搜索结果：announced

While estimates of donor-provided resources for maternal health and family planning are readily available, government and household spending on these activities is limited. This study aims to generate comprehensive estimates of spending on maternal health and family planning for 139 low- and middle-income countries. Data sources used to generate the spending estimates include data from WHO National Health Accounts (NHA), Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation's Financing Global Health database, TRACK20's family planning spending assessment and Family Planning (FP) 2030's annual reports. We used spatio-temporal Gaussian regression modelling techniques to generate a complete series of historic estimates. For estimates of future spending, we focused solely on expected donor spending and based estimates on total development assistance for health that accounted for announced cuts in aid. In 2022, total spending on maternal health and family planning across 139 low- and middle-income countries was $35.6 billion (95% uncertainty interval of US$31.0-$41.0 billion) and US$14.1 billion (US$12.4-$17.2 billion), of which $10.7 billion (US$9.0-$12.8 billion) and US$8.8 billion (US$8.8-8.9 billion) was spending in China. By 2030, total donor funding provided for maternal health across the countries included in this study is projected to reach $505.0 million (compared with US$470.4 million in 2000), while total donor funding for family planning is projected to be $349.2 million (compared with US$929.4 million in 2000). Aid cuts announced in 2025 will likely exacerbate the gap between available funding and need unless national governments of impacted countries proactively respond.

On April 20, 2026, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration FDA published a 1-year progress report of its initiative to reduce animal testing requirement in drug development. The FDA roadmap, announced on April 10, 2025, represented a pivotal paradigm shift toward human-centric New Approach Methodologies (NAMs), including stem cell-derived organoids, organs-on-chips, in silico modeling, and AI-enabled tools. The aim is to address the longstanding challenges of conventional preclinical safety assessment using animal models, including poor translational predictability, high cost, ethical concerns, and inherent interspecies biological differences, resulting in high clinical attrition and delayed access to effective therapies. In this commentary, we critically evaluate the scientific rationale, first-year implementation progress, and global regulatory impact of the FDA initiative. We highlight landmark advances including the permanent Innovative Science and Technology Approaches for New Drugs (ISTAND) program, human-centric validation principles, streamlined nonclinical frameworks for biologics, and alignment with global agencies and regulators. We also discuss existing, persistent challenges, such as uneven validation across toxicological endpoints, incomplete global data sharing, and cultural inertia, and propose actionable strategies to accelerate the safe, systematic adoption of NAMs in regenerative medicine and drug development.

The successful landscape of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) treatments has revolutionized our conceptualization of the disease. This led to a shifting interest towards finding ways of stopping neurodegeneration in progressive MS. The past decade brought us lots of new definitions, such as compartmentalized inflammation, progression free of relapsing activity and the proposal of MS as a disease continuum. It also brought novel therapeutic candidates, the Bruton´s Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors. Unfortunately, the results (reported and announced) of clinical trials in progressive MS have been underwhelming. A recurring theme that may explain the current state of the field is the handling of classical inflammatory "relapsing biology" in progressive MS populations. Although co-pathology of these processes along with neurodegeneration is expected, the time is ripe to take progressive biology seriously.

The Bundibugyo virus is one of the viruses in the genus Orthoebolavirus and was first identified in 2007 during an Ebola outbreak in the Bundibugyo District of western Uganda. In early May 2026, the World Health Organization (WHO) was alerted to an outbreak of Bundibugyo virus in the Ituri province of north-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), with cases also reported in the nearby North Kivu and South Kivu provinces, and some imported cases with limited local transmission in Uganda. On May 17, 2026, the WHO declared the ongoing outbreak of Ebola disease caused by the Bundibugyo virus a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). The latest WHO data on June 19, 2026, showed that by June 17, 2026, the cumulative number of confirmed cases had risen to 896, including 232 deaths (a fatality rate of 26%), indicating that supportive treatments alone were not reducing mortality. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines with a specific indication for the prevention of Bundibugyo virus infection. On June 1st, 2026, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) announced its recommendations to urgently accelerate the development of three investigational vaccines targeting the Bundibugyo Ebola virus, including the candidate vaccine, ChAdOx1 BDBV. On June 3, 2026, the European Medicines Agency (EMA), the African Medicines Agency (AMA), and African regulatory authorities issued a joint response to the ongoing Ebola outbreak in the DRC and Uganda, drawing on expertise from the WHO-AFRO African Vaccines Regulatory Forum (AVAREF). This editorial provides background on the current acceleration in vaccine development and the urgency of this response.

Supporters of a recently announced normative turn in sociology acknowledge that what they recommend is by no means entirely new. However, they have given little attention to an early precursor: the British sociologist Leonard Hobhouse. He focussed on the role of the normative in social life and insisted that sociology could, and must, play an active role in realising progressive values. Furthermore, like some more recent advocates of normative sociology, he insisted on the key role that philosophy plays in grounding the values underpinning it. In fact, he developed an elaborate philosophical system, one which illustrates the challenging requirements that any normative sociology must satisfy, and the problems it faces in doing this. I argue that, despite the encyclopaedic knowledge and extraordinary ingenuity displayed in Hobhouse's work, he fails to provide a sound basis for a normative sociology and that his work raises questions about the likely success of any such project.

One of the world's most significant challenges is antimicrobial resistance. The WHO agreed to tackle the threat of antibiotic resistance globally. The CDC announced in 2013 that the human race is now in the "post-antibiotic period." In 2014, the WHO warned that the problem of antibiotic resistance is becoming more and more severe. To assess the population's knowledge and attitudes toward antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance in Riyadh region. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Primary health care centers (PHC) in four regions of Riyadh (North, East, South, and West). A random sample of 639 patients/visitors was selected in each region by stratified random sampling. Data were collected through Self-administered, closed-type questionnaires, which were analyzed by Chi-square and relative risk calculation. Results: Sixty-five percent of participants had insufficient knowledge about antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance. Twenty-four percent of participants had negative attitudes toward antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance. The research results conclude that the Riyadh Community possibly has a high percentage of insufficient antibiotic awareness. The results may benefit the Health Education Specialists in preparing a suitable intervention to enhance the use of antibiotics in the future among patients or help Specialists in Health Promotion to establish educational programs aimed at HCWs to help them prompt their method of delivering information to the public, as they are the source of information for the community.

In February 2024, the South Korean government announced plans to increase medical school enrollment by 2000 students to address physician shortages, prompting opposition from the medical community. More than 90% of trainee physicians joined a nationwide walkout that continued through August 2025, but its systemwide implications remain unclear. To examine the association of the trainee physicians' walkout with mortality, health care use, and spending patterns in South Korea. This retrospective cohort study used nationwide health insurance claims data and a historical-control event-study design. Data from 200 teaching hospitals before and after the walkout in week 8 of 2024 were compared, using October 2023 to September 2024 as the exposed year and October 2022 to September 2023 as the historical control. The primary outcomes were mortality, health care use, and spending per encounter measured weekly at the hospital level. The association between the trainee physicians' walkout and hospital-level outcomes was assessed using a group-time average treatment effect framework. The analysis included 7 719 828 patients with inpatient admissions (3 520 242 [45.6%] aged ≥65 years; 3 883 073 [50.3%] female) and 41 891 392 with outpatient visits (17 552 493 [41.9%] aged ≥65 years; 21 992 981 [52.5%] female). The walkout was associated with a 0.008-percentage point increase in weekly mortality among hospital users (95% CI, 0.000 to 0.015 percentage points) and a 0.39-percentage point increase in 30-day mortality after hospitalization (95% CI, 0.24 to 0.54 percentage points), concentrated among admissions for general conditions. These associations were largest early in the walkout and attenuated over time. The walkout was associated with reductions in both inpatient and outpatient use, with a larger relative decline for inpatient care (decrease of 19.2 hospitalizations per 10 million people; 95% CI, -24.1 to -14.3 per 10 million people [-17.3%] vs decrease of 158 outpatient visits per 10 million people; 95% CI, -198 to -118 visits [-8.6%]), and with higher mean spending per hospitalization (US $301; 95% CI, $202-$399). Hospitalizations for general conditions showed the largest relative decline in service volume (-23.5%) and the greatest increase in mean spending per hospitalization (US $242; 95% CI, $108 to $375), whereas mortality, use, and spending for complex conditions remained stable. Little evidence of care shifting to nonteaching hospitals was found. In this retrospective cohort study of teaching hospitals in South Korea, the trainee physicians' walkout was associated with small, short-term increases in mortality, reductions in hospital use, and higher spending per encounter, concentrated among admissions for general conditions. Outcomes for complex conditions were largely unchanged, suggesting that teaching hospitals prioritized high-acuity care. Rapid hospital and governmental responses may have helped limit harm and support resource allocation.

In March 2021, the Biden administration announced the Advancing Health Literacy to Enhance Equitable Community Responses to COVID-19 initiative that encouraged local and state governments, as well as other public entities to apply for funding to improve COVID-19 prevention behaviors and vaccination among underserved populations in the United States. The initiative specifically called for projects to adopt an approach that included health literacy as described in Healthy People 2030 and the National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health and Health Care (NCLAS). The City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health (CUNY SPH) and New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (NYC Health Department) worked together to identify the approach most suitable for improving COVID-19 prevention behaviors in communities in NYC that were disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. Given the role of community-based organizations (CBOs) in COVID-19 information dissemination, personal protective equipment distribution, and filling social services gaps such as food distribution, the approach included augmenting community-based organizations' skills for doing this work primarily via improving their organizational health literacy and their NCLAS practices. This paper describes the implementation of the Community-based Initiative for Health Literacy and Action (CIHLA). From March 2022 to June 2024, CUNY SPH and NYC Health Department worked with four community-based organizations that served four Black, Indigenous, and people of color neighborhoods disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 in NYC to build their organizational health literacy and NCLAS practices to improve their capacity to meet the needs of their communities. The approach included the development of a health literacy plan, didactics such as workshops and communities of practices, and a quality improvement process using the Plan-Do-Study-Act model where plans for improvement were introduced and changes were tested at rapid rates. This paper describes the implementation of CIHLA and lessons learned that may be helpful to other researchers and practitioners applying organizational health literacy principles and interventions in community settings to address health inequities.

In 2021, the Alliance of Dietetic Regulatory Bodies in Canada announced they were outsourcing accreditation of dietetics education programs to a third-party provider. Educators questioned the lack of due diligence in exploring alternatives, limited involvement from the profession, minimal inclusion of dietetics expertise within the selected accreditation body, and the absence of mechanisms to monitor and assess the new accreditation process. This commentary shares the views of two dietetic educators who identify the key stakeholders involved, describe enablers that likely contributed to the regulator's decision to pursue this path, including national and provincial boundary confusion, problematic conflict of interest procedures, rejection of consensus decision-making models, and intellectual property challenges, and call on dietitian colleagues to advocate for dialogue and change.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen radioligand therapy (PSMA-RLT) is approved for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Following the phase 3 VISION clinical trial showing prolonged overall and progression-free survival after PSMA-RLT, 177Lu-PSMA-617 was initially introduced as a standard of care for patients with mCRPC with prior exposure to an androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPI) and taxane chemotherapy. In recent years, three phase 3 clinical trials with published, presented, or announced results (PSMAfore, SPLASH, and ECLIPSE, respectively) have shown that PSMA-RLT delays progression-free survival when compared with a change in ARPI in patients with post-ARPI, chemotherapy-naive mCRPC. This mini-review summarizes the available results from these phase 3 trials and select randomized phase 2 trials and discusses their impact on mCRPC management and optimal sequencing of PSMA-RLT. PATIENT SUMMARY: PSMA-RLT is a targeted radioactive drug that prolongs the lives of patients living with advanced prostate cancer when given after chemotherapy. PSMA-RLT has also been shown to delay cancer progression in patients who have not received any chemotherapy, making it an emerging option for those who are not eligible for chemotherapy.

On August 8, 2025, Arvinas and Pfizer announced that the FDA had accepted the NDA for vepdegestrant (ARV-471, PF-07850327) for the treatment of patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) and ESR1-mutated advanced or metastatic breast cancer who have previously received endocrine-based therapy. The FDA has assigned a Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) action date of June 5, 2026. Vepdegestrant, a first-in-class oral PROTAC ® estrogen receptor (ER) degrader, is a heterobifunctional molecule. It consists of an ER-binding moiety derived from lasofoxifene, a cereblon (CRBN)-targeting ligand based on lenalidomide, and a rigid N-containing heterocycle linker. This structure enables selective recruitment of the E3 ubiquitin ligase CRBN to ER, driving ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.

Fully automated insulin delivery (FAID) systems aim to regulate blood glucose levels in individuals with type 1 diabetes with minimal user input. A key challenge to achieving full automation is the need for manual meal announcements. This review focuses on algorithms developed to detect and compensate for unannounced meals. A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science (2000 - 2025), and the review was reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. From 1205 initially retrieved articles, 69 studies met predefined eligibility criteria and were included in the final review. Extracted data included algorithm type, data source (in-silico or clinical), performance metrics, and glycemic outcomes where available. The reviewed algorithms include heuristic rule-based methods, machine learning models, and control systems theory approaches. While varying in complexity and detection strategies, these approaches aim to identify meal events and estimate carbohydrate intake for timely insulin dosing. Median performance across studies included a sensitivity of 88%, precision of 93%, and detection times ranging from 25 to 40 minutes. In-silico evaluations generally reported more false positives than in-vivo. Reported glycemic outcomes demonstrated time-in-range values between 65% and 89%, highlighting the potential of these systems to support fully autonomous glucose regulation. Automated meal detection and compensation algorithms show promise for integration into FAID systems, with encouraging detection performance and glycemic outcomes. However, the evidence remains heterogeneous, and a substantial portion is still based on in-silico studies rather than clinical validation. Challenges remain in minimizing false positives, ensuring generalizability across populations, and validating performance in real-word settings.

Low-dose CT (LDCT) lung cancer screening (LCS) in high-risk patients has shown potential in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2019, the UK National Health Service announced rollout of the Targeted Lung Health Check programme (TLHC) following a successful pilot offering individuals between 55 and 74 years of age who have ever smoked an appointment with a health professional, which may lead to a LDCT referral depending on their risk of developing lung cancer from modelling. In view of expansion of LCS with LDCT, it is paramount that radiologists who participant in screening are adequately qualified and properly trained. To ensure the radiology reporting for an expanding programme remains clinically and cost effective, reporters must engage with nationally-set quality assurance policies. This review article aims to summarise the current individual performance against set thresholds for referral rates for actionable lung nodules and incidental findings, the current process for national external quality assurance and provides suggestions for how these facets can be merged with near-real time double-read quality assurance. We summarise processes to identify reporting outliers and provide targeted feedback to improve reporter-level performance to ensure robustness of a national lung screening programme. (191 words).

Y. Li, Y. Shi, J. Chen, B. Cai, B. Ying, and L. Wang, "Association of Polymorphisms in Interleukin-18 and Interleukin-28B with Hepatitis B Recurrence after Liver Transplantation in Chinese Han Population," International Journal of Immunogenetics 39, no. 4 (2012): 346-352, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2012.01097.x. This Expression of Concern is for the above article, published online on 10 February 2012 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), and has been issued by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Derek Middleton; and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. A third-party organization contacted the publisher regarding concerns pertaining to deceased donor organ sourcing practices in multiple articles, including this one. Credible reporting has been published widely which indicates that research featuring organ transplantation in China did not comply with international ethics standards. As reported by Rogers et al., organ donations in China were widely sourced from executed prisoners prior to 2010 (Rogers et al., 2019). China officially announced an end to the practice of harvesting organs from executed prisoners on 1 January 2015 (Dai and Xu, 2015). Prior to the official end of the practice, a voluntary organ donation program was piloted in select hospitals from 2010 to 2014 (Huang et al., 2013). The use of harvested organs from prisoners contravenes ethics guidelines that were in place at the time of publication, including guidelines from the Declaration of Helsinki and the Declaration of Istanbul. The Materials and Methods section for this article indicates that relevant donors and patients who underwent liver transplantation at West China Hospital between April 2000 and March 2011 were included in the study. The article states that the study received approval from West China Hospital and that all participants provided informed consent. No information regarding organ donor sources was provided besides details about HBV positivity and donors' genotypes and alleles. Although the Abstract and Materials and Methods both state that donors were enrolled in the study, the authors do not mention that there was any informed consent by donors. Because the majority of liver transplant cases reported in this article likely occurred before the existence of a voluntary organ donation program, serious doubts remain regarding the origins of these donations and the ability of donors to have provided free and willing informed consent in order to participate in this study. The authors did not respond to inquiries made by the publisher. As such, the publisher and editors are not able to verify the institutional review board or ethics committee registration, or the informed consent protocols, for the study. Furthermore, questions remain as to whether the reported organ donations complied with internationally recognized ethical guidelines in place at the time of publication. The journal has decided to issue an Expression of Concern to inform and alert readers.

Illness trends are typically monitored by reportable disease and syndromic surveillance systems, but unanticipated health issues might not be captured. Using diagnosis codes, the New York City Health Department developed a novel data mining process to detect unusual increases in emergency department (ED) visits for any reason. We applied the tree-temporal scan statistic in TreeScan software to ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes for ED visits. We searched for unusual citywide increases in ED visits or hospital admissions, over any recent time period, and at any part of and level on the ICD-10-CM tree. We conducted proof-of-concept analyses for March 2020 when COVID-19 emerged, then investigated signals detected in daily, automated analyses during April-August 2025. If TreeScan analyses had been in place, then increasing hospital admissions for viral pneumonia (J12) would have triggered a signal on March 13, 2020, two days before widespread COVID-19 community transmission was announced. An extreme heat event in June 2025 triggered a signal for admissions for acute kidney failure (N17), prompting outreach to dialysis networks. A sustained signal for hand, foot, and mouth disease (B08.4) prompted outreach to child care programs. Other signals supported situational awareness, including a seasonal increase for swimmer's ear (H60.33) and burns (T30.0) related to consumer fireworks. TreeScan quickly detected credible increases in various diagnoses without pre-specification, from minor to severe, rare to common, acute to sustained, and foreseen to unforeseen. TreeScan can strengthen surveillance for health issues related to new pathogens, non-notifiable conditions, environmental exposures, and mass gatherings.

The Second International Conference on Unconventional Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease and Aging (UAMAA 2026) was held February 9 through 11, 2026, in Irvine, California. Building upon the inaugural meeting in Santiago, Chile (2023), this conference expanded an international effort to develop, characterize, and rigorously evaluate non-traditional animal models with enhanced translational relevance for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and aging research. The meeting convened leading investigators across genomics, systems neuroscience, comparative biology, and pathology to discuss naturally occurring and engineered models including degu (Octodon degus), dog (Canis lupus familiaris), marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber), and emerging large animal species including elephants and whales. A central theme was the need for cross-species integration of multimodal and multi-scale approaches to interrogate cellular vulnerability, gene regulatory programs, and age-associated neuropathology and circuit alterations across species. UAMAA 2026 emphasized cross-species comparison, human brain atlas integration, and translational alignment with National Institutes of Health priorities. The conference highlighted growing momentum toward a diversified model ecosystem aimed at accelerating mechanistic insight and therapeutic discovery in AD and aging research. A special journal issue associated with the conference has been announced to extend these themes into peer-reviewed scientific discourse.

Recently, both Clarivate and Scopus announced improved metrics for the European Journal of Translational Myology (EJTM), bringing its Impact Factor to 2.0 and its CiteScore to 4.1. I am proud of these achievements and share the credit with the entire PAGEpress staff. Furthermore, many organizers and moderators for the "Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine" 2027 (2027 Pd3m) have accepted their roles and proposed improvements for the event, which will take place at the Euganean Thermal Baths (Padua, Italy) from March 9 to 12, 2027. The program remains open to numerous additional speakers. On the downside, rising operating costs are affecting both digital publishing and event organization; it is hoped that these increases will not negatively impact the submission of contributions to the EJTM and the 2027 Pd3m conference. Those interested can find further information and forms for active participation (registration, accommodation, abstract template, and participation details) at the following address: www.paduamuscledays.it. Undoubtedly, the 2027 Pd3m promises to be an engaging event, on par with all previous editions of the "Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine."