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P. massoniana is an important native economic and ecological tree species in southern China, where seasonal drought has emerged as a critical factor limiting its productivity. The SAUR gene family, recognized as core early auxin-responsive genes, plays a crucial role in balancing plant growth, development, and stress adaptation; however, research related to this family in conifers remains limited. Utilizing the chromosome-level genome of P. massoniana, this study identified 73 SAUR genes (PmSAUR1~73) through bioinformatics methods, systematically analyzing the physicochemical properties of the encoded proteins, chromosomal localization, phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, and cis-acting elements. Combined with transcriptome sequencing and molecular experiments, the drought stress response patterns of these genes were further elucidated. The results indicated that PmSAUR genes predominantly encode alkaline proteins, primarily localized in mitochondria and nuclei, with an uneven distribution across nine chromosomes, where tandem duplication serves as the primary mechanism driving family expansion. Phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into seven subfamilies, which include both conserved clades homologous to angiosperms and branches specific to P. massoniana. All members contain the Auxin_inducible conserved domain, with motif1 identified as the core essential motif. Promoter regions were enriched with MeJA (methyl jasmonate)-responsive (56%), ABA-responsive, and drought stress-related cis-elements. Under drought stress, 38 PmSAUR genes exhibited diverse temporal expression patterns. Four key genes (PmSAUR14, PmSAUR28, PmSAUR54, and PmSAUR73), which are localized in the nucleus and exhibit high expression specifically in male cones or roots, were identified. These genes exhibit an expression pattern consistent with an auxin-negative response (i.e., repressed by IAA and induced by drought) and display a distinctive response pattern characterized by drought-induced upregulation coupled with IAA-mediated downregulation. This mechanism may contribute to the drought adaptation strategies of P. massoniana, involving regulatory processes for aboveground reproduction and adaptation of the underground root system. This study represents the first effort to elucidate the evolutionary characteristics and drought response patterns of the SAUR gene family in P. massoniana, thereby addressing the existing research gap regarding the functions of SAUR genes in coniferous trees. Furthermore, it offers candidate gene resources and theoretical support for the molecular breeding of stress resistance in P. massoniana. In addition, two auxin-induced SAUR genes (PmSAUR22 and PmSAUR37) were identified as contrasting examples, but the main focus of this study is on the four auxin-repressed genes.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) functions as an anti-atherogenic neuropeptide. Maxadilan, a PAC1 receptor agonist, offers atheroprotection by acting downstream of vascular inflammation caused by hypercholesterolemia. This study aims to explore how PACAP and Maxadilan influence migration and apoptosis in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs). To investigate the role of PACAP deficiency in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis under standard chow (SC) in vivo, PACAP-/--mice were crossed with ApoE-/--mice to generate PACAP-/-/ApoE-/--mice. The whole aorta was isolated and stained with OilRedO (ORO). Atherosclerotic lesions and lumen stenosis in the brachiocephalic trunk were quantified using ImageJ 1.54p (Fiji). To further investigate the role of PACAP and Maxadilan in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis with special respect to HCASMC under a lipid-enriched environment, HCASMCs were treated with oxLDL, with or without PACAP or Maxadilan. Uptake and accumulation of oxLDL were analyzed using BodipyTM493/503, and cell viability was assessed with PrestoBlue®. Cell migration was evaluated using the scratch assay and the MRI wound-healing tool in ImageJ (Fiji). Mitochondrial morphology was examined with MitoTracker Green and the MiNA tool in ImageJ (Fiji). Apoptotic processes were analyzed by Western blot, immunocytofluorescence staining, and ELISA. In vivo, PACAP-/-/ApoE-/--mice showed increased lumen stenosis and decreased plaque burden compared with ApoE-/--mice. In vitro, PACAP enhanced the viability of oxLDL-treated HCASMCs, while neither PACAP nor Maxadilan influenced lipid content in HCASMCs, regardless of oxLDL presence. Both oxLDL and PACAP slowed cell migration, but Maxadilan increased migration in oxLDL-treated HCASMCs. The protein level of the proliferation marker Ki67 was reduced in cells treated with oxLDL and Maxadilan. Additionally, BAX, which promotes intrinsic apoptosis, was elevated in HCASMCs stimulated with Maxadilan and oxLDL. Investigations of mitochondrial morphology indicated that oxLDL and PACAP increased the individual and network structures, with a decrease in branches per network. Our data highlight the complex role of the PACAP/PAC1 system in vascular pathology and suggest that selective modulation-such as targeted PAC1 activation or PACAP supplementation-could lead to new strategies for stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques. In the long term, this could improve the balance between plaque formation and vascular function.

Active control of multi-mode light-matter interactions is crucial for advancing quantum photonic technologies. Although triple-mode plasmon-exciton systems involving two distinct excitonic transitions offer a pathway to multi-level polaritonic states, achieving reversible electrical tuning at room temperature remains challenging. Here, we numerically investigate an electrically tunable triple-mode strong-coupling system comprising a J-aggregate-coated Au@Ag nanorod coupled with monolayer WS2. The simulated spectra show a UPB-LPB energy separation of approximately 239 meV near the zero-detuning condition. A modest gate voltage (2.0 V to 3.8 V) selectively modulates the middle and lower polariton branches over ∼46 meV, while the upper branch remains largely unaffected. This selective control is elucidated via a triple-mode coupled-oscillator model and Hopfield coefficient analysis, linking the polariton response to the excitonic composition. These results establish a framework for electrically reconfigurable multi-level polaritonic devices, offering potential for ultracompact optical modulators, high-sensitivity multiplexed sensors, and programmable quantum photonic circuits.

Fourteen species of monopisthocotyls were reported from the gills of Triportheus albus Cope (Characiformes: Triportheidae) collected from the Itaya River, Peru. Nine species belonged to Anacanthorus Mizelle & Price, 1965: seven previously described species: Anacanthorus acuminatus Kritsky, Boeger & Van Every, 1992, Anacanthorus alatus Kritsky, Boeger & Van Every, 1992, Anacanthorus bellus Kritsky, Boeger & Van Every, 1992, Anacanthorus euryphallus Kritsky, Boeger & Van Every, 1992, Anacanthorus quinqueramus Kritsky, Boeger & Van Every, 1992, Anacanthorus formosus Kritsky, Boeger & Van Every, 1992, and Anacanthorus ramulosus Kritsky, Boeger & Van Every, 1992, and two new species described herein. Three species belonged to Ancistrohaptor Agarwal & Kritsky, 1998: Ancistrohaptor falciferum Agarwal & Kritsky, 1998, Ancistrohaptor falcunculum Agarwal & Kritsky, 1998, and Ancistrohaptor forficata Diniz, de Sousa, Yamada & Yamada, 2025; and two to Jainus Mizelle, Kritsky & Crane, 1968: Jainus iquitensis Morey, Viana, Chota & Chero, 2025 and Jainus sardinae Morey, Viana, Chota & Chero, 2025. Anacanthorus itayensis n. sp. is characterized by a long sclerotized sigmoid male copulatory organ (MCO) with submedial cirral "feather" and by a four-branched accessory piece in which the second branch terminates in a fish-like fin, the others bifurcate into sub-branches with pointed tips. Anacanthorus ypsiloniformis n. sp. is characterized by an elongate, slightly conical MCO curving ventrally and terminating in a rounded, slightly tapered distal tip bearing a dense crown-like cluster with submedial small spines, and by a distinctively Y-shaped accessory piece with two divergent arms arising proximally: one broader and blunt-ended with a comb-like denticulate distal margin, the other narrower and more rounded distally. This study constitutes the first comprehensive record of monopisthocotyls from T. albus in Peru and documents one of the most species-rich dactylogyrid assemblages reported from a single host species of Triportheus Cope in the Neotropical region.

Cervical fusion alters regional biomechanics and increases load transmission through adjacent facet joints, which may produce facet-mediated pain. Cervical medial branch blocks (MBBs) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) remain highly useful diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, yet surgical approaches used in cervical fusion frequently disrupt the cervical medial branch nerves (MBNs) at treated levels. Identifying which MBNs remain anatomically intact is essential for accurate diagnostic and therapeutic targeting of relevant nerves (and sensate facet joints), and for avoiding unnecessary procedure levels or procedures altogether. To present an approach to determining which cervical medial branches require management after fusion, drawing upon surgical approach, anatomic landmarks, implant trajectory, and cross-sectional imaging. Technical Note. Cervical radiofrequency ablation following spinal fusion surgery. A systematic, anatomy-based method improves diagnostic precision, reduces unnecessary procedures, and helps identify patients most likely to benefit from interventions. Posterior cervical fusion using modern screw and rod instrumentation will essentially always result in denervation of the MBN at the operated level(s). Anterior surgical approaches reliably preserve the MBNs, making them viable targets for cervical RFA.

Paraleyrodes minei is an invasive alien species in China, representing a new record for Yunnan Province and a new sugarcane pest. The mitochondrial genome of P. minei was sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 sequencing platform. The genome sequence was assembled and annotated, and its structural characteristics and nucleotide composition were analyzed. A phylogenetic tree of 18 species in the family Aleyrodidae was constructed using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods to analyze the phylogenetic relationship of P. minei within the family Aleyrodidae. The results indicated that the mitochondrial genome of P. minei was 18,774 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and 1 non-coding control region. The A+T content of the mitochondrial genome of P. minei was 80.93%, indicating a marked A+T preference. ATN was used as the start codon for the PCGs, and TAA, TAG, TA, and T were used as the stop codons. In the secondary structure of tRNA, the TΨC arm was missing in trnA, trnC, and trnG, and the DHU arm was missing in trnS1 and trnS2, with G-U base mismatches present. The phylogenetic tree revealed that the 18 species of 10 genera in the two subfamilies of the family Aleyrodidae clustered into two major branches: the subfamilies Aleyrodinae and Aleurodicinae. All 10 genera were monophyletic groups; among them, the genus Paraleyrodes and the genus Aleurodicus formed a sister relationship, and both belonged to the subfamily Aleurodicinae. This study represents the first successful sequencing of the mitochondrial genome of P. minei, as well as the first mitochondrial genome of the genus Paraleyrodes, laying the foundation for the control of P. minei and the analysis of phylogenetic relationships among various genera of the family Aleyrodidae.

Single-image dehazing requires wide-range visibility estimation and local structure recovery under spatially varying degradation. Existing large-context models improve global reasoning, but they often incur heavy computation or lose sensitivity to irregular haze boundaries and attenuated details. To address these issues, we propose the Adaptive Deformable Peripheral Convolution Network (ADPCNet), a compact encoder-decoder that organizes dehazing into four coupled operations: conditional adaptive sharing for peripheral large-kernel context modeling, deformable sampling for geometry-aware aggregation, frequency-guided modulation for detail compensation, and dynamic multi-branch fusion for content-adaptive integration. The key idea is to separate broad haze estimation, structure alignment, and detail recovery within an efficient operator stack. Experiments on RESIDE, Dense-Haze, and NH-Haze show that ADPCNet achieves competitive paired-benchmark performance with 7.25 M parameters and 33.62 G FLOPs, reaching 40.89 dB/0.997 on SOTS-Indoor, 37.80 dB/0.996 on SOTS-Outdoor, 18.05 dB/0.679 on Dense-Haze, and 21.66 dB/0.815 on NH-Haze. The ablation and sensitivity results further support the contributions of the proposed modules and the selected kernel configuration. Overall, these results indicate that ADPCNet maintains a favorable quality-efficiency trade-off under the matched paired evaluation protocol.

West Nile Virus (WNV) belongs to the orthoflavivirus genus and is part of the Flaviviridae family, which includes the Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, Zika virus, and yellow fever virus. WNV circulates among birds and mosquitoes, posing infection risks to humans and mammals. The significant rise in WNV's geographic spread and infection rates over the past five decades has prompted urgent public health concerns, driving the need for accelerated vaccine research. The development of a vaccine for WNV infection presents several challenges, primarily due to the virus's complex biology, the risk of cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses, safety concerns such as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), and the economic and logistical hurdles in vaccine production. Despite significant research efforts, no human vaccine has been approved, although several candidates are in various stages of development. The current review offers a comprehensive summary of the latest progress and the concomitant challenges in the development of vaccines. It also discusses the role of host-pathogen interaction, host immunity, viral immune evasion, and disease pathogenesis in facilitating the advancement of vaccines.

Endovascular treatment planning for intracranial aneurysms requires integrating vascular geometry, branch preservation, device feasibility, and patient-specific risk tolerance. Because multiple strategies may be clinically acceptable for the same anatomy, treatment selection reflects expert heuristics rather than a single deterministic solution. Whether multimodal large language models (LLMs) can reproduce such expert decision patterns from angiographic inputs remains incompletely characterized. In this retrospective single-center study, 59 patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with endovascular therapy were analyzed. Four decision agents reviewed each case: (i) the multidisciplinary neurovascular board that performed the index procedure (contextual clinical reference), (ii) an independent interventional neuroradiologist (>&#x2009;10&#xa0;years EVT experience), (iii) a multimodal LLM (GPT-5), and (iv) a first-year neurointerventional fellow included as a trainee-level comparator. All evaluators received identical clinical summaries and 6-10 standardized 3D-DSA projections. The blinded expert scored all non-reference proposals on a 4-point ordinal scale that reflects procedural feasibility and alignment with heuristic preferences rather than clinical correctness. Agreement with board decisions for modality-level strategies (SAC/BAC/FD) was quantified using Cohen's kappa (&#x3ba;). GPT-5 demonstrated moderate concordance with board-selected treatment modalities (&#x3ba;&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.64), within the range of expert-level variability reported in intracranial aneurysm management and higher than agreement observed for the trainee-level comparator (&#x3ba;&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.15). Expert preference-based scoring indicated that most GPT-5 proposals were judged as either preferred strategies or clinically acceptable alternatives (median score 4 vs 3 for the fellow; p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). Divergence between evaluators occurred primarily at the strategic planning level, whereas similar performance was observed for rule-based subtasks such as device sizing and landing-zone estimation. In this retrospective case series, a multimodal LLM generated endovascular treatment strategies that frequently aligned with expert heuristic decision-making patterns when evaluated in a real-world clinical decision-making context. Rather than representing autonomous clinical reasoning, the model appears to reproduce codified expert heuristics embedded in neurointerventional practice. Multimodal LLMs may therefore serve as adjunct tools for standardizing decision patterns and supporting trainees. Prospective multicenter validation incorporating full DICOM workflows and human-in-the-loop oversight is required before clinical integration.

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is common in adults and may cause chronic right ventricular (RV) volume overload and remodeling. Electrocardiography (ECG) may serve as a screening adjunct to echocardiography. To evaluate the association of the terminal D1S + D3R ECG pattern, defined as a terminal S wave in lead I plus a terminal R wave in lead III, with structural and hemodynamic right heart involvement in adult secundum ASD. A total of 161 adult patients with secundum ASD were retrospectively analyzed. Right heart involvement was assessed using pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio (Qp/Qs) &#x2265; 1.5 and a right ventricular/left ventricular (RV/LV) ratio > 1. ECG parameters, including right bundle branch block (RBBB), right axis deviation, V1-V2 R-wave positivity, and terminal D1S + D3R, were evaluated by two blinded cardiologists, with final classifications determined by consensus. Multivariable Firth penalized logistic regression, correlation analyses, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed. In the multivariable Firth penalized logistic regression model, pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and ASD diameter were independently associated with Qp/Qs &#x2265; 1.5, whereas the terminal D1S + D3R pattern was not. The terminal D1S + D3R pattern was independently associated with RV dilatation after adjustment for age, sex, PAP, and ASD diameter (odds ratio [OR]: 9.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.82-38.20, p < 0.001) and showed good discriminatory performance for RV dilatation (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.881, 95% CI: 0.831-0.932). In adults with secundum ASD, a positive terminal D1S + D3R ECG pattern is independently associated with RV dilatation and may serve as a practical adjunctive screening marker. However, it should not replace echocardiographic assessment.

Optimal phase selection in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is crucial. While the mid-diastolic slow-filling (SF) phase is typically predicted using a conventional formula based on heart rate and atrioventricular conduction time, its validity in complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB)-where pronounced QRS prolongation induces severe mechanical dyssynchrony-remains unclear. We evaluated the impact of bundle branch block on cardiac-phase selection and validated a QRS-corrected predictive model. We retrospectively analyzed 94 patients (sinus rhythm, n = 40; complete right bundle branch block [CRBBB], n = 36; CLBBB, n = 18). Measured SF at the proximal right coronary artery was compared against predictions from the conventional formula (SF = -362 + 0.742 &#xd7; [RR - PQ]) and a proposed QRS-corrected formula incorporating a "-(QRS - 100)" subtraction. To test the necessity of a novel model, regression analyses were reconstructed exclusively for the CLBBB cohort. In CLBBB patients, the conventional formula critically overestimated SF by an average of 37.9 ms (RMSE 42.5 ms). Reconstructing simple and multivariate regression models exclusively for the CLBBB group yielded coefficients remarkably similar to the conventional formula, indicating that the fundamental physiological dependency on RR and PQ intervals remains intact despite the bundle branch block. Crucially, the simple proposed QRS-corrected formula successfully eliminated the overestimation bias (mean error -6.9 ms; p = 0.176) and demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy (RMSE 21.2 ms). A completely new predictive regression model is unnecessary for CLBBB patients. Simply incorporating a theoretical subtraction of pathological QRS prolongation optimally corrects the diastolic resting phase.

Marine-derived microorganisms are a rich source of structurally diverse natural products with significant pharmaceutical potential. In this study, three new cyclic lipopeptides, amylimycins A-C (1-3), were isolated from a marine-derived Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and chiral derivatization using 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl-5-alanine amide (FDAA). Amylimycins A-C (1-3) were identified as bacillomycin D analogs belonging to the iturin family, characterized by a cyclic heptapeptide core linked to a &#x3b2;-amino fatty acid moiety. Notably, these compounds featured uncommon branched &#x3b2;-amino fatty acid chains with varied chain lengths, representing a distinctive structural characteristic among bacillomycin D analogs. Amylimycins A-C (1-3) showed moderate antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis, while displaying weak to no activity against the Gram-negative strains Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens.

Green synthesis of KGM-capped CeO2 nanoparticles was successfully achieved through a simple coprecipitation method using Konjac Glucomannan (KGM) as a biopolymeric capping and stabilizing agent. The reaction conditions were optimized by varying pH (9-11) and temperature (30-70 &#xb0;C) to evaluate their influence on nanoparticle formation and photocatalytic performance. The synthesized KGM-CeO2 nanoparticles were comprehensively characterized using FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, SEM-EDS, TEM, DLS, and ZP analysis to investigate their structural, optical, morphological, and surface properties. The characterization results confirmed the successful formation of porous sponge-like branched CeO2 nanostructures with irregular morphology. XRD analysis revealed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of approximately 7.7 nm, while DLS analysis showed an average hydrodynamic particle size of 29.7 nm with a biomodal particle size distribution. The positive zeta potential value (+16.75 mV) confirmed good colloidal stability and reduced agglomeration due to effective capping by KGM. The synthesized nanoparticles also exhibited favorable optical properties with band gap values suitable for photocatalytic applications. The adsorption and photocatalytic degradation performance of the KGM-CeO2 nanoparticles was investigated against synthetic textile dyes, including Naphthol Blue Black (NBB), Methyl Orange (MO), and a mixed NBB-MO dye system under acidic conditions. Using an adsorbent dosage of 50 mg and dye concentrations of 100 mg/L, the material achieved degradation efficiencies of approximately 99% for NBB, 91% for MO, and 52% for the mixed dye system under UV irradiation for 120 min. Adsorption kinetic studies indicated that the pseudo-second-order model provided the best fit, suggesting that chemisorption is the dominant adsorption mechanism involving multifunctional surface interactions. These findings are particularly relevant for industrial wastewater treatment, since actual textile effluents typically contain complex mixtures of dyes and organic contaminants rather than single dye pollutants. The mixed dye experiments, therefore, provide a more realistic simulation of industrial wastewater conditions. Overall, the synthesized KGM-CeO2 nanoparticles demonstrate excellent potential as an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable multifunctional material for adsorption-assisted photocatalytic treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater. Further optimization of operational conditions and catalyst surface properties may enhance its efficiency in multicomponent wastewater systems.

Microglia are dynamic cells that respond both transcriptionally and morphologically to acute brain injury as well as to chronic neurodegenerative conditions. Upon activation, they become less ramified, more rounded, and accumulate intracellular lipid droplets. In this hypothesis paper, we propose that the formation of these lipid droplets supports the redistribution of plasma membrane lipids required during morphological remodeling. We rely on original and published studies of microglial morphology under conditions of aging, acute activation, and chronic activation. In ex&#xa0;vivo brain slices, microglia responded to either ATP or acute A&#x3b2; injections within minutes by extending their proximal processes toward the stimulus while simultaneously retracting their distal processes into their cell bodies. Chronic exposure to A&#x3b2; in mouse models of amyloid reduced microglial branching alongside a two- to three-fold loss of surface area. Transcriptomic analyses showed that activated microglia upregulate genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and fatty acid activation, both processes that are necessary in the production of triacylglycerol. Integrating these new and published analyses of microglia, we developed a hypothesis in which plasma membrane phospholipids are redistributed during acute activation and, during chronic activation, they are metabolized to triacylglycerol into lipid droplets. Tests of this hypothesis, through various pharmacological and genetic approaches, would contribute to our understanding of lipid droplets in cells that undergo substantial morphological changes.

Ether phospholipids from marine organisms represent an understudied class of bioactive lipids with unique structural features. In this study, we isolated, for the first time, an ether phosphatidylserine (ePS) species from the soft coral Sclerophytum heterospiculatum and assessed its biological activity on human microglial clone 3 (HMC-3) cells. The isolated ePS contained an ether bond at the sn-1 position and very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (24:5) at the sn-2 position. Using an MTS assay, we demonstrated that ePS was non-cytotoxic at all tested concentrations (0.39-100 &#x3bc;g/mL) and even increased microglial proliferation at 50-100 &#x3bc;g/mL. In microglial cells activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS-activated), ePS significantly reduced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA). A lipidomic analysis by HPLC-MS/MS revealed that ePS modulated the membrane lipid composition of microglial cells, increasing the content of polyunsaturated phosphatidylserines (PS 36:3, PS 40:5) and decreasing the levels of phosphatidylinositols (PI 18:1/20:4; PI 18:0/20:4, 18:1/20:3). Furthermore, a fatty acid analysis showed that ePS prevented LPS-induced accumulation of saturated fatty acids and preserved PUFA levels in HMC-3 cells. These findings suggest that marine-derived ePS can be considered as promising agents with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Endotoxins, specifically lipopolysaccharides (LPS), are components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Due to the fact that even extremely low concentrations of endotoxins can trigger the human body's inflammatory cascade, there is an urgent need to develop highly sensitive detection technologies for accurate identification and quantitative analysis of trace amounts of endotoxin. This study, based on an electrochemical sensing platform constructed using AuNPs/NH2-UiO-66/PEI/MCNs functionalized nanocomposite materials, has successfully achieved efficient detection of endotoxins in food. Given the complex food matrix and numerous interfering substances, this sensor enhances its anti-interference capability through a multi-level cooperative interface design. It uses polyethyleneimine-modified mesoporous carbon nanospheres (PEI/MCNs) as the substrate and integrates the directional loading capability of NH2-UIO-66 with the conductivity-enhancing effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), thereby significantly improving signal stability. This biosensor achieves a remarkable detection limit as low as 40&#xa0;fg/mL, enabling trace-level identification of LPS. Additionally, it exhibits excellent selectivity against common foodborne interferents, facilitating rapid and accurate LPS detection.This study presents a novel, portable detection solution for the rapid screening of microbial contamination in food. The nanocomposite interface construction strategy employed herein provides significant guidance for developing trace-level hazard detection technologies in complex matrices.

Radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) frequently causes severe pain and treatment interruptions in patients with head and neck cancer. While earlier guidelines suggested zinc supplementation, updated MASCC/ISOO guidelines downgraded it to 'No Guideline Possible' due to highly conflicting evidence. This study aims to resolve these inconsistencies by evaluating zinc's prophylactic efficacy and investigating whether the route of administration determines its clinical benefit. Following PRISMA guidelines and INPLASY registration (INPLASY202620063), we searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library through February 2026. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing prophylactic zinc versus placebo or standard care in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool. The primary outcome was severe (Grade 3-4) RIOM incidence. Data from five RCTs (332 patients) were pooled using a random-effects model. Overall, zinc significantly reduced severe mucositis risk (RR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.17-0.73, p = 0.005). Crucially, an exploratory subgroup analysis revealed a striking divergence based on delivery route. Topical zinc mouthwash demonstrated encouraging protection (RR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.05-0.49, p = 0.001) with zero heterogeneity (I2 = 0%). In contrast, systemic zinc yielded borderline, inconsistent benefits (RR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.27-1.01, p = 0.055, I2 = 37%). In conclusion, the localized pool of contemporary evidence clearly demonstrates that the systemic oral ingestion of zinc supplements does not provide a reliable prophylactic benefit against severe radiation-induced oral mucositis in head and neck cancer care. Conversely, topical zinc mouthwashes exhibit an encouraging protective trend; however, the severe paucity of available randomized trials and low cumulative patient volume preclude definitive clinical verification. While these exploratory findings suggest that topical administration may provide a more consistent protective trend compared to systemic routes, they should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating rather than definitive. Future large-scale, multi-center RCTs are strictly warranted to validate these promising route-specific benefits before formal guideline integration.

The occiput posterior (OP) fetal head position is the most common malposition during labor and is associated with prolonged labor, operative delivery, and cesarean section. Conventional assessment often relies on digital examination, and the clinical significance of OP may lie along a spectrum rather than as a binary diagnosis. The Artificial Intelligence Dystocia Algorithm (AIDA) integrates four objective intrapartum ultrasound parameters (Angle of Progression [AoP], Head-Symphysis Distance [HSD], Midline Angle [MLA], and Asynclitism Degree [AD]) into a five-class ordinal classification (Classes 0-4). This investigation is a focused secondary subgroup analysis of 79 OP cases drawn from a single-cohort dataset of 135 nulliparous women with prolonged second-stage labor originally collected for the development of the AIDA. Only Branch 1 of the AIDA (the deterministic threshold-based classification, with cut-offs originally derived via Decision Tree on the parent cohort, N = 135) was applied; Branch 2 (the case-level machine-learning predictors) was not used, and no predictive model was trained or validated in this study. Cesarean delivery rates rose monotonically across AIDA classes, from no cesareans in Class 0 to all cases delivering by cesarean in Class 4, with a clear gradient across intermediate classes; full numerical results, confidence intervals, and effect sizes are reported in the Results section. Because the AIDA thresholds were derived from the same parent cohort, the analysis is best interpreted as a within-cohort subgroup evaluation rather than as independent validation. The observed class-graded outcome distribution is consistent with the hypothesis that in OP labors, the AIDA class assignment itself may carry clinically relevant information on the risk of intrapartum cesarean delivery; this remains hypothesis generating, and confirmation in independent prospective cohorts is required before AIDA-class assignment can be regarded as an established risk-stratification descriptor in OP labors.

The glycosidic composition of Psolus phantapus was studied for the first time. Two new glycosides, phantapusosides A (1) and B (2), and the known psolusoside P (3) were isolated and their structures were established by analysis of 1H, 13C NMR, 1D TOCSY, and 2D NMR (1H,1H COSY, HMBC, HSQC, ROESY), and HR-ESI mass spectra. These compounds are structurally close to those isolated from other representatives of the genus Psolus: P. fabricii, P. peronii and P. chitonoides. These data confirm the chemotaxonomic significance of triterpene glycosides of sea cucumbers, demonstrating that closely related species biosynthesize structurally similar metabolites. The cytotoxic activity of compounds 1 and 2 was studied against four human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, T-47D, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468), as well as the non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial cell line MCF-10A and the pancreatic epithelioid carcinoma cell line PANC-1. The glycosides were selectively active against the TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468. Notably, both glycosides inhibited the clonogenic potential of TNBC cell lines more significantly than their metabolic activity (MTT assay) and demonstrated a more pronounced colony-inhibiting effect toward the basal-like cell line MDA-MB-468, making this cell line a promising model for future investigation of the antitumor effects of glycosides.