The standard treatment modality for high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), the most common and aggressive subtype of ovarian cancer, consists of surgery followed by chemotherapy, which is associated with major challenges including off-target effects and therapy resistance. Ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic regulated cell death program, has gained recent interest for its potential to effectively eliminate therapy-resistant cells. Leveraging ferroptosis, we report the development of an intrinsically therapeutic lipid-based nanoparticle platform through the incorporation of bioactive polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing vinyl ether-linked phospholipids, known as plasmalogens, into liposomes that encapsulate ferroptosis inducer RSL3 to effectively eliminate human OVCAR8 ovarian cancer cells. These bioactive lipids were chosen due to their ability to sensitize the cells toward ferroptosis, thus imparting on the nanocarriers a therapeutic role beyond their function as a delivery vehicle. The developed nanoparticle platform showed enhanced therapeutic efficacy compared to free RSL3 in OVCAR8 cells. In addition, by surface modification with hyaluronic acid (HA) through electrostatic layer-by-layer deposition, we further improved the therapeutic efficacy of the platform by increasing nanocarrier uptake in OVCAR8 cells. Further, we showed that the use of plasmalogen-containing nanocarriers for synergistic ferroptosis induction could be extended to nucleic acid cargo delivery via lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Plasmalogen-containing LNPs that encapsulated small interfering RNA (siRNA) designed to downregulate expression of the gene responsible for ferroptotic evasion showed improved cancer cell cytotoxicity compared to the control LNPs without any plasmalogens. Overall, this integrated approach presents a novel strategy to tackle ovarian cancer, with the possibility of translation into an effective treatment approach for ovarian cancer patients who are not responsive to standard treatment modalities.
Disease relapse remains the leading cause of failure following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). As novel prophylactic strategies increasingly aim to universally eliminate all forms of graft‑versus‑host disease (GVHD), how these approaches may inadvertently sacrifice graft‑versus‑leukemia (GVL) activity in the post‑transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) era is unclear. To evaluate the associations between time‑updated GVHD phenotypes and clinical outcomes, including relapse, non‑relapse mortality (NRM), and overall survival (OS), in patients undergoing PTCy‑based haploidentical or mismatched unrelated donor (MMUD) HCT. This was a retrospective cohort study using the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research registry. Participants included 7,055 patients with hematologic malignancies who received a first haploidentical or MMUD HCT with PTCy from 2013-2021. Associations with relapse, NRM and OS were evaluated using multi‑state time‑dependent Cox proportional hazards models and a multi‑state random survival forest (MS‑RSF). Time‑updated acute and chronic GVHD phenotypes included isolated grade II acute GVHD (aGVHD), grade III-IV aGVHD, mild chronic GVHD (cGVHD), and immunosuppressive therapy-requiring (IST‑requiring) cGVHD. IST‑requiring cGVHD without antecedent aGVHD was associated with a lower modeled relapse hazard compared with remaining GVHD‑free (Hazard Ratio [HR], 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-0.89; False Discovery Rate (FDR)-adjusted p (q)=0.006) and lower overall mortality (HR 0.62; 95% CI, 0.53-0.73; q < 0.001). In contrast, grade III-IV aGVHD was associated with significantly higher modeled NRM (HR, 3.15; 95% CI, 2.57-3.84; q < 0.001). Mild cGVHD and isolated grade II aGVHD showed intermediate patterns without consistent associations. These associations were directionally consistent across multiple analytic approaches, including standard time‑dependent Cox regression, dynamic and fixed landmark analyses, and MS‑RSF. In this large PTCy‑treated mismatched donor cohort, IST‑requiring cGVHD was the GVHD phenotype most consistently associated with lower relapse incidence, whereas severe aGVHD was associated with higher NRM. These findings highlight heterogeneity in GVHD phenotypes and suggest that strategies distinguishing toxic acute GVHD from chronic alloreactivity patterns may better balance morbidity and long‑term disease control. Given that relapse remains the predominant cause of post‑transplant mortality, approaches aiming to universally eliminate all GVHD warrant careful reconsideration.
Recombinant measles virus (rMeV) vectors are promising platforms for vaccine development against emerging infectious diseases due to their safety, stability, and potent immunogenicity. However, conventional rMeV rescue systems frequently exhibit low efficiency, thereby constraining their scalability and throughput. In this study, we developed a modular, helper-virus-free and high-efficiency rescue platform based on an orthogonal transcription system utilizing orthogonal promoters and engineered RNA polymerases fused to an mRNA capping enzyme. This innovative system facilitated robust cytoplasmic manufacture of both genomic and auxiliary components, eliminating the need for helper virus co-infection (such as modified vaccinia virus) and enhancing rescue efficiency by more than 50-fold relative to traditional rescue approaches. Utilizing this technology, we demonstrated the versatility of the platform by successfully generating six rMeV-based vaccine antigen candidates from influenza virus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Brucella spp. All rescued vaccine candidates exhibited stable transgene expression, sustained replication, and strong antigen production. Immunization studies in golden Syrian hamsters verified that the vaccine candidates elicited high titers of neutralizing and antigen-specific antibodies without any observable adverse effects. These results demonstrate that our orthogonal transcription-based platform facilitates the efficient and safe production of rMeV vectors and provides a proof-of-concept methodological framework for the rapid development of vaccine candidates.
Agricultural systems are major sources of methane emissions, contributing to climate change with potential downstream effects on population health. West Africa faces a growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) alongside agricultural intensification, yet the relationship between agricultural emissions and NCD mortality remains unexplored. We examined whether changes in agricultural methane emissions were associated with NCD mortality trends across West African countries. We conducted an ecological panel study of 11 West African countries from 2015 to 2020 using World Bank World Development Indicators data. The exposure was agricultural methane emissions, measured in carbon dioxide equivalents (Mt CO₂e). The primary outcome was the probability (%) of dying from NCDs between exact ages 30 and 70 for both sexes combined; sex-stratified outcomes for women and men were examined as secondary analyses. We classified countries by emission trajectory: decreasing (> 5% reduction), stable, or increasing (> 10% increase). For each outcome we estimated associations using pooled ordinary least squares, within-country fixed effects, mixed effects models with random intercepts, and a descriptive group-by-period comparison of NCD mortality trajectories between The Gambia (largest emission reduction: -28.3%) and other countries. Sensitivity analyses assessed robustness to influential observations, functional form, and temporal specification. For both sexes combined, pooled analysis suggested an inverse cross-sectional association between agricultural methane and NCD mortality (β = -0.085; 95% CI: -0.126 to -0.043; p < 0.001). However, within-country fixed effects models showed no association (β = 0.027; 95% CI: -0.081 to 0.134; p = 0.62), indicating confounding by time-invariant country characteristics. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.984, indicating 98.4% of variance occurred between countries. A descriptive group-by-period comparison found no differential change for The Gambia versus other countries (0.62 percentage points; 95% CI: -0.78 to 2.03; p = 0.39). Sex-stratified analyses were consistent: the pooled inverse association was present for both women (β = -0.077; p = 0.001) and men (β = -0.096; p = 0.004) but was eliminated under fixed effects (women p = 0.27; men p = 0.88), and excluding Nigeria reversed the pooled association (both sexes β =  + 0.091, p = 0.014), confirming it was driven by a single influential country. Agricultural methane emission reductions were not associated with short-term changes in NCD mortality in West Africa. The high between-country clustering suggests that stable country-level factors including health system capacity, socioeconomic development, and baseline disease burden are more strongly associated with NCD mortality patterns. Longer follow-up periods and individual-level studies are needed to evaluate potential health co-benefits of agricultural emission reductions.
An ultrasonic effective reflection coefficient method is proposed for measuring the lubrication film thickness at the elliptical contact region. The effect of the acoustic main lobe with a larger radius is analyzed, where the superposition of the discretized reflection coefficient at both the contact region and non-contact region is considered. The coupling influences of the lubrication film shape at the non-contact region, the contact pressure distribution at the contact region and the incident acoustic pressure field on the reflection coefficient are eliminated. The proposed measurement method is validated via both simulations and experiments. The results show at small elliptical contact regions, the central film thickness in the range of 0.5 μm-5 μm can be identified accurately with the maximum measurement error of 15.9%.
Targeted protein degradation is an emerging concept of drug discovery to selectively eliminate the pathogenic proteins by activating their degradation in cells. The proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are bifunctional small molecules that induce the degradation of a protein of interest (POI) by proteasome. Here we describe a method that utilizes an ssrA-based BacPROTAC (bacterial PROTACs) to target the drug-resistant proteins CTX-M-14, a class A β-lactamase commonly found in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) plasmids of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacteria. This strategy could resensitize the drug-resistant bacteria and revive previously disregarded antibiotics, opens up a new avenue for therapeutic development of AMR bacteria.
The precise mechanistic role of Interleukin-13 receptor alpha-2 (IL-13Rα2) in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains elusive, specifically regarding whether it functions as an active signaling receptor or a passive decoy. Its unique role in metastatic phenotypic plasticity remains poorly understood. We identified IL-13Rα2 as a powerful oncogenic signaling hub that significantly increases CRC cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation using shRNA knockdown and CRISPR activation to modify IL-13Rα2 across a range of CRC cell lines with different baseline characteristics. Most importantly, we found that its regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is highly context-dependent. IL-13Rα2 controls the mesenchymal phenotype in highly plastic cells in a partial-EMT (p-EMT) stage (such as SW-480 and SW-620). Its removal completely reverses EMT and collapses core plasticity-driving nodes, such as AGR2 and p63. On the other hand, IL-13Rα2 precisely functions as a phenotypic amplifier limited by the cellular epigenetic landscape in strictly epithelial cells (such as HT-29), where it controls cellular survival but does not initiate EMT. The STAT6 signaling cascade is monopolized by IL-13Rα2. Targeted downregulation eliminates IL-13-induced STAT6 phosphorylation, which in turn causes severe cell cycle dysregulation marked by a delayed G1/S transition and intra-S phase arrest. In conclusion, our research demonstrates that IL-13Rα2 is a crucial, context-dependent signaling receptor that maintains the p-EMT state and malignant progression via the STAT6 axis, making it a precise therapeutic target for advanced, phenotypically plastic colorectal cancer.
High-resolution manometry (HRM), the gold standard for diagnosing esophageal motility disorders, remains constrained by inter-rater variability, limited access to expert esophagologists, and inadequate training infrastructure. Many gastroenterology fellowship programs provide insufficient motility training, and dedicated expert centers remain geographically concentrated. Emerging Artificial intelligence (AI) tools have the potential to automate diagnosis, and augment clinician interpretive capacity and democratizing expert-level motility assessment. Twenty-two studies encompassing over 5,000 patients were synthesized across three overlapping developmental phases: early machine learning for feature extraction and classification; deep learning deployed toward automated pattern recognition and motility classification and emerging multimodal and large language model-based frameworks augmenting clinical interpretation and decision-making, with diagnostic accuracies ranging from 71 to 97%. AI integration of multimodal manometric data may reveal pressure signatures imperceptible to human visual inspection, pointing toward phenotypes beyond the Chicago Classification. No study has yet demonstrated improved patient outcomes. AI's role in motility training remains largely unexplored. The AI-clinician partnership represents the most promising trajectory for esophageal manometry interpretation in coming years. AI-augmented interpretation has the potential to eliminate the two-tier diagnostic gap between academic and community practice, to accelerate trainee competency through scalable AI-supervised case libraries, and to uncover physiologic phenotypes beyond human interpretation.
Understanding dissipation in topological insulators is key to both fundamental physics and applications in spintronics, quantum computing, and low-power devices. Contrary to conventional expectations, dissipation in topological insulators need not rely on backscattering or dephasing: we show that finite-frequency local shot noise couples to the electromagnetic environment and generates near-field radiation, creating a nonlocal loss channel even at quantized conductance with vanishing global shot noise. Using a nonequilibrium Green's-function framework, we link the local noise tensor to the spectral Poynting vector and compute persistent local noise in realistic two- and three-probe quantum Hall/quantum anomalous Hall interfaces where inequivalent edge modes overlap. This produces near-field "hot spots" measurable by scanning microscopy. We also give a design criterion: enforce spin-sector orthogonality to eliminate edge-mode overlap, thereby suppressing this loss channel. Our results provide a microscopic mechanism for hidden dissipation and a practical blueprint for diagnosing and reducing energy loss in topological electronics.
Compared with heterosexual persons, non-heterosexual persons have worse mental health. Sexual Minority Stress Theory (SMST) explains the disparity as resulting from stigma and discrimination. To the extent that heterosexual genetic relatives reared with non-heterosexual persons also have worse mental health, SMST is falsified. We conducted a systematic meta-analysis of studies containing family-genetic comparison data to interrogate the empirical support for SMST. We systematically identified 17 empirical studies in which twins or non-twin siblings reported on both their sexual orientation and their mental health. Subsequently, we conducted a multilevel meta-analysis, focusing on the degree to which any sexual orientation disparity in mental health diminished with genetic relatedness. Most of the mental health disparities between non-heterosexual and heterosexual persons were eliminated after controlling for family-genetic factors. The mental health disparity between non-heterosexual and heterosexual persons is reduced by up to two-thirds once familial background factors are accounted for by comparing monozygotic twins discordant for sexual orientation. This suggests that shared familial causes, and not minority stress, are the most important causes of mental health disparities in non-heterosexual persons.
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is a persistent perfluoroalkyl substance known to exert adverse effects on soil and terrestrial ecosystems. However, the toxicological risks of its substitutes, particularly sodium p-perfluorinated nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS), and their impacts on perennial plants and food-chain transfer remain insufficiently understood. Here, mulberry (Morus alba) seedlings were used as a model perennial species to compare the phytotoxic effects of PFOS and OBS. PFOS exerted markedly stronger inhibitory effects than OBS, as evidenced by significant reductions in plant height, biomass, and photosynthetic performance. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that both compounds primarily modulated general stress-responsive pathways, whereas OBS induced substantially fewer differentially expressed genes than PFOS, indicating a lower level of molecular disturbance. PFOS accumulation in mulberry was dominated by root retention, with approximately 85.2% retained in roots, followed by leaves (around 14.3%) and stems (around 0.5%). To assess PFOS toxicity along the mulberry-silkworm PFOS exposure, silkworms (Bombyx mori) were fed PFOS-contaminated mulberry leaves. Low PFOS exposure did not affect silkworm growth or silk production, whereas high exposure levels caused growth retardation and impaired cocoon formation. Approximately 58.6% of ingested PFOS was eliminated via excretion. Transcriptomic analysis further revealed that reduced silk production under high PFOS exposure was associated with the downregulation of genes involved in silk protein biosynthesis and processing, including polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GALNT). Collectively, these findings improve our understanding of PFOS- and OBS-induced stress responses in mulberry and highlight the potential of mulberry as a candidate species for PFOS uptake and provide preliminary information relevant to future phytoremediation research.
Although the low-altitude economy has been designated a strategic emerging industry, consumer-grade drone aerial photography in cultural tourism remains constrained by three coupled bottlenecks: dependence on licensed pilots, fragmented and manually orchestrated service workflows, and post-production cycles measured in hours to days. These bottlenecks jointly prevent drone aerial photography from being delivered as a standardized, on-demand consumer service. This study aims to design, implement, and empirically evaluate a software architecture that transforms professional drone aerial photography into an automated, scan-to-use consumer service, and to test whether a microservice-based design can simultaneously meet the latency, reliability, and cost requirements of mass-market smart tourism deployment. We propose KanYiKan, a distributed microservice system in which (i) an MQTT-based bidirectional channel connects the cloud scheduler with heterogeneous ground control stations, (ii) order lifecycles are governed by a deterministic finite-state machine with optimistic-locking transitions, (iii) drone assignment is formulated as a weighted multi-objective scoring problem balancing battery margin, spatial proximity, and historical reliability, and (iv) an automated video pipeline performs no-reference rule-based quality filtering, template-based semantic matching using a pre-trained vision encoder, and rendering. The system is evaluated through functional verification, JMeter-based concurrent stress testing (100-1000 users), fault-injection robustness testing, and a comparative analysis against the traditional pilot-mediated workflow. Under simulated high-concurrency loads, P99 latency of core APIs stayed at or below 312 ms and error rates below 0.05%; per-service cost dropped by over 90% (from 500-3000 CNY to 50-100 CNY), end-to-end delivery shrank from 24-72 hours to 15-30 minutes, and the pilot-per-order requirement was eliminated. All five injected fault scenarios were handled without service-wide outage. The results provide empirical evidence that a cloud-native microservice architecture, combined with FSM-driven workflow control and lightweight multi-objective scheduling, is a viable software paradigm for democratizing UAV services and offers a replicable reference design for scalable low-altitude applications in smart cultural tourism.
Today we are accustomed to the idea that eating certain foods can help to support the immune system. Over the last two decades, this familiar narrative has been bolstered by the rise of microbial science and the growing popularity of biome-led nutrition, which encourages eaters to nourish the flora and fauna of their guts for the sake of better overall health. While our current preoccupation with the microbiome can be dated to the launch of the Human Microbiome Project in 2007, its origin story can be traced much further back. It begins with work undertaken by scientists and physicians around the turn of the 20th century aimed at understanding the significance of microbes in the digestive system. One of those, the Russian zoologist Élie Metchnikoff (1845-1916), is perhaps best remembered as the founder of modern immunology, and his work on phagocytosis-the capacity of certain specialized cells to engulf and eliminate intruders-earned him the Nobel Prize in 1908. According to Metchnikoff, the gut was the "engine of senility," where pathogenic bacteria multiplied and threatened to overwhelm the body's defenses. Transforming the belly into a battleground where good bacteria went to war with bad, Metchnikoff's influential work extended his theorization of organic immunity as a form of intercellular defense to the vexed question of what to eat and created the foundation for Emily Martin's "immunological body," an understanding of the body that likens it to a nation state, defined through the careful maintenance of the boundary between self and non-self, at this intersection of dietetics and immunology.
Magnesium (Mg)-based metals are chemically active and are considered suitable for use as temporary implants in the human body due to their susceptibility to corrosion by body fluids and their controlled degradation in biological environments. This characteristic eliminated the requirement for secondary surgical intervention and minimized the burden on patients. Existing studies have indicated that the antibacterial properties of Mg-based metals are primarily attributed to the alkaline environment generated during their degradation; however, pure Mg exhibits limitations in exerting antibacterial activity in acidic environments such as gastric acid in the body. Therefore, it is important to investigate the antibacterial behavior using metal elements with inherent antibacterial resistance, including copper (Cu). In this study, the degradation behavior of pure Mg and Mg-xCu alloys (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 wt %) in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and Hank's solution was evaluated using immersion experiments. The results indicated that the Mg-0.2Cu alloy exhibited superior corrosion resistance with appropriate degradation characteristics in both SGF and Hank's solution. The in vitro cancer inhibition experiment demonstrated that Mg-0.2Cu alloy effectively inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and promoted cell apoptosis. In addition, the Mg-0.2Cu alloy exhibited stronger inhibitory activity against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) compared with pure Mg. These findings demonstrated that the biodegradable Mg-Cu alloy possesses significant potential for application in implantable devices for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.
Compressed sensing formulations that target an $\ell _{0}$ -norm objective are inherently nonconvex and discontinuous. In this article, a global optimization problem with a power-mean function is first formulated for compressed sensing. To mitigate the numerical instability of minimizing the power-mean function with a large negative exponent, the problem is reformulated as a sequential majorization-minimization (MM) problem with iteratively reweighted convex surrogate functions at different anchor points. To eliminate the dependency of the solution quality on anchor points, multiple neurodynamic optimization models are employed to seek global optimal solutions collaboratively through repeated reinitialization using a particle swarm optimization rule. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves superior performance compared to 14 state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of signal sparsity and reconstruction accuracy.
All-solid-state Marx generators have shown broad application prospects in fields such as dielectric barrier discharge, biomedical engineering, and environmental treatment. When pursuing nanosecond-scale fast-front pulses, the extremely high voltage change rate (dv/dt) can readily induce Miller false turn-on in switching devices. Meanwhile, conventional isolated driving schemes with robust noise immunity typically rely on bulky independent power supplies, which severely limit the development of highly compact pulsed power systems. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a compact composite magnetic isolation drive circuit that eliminates the need for an independent high-voltage isolated power supply. The proposed topology integrates a passive negative-voltage bootstrap network with an active Miller clamp (AMC) branch. Through the establishment of a transient mathematical model and ablation experiments, the synergistic immunity mechanism of the composite drive is revealed: the steady-state negative bias generated by bootstrapping, together with the low-impedance discharge path provided by the AMC, physically blocks the path through which high-frequency displacement currents could otherwise elevate the gate potential. Quantitative parasitic parameter scanning shows that even with a severe gate stray inductance of 50 nH, the proposed scheme maintains the transient gate voltage within the safe operating area of the device. Based on the above investigation, a 20-stage SSMG experimental prototype was developed. Experimental results demonstrate that the system operates stably under a wide load range (2-20 kΩ) at a repetition frequency of 1 kHz, successfully outputting fast-front high-voltage pulse sequences with an amplitude of 20 kV and a rise time of 22.9 ns.
The Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model has attracted widespread attention due to its relevance to diverse areas of physics, such as high temperature superconductivity, black holes, and quantum chaos. The model is, however, extremely challenging to realize experimentally. In this Letter, we show how a particular form of Floquet engineering, termed "kinetic driving," effectively eliminates single-particle processes and creates quasirandom all-to-all interactions when applied to models of Hubbard type. For the specific case of the Bose-Hubbard model, we explicitly verify that the driven system indeed reproduces SYK physics by direct comparison of the spectral form factor and out-of-time ordered correlation functions. Our findings indicate that a cold-atom realization of kinetic driving-achieved through modulation of hopping amplitudes in an optical lattice-offers a practical and accurate platform for quantum simulation of the SYK model.
Parasitism is a biological interaction in which one organism exploits the body or resources of another (the host), resulting in substantial damage or death to the host. Among parasitic animals, parasitoid wasps are one of the most species-rich lineages, accounting for nearly 20% of all insect species. In particular, endoparasitoid wasps oviposit directly into host bodies and deploy a diverse array of venom factors to manipulate host development, immunity, and physiology. In response to wasp attack, hosts attempt to eliminate parasitoid eggs through innate immune mechanisms. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which individual venom components modulate host biology and promote successful parasitism remain poorly understood. Here, we describe a standardized laboratory protocol for rearing the endoparasitoid wasp Asobara japonica and its host Drosophila melanogaster. Both parthenogenetic and sexual strains of A. japonica are available, and the parthenogenetic strain exhibits a high parasitism success rate, allowing stable maintenance of laboratory stocks for genome analysis and parasitism assays. A single-oviposition infection assay and a double-stranded RNA-based gene knockdown method were optimized for functional analysis of venom genes. Together, these protocols provide a practical experimental framework for dissecting the molecular mechanisms underlying parasitoid-host interactions and will facilitate future research in developmental biology, immunology, and physiology.
Periodontitis, characterized by progressive alveolar bone resorption and periodontal defect formation, remains a major clinical challenge driven by bacterial infection and a dysregulated inflammatory immune microenvironment. Neutrophils, as the predominant innate immune cells, accumulate at infected sites to eliminate microbes but concurrently suppress osteoblast function, thereby impairing bone formation and accelerating alveolar bone loss. Lipopolysaccharide-preconditioned dental follicle stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (L-DFSC-sEV) exhibit potent immunomodulatory activity, facilitating the clearance of proinflammatory neutrophils and attenuating neutrophil hyperactivation, and reshaping the periodontal immunoregulatory microenvironment. However, the therapeutic efficacy of sEV is often hindered by the hostile infectious and inflammatory environment, as well as the lack of an appropriate delivery system tailored to periodontal conditions. To overcome these limitations, we developed a multifunctional, dynamically cross-linked hydrogel comprising gelatin, oxidized chondroitin sulfate, and epigallocatechin gallate at physiological pH, which encapsulates L-DFSC-sEV (L-DFSC-sEV@GCSE). This hydrogel exhibits excellent tissue adhesion, self-healing capability, antibacterial activity, and immunoregulatory properties, thereby creating a favorable microenvironment for sustained sEV release. In a rat periodontal defect model, L-DFSC-sEV@GCSE markedly enhanced sEV retention and delivery, effectively controlled infection and inflammation, modulated the osteoimmune microenvironment, and significantly promoted periodontal tissue regeneration.
Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), an emerging pollutant with neurotoxic and reproductive toxicity, severely threatens global food safety and human health through environmental exposure risks and bioaccumulation. A rapid and non-destructive detection method for TPHP was established using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). This study systematically analyzed the impact of window functions on TPHP fingerprint spectra and integrated DFT calculations, chemometric analysis, and baseline correction algorithms for TPHP quantitation and qualitation in real samples. Boxcar window optimally retained absorption peaks of TPHP at 0.94, 1.21, 1.45, and 1.70 THz. B3LYP-D3/6-31G(d,2p) basis set effectively corrected the frequency shift caused by weak intermolecular interactions, resulting in a high degree of agreement between the theoretical and experimental spectra in 0.1-2.0 THz range. AirPLS algorithm effectively eliminated matrix interference in real samples, enabling accurate analysis of TPHP with a LOD of 0.09%, which advanced the practical application of THz-TDS in food safety and environmental monitoring.