tool for describing and characterizing maladaptive eating behaviors following MBS in China, with potential value for clinical assessment. This study firstly developed and validated the Maladaptive Eating Behavior Questionnaire after Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (MEBQMBS). The final 53-item MEBQMBS comprises 8 factors across 4 core dimensions: emotional eating, grazing behavior, food craving, and uncontrolled eating. MEBQMBS is a valid and reliable tool that supports detailed behavioral assessment and phenotyping of maladaptive eating behaviors after MBS, facilitating timely and tailored interventions.
Taipei Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan experiences significantly high turnover rates among its workforce of approximately 3,300 nurses. This study, conducted as a component of a talent revitalization strategy, was designed to investigate the impact of a mandatory two-year job rotation system on turnover intention, job stress, and emotional well-being among nurses at a major medical center in Taiwan. A cross-sectional design was used on a convenience sample of 246 nurses. Factors measured included job stress, job satisfaction, stress levels, emotional resilience, and turnover intention. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and affect valuation theory (AVT) were employed to assess the relationships between variables. The findings showed that, while job rotation promoted professional versatility, it also introduced significant psychological stressors that may increase turnover risk. In detail, a gap was identified between the actual emotional responses of nurses and their ideal affective states that highlights a need for better emotional support systems and flexible rotation policies. The results of this research indicate a need to enhance career development opportunities, introduce voluntary rotation options, and implement comprehensive training and mentorship programs to better align the current rotation system with individual career goals.
The advent of streaming platforms and multiplicity of watching devices has transformed audiovisual consumption, popularizing the practice of binge-watching. Problematic binge-watching can be associated to negative consequences. Previous studies have highlighted heterogeneity among individuals who engage in binge-watching, with some exhibiting psychological vulnerabilities and others exhibiting different watching motivations. This study aimed to (i) identify different typologies of TV series watchers based on their viewing behaviors and related motives and (ii) explore the psychopathological features specifically associated with each profile. Data were collected via an international online survey. This study is based on answers of 1421 French students, assessing TV series watching related motives, engagement in binge-watching and characteristics of problematic binge-watching, and psychological variables. A latent class analysis was used to classify participants into clusters based on their viewing patterns and motivations. Clusters were then compared using sociodemographic and psychological measures. Three distinct clusters were identified: Single-device TV series watchers (probability of belonging: 59%), who engage in moderate viewing with minimal psychopathological impact; Multiple-device TV series watchers (26%), who are younger participants using diverse devices, with moderate emotional-oriented motivations and limited negative outcomes; and Escapist binge-watchers (15%), characterized by high emotional enhancement and escapism motivations, and marked psychological distress. The latter group also reported greater loss of control and dependency. This study underscores the importance of differentiating viewing patterns to identify at-risk individuals. A subset demonstrates clinically relevant issues linked to psychological vulnerabilities and maladaptive coping strategies. Escapism motivations may serve as preliminary markers of problematic binge-watching.
This study aimed to identify latent classes of postoperative symptoms in patients with gynecological malignancies and analyze the complex relationship between different symptom categories and quality of life (QoL). A convenience sample of 385 postoperative patients with gynecological malignancies was surveyed using a general information questionnaire, the Chinese version of the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory for Gynecological Cancer, and a QoL scale. Symptoms with an incidence >20% were subjected to latent profile analysis to identify symptom subgroups. Network analysis was used to construct symptom- QoL networks for each subgroup. Patients were categorized into a low symptom burden group (67.5%) and a moderate-to-high symptom burden group (32.5%). Age, preoperative chemotherapy, and cancer type were factors significantly associated with symptom burden. In the low burden group, physical symptoms were core features, with emotional status serving as bridge symptom. The moderate-to-high burden group exhibited a clearer "psychological-somatic" comorbidity pattern, with physical status acting as a bridge symptom. Significant heterogeneity exists in early postoperative symptoms (assessed on postoperative day 3) among gynecological malignancy patients. Interventions for the low symptom burden group should focus on physical symptoms, while emotional regulation is central to symptom management in the moderate-to-high burden group. Tailored symptom management strategies based on subgroup characteristics may help improve patients' QoL during the acute recovery period.
This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Barcelona Bipolar Eating Disorder Scale (BEDS), which can facilitate screening for comorbid eating disorders (EDs) in bipolar disorder (BD) patients. A total of 100 BD patients and 129 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the study conducted at Ankara Etlik City Hospital Psychiatry Clinic. These patients were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5). Sociodemographic forms, the Turkish version of the BEDS, the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh (BITE), and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) were used to assess validity and reliability. No statistically significant differences were found between the patient and control groups regarding the BITE and BEDS total scores. For the DEBQ, no significant group differences were observed in the total, restrained eating, or external eating scores, whereas the healthy control group had higher emotional eating scores. The correlation coefficient between each item and the total score ranged from 0.313 to 0.644. Cronbach's alpha for the scale was 0.821. The removal of any items from the original scale did not lead to an improvement in Cronbach's alpha. The BEDS score was found to be significantly correlated with the BITE score, DEBQ total score, emotional eating score, and external eating score (p < 0.001). There was no correlation between the BEDS score and the DEBQ restrictive eating subscale, YMRS, BPRS, or HAM-D scale scores. The Turkish version of the BEDS is a valid and reliable scale that can be used as an assessment tool in the evaluation of eating disorders in the Turkish BD population. People with bipolar disorder often experience changes in mood, which can also affect their eating habits. Some may develop unhealthy eating behaviors, such as overeating or irregular eating patterns. However, these problems are not always easily recognized in clinical settings. In this study, we examined whether the Turkish version of the Barcelona Bipolar Eating Disorder Scale (BEDS) is a reliable and valid tool for identifying eating-related problems in individuals with bipolar disorder. We compared patients with bipolar disorder to healthy individuals and analyzed how the scale performed. Our findings showed that the Turkish version of the scale is reliable and can be used to assess eating-related difficulties in bipolar patients. This tool may help clinicians detect these problems earlier and provide more appropriate treatment.
Emergency nursing involves rapid decision-making, undifferentiated patient presentations, and limited opportunity for follow-up, often leaving patient and family outcomes unknown. Although outcome ambiguity has been linked to occupational distress, its nature and impact remain poorly understood. Existing knowledge is largely inferred from broader research on burnout and secondary trauma, leaving a gap in understanding how 'not knowing' shapes the professional and personal lives of emergency nurses. This study aimed to explore the frequency, scope, and impact of ambiguity relating to patient and/or significant others' clinical, personal, and social outcomes, and to identify strategies used by emergency nurses to mitigate its effects. A 17-item online survey was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics and reflexive thematic analysis of free-text responses. Almost all participants (99%) reported experiencing outcome ambiguity, most related to whether a patient survived or died. Negative impacts were reported on professional practice (74.8%) and personal life (84.9%). Three themes describing ambiguity salience were identified in free-text data: the impact of extreme events, the vulnerability of paediatric patients, and impacts on the clinician self. Outcome ambiguity is pervasive in emergency nursing and affects both professional practice and personal wellbeing. Rare but extreme cases carry disproportionate emotional weight, highlighting the inseparability of clinical, emotional, and ethical dimensions of emergency nursing. Addressing ambiguity is critical to supporting emergency nurses' wellbeing.
The etiology of pediatric psychiatric disorders is complex, involving intergenerational influences and a child's own developmental health. We aimed to investigate the potential effects of genetically predicted childhood traits (childhood obesity, absence epilepsy, intelligence) and parental health traits (longevity, Alzheimer disease, severe depression) on the risk of several childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders. We employed a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design using summary statistics from large-scale genome-wide association studies. Data for parental health exposures were primarily from the UK Biobank. Data for childhood trait exposures were from various consortia. Data for outcomes - conduct disorder, mixed conduct and emotional disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and broader behavioral/emotional and social disorders - were sourced from FinnGen and the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, among others. We used the inverse-variance weighted method for the primary analysis, with MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode as additional analyses. To test the robustness of the results, we conducted sensitivity analyses using MR-Egger regression, Cochran Q test for heterogeneity, the MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test, and a leave-one-out analysis. Genetic liability for childhood obesity was associated with an increased risk of ASD (odds ratio = 1.06, P = .016) and ADHD (odds ratio = 1.09, P = .026), even though these associations did not withstand multiple testing correction. No other robust, statistically significant causal associations were identified. Sensitivity analyses showed limited evidence of bias from horizontal pleiotropy for the main findings. Our findings provide MR evidence supporting potential links from genetic liability for childhood obesity to increased risks of ASD and ADHD. These results highlight the importance of considering a child's early-life health trajectory in the etiology of pediatric psychiatric disorders.
Although visual impairment (VI) is known to affect children's development, there is limited evidence on how VI influences health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among children in Ghana. This study aimed to assess the relationship between childhood VI and HRQoL. A cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged 2 to 18 years in selected districts of the Ashanti Region, Ghana. Comprehensive ocular assessments including visual acuity (VA), refraction, and anterior and posterior segment evaluations were performed. Health-related quality of life was measured using the PedsQL 4.0 across physical, emotional, social, and school functioning domains. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent-sample t-tests, and linear regression. A total of 581 children participated (mean ± SD age: 8.64 ± 4.00 years), with females representing 53.0% of the sample. Both child-reported and parent-reported scores showed significantly reduced HRQoL among children with VI across all PedsQL domains compared with children without VI, with school (p < 0.001) and emotional (p = 0.005) functions of child-reported showing statistical significance. Presenting VI was a significant predictor of poor overall HRQoL in both simple (β= -10.351, p < 0.001) and multiple linear regression models (β= -5.650, p = 0.016). No significant associations (p > 0.05) were found between HRQoL and sociodemographic variables, including sex, age, ethnicity, work status, and health insurance. Childhood VI is associated with substantial reductions in multiple dimensions of HRQoL. These findings underscore the need to strengthen early detection, clinical management, and school-based vision support services to improve pediatric eye care in Ghana.
Women referred for cervical screening because of abnormal cervical smears also require emotional and psychological support because of the fear of cancer diagnosis. The study aimed to determine the effect of the Mindfulness-Based Coping programme on levels of cancer fear and awareness in women undergoing colposcopy. This is a prospective, single-centre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. Research data was collected at a university hospital in Turkey between January 2022 and July 2023. The study revealed significant findings. The mean cancer worry score of women in the intervention group decreased significantly compared to the control group, the mean discrimination sub-dimension score was significantly higher than the control group, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < .001). Mean scores for acceptance were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (P < .001). This study found that the Mindfulness-Based Coping Programme, a nursing initiative, effectively reduces cancer-related anxiety in women and recommends its wider integration into clinical practice by healthcare professionals. The integration of the Mindfulness-Based Coping Programme (MBCP) into standard colposcopy care is effective in reducing cancer-related anxiety and improving emotional well-being, thus promoting a more holistic approach to patient care.
Bipolar Disorder (BD) is characterized by severe emotional instability. While traditionally viewed through the lens of anatomical dysconnectivity, it remains unclear how the brain's anatomical scaffold abnormally constrains its functional dynamics to produce such volatile mood states. We investigated the multi-modal connectome in 41 BD patients and 40 healthy controls (N=81). A high-fidelity pipeline was employed to robustly reconstruct structural networks. We then applied Graph Signal Processing (GSP) and functional gradient analysis to resting-state fMRI data to quantify structure-function alignment and hierarchical network dynamics. Network-based statistics revealed no NBS-detected macroscale structural disruptions in BD. However, GSP analysis uncovered a profound pathological shift toward "functional rigidity". BD patients exhibited significantly elevated structure-function alignment (hyper-coupling), indicating that functional dynamics are excessively restricted by the underlying anatomical backbone. Furthermore, a multimodal connectomic model demonstrated good performance in distinguishing BD from healthy controls at the individual level (accuracy=74.1%, AUC=0.888, sensitivity=70.7%, specificity=77.5%, permutation p=0.001). SHAP analysis localized the dominant predictors to the prefrontal-limbic emotion-regulation circuit. BD is characterized by profound "functional rigidity" rather than sheer anatomical degradation. This excessive structure-function tethering may constitute a candidate inter-episode connectomic signature with preliminary individual-level discrimination potential, offering new insights into the connectomic basis of inter-episode functional dysregulation in BD and motivating prospective validation in independent longitudinal cohorts.