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Peptide-based functional biomaterials have attracted widespread interest due to their inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and structural tunability. Among functional biomaterials, piezoelectric materials are particularly valuable for developing self-powered biodevices in biomedical applications. However, peptide-based piezoresponsive systems remain largely underexplored. In this study, we present a chromophore-conjugated peptide (PEP-A) that self-assembles into nanomaterials exhibiting either piezo-active or inactive states, with the functional behaviour closely linked to their chiroptical properties under different solvent conditions. Through a comprehensive investigation involving spectroscopy, microscopy, and atomistic simulations, we uncover how cosolvent-induced modulation of the self-assembly process co-governs chiroptical and piezoelectric properties. Interestingly, PEP-A forms elongated nanofibers in pure water that are both chiroptically and piezoelectrically inactive. However, the introduction of a minimal amount of cosolvent (1% DMSO or 1% DMF) triggers the emergence of supramolecular chirality alongside a significant piezoresponse, revealing a direct correlation between macroscopic chirality and piezoelectric functionality. Our findings highlight how subtle changes in the assembly environment can drive profound shifts in material properties, offering a powerful strategy to design responsive piezoelectric biomaterials. This study provides a novel approach to designing next-generation, responsive, peptide-based piezoelectric biomaterials for biomedical and bioelectronic applications.

The photoluminescence of photoacids in supramolecular assemblies provides crucial insights into proton transfer (PT) processes within biologically relevant confinement. In this work, we present a strategy to activate intermolecular excited-state PT within the hydrophobic cavities of cyclodextrin-based nanotubes. Activation is achieved using a specifically designed amphoteric emitter which undergoes a pKa inversion in the photoexcited state. Despite this photophysical behavior, intramolecular PT does not occur due to the spatial separation between the proton donor and acceptor sites in the compound. However, in the presence of γ-cyclodextrin, the photoacid assembles into guest pairs, enabling pre-organized PT between neighboring molecules. The effects of confinement on photostability, emission lifetime, and quantum yield indicate a mechanistic shift from excited-state protolytic dissociation to intermolecular excited-state PT. Spectroscopic investigation of the assembly mechanism and solvent isotope effect further supports the role of a template effect, reminiscent of enzymatic activation, in facilitating PT in the excited state.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is one of the most pervasive environmental threats to biological interfaces, driving protein denaturation, structural weakening, and oxidative stress that collectively deteriorate the quality of skin and hair. Despite their widespread use, conventional UV filters are hindered by poor coatability, photoinstability, and safety concerns, underscoring the need for fundamentally new protection strategies. Herein, we report a bioderived melanoidin/tannic acid (MD/TA) nanocomplex that self-assembles into a robust photoprotective coating through synergistic interactions with polyphenols. By leveraging the intrinsic UVA absorption of melanoidin, the broad-spectrum UV shielding of tannic acid, radical-scavenging activity, and interfacial binding, the MD/TA complex forms uniform, durable, and antioxidant-active layers on hair fibers. Beyond surface protection, the coating reprograms oxidative stress responses by suppressing ROS accumulation, thereby restoring cuticle integrity and enhancing tensile resilience. At the molecular level, it activates endogenous antioxidant pathways (SOD2, CAT) while attenuating apoptosis and inflammatory cascades (TNF-α, IL-1β) in the presence of UV irradiation. This work establishes a biocompatible, multifunctional photoprotective platform that transcends the limitations of conventional filters by combining durable adhesion with molecular-level antioxidant reprogramming. Thus, the MD/TA nanocomplex exemplifies a synergistic, bio-inspired strategy for long-lasting hair protection against UV-induced oxidative damage.

γδ T cells possess significant anti-tumor potential; however, the expression of immune checkpoint molecules on tumor cells often leads to functional exhaustion of these T cells, resulting in variable outcomes in clinical trials. Targeting these immune checkpoints may alleviate the inhibitory effects of the tumor microenvironment on γδ T cell functionality. In this study, we developed a PD-L1-targeting peptide conjugated with maleimide, facilitating self-assembly on the surface of γδ T cells to form fibrous structures via Michael addition reactions with thiol groups on the cell membrane. Our findings demonstrate that this peptide effectively binds and self-assembles without impairing the proliferation or effector functions of γδ T cells. Notably, peptide-modified γδ T cells exhibited enhanced cytotoxic activity against tumor cells in vitro and significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, these modified γδ T cells promoted the infiltration of CD8+ T cells and M1 macrophages into the tumor microenvironment. These results indicate that peptide-modified γδ T cells not only inhibit tumor progression but also mitigate the suppressive effects of the tumor microenvironment, thereby enhancing the synergistic anti-tumor responses of other immune cells. This research presents a straightforward and effective strategy for improving the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and augmenting the anti-tumor efficacy of γδ T cells.

Rapid and specific detection of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is critical for improving heart-failure diagnosis. In this study, a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) recognizing NT-proBNP and incorporating a gold-assembling linker (C12AP) was engineered and affinity-matured to enhance binding performance for gold-surface biosensing applications. Structure-guided docking of the C12AP-NT-proBNP complex informed semirational mutagenesis targeting residues D110 in VH-CDR3 and Y174 in VL-CDR1. Twenty-two scFv variants were expressed in Escherichia coli and functionally screened by ELISA using NT-proBNP as the analyte, human serum albumin as a specificity control, and the parental C12AP as a normalization reference. Eight variants were purified for quantitative biophysical evaluation. Microscale thermophoresis identified variant D110-57 as exhibiting significantly improved affinity relative to C12AP (p = 0.0174). Consistent with this result, molecular docking predicted a more favorable binding free energy for D110-57 (-254 kcal·mol-1) compared with C12AP (-209.6 kcal·mol-1), accompanied by additional stabilizing interactions involving VH-CDR2 and VL-CDR3. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the structural stability of the protein-ligand complexes, with both C12AP and D110-57 systems reaching equilibrium after ∼40 ns. Dynamic analyses revealed that key residues, particularly Asp110, undergo adaptive hydrogen bonding and salt bridge rearrangements, contributing to stable ligand coordination. To assess performance under biosensor-relevant conditions, surface plasmon resonance imaging was conducted using directed immobilization mediated by a histidine/serine-rich gold-assembling linker and a C-terminal His-tag. D110-57 exhibited concentration-dependent binding to NT-proBNP after immobilization on the gold surface. Kinetic analysis yielded a comparable K D value to that of the parental C12AP. Moreover, the variant maintained specificity, showing negligible cross-reactivity toward other natriuretic peptides. These results demonstrated that D110-57 combines enhanced affinity, preserved specificity, and compatibility with gold-surface immobilization, supporting its application as a recognition element for NT-proBNP biosensors.

Stem cell-based models resembling murine blastocysts represent a useful system to investigate subsequent developmental processes. While existing cell lines derived from epiblast and trophectoderm can be aggregated to form 'blastoids', some previously tested in vitro cultured extraembryonic endoderm cells tended to progress to later stages of development, so integrated inefficiently into blastoids. We attempted to capture the precursor population for extraembryonic endoderm in vitro by reproducing the mechanical environment of the in vivo peri-implantation embryo as closely as possible. We investigated expression of candidate cell adhesion receptor integrins in the blastocyst inner cell mass, and from this information we assembled an extracellular matrix intended to support primitive endoderm growth by promoting signalling pathways responsible for specification of this lineage. In addition, inner cell mass cells from blastocysts were plated on soft or stiff substrates to investigate whether an appropriate mechano-environment could enhance their self-renewal as primitive endoderm in culture. We could expand nascent primitive endoderm cell lines over several passages, which provided a reproducible, albeit short-term, system sufficient to identify some essential requirements for early primitive endoderm expansion and function.

The pursuit of high-energy solid-state lithium metal batteries (ssLMBs) is challenging, due to the sluggish ion transport in solid electrolytes and unstable electrode-electrolyte interfaces. Herein, we showcase regulating Li+ solid-state coordination as a feasible strategy. By constructing Li+ coordination with poly-1,3-dioxolane chains and anions, an in situ polymerized solid electrolyte (PDTE) is obtained with an ionic conductivity of 1.45 mS cm-1, Li+ transference number of 0.67, and high interfacial compatibility. As the bifunctional promoter, it alleviates Li+ hopping barriers via the ligand-field effects and establishes the conformal solid/cathode-electrolyte interfaces. Its derived Li|PDTE|LiFePO4 ssLMBs maintains cycling for over 1000 cycles at 2 C with 92.5% retention in capacity, and at the fast-charging rate up to 20 C. When coupled with a LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode, PDTE further showcases promises in stable operation under a wide voltage window from 2.8 to 4.5 V and a low-temperature range down to -20 °C. Toward practical promises, 5.7 Ah solid-state pouch cells are further assembled with an energy density of 513 Wh kg-1 and the elevated safety for thermal runaway.

High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is the gold-standard technique for comprehensively profiling chemical exposures in complex human matrices, making it a powerful analytical tool for advancing human exposome research. Yet the scarcity of HRMS reference data, including collision cross-section (CCS) measurements from ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) and MS/MS fragmentation spectra, hinders confident structural annotation of chemical exposure agents across laboratories. We therefore developed ToxBase, a multidimensional (m/z, retention time, CCS, MS/MS) reference database for over 2,000 chemicals sourced from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's ToxCast chemical library. Built via high-throughput liquid chromatography-ion mobility-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-IM-MS/MS), the ToxBase database comprises 3,598 precursor ions spanning 2,075 unique compounds with excellent precision (98.5% of compounds display interday CCS RSDs < 1%) and strong cross-platform agreement. A high-quality MS/MS reference library of the fragmented precursors was assembled using targeted data-dependent acquisition and DDARawProcessor, a novel data extraction algorithm. When applied to LC-IM-MS/MS data obtained from human plasma, urine, and fecal samples (n = 20 per matrix), ToxBase rapidly enabled 42 high-confidence (Level 1) identifications. The ToxBase database is freely available and compatible with the open-source MS data processing platform Skyline for vendor-agnostic suspect screening workflows, providing a valuable resource for standardized, large-scale exposome analysis.

Diverse bacterial species utilize surface appendages called type IV pili (T4P) to interact with their environment. These structures are dynamically extended and retracted from the cell surface, which is critical for diverse functions. Some T4P systems rely on two distinct motor ATPases, PilT and PilU, whose combined activities are required to power forceful T4P retraction. However, the mechanism by which these motors coordinate to facilitate T4P retraction has remained unclear. Here, we utilize the competence T4P in Vibrio cholerae as a model system to elucidate the molecular basis for PilT-PilU coordination during T4P retraction. Specifically, we modeled the interactions between PilT and PilU using AlphaFold 3 and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We then empirically tested these models using a combination of cytological and high-resolution genetic approaches. Our results reveal that interactions between PilT and the PilU C-terminus are critical for these motors to coordinate to drive T4P retraction. Finally, we show that PilT-PilU interactions are broadly conserved in T4P systems from diverse bacterial species, and we experimentally validate that they are required for T4P retraction in Acinetobacter baylyi. Together, this work expands our fundamental understanding of T4P dynamics, and more broadly it provides mechanistic insight into how these ATPases coordinate to assemble some of the strongest biological motors in nature.

Rice false smut (RFS), caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (teleomorph: Villosiclava virens), has emerged as a major global threat to rice production, causing reductions in yield, grain quality, and market value. Although first reported in India in the 1870s, genomic resources for this pathogen remain limited, constraining efforts toward understanding pathogen diversity and developing effective disease management strategies. In the present study, a high-quality whole-genome sequence of the Eastern Indian U. virens isolate NRRI-FSM-1 was generated and analyzed. Comparative whole-genome sequence (WGS) analysis was further performed using six U. virens strains to investigate genomic diversity, structural variation, and candidate pathogenicity-related features. The assembled NRRI-FSM-1 genome was 36.3 Mb in size, comprising 985 scaffolds with an N50 of 5,781,932 bp. A total of 328,782 variants were identified, including 302,430 SNPs, 13,224 insertions, and 13,128 deletions. Additionally, 5,977 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 9,257 protein-coding genes were identified, representing the highest number of predicted genes reported so far among false smut genomes. Comparative genomics revealed substantial genomic diversity among the six strains, including variation in candidate effector repertoires, gene content, and population structure at both global and intra-Indian levels. Notably, significant diversity was observed among Indian strains, indicating considerable genomic variation across geographical regions. These findings expand the pathogenomic resource base for U. virens in India and globally, and provide insights into genome evolution and genetic plasticity in this important rice pathogen. The generated genomic resource establishes a foundation for future studies on pathogen surveillance, virulence mechanisms, and molecular breeding strategies for rice false smut management.

Hematologic malignancies (HM) are a group of malignant clonal diseases that pose significant treatment challenges and adversely impact patient survival and quality of life. This study aimed to develop a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program specifically for HM patients and to refine it for application in China. A research team comprised of nursing directors, psychology experts, and other professionals was established, and then a literature review was conducted to assemble information needed to develop the MBSR intervention protocol. Following this, a Delphi expert consultation plan, consisting of two rounds of expert consultations, was carried out to evaluate and refine the MBSR intervention protocol. A total of 15 hematologic disease experts and 15 psychology experts participated in the Delphi expert consultations, with a 100% questionnaire response rate achieved in both rounds. The results of the expert consultations indicated a progressive convergence of expert opinions, with calculated Expert Judgment Basis, Familiarity with Content, and Expert Authority Coefficient values of 0.882, 0.809, and 0.846 in the first round, and 0.92, 0.83, and 0.875 in the second round, respectively. The finalized content contains 2 primary, 9 secondary, and 27 tertiary items. This study developed an MBSR intervention program for patients with HM using the Delphi method for evaluation and refinement through expert consultations. The standardized program provides effective psychological support and physiological adjustment strategies for Chinese patients with HM, and offers a practical protocol for integration into clinical and psychosocial oncology care in China.

Only a minority of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-infected individuals progress along Correa's cascade, and classical virulence markers do not fully explain this heterogeneity, motivating genome-wide approaches to quantify strain-level genomic risk associated with advanced lesions. We assembled 528 high-quality H. pylori whole-genome sequences spanning nonatrophic gastritis (NAG), atrophic gastritis (AG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), and gastric cancer (GC) and performed bacterial genome-wide association analyses with explicit adjustment for population structure. We then integrated advanced lesions-associated variants into a random forest model to derive an H. pylori Genomic Risk Score (HpRS), defined as the predicted probability that a strain is associated with advanced lesions (IM/GC) vs. nonadvanced lesions (NAG/AG). Despite phylogenetic analyses revealing that genome-wide clustering was primarily driven by geographic lineage rather than disease stage, HpRS achieved strong discrimination in repeated cross-validation (mean AUC = 0.902, 95% CI: 0.892 to 0.912), remained discriminatory in an internal held-out set (AUC = 0.780), and generalized to two independent cohorts (Bacterial and Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center (BV-BRC): AUC = 0.871; hospital cohort distinguishing IM vs. NAG/AG: AUC = 0.843). Predictive single-nucleotide polymorphisms mapped mainly to core functions (DNA repair, translation, and central and lipid metabolism) and often affected conserved domains, suggesting a polygenic architecture and generating testable functional hypotheses. HpRS provides a proof-of-principle framework for strain-aware risk stratification and may complement future gastric cancer prevention strategies.

Nickel hydroxide, Ni(OH)2, is regarded as an attractive electrode material for supercapacitors, owing to its high theoretical specific capacitance, low cost, and facile preparation. However, its capacitive performance is limited by low conductivity, sluggish ion diffusion kinetics, and poor structural stability. In this work, we systematically regulate the nanostructure of NiCo2O4/Ni(OH)2 composites, which significantly enhances the capacitive properties of Ni(OH)2, providing a promising energy storage material for photorechargeable devices. The nanorod-structured NiCo2O4 with a high specific surface area facilitates rapid electron transfer and provides abundant sites for Ni(OH)2 loading. Notably, the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-induced porous Ni(OH)2 grows continuously and uniformly over the NiCo2O4 framework, allowing more materials to be utilized for energy storage. Furthermore, the robust NiCo2O4 nanorods serve as a structural backbone, effectively suppressing the pulverization and detachment of the Ni(OH)2 during prolonged cycling. The results show that the composite electrodes exhibit a specific capacitance of 2170.22 F/g (301.42 mAh/g) at 1 A/g and a capacitance retention of 82.3% at 20 A/g, with the assembled supercapacitor maintaining 91.94% of its initial capacitance after 6000 cycles at 2 A/g. Benefiting from the improved performance, particularly the rate capability, the resulting photorechargeable supercapacitors achieve a solar-to-electrochemical energy efficiency of 16.21%. This study provides a nanostructure engineering strategy for improving the capacitive behaviors of materials, advancing high-performance photorechargeable devices.

World Trade Center (WTC) responders were exposed to carcinogens during rescue, recovery, and cleanup operations following September 11th, 2001. Although responders have elevated risk of various primary cancers, they may also have an increased risk of second primary cancers. This study evaluates the incidence of multiple primary cancers among male responders compared with a population-based cohort. We assembled a cohort of male WTC general responders with cancer diagnosed between 2002-2022 and compared them with male cancer patients from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) diagnosed during the same period. Crude and age-standardized proportion ratios (PRs) were used to compare the occurrence of multiple primary cancers between cohorts. Among 4,815 WTC responders, we observed higher age-standardized proportion of multiple primary cancers than among 3,376,402 SEER patients (Proportion Ratio [PR] = 1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.61-2.11). The proportion of multiple primary cancers was higher among younger WTC responders than SEER patients (20-44 years: PR = 3.76; 95% CI: 3.04-4.67; 45-54 years: PR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.17-1.58), while responders aged 65+ had lower proportions (PR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.65-0.96). Male WTC responders experience a higher burden of multiple primary cancers than the general U.S. population, particularly at younger ages, highlighting multiple primary cancers as an underrecognized consequence of WTC exposure. Enhanced cancer monitoring strategies may be warranted for WTC responders and other populations that have been similarly exposed.

The demand for lightweight and high-strength bio-based sustainable structural materials in food is increasing. However, assembling cellulose microfibers (CMFs) into dense bioplastics with high performance remains challenging because of their strong association with water. In this study, a novel sustainable bioplastic (PMHL) was fabricated from phosphorylated CMFs by combining dual crosslinking strategy (organic acid crosslinking and ionic crosslinking) with hot-press molding. This approach markedly accelerated the assembly of phosphorylated CMFs, reducing the dehydration time by 33.8% and the required pressure by 60.0%. Notably, PMHL exhibited outstanding mechanical performance, with a flexural strength of 321.3&#x202f;MPa and a flexural modulus of 23.1&#x202f;GPa, representing 5.65 fold and 15.38 fold increases, respectively, compared with commercial petroleum-based plastics. In addition, PMHL showed good thermal stability, with a coefficient of thermal expansion of only 5&#x202f;&#xd7;&#x202f;10-6&#x202f;K-1, which was advantageous relative to cellulose-based materials. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of PMHL reached 48.4%, indicating its classification as a difficult-to-ignite material. Compared with the cellulose source, the LOI of PMHL was increased by 2.1 fold, which could be attributed to the dual-crosslinking strategy that promotes the formation of graphitic carbon in the char residue. In addition, PMHL exhibited partial natural biodegradation over a period of 70 d. Given its functionality, processability, and sustainability, PMHL is expected to be a promising candidate to replace conventional petroleum-based plastics.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) assembles its viral envelope at the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC), yet the minimal molecular requirements for forming a stable viral envelope remain unclear. Here, we used coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to systematically examine how protein and lipid compositions and protein orientation influence membrane remodeling during viral envelope formation. Starting from bicelle membrane patches, we compared lipid-only systems and membranes containing the matrix (M) and spike (S) proteins under different lipid environments and orientations. Lipid-only membranes closed stochastically, whereas systems containing either M or S proteins reliably formed vesicles but failed to establish correct membrane topology. In contrast, systems containing both M and S proteins in heterogeneous ERGIC-like lipid mixtures consistently produced stable vesicles with correct topology. Mechanistic analyses revealed that protein orientation modulates membrane curvature generation and cholesterol redistribution, while persistent M-S contacts organize protein positioning during closure. Disrupting any of these interactions resulted in failed closure or severely deformed structures. Together, these results support an obligate-synergy model in which three interaction classes&#x2500;M-S protein-protein contacts, M-lipid interactions, and S-lipid interactions&#x2500;cooperate to drive robust coronavirus envelope assembly. These findings identify minimal physical requirements for viral envelope formation and provide mechanistic insights that may guide the rational design of coronavirus virus-like particle (VLP) assembly systems.

Rapid glycophenotyping is often limited by biofouling, reliance on complex, multistep labeling, and poor access to living cell surfaces. Here, however, we introduce a glycocalyx-mimetic electrochemical interface that converts lectin-glycan binding into multiplex electrical signals. We coat gold electrodes with a self-assembled brush of lubricin (PRG4), whose densely O-glycosylated mucin domains present tumor-associated truncated O-glycans that serve as linkers to the lectins, our recognition elements. Embedding six lectins within lubricin enables orthogonal recognition of Gal-GalNAc-terminated oligosaccharides. In an electrochemical culture-plate format, the resulting sensor supports real-time, in situ glycophenotyping of melanoma cells, achieving quantitative agreement to a conventional, end point, lectin microarray. This glycocalyx-mimetic transducer thus enables the rapid, label-free screening of lectin-glycan interactions and the profiling of diagnostically relevant, tumor-associated glycans.

Multivariate assessment profiles contain two conceptually distinct sources of variation: overall level and profile shape. Existing approaches recover some aspects of this structure, but none jointly establishes the replicability of latent pattern dimensions and provides a principled, population-referenced summary of person profile differentiation independent of overall level. We introduce the Aggregated Latent Profile Index (ALPI), a variance-weighted Euclidean distance that quantifies the degree to which an individual's profile departs from a flat population reference within a bootstrap-validated latent profile space. ALPI is derived from the Aggregated Latent Profile Space (ALPS), a framework that combines parallel analysis with bootstrap stability diagnostics - principal angles between subspaces and Tucker's congruence coefficients - to identify replicable latent pattern dimensions, then assembles the retained dimensions into a K-dimensional latent space through singular value decomposition, into which individuals and variables are jointly projected. In a simulation benchmark, ALPS recovered the known four-factor population structure as three replicable ipsatized pattern dimensions, confirming that the pipeline performs as intended when the true structure is known. In an application to normative WAIS-IV data (n = 900), ALPS identified a stable three-dimensional pattern space, and ALPI distinguished individuals with identical Full-Scale IQ - ranging from the 7th to the 85th percentile - on the basis of their ipsatized subtest configurations. ALPI provides assessment researchers and clinicians with a single, measurement-principled index of person profile differentiation that is grounded in replicable latent structure and independent of overall score level.

Buccal drug delivery offers a non-invasive and patient-friendly alternative to conventional oral administration because of its rapid onset of action and capacity to avoid hepatic first-pass metabolism. However, drugs' poor water solubility, quick salivary clearance, enzymatic degradation, and brief mucosal residence times frequently limit their therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability. In recent years, mucoadhesive-amphiphilic polymers have emerged as a potential remedy for these associated issues. Mucoadhesive polymers extend their stay at the buccal mucosa through hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and chain interpenetration with mucin glycoproteins, whereas amphiphilic modification adds hydrophobic domains that can solubilize and preserve weakly water-soluble medications. The mechanisms underlying mucoadhesion, how to impart amphiphilicity to natural biopolymers such as chitosan, pectin, alginate, pullulan, carrageenan, and gum, and how these biopolymers self-assemble into useful nanostructures such as hydrogels, micelles, nanogels, nanoparticles, and fast-dissolving oral films are all critically examined. Mucoadhesion and amphiphilicity work together to enhance drug solubilization, regulate release, prolong mucosal retention, and promote transmucosal penetration. Research has demonstrated a three to five-fold increase in the bioavailability of drugs like ibuprofen, paclitaxel, curcumin, and melatonin. Translational aspects like pharmacokinetic performance, biocompatibility, green production, and regulatory acceptability are also discussed. All things considered, mucoadhesive-amphiphilic biopolymers provide a scalable and adaptable foundation for upcoming oral and buccal drug delivery systems designed to get around permeability and solubility limitations.