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Whether hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance provides further clinical benefit over complete viral suppression in nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA)-treated chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with cirrhosis remained unclear. We aimed to compare the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatic decompensation in treated cirrhotic patients with complete viral suppression versus HBsAg seroclearance. All adult patients with CHB and cirrhosis receiving entecavir/tenofovir between January 2005 and September 2020 were identified. Patients with HCC before or within the first 6 months of baseline, other cancers or liver transplantation before baseline, liver transplantation before HBsAg loss, and without complete viral suppression were excluded. One-year landmark analyses were performed; patients with clinical outcomes or follow-up <1 year were excluded. Of 5,149 patients (mean age 60.1&#xb1;12.6 years, 66.3% male) included in the one-year landmark analysis, 456/4,988 (9.1%) and 5/161 (3.1%) of patients with complete viral suppression alone and HBsAg seroclearance developed HCC respectively at a median (25th -75th percentile) follow-up of 4.1 (2.5-5.0) years; 334/4,777 (7.0%) and 10/153 (6.5%) patients with complete viral suppression and HBsAg loss developed hepatic events. HBsAg seroclearance was associated with a lower risk of HCC (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio [asHR] 0.37, 95%CI 0.15-0.91, p=0.030) but not hepatic events (asHR 1.01, 95%CI 0.52-1.95), than complete viral suppression. Similar results on HCC were observed in two-year landmark analysis (asHR 0.37 [0.14-1.04]). HBsAg seroclearance is associated with a lower risk of HCC but not first/further hepatic decompensation in NA-treated CHB cirrhotic patients with complete viral suppression.

Given the global population growth and climate change, feeding the future 10 billion people has become an urgent challenge. As a worldwide crop, maize is pivotal in meeting this demand. Increasing planting density has long been regarded as an effective approach to enhancing maize yield in most production regions. In this perspective, we propose to increase planting density by optimizing plant architecture and balancing population-level and individual-level advantage, while also improving individual productivity by optimizing yield components, ideal ear architecture, and enhancing photosynthetic efficiency. Gene pyramiding has been proposed to enhance stress resistance, together with reinforcing lodging resistance, and shifting to earlier diurnal flower opening time to escape heat stress. Additionally, improving nutrient use efficiency can reduce fertilizer dependence, while increased photothermal insensitivity can broaden ecological adaptability. To achieve these objectives, we outline a four-step modern breeding pipeline integrating variation generation, selection, fixation, and genomic selection for hybrid prediction.

Element doping has attracted extensive attention as a strategy to regulate the electronic structure of catalysts. In this study, Ni-doped Bi2MoO6 nanosheets were uniformly anchored onto rod-like In2O3 to furnish substantial accessible reactive sites and close interfacial contact. Ni doping enabled a precise modulation for the band configuration of Bi2MoO6, imparting a Z-scheme heterojunction between Ni-doped Bi2MoO6 and In2O3. The Ni-doped Bi2MoO6/In2O3 Z-scheme heterojunction exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance in the treatment of Cr(VI) and emerging organic contaminants. In the Cr(VI)/bisphenol A coexistence system, Ni-doped Bi2MoO6/In2O3 not only achieved high reduction efficiency for Cr(VI), but also enhanced the degradation rate of bisphenol A by a factor of 4.7 compared to the single-pollutant system. The removal efficiencies could surpass many related reported studies. The product toxicity after bisphenol A degradation in a mixed Cr(VI)/bisphenol A system was analyzed by the total organic carbon content, high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, the toxicity estimation software tool, and microbial activity, manifesting that their impact on the environment has been greatly reduced. Furthermore, the catalyst maintains stable and consistent performance in multiple binary systems, including Cr(VI)/tetracycline and Cr(VI)/ciprofloxacin. This work provides insights for the design of element-doped heterojunction catalysts, which demonstrate high performance, durability, and environmental compatibility in the treatment of complex wastewater.

Heterogeneity within healthy biomedical populations can degrade disease-classification performance by distorting the decision boundary between healthy and diseased cohorts. In this study, the healthy cohort is decomposed into two subtypes: borderline healthy samples, defined operationally as healthy-labeled subjects that lie closer to the diseased distribution in the learned feature space, and a representative subset termed the self-tuned Homogeneous Healthy Core (H2C), characterized by high intra-class homogeneity. Using an information-theoretic framework, it is shown that training on H2C yields a tighter classification-error bound than training on the full heterogeneous healthy cohort. To operationalize this idea, a healthy-only kernel density estimation procedure with bootstrap-stability-based self-tuning is developed and evaluated on three biomedical case studies: myocardial infarction classification on PTB-XL+, arrhythmia detection, and an institutional migraine dataset. Compared with the full-healthy baseline and simpler healthy-subset baselines, H2C consistently shows strong performance on the subset-gated evaluation view in terms of F1, precision, recall, and accuracy, with the clearest advantage under the balanced training setup. For example, under the balanced training setup and subset-gated evaluation view, H2C improves mean F1 from 0.899 to 0.952 on PTB-XL+, from 0.693 to 0.854 on Arrhythmia, and from 0.643 to 0.741 on Migraine relative to the full-healthy baseline. These results show that curating a stable healthy reference subset can improve downstream classification behavior and support the construction of smaller, higher-quality healthy reference cohorts for biomedical modeling. More broadly, H2C provides a self-tuned and classifier-agnostic strategy for healthy-cohort curation, an important but often overlooked problem in biomedical machine learning.

Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the most common and debilitating complication of herpes zoster, yet predicting PHN occuring remains challenging. Our study aimed to develop and validate a clinical prediction model for PHN based on key demographic, serological, and clinical parameters. Retrospective cohort study. This study included 202 patients with herpes zoster treated at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital from December 2023 through November 2024. Eligible patients were classified into PHN (n = 89) and non-PHN (n = 113) groups. Clinical and laboratory data were extracted from electronic medical records. Univariate logistic regression (P < 0.20) identified candidate predictors, which were further refined using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed, and a predictive nomogram was developed. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration plots, and decision curve analysis. Four independent predictors were identified: age &#x2265; 60 years (odds ratio [OR] = 8.45; 95% CI. 3.94-18.12; P < 0.001), higher pain intensity measured by the Numeric Rating Scale (OR = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.07-1.61; P = 0.009), elevated D-dimer levels (D-dimer > 0.5 mg/L) (OR = 2.19; 95% CI, 1.10-4.36; P = 0.026), and lower neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (&#x2264; 3) (OR = 0.22; 95% CI, 0.10-0.49; P < 0.001). The final model demonstrated robust predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.78-0.89) and good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, P = 0.326). A decision curve analysis confirmed the model's clinical utility within a risk threshold range of 8%-85%. Our study is limited by its single-center design and small sample size. Our study developed a reliable and clinically applicable nomogram for PHN prediction in patients with herpes zoster. The model incorporates age, pain intensity, D-dimer level, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,, enabling early risk stratification and optimized patient management. Future prospective studies are warranted to validate this model's utility across diverse populations.

Gas-driven element redistribution, characterized by the preferential enrichment of one element at the surface relative to the bulk, is frequently observed in multicomponent alloys. Using L10-ordered PtNi as a model system, we reveal that gas pressure plays a critical role in governing adsorption-driven surface composition during annealing in reducing gases: low pressure favors Pt surface segregation, while high pressure facilitates Ni surface enrichment. In this study, we developed a high-pressure nitriding (HPN) strategy that modulates the surface structure and composition of PtNi catalysts. The resulting HPN-PtNi exhibits enhanced performance and durability in membrane electrode assemblies for heavy-duty fuel cell applications, maintaining a high current density of 1.19 A cm-2 at 0.7 V after 90,000 voltage cycles. Through a combination of experimental and theoretical analyses, we reveal that the HPN process forms additional stabilizing Ni-N bonds and induces elemental redistribution with Ni surface enrichment and a Ni-deficient Pt subsurface. These modifications alter the atomic coordination environment of the ordered PtNi phase. This work presents a generalizable strategy to design robust and high-performing Pt-based catalysts by controlling gas-pressure-driven elemental redistribution and dopant incorporation.

The exercise is medicine (EIM) initiative, promoted as routine care for cancer populations, is inadequately integrated into oncology practice. While barriers to and facilitators of physical activity (PA) promotion are well documented, oncology nurses' perspectives on EIM remain underexplored. This mixed-methods study examined oncology nurses' current PA promotion practice and perspectives on implementing the EIM initiative in China. A total of 155 oncology nurses across Hong Kong and Shenzhen in China participated in an online survey (including a 3-min EIM introductory video) assessing current PA promotion practices, personal PA habits, and attitudes toward PA and EIM, among which 14 were subsequently interviewed. The results revealed infrequent PA discussions with patients and relatively low confidence in PA promotion. After watching an EIM introductory video, participants' attitudes toward PA promotion improved slightly, with most expressing average interest and preparedness to integrate EIM in practice. Qualitative analysis revealed 5 key themes influencing EIM implementation: confidence in PA promotion, perceived priority of promoting PA in practice, perceived appropriateness of promoting PA for patients, organizational infrastructure (trainings, guidelines, collaborations, resources), and societal support. Oncology EIM implementation requires systematic organizational support, necessitating a multifaceted approach encompassing competency development, standardized procedural guidelines, cross-sector collaborations, and strategic resource allocation. Integrating EIM in oncology care requires enhanced organizational support, including training, guidelines, collaboration and resources. Implementation assessment and research are essential to ensure successful and sustainable integration and to evaluate applicability, effectiveness, and sustainability of EIM in real-world oncology settings.

Steroid hormones influence affective behavior and its underlying neural networks. However, distinguishing between organizational and activational hormonal effects, along with effects of socialization, remains challenging, limiting the understanding of the mechanisms underlying affective neurobehavioral differences. Individuals with differences in sex development (DSD), such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS), offer a unique opportunity to examine how alterations in prenatal steroid hormone exposure have a role in shaping brain development and human behaviors. This review aims to examine how, and to what extent CAH and CAIS, can inform broader neuroendocrine mechanisms of affective behavior. It starts with an overview of experimental psychology and human imaging work on the role of steroid hormones in affective behavior, highlighting the main challenges in the field in human research, and the rationale for including CAH and CAIS. It then summarizes findings from behavioral studies, experimental psychology, and neuroimaging research in CAH and CAIS to discuss how this research contributes to the understanding of the organizational role of steroid hormones on affective outcomes. Although the current evidence is limited and heterogeneous, this review highlights the contribution of prenatal hormonal variability, particularly prenatal androgen exposure, in shaping affective behavior and underlying neural networks. It also highlights how steroid hormones, chromosomal sex, timing of hormonal exposure, developmental stage and psychosocial factors interact in influencing affective outcomes. Advancing this work through neuroimaging and standardized experimental paradigms has the potential to specify the mechanistic pathways through which steroid hormone variability influences behavior. This work can also inform targeted interventions and support emotional well-being and quality of life for individuals with CAH and CAIS.

Acoustofluidics offers contactless manipulation, high versatility, and good biocompatibility. Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (&#x3bc;PAD) have key advantages like multiplexing, rapid response, and portability. The present study is a first step that combines acoustics with &#x3bc;PADs to develop Acoustic-&#x3bc;PADs (A-&#x3bc;PADs). We focus on the fundamental aspects of acoustic field-driven flow in a sessile drop placed on a hydrophobic paper substrate. Young's modulus and acoustic impedance were used to sort and select suitable paper. A simple, two-step fabrication process was used to impart hydrophobicity to paper, which eliminates liquid imbibition. A temporal variation of contact angle (with and without acoustics) was used to set the experiment duration. We investigate the effects of excitation frequency and amplitude on the drop. We have observed and recorded streaming, Faraday waves and atomization in this study. The velocity field in the drop was obtained from Micro-Particle Image Velocimetry (&#x3bc;PIV). Faraday waves and atomization were captured using high-speed imaging (8000 fps). A key finding of this study is that the system exhibits three different phenomena: internal streaming, Faraday waves, and atomization on a single device. These are captured in a flow regime map in the parameter space of dimensionless frequency and amplitude. These maps can be used as a guide for applications such as mixing (streaming), patterning (Faraday waves), and mist generation (atomization).

Administering intrathecal nusinersen to patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is commonly done under fluoroscopic guidance, and the use of the transforaminal intrathecal route has also been reported to be successful without major complications. However, this case report presents a patient who developed radicular neuritis following a transforaminal administration of nusinersen. A 28-year-old patient with SMA type 2 and severe scoliosis experienced persistent back and leg pain after a transforaminal intrathecal injection. Lumbar magnetic resonance imaging revealed contrast enhancement of the left L4 nerve root, suggesting neuritis. Despite medical treatment, the patient's symptoms did not improve significantly. As an alternative, a transforaminal epidural steroid injection, a method used commonly for radicular pain, was administered. After the procedure, the patient's pain was markedly alleviated. This case highlights the diagnosis and management of a rare iatrogenic complication associated with transforaminal access and emphasizes transforaminal epidural steroid injection as a potential treatment option in similar clinical scenarios.

Youth ice hockey is a popular sport worldwide. Because of its high physical demand and full contact nature of the game, injuries are common. Adolescent athletes, specifically those nearing the peak height velocity (PHV), represent a vulnerable subset of patients with particular susceptibility to musculoskeletal injuries. Despite the concerns for athlete health, the overall incidence of injuries continues to rise. To review current literature on common orthopedic injuries in youth ice hockey athletes with particular emphasis on mechanisms and pathology related to those during PHV. Current literature was surveyed focusing on epidemiology, injury mechanisms, and pathology of orthopedic injuries observed commonly in youth ice hockey athletes. Special attention was given to injuries related to skeletal immaturity, physeal injuries, apophysitis/overuse injuries, and size mismatch among similarly aged cohorts. Extremity injuries remain common with upper extremity involvement occurring more often than lower extremity injuries. During PHV, changes in limb length result in muscle imbalance and altered neuromuscular control. In addition, the open physis remains weakened. These developmental changes, combined with high collision forces, size mismatch in similarly aged cohorts, and increased skating volume, amplify injury risk. Adolescents during PHV represent a vulnerable subset of patients with increased risk of orthopedic injuries. Understanding growth-related risk factors-physeal susceptibility, size mismatch, and sport demand-is essential to developing injury prevention strategies and directing future research on athlete safety during development.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heritable cardiac disorder characterized by increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, often leading to heart failure (HF). HF represents a significant burden and is a challenging condition to diagnose in individuals with HCM. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging provides detailed insights into cardiac assessment, but its role in predicting new onset of HF symptoms in patients with HCM remains unknown. This study aimed to identify CMR predictors associated with the development of HF symptoms in individuals with HCM. This study was a single center retrospective cohort study that included HCM patients treated at a tertiary referral center in the United States who underwent at least 1 CMR exam, had no HF symptoms at baseline CMR and had a minimum follow-up period of 1 year. Clinical data were collected by review of electronic medical records from 1998-2018. CMR data were collected by analysis of CMR images by blinded expert cardiac radiologist. The primary outcome was new onset of HF symptoms defined as NYHA class &#x2265; II at follow up. Kaplan-Meier analyses, and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses were performed. Of 1,462 patients diagnosed with HCM who had at least 1 CMR, 276 HCM patients without HF symptoms at baseline were included in the study cohort. Average age at CMR was 52.7 &#xb1; 17.7 years and 93 (33.3%) were female. Median maximum left ventricular wall thickness was 19 mm (IQR 17-22) with a median LV ejection fraction of 71% (IQR 66-77). Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was detected in 150 (56.2%) patients (60.7% had mild; 30.7% moderate; 8.6% severe). During a median follow-up period of 6.3 years, 93 patients developed HF symptoms (NYHA class II in 56 (60.2%); class III in 31 (33.3%); and class IV in 6 (6.5%). Multivariable analysis adjusted for age showed that LA enlargement (HR 1.626; 95% CI 1.01-2.62; p=0.045) and LV mass index (HR 1.014; 95% CI 1.007-1.022; p= <0.001) at initial CMR along with sex (HR 1.7; 95% CI 1.074-2.691; p=0.023) were independent predictors of new onset of HF symptoms in patients with HCM. Conclusions Nearly half of the patients with HCM developed HF symptoms within 6.3 years. Left atrial enlargement, LV mass index, and sex were independent predictors of new onset of HF symptoms in HCM patients. These findings emphasize the value of CMR in HF risk assessment, in providing insights in management and improving outcomes in patients with HCM.

Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) experience severe, co-occurring, and fluctuating symptoms during treatment. Accurate identification is critical but often limited by under documentation and unstructured electronic health record notes. To develop and validate a natural language processing (NLP) system to extract symptoms from inpatient clinical notes, characterize prevalence and co-occurrence of documented symptoms, and examine whether documentation patterns vary by patient- and note-level factors. We analyzed 78,392 clinical notes from 812 AML patients admitted between 2006 and 2021. Ten symptom categories were defined (pain, gastrointestinal, myelosuppression, cardiopulmonary, skin, fatigue, anxiety/anger, central nervous system, depression, and sleep). The NLP system was validated against 240 manually annotated notes, with performance assessed by precision, recall, and F1 score. Exploratory analyses using generalized estimating equations estimated odds of documentation by sex, age, and author type. The NLP system achieved high performance across all symptom categories (average F1 = 0.90). Gastrointestinal (97.3%), pain (95.9%), and myelosuppression (95.7%) were most frequently documented, with extensive co-occurrence across encounters. Fatigue and depression were less common. Men had lower odds of depression documentation than women, and older patients had lower odds across multiple domains. Compared with physicians, advanced practice registered nurses more often documented cardiopulmonary symptoms, while other provider groups documented fewer symptoms overall. NLP enables accurate, scalable extraction of symptom data from unstructured notes, supporting large-scale surveillance and predictive modeling in AML. Findings highlight the need for standardized documentation and tailored interventions to address symptom risks across patient groups.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ultrasound-assisted tumbling (100, 300, 500, and 700&#xa0;W) with different treatment times (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180&#xa0;min) on the quality, myofibrillar protein structure, and protein oxidation of beef (knuckles, 48&#xa0;h postmortem). Differences in physicochemical properties were assessed, including tumbling yield, protein content in the brine, cooking loss, color, texture, and moisture distribution. Additionally, protein structural and oxidative characteristics were analyzed by measuring carbonyl groups, sulfhydryl groups, and secondary structural conformations. Results indicated that ultrasound-assisted treatment increased both tumbling yield and brine protein content (P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05). Compared with single tumbling (conventional tumbling without ultrasound treatment), ultrasound-assisted tumbling increased the L* value and myofibrillar fragmentation index, while reducing the a* value, hardness, and shear force (P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05). Magnetic resonance imaging, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, and cooking loss results confirmed that the ultrasound process raised the bound water content and enhanced water-holding capacity of beef (P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05). Moreover, increased ultrasonic power elevated protein carbonyl content and reduced total sulfhydryl content, thus promoting protein oxidation. Conformational analyses revealed that ultrasound treatment reduced protein &#x3b1;-helix content while elevating &#x3b2;-sheet content. In summary, ultrasound-assisted tumbling improved cured beef quality by regulating water migration and modifying protein and myofibrillar structures.

Abbreviated psychotherapies for chronic pain improve access to care by reducing length of treatment and reaching patients outside of chronic pain clinics, such as primary care. However, the evidence for these approaches is limited. We conducted a randomized controlled trial of brief cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain (ie, 6, 30-minute sessions of psychoeducation, behavioral and cognitive skills, and relapse prevention delivered individually) with 184 primary care patients with moderate to severe chronic musculoskeletal pain from a Veterans Health Administration medical center. Mean age of the sample was 59 years (SD = 13.3), 84.8% were male, and 77.2% were White. Following baseline, patients were randomized to either brief cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain plus usual pain care or usual pain care alone. Assessments were conducted at baseline plus 6 weeks (mid-treatment), 12 weeks (treatment completion), and 24 weeks (3 month post-treatment follow-up) to gather information regarding pain interference (primary outcome), pain intensity, mental health symptoms, quality of life, and social role participation. Results indicated that relative to usual pain care alone, participants who also received behavioral treatment showed statistically greater improvement in pain interference at each time point. Clinically significant improvement in pain interference was reached by mid-treatment with continued improvement at treatment completion and 3-month follow-up among the behavioral treatment group but not the usual pain care group. Behavioral treatment was also associated with improved physical quality of life and sleep quality. This significantly abbreviated behavioral treatment designed for scalability can lead to rapid and sustained improvements in pain outcomes.

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This work aimed to profile lactylation in pork by investigating its variances among muscle types, molecular modification traits, and biochemical regulatory networks. Through integrated immunoblotting, lactylome profiling, and bioinformatics analysis, we demonstrated that protein lactylation increased over postmortem time, with longissimus thoracis muscle exhibiting higher levels than semimembranosus and psoas major muscles. Importantly, this difference was primarily dominated by lactate concentration rather than lactyltransferase p300 levels. The lactylated proteins showed broad molecular weight and isoelectric point ranges, along with modified sites being mainly concentrated in functional random coil regions of proteins and characterized by unique flanking motifs containing arginine (-6) and glycine (+7). Additionally, lactylated proteins were widely localized in cytoplasm and mitochondria, and postmortem energy metabolism comprising phosphagen system, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation was the most notable regulatory network for lactylation. Other pathways were sequentially involved in myofiber contraction, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and calcium homeostasis. Our study provided the first comprehensive characterization of lactylation in pork skeletal muscle, advancing the biological significance of postmortem muscle lactate.

B7-H3 (CD276) is an emerging target for cancer theranostics, highlighting the need for imaging probes capable of noninvasively quantifying B7-H3 expression in tumors. Here, we developed three 68Ga-labeled B7-H3-targeting bicyclic peptide tracers with different PEG linker lengths. All tracers showed high radiochemical purity (>96%), favorable in vitro stability, and rapid blood clearance. Among them, [68Ga]Ga-B7H3-FZ1 exhibited the highest affinity (KD = 83.22 nM). Micro-PET/CT imaging demonstrated that tumor uptake of [68Ga]Ga-B7H3-FZ1 correlated positively with B7-H3 expression across multiple tumor models. In H1299 tumors. B7-H3 overexpression increased uptake from 1.09 &#xb1; 0.18 to 3.50 &#xb1; 0.97%ID/g at 30 min postinjection, confirming target specificity. Biosafety studies indicated no obvious toxicity. These results support [68Ga]Ga-B7H3-FZ1 as a promising PET tracer for noninvasive B7-H3 imaging.

Global warming is intensifying coupled heat-water stress in agriculture, necessitating scalable strategies for cooling and moisture retention. Passive radiative cooling (PRC) presents a promising avenue, yet current PRC films predominantly rely on expensive non-agricultural feedstocks and involve energy- or solvent-intensive manufacturing processes, while limited end-of-life environmental compatibility hampers alignment with agricultural systems. Herein, we present a sustainable radiative cooling mulch (SRCM) derived from waste maize leaves, engineered to establish an "agricultural residue-material-soil" closed loop. Through spontaneous hydrogen-bond-mediated self-assembly requiring no external energy, we engineered a hierarchically porous, self-reinforced fibrous network that combines application-grade mechanical robustness (tensile strength up to 17.8&#xa0;MPa) with a high solar reflectance of 93.3% and a mid-infrared emissivity of 92.6%. In outdoor tests, relative to bare soil, SRCM lowers soil temperature by up to 18&#xb0;C and suppresses evaporative water loss by up to 85.8%, markedly improving early-stage bok choy growth with 5.3-fold higher germination and 220% greater biomass. Furthermore, SRCM demonstrates excellent recyclability via aqueous reprocessing and exhibits complete biodegradability and biosafety at the end of its life cycle. This work offers a scalable, closed-loop strategy at the heat-water-food-energy nexus, advancing sustainable circular agriculture.