The European Society for Photobiology (ESP) was founded in 1985 and celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2025. This review summarizes the events that have triggered interest in the interactions between light and biologically relevant matter, and how this has developed into research fields on photobiology and photomedicine. In turn, this stimulated the need for meeting arenas to communicate and discuss photobiological, photochemical, photophysical and photomedical topics. ESP has become one of the largest societies in the photobiology field of research. It organizes conferences, stimulates educational activities, and has initiated the founding of specialized peer-review journals and book series for publishing photobiology-relevant literature, among many other related initiatives. In this way ESP contributes significantly to stimulate photobiological research. This review highlights some of the events and observations in modern times, i.e., in the last 150 years, that have promoted photobiological and photomedical research, and which contributed to the founding of ESP. In tandem, the review traces the pathway to the establishment and development of ESP as a society and its role in scientific communications and strengthening of photobiological research in Europe and worldwide.
The NASA Viking Program laid the framework for Mars science, technology, and exploration. While the barren view of the Red Planet revealed by Viking was antithetical to the expectations of the planetary science community at the time, Viking was remarkable because it achieved numerous novel technical feats that continue to shape planetary robotic exploration today, integrating technical elements from disparate scientific fields, culminating in the scientific, engineering, and management achievements of over 2000 people. Over the last five decades, the results of the Viking science payload have led to vigorous debate within the astrobiology community on the burden of proof necessary to determine the detection of life, a necessary discussion that continues today. The future of missions designed to search for extant life will build upon the foundation laid by Viking, with a scientifically integrated, matured search-for-life strategy, one invigorated by technologists, engineers, and science communicators. As we celebrate the 50th anniversary of this groundbreaking mission, it is imperative that the scientific community reflects the Viking program's foundational impact on planetary science and exploration. Looking to the future, we must consider the perspectives and lessons learned from Viking while working towards a long-term vision for continued astrobiological exploration of Mars and other planetary bodies.
The year 2026 marks the 120th anniversary of the birth of Professor WU Zhizhong, a founder and pioneer of occupational medicine in China and a distinguished medical educator. From 1937 to 1950, Professor Wu served at Xiangya School of Medicine, where he assumed the multiple roles of medical educator, academic pioneer, and university administrator. During this period, he made remarkable contributions to talent cultivation, academic development, and the coordination of the college's wartime relocation and postwar restoration. The thirteen years he spent at Xiangya represented the formative period during which the qualities that would later define him as a distinguished medical scholar first emerged. Based on historical archival materials, this article systematically reviews Professor WU Zhizhong's academic practice at Xiangya, with the aim of providing historical insights for upholding fundamental principles while fostering innovation in medical education in the new era. 2026年是我国职业医学创始人和奠基人、著名医学教育家吴执中教授诞辰120周年。1937—1950年，吴执中执教于湘雅医学院，集医学教育家、学术开拓者与大学管理者三重身份于一体，在人才培养、学术研究、协理学校西迁与复员等方面贡献显著。在湘雅的13年，是其医学大家品格的初绽时期。本文基于历史档案资料，系统梳理吴执中在湘雅的治学实践，以期为新时代医学教育守正创新提供历史借鉴。.
The article is devoted to one of the current methodological problems of forensic medicine - the substantiation of the stages of development of domestic forensic medical toxicology, by evaluating the results of research work of the Department of Forensic Medicine of the First Leningrad Medical Institute (I LMI), the First Saint Petersburg State Medical University. Acad. I.P. Pavlov (SPbSMU) over the past 125 years: I stage - from the establishment of the University to the middle of the 20th century, II stage - 60-80s of the 20th century, III stage - the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries. Статья посвящена одной из актуальных методологических проблем судебной медицины — обоснованию этапности развития отечественной судебно-медицинской токсикологии путем оценки результатов научно-исследовательских работ коллектива кафедры судебной медицины Первого Ленинградского медицинского института (1 ЛМИ), Первого Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета им. акад. И.П. Павлова (ПСПбГМУ) за последние 125 лет: I этап — от основания вуза до середины XX века, II этап — 60—80-е годы XX века, III этап — конец XX и начало XXI веков.
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To evaluate safety and efficacy of jejunum segment interposition after proximal gastric resection. There were 80 jejunum segment interpositions after proximal gastric resection in 2012-2023. Primary subtotal proximal gastric resection was performed in 70 (87.5%) patients, resection of esophagogastrostomy in 9 (11.2%), gastric bypass surgery - in 1 (1.3%). The indications for surgery were cancer in 66 (82.5%) patients, recurrence of cancer in esophagogastrostomy - 2 (2.5%), postgastrectomy diseases - 12 (15.0%). Mean age of patients was 62 years. There were 51 (63.8%) men and 29 (36.2%) women. In early postoperative period, 8 (10.0%) patients developed complications. Failure of esophagojejunostomy occurred in 5 (6.3%) cases, subdiaphragmatic abscess - in 1 (1.3%) patient. Another (1.3%) patient had jejunum insert necrosis that required its extirpation and direct esophagogastrostomy. One (1.3%) patient died from non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia with intestinal necrosis on the 3rd day after surgery. There were no long-term specific complications related to jejunum segment. Reflux esophagitis was recorded in 2 (3.6%) out of 56 patients. Jejunum segment interposition after proximal gastric resection is a relatively safe technique preventing severe reflux esophagitis. Оценка безопасности и эффективности еюногастропластики после проксимальной резекции желудка. В отделение реконструктивной хирургии пищевода и желудка ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр хирургии им. А.В. Вишневского» Минздрава России (НМИЦХ) за период 2012—2023 г. выполнено 80 операций с интерпозицией сегмента тощей кишки в изоперистальтической позиции между пищеводом и культей желудка после его проксимальной резекции. Первичная субтотальная проксимальная резекция желудка (ПРЖ) выполнена 70 (87,5%) пациентам, резекция эзофагогастроанастомоза (ЭГА) — 9 (11,2%) и после гастрошунтирования по Ру — 1 (1,3%). Показанием к операции у 66 (82,5%) больных явился рак желудка, у 2 (2,5%) — рецидив рака в зоне ЭГА, у 12 (15,0%) — болезни оперированного желудка (БОЖ). Всего в анализируемую группу вошли 80 пациентов (51 (63,8%) мужчина и 29 (36,2%) женщин), средний возраст составил 62 года. В раннем послеоперационном периоде у 8 (10,0%) пациентов развились осложнения. Несостоятельность шов эзофагоеюноанастомоза была у 5 (6,3%) больных, у 1 (1,3%) — поддиафрагмальный абсцесс. Еще у 1 (1,3%) пациента возник некроз тощекишечной вставки, которую удалили, а непрерывность пищеварительного тракта восстановили прямым ЭГА. Умер 1 (1,3%) больной вследствие неокклюзионной мезентериальной ишемии с некрозом кишечника на 3-и сутки после операции. В отдаленном периоде специфических хирургических осложнений в области интерпонированного тощекишечного сегмента не вывили. Рефлюкс-эзофагит по данным фиброгастродуоденоскопии зафиксирован у 2 (3,6%) из 56 обследованных пациентов. Интерпозиция сегмента тощей кишки после проксимальной резекции желудка — относительно безопасная методика, способная надежно предотвратить тяжелый рефлюкс-эзофагит.
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The Department of Forensic Medicine and Law at the First Saint Petersburg State Medical University named after Academician I.P. Pavlov was founded in 1901. Throughout its existence, the department has never interrupted its educational process, including its work during the siege of Leningrad. The history of the department is illustrated by the contributions of its leaders over a period of more than 100 years. The status and prospects of the department's work are briefly outlined. Кафедра судебной медицины и правоведения Первого Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета им. акад. И.П. Павлова (ПСПбГМУ) была основана в 1901 г. За весь период существования кафедра никогда не прерывала учебный процесс, включая и работу в блокадном Ленинграде. История кафедры показана на вкладе ее руководителей за более чем 100-летний период. Кратко изложены состояние и перспективы работы кафедры.
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