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The ongoing Israel-Palestine conflict has significant consequences for children, youth and families from diverse communities in North America. In a time of widening social polarization, many children and youth are implicated in reiterations of the conflict at home, at school or in their neighborhoods. This divisive context has numerous indirect and direct clinical consequences requiring clinicians' awareness, attunement, and skillful response. Building on clinical experiences in Quebec (Canada), this paper questions the cultural safety of clinical interventions at three levels. First, the conflict can alter the therapeutic alliance in unspoken ways, requiring ongoing attention to cultural and contextual securitization. Second, because of its potentially traumatic impact, the conflict can influence symptom presentation in subtle or overt ways. Third, the internalization of the conflict can prompt forms of challenging acting-out, potentially eliciting stigmatizing clinical or social responses. Overall, preserving cultural safety in this context requires favouring a systemic assessment of the patient and their lived experiences, considering simultaneously the family, school and community context. Minimizing silence and avoidance by addressing the possible distress and divisions-or indeed outright divergences-within clinical and school teams may foster a respectful and safe enough environment, in spite of the differences in meaning within and across heterogeneous communities. The ongoing Israel-Palestine conflict has significant consequences for children, youth and families from diverse communities in North America. In a time of widening social polarization, children and youth are implicated in reiterations of the conflict at home, at school or in their neighborhoods. This divisive context has numerous indirect and direct clinical consequences requiring clinicians’ awareness, attunement, and skillful response. Building on clinical experiences in Quebec (Canada), this paper questions the cultural safety of clinical interventions at three levels. First, the conflict can alter the therapeutic alliance in unspoken ways, requiring ongoing attention to cultural and contextual securitization. Second, because of its potentially traumatic impact, the conflict can influence symptom presentation in subtle or overt ways. Third, the internalization of the conflict can prompt forms of challenging acting-out, potentially eliciting stigmatizing clinical or social responses. Overall, preserving cultural safety in this context requires favoring a systemic assessment of the patient and their lived experiences, considering the family, school and community context. Minimizing silence and avoidance by addressing the possible distress and divisions or outright divergences within clinical and school teams may foster a respectful and safe enough environment, in spite of the differences in meaning within and across heterogeneous communities.
Antisemitism has surged in the United States since the onset of the Israel-Hamas War. Yet, responses from liberals-who generally vigorously defend marginalized groups against prejudice and discrimination-have been tepid, leading some to suggest that liberals tolerate antisemitism. In three preregistered experiments (N = 979), we investigate how Americans-liberals and conservatives-perceive antisemitism and whether their perceptions depend on how the antisemitism is justified. We find that, absent justifications, individuals expressing antisemitism (and other prejudices) are generally disliked and more so by liberals than by conservatives. However, when these individuals justify their antisemitism by disapproval of Israel and the war in Gaza or violations by Israel of the human rights of Palestinians, they are liked more by liberals (but not conservatives). We find support for two group-based explanations for this "licensing" effect of justifications: Liberals evaluate individuals who express antisemitism and other prejudices more positively to the extent that the justifications they express (a) identify them as liberals (ingroup favoritism) and (b) suggest that they are not generally bigoted and are therefore less of a threat to their political alliances (alliance politics). A fuller understanding of why antisemitism is presently not more broadly condemned requires considering how it is expressed, the social information contained in the expression, and the implications of this information for perceivers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
Addressing physician burnout and patients' distrust of healthcare is a priority. To foster more reciprocally healing experiences in healthcare, we provide an evidence-based conceptual model of sacred moments. "Sacred moments" are brief periods in which people experience transcendence, boundlessness, ultimacy, deep interconnectedness, and spiritual emotions. First, we review empirical and interpretive literature, highlighting the value of sacred moments in the context of a whole health (or whole person) approach to healthcare. Sacred moments appear to protect against clinician burnout while promoting meaning in work, well-being, and prosocial engagement. For patients, sacred moments seem to function as a buffer against stress and are associated with well-being, purpose in life, greater satisfaction with care, stronger alliance with clinicians, and mental health improvements. A rationale for the term sacred is provided, drawing conceptual roots from the psychological theory of sanctification. Next, predisposing factors, precipitating factors, process-based factors, and prohibitive factors to sacred moments are summarized. Additionally, a conceptual mapping of related phenomena, such as glimmers, peak experiences, flow states, mystical experiences, and quantum change is provided. Individual and systems applications are subsequently underscored. Recommendations include conducting "Sacred Moment Rounds," partnering with spiritual care, and creating conditions conducive to sacred moments in healthcare. Finally, unresolved issues and future investigative directions are suggested. Potential avenues include expanding sacred moments research to more contexts, identifying novel factors, designing cross-cultural, virtual reality, and imaging studies, and examining the role of sacred moments in healing from psychological trauma.
Although it is common to encounter dissociative clients in the therapy room, little is known about how clinicians adapt therapy for these clients. The present study is a qualitative meta-analysis investigating how therapists are responsive to dissociation-that is, how they tailor therapy to meet dissociative clients' needs in and across sessions. We conducted a systematic search for qualitative studies on therapists' experiences working with clients who dissociate, yielding 16 eligible studies with at least 239 therapists represented across the studies. We used a critical-constructivist grounded theory method to build a hierarchy that represented patterns across studies, then generated clinical principles for practice through a hermeneutic analysis. Results indicated that therapists paradoxically honored dissociation as a coping mechanism while also promoting clients' agency over working through it. They gradually did so by (a) initially prioritizing alliance-building actions tailored to dissociation, (b) promoting clients' self-reliance in managing symptoms and safety, (c) repairing systemic harm by bearing witness to stigmatized forms of trauma and dissociation, and (d) strategically enhancing clients' capacity for accessing and experiencing emotion. By engaging in this developmental process, therapists sought to empower clients to heal from traumatic pain. This four-phase model may inform clinical decision making, training, and future research to improve treatment processes and outcomes for dissociative clients. Caution should be taken when applying these findings to child, non-Western, non-English language, and nonindividual psychotherapy settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
The incidence of hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) is increasing, while inappropriate antimicrobial use remains a major concern. This study aimed to evaluate current antimicrobial prescribing patterns in HTG-AP patients and identify factors influencing their use. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 154 hospitalized patients with HTG-AP. According to whether antimicrobial therapy was administered, patients were divided into an antibacterial drug group and a non-antibacterial drug group. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of antimicrobial use, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to assess predictive performance. Logistic regression analysis revealed that admission to the surgical department (OR = 4.950, 95% CI = 1.180-20.690), treatment at medical institutions in Ulanqab (OR = 13.801, 95% CI = 3.161-61.539) or Xing'an Alliance (OR = 16.280, 95% CI = 3.759-69.858), and elevated white blood cell count (OR = 1.291, 95% CI = 1.061-1.561) were independent risk factors for antimicrobial use. Conversely, a higher lymphocyte ratio was independently associated with lower antibacterial drug use (OR = 0.947, 95% CI = 0.909-0.989). The predictive model incorporating these variables demonstrated good discrimination, with an AUC of 0.886. In conclusion, antimicrobial use in HTG-AP patients remains high, with evidence of inappropriate prescribing. Strengthened antimicrobial stewardship is warranted to promote rational therapy.
ObjectiveThis paper reviews the role of formulation in contemporary mental health practice. It traces the historical and conceptual development of formulation to its current use across multiple therapeutic models. Formulation is presented as an essential integrative clinical skill that supports patient-centred care, multidisciplinary collaboration, and real-time decision-making. The paper contrasts formulation with diagnosis, highlighting its individualised explanatory power, epistemological diversity, and capacity to organise clinical uncertainty. It also examines the role of the hypothesis-driven interview and relational awareness in generating meaningful formulations. ConclusionsFormulation is a core clinical competency. Although less easily operationalised than making a diagnosis and vulnerable to critiques of subjectivity, its validity is grounded in disciplined observation, iterative reasoning, and the development of a shared understanding with the patient. Formulation enhances therapeutic alliance and underscores defensible decision-making. The re-emergence of formulation as an assessable competency in psychiatric training represents an opportunity to reinforce formulation as central to our professional identity.
Scabies is a neglected tropical disease with substantial public health impact, especially in resource-limited countries like Ghana. Worldwide, more than 300 million people are affected by scabies. In Ghana, scabies outbreaks have been occurring frequently, especially among school-going children. This study assessed scabies burden, diagnostic accuracy, and the effect of ivermectin-based Mass Drug Administration (MDA) on scabies prevalence in the Sefwi Wiawso Municipality of the Western North Region of Ghana. A total of 341 participants were recruited at health facilities within the Municipality between October 2022 and October 2023. Scabies was diagnosed using the 2020 The International Alliance for the Control of Scabies (IACS) consensus criteria, and demographic data were collected. Health facility diagnoses were compared with study findings, and the relationship between MDA intake and scabies occurrence was also assessed. There was equal representation of both males (N = 172) and females (N = 169) with the mean ages of recruited male and female participants being 23.49 ± 14.26 years and 25.28 ± 13.68, respectively. IACS consensus criteria assessment of all participants showed 83% had clinical scabies and 10% had suspected scabies. Participants with basic education (JHS and primary) were disproportionately more likely to be diagnosed with either clinical or suspected scabies (p = 0.006). Ivermectin MDA intake was significantly associated with scabies diagnosis (p = 0,001). Study participants who had received at least 3 rounds of ivermectin MDA over the years were less likely to be diagnosed with either clinical (18.73%) or suspected (14.71%) scabies (p = 0.009). Study participants who reported more than 3 skin condition symptoms were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with clinical scabies (89.4%) compared to suspected scabies (64.71%) (p < 0.001). Clinical and suspected scabies were also only correctly diagnosed in 43.82% and 14.71% of participants, respectively, prior to training of health workers on the IACS consensus criteria tool (p < 0.001). Scabies is often overlooked in health facilities in Ghana, highlighting the need for better diagnostic capacity. The observed reduction in scabies burden with ivermectin MDA supports its use in integrated control programs for neglected tropical diseases.
ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the conventional ≥50% reduction in monthly migraine days (MMDs) accurately reflects clinically meaningful benefit compared with IHS-aspired migraine control definitions in difficult-to-treat high-frequency episodic migraine (HFEM).MethodsIn this post-hoc analysis of a prospective, real-world registry, conducted by the Greek Research Alliance for the Study of Headache and Pain (GRASP), 114 HFEM patients who had failed ≥3 preventive therapies and achieved a sustained ≥50% reduction in MMDs with monthly fremanezumab over 24 months, were included. Treatment response (≥50% and ≥75% MMD reduction) and IHS-defined control states (freedom, optimal, modest, insufficient control) were assessed using headache diaries at baseline (T0), month 12 (T1), and month 24 (T2). Secondary outcomes included headache intensity, analgesic use, and migraine-related disability.ResultsAt T1, fremanezumab significantly improved all efficacy and disability outcomes (p < 0.001), with mean MMDs reduced from 11.9 at baseline to 5.1 at T1. While 78.1% achieved ≥50% MMD reduction, only 19.3% reached optimal control (<4 MMDs), highlighting a mismatch between relative response and true disease control. At T2, MMDs further declined to 4.3, while optimal control increased to 29.8% and insufficient control declined to 7.8%. Overall, most patients remained moderately controlled (60.6%) with residual 4-6 MMDs. Non-prior exposure to other anti-CGRP therapies emerged as the only independent predictor of optimal long-term control (OR:2.1; p = 0.03).ConclusionAchieving a ≥ 50% MMD reduction with CGRP-targeted therapies may not always correspond to clinically-meaningful benefit. More ambitious outcome measures are essential for more accurately evaluating treatment effectiveness and achieving clinically-meaningful reduction of migraine's disability.
Manufacturing of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies has matured significantly over the past decade, with improvements in automation, closed-system processing, and digital platforms enhancing reliability and scalability. Continuous process innovations and innovative manufacturing models are being explored and implemented, with an eye towards expanding patient access to this therapy and improving the patient journey. Manufacturing advances continue to be met with technical, operational, and regulatory challenges, including cost of goods, supply chain complexity, and capacity constraints, which underscore the need for continued innovation in process optimization and manufacturing models. This paper aims to cover considerations for a range of manufacturing models (including centralized, decentralized, and point-of-care manufacturing), analyze the manufacturing cost breakdown, and lay out opportunities for cost savings. Acknowledging the many variables in manufacturing, our analysis shows that, while there can be a big range of cost differentials between centralized and decentralized manufacturing approach, decentralization by itself is unlikely to be the main driver of cost reduction and may come with a decrease in manufacturing efficiency due to reduced scaling benefits. Many opportunities for cost reduction in manufacturing are present regardless of the manufacturing model. While cost reduction is a factor driving the uptake of this therapy, the potential of decentralized manufacturing lies in the improvements of access and patient experience, such as reduced and supply chain complexity associated with cell transport and shortened vein-to-vein times. The Alliance for Regenerative Medicine (ARM) supports all manufacturing models that can expand patient access to cell and gene therapies, while maintaining quality standards and regulatory compliance to ensure patient safety.
The Radiology Research Alliance (RRA) of the Association of Academic Radiology (AAR) convenes task forces to study trends that will shape the future of radiology. In this article, the AAR-RRA Task Force on Diagnostic Uncertainty in Radiology set out to examine the causes of diagnostic uncertainty in radiology and identify strategies to improve and communicate diagnostic certainty. Drawing on a targeted literature review and expert insights from medical students, residents, and radiologists across subspecialties, the group identified key drivers of uncertainty and synthesized evidence-informed recommendations. Proposed strategies span quality improvement, research, artificial intelligence (AI) integration, education, and report standardization, with emphasis on effective communication of uncertainty to clinicians and patients.
Since its founding in 1930, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has recognized that comprehensive child health requires not only primary care but also specialized procedural expertise. Beginning with the establishment of the Section on Surgery in 1948, pediatric surgical and procedural disciplines progressively organized within the academy to ensure that children's unique operative, anesthetic, radiologic, and dental needs were represented in policy, education, and advocacy. Over subsequent decades, sections devoted to anesthesiology and pain medicine, urology, orthopedics, otolaryngology-head and neck surgery, radiology, ophthalmology, plastic surgery, neurological surgery, and oral health were formed, each emerging from sustained advocacy by leaders who understood that children require standards distinct from adult-based models of care. Although subspecialty certification through American Board of Medical Specialties member boards strengthened professional identity in several disciplines, section status within the AAP provided a critical platform for multidisciplinary collaboration, guideline development, and national advocacy. The creation of the Surgical Advisory Panel in 1998 unified these sections and strengthened representation on the AAP Board of Directors. In 2023, organizational restructuring led to the formation of the Pediatric Surgical Specialties Alliance, which aligned 10 sections within a coordinated framework. Together, these specialists now represent more than 2000 members and shape national standards in trauma systems, perioperative safety, imaging, sedation, congenital anomaly management, injury prevention, and oral health, affirming that optimal pediatric care depends on integrated partnerships between general pediatricians and procedural experts.
Holocaust distortions are central to contemporary antisemitic rhetoric, appearing across political ideologies and geographic contexts. Such distortions, often closely linked to collective memory processes, raise critical questions about the causal relationship between antisemitism and Holocaust narratives. Theoretical and conceptual work on secondary antisemitism suggests that modern antisemitism stems from ingroup-serving Holocaust distortions, motivated by collective guilt. However, social psychological research suggests that contemporary attitudes may shape historical representations, indicating that antisemitism could be a cause, rather than a consequence, of these distortions. In a longitudinal analysis of a quota-representative sample of the German and Polish populations, two countries with distinct Holocaust histories, we examined the bidirectional relationship between antisemitic prejudice and ingroup-serving Holocaust distortion. Using structural equation modeling, we assessed the reciprocal influence of antisemitism and Holocaust reinterpretation, with both national models showing good fit (comparative fit index > .98, root-mean-square error of approximation < .065, standardized root-mean-square residual < .04). By assessing participants' perceptions of their ingroup's emotions and behaviors during the Holocaust alongside contemporary antisemitic attitudes, our findings show that antisemitism actively influences biased Holocaust representations. These results challenge the premise of secondary antisemitism, highlighting that historical distortions often reflect current prejudices rather than driving them. Our findings underscore how collective memory can be adapted to justify present-day biases, emphasizing the dynamic interplay between historical narratives and contemporary intergroup attitudes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
BackgroundSocioeconomic deprivation is an established determinant of adverse health outcomes. However, UK-specific data examining its impact on peritoneal dialysis (PD) outcomes remains generally unknown. This study evaluated associations between socioeconomic deprivation and clinical outcomes among patients receiving PD at a single UK center over a 10-year period.MethodsThis retrospective observational study included 648 adult patients who underwent PD catheter insertion between January 2015 and December 2024. Socioeconomic deprivation was assessed using the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), with study cohorts categorized into quintiles from the least to the most deprived. Primary outcomes included all-cause mortality, transfer to hemodialysis (HD), and kidney transplantation. Secondary outcomes included cardiovascular events and PD-related infections, that is, peritonitis and exit-site infections. A 1:1 propensity score matching was performed to match for age, ethnicity, and smoking history to compare between the most deprived quintiles (MDQ) (i.e., quintiles 1 and 2) and the least deprived quintiles (LDQ) (i.e., quintiles 4 and 5). Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate associations between socioeconomic deprivation and outcomes.ResultsOf the 648 patients included, 41.7% resided in quintile 1. Patients in LDQ were significantly younger (median = 54 [IQR 42-67] vs. 64 [51-74] years, p < 0.001) and more likely to belong to ethnic minority backgrounds (24% vs. 7.7%, p < 0.001) compared to those in MDQ. Across all quintiles, no significant associations were observed between deprivation and all-cause mortality, transfer to HD, or kidney transplantation. In the propensity-matched cohort (n = 298), all-cause mortality was significantly higher among patients from MDQ compared to the LDQ (39.6% vs. 24.8%, p = 0.006). Social deprivation was noted to be an independent risk factor associated with all-cause mortality in the matched cohort (adjusted HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.37-3.10, p = 0.001). No significant associations were identified in relation to cardiovascular events, transfer to HD, kidney transplantation, or PD-related infections.ConclusionIn a propensity score-matched cohort from this single-center study, socioeconomic deprivation was independently associated with increased mortality among patients receiving PD. No significant associations were observed between socioeconomic deprivation with transfer to HD or kidney transplantation and PD-related infection complications.
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was first synthesized using Borassus flabellifer flower agro-waste, which is non-food and mostly discarded floral biomass. CMC is extracted via alkali treatment, bleaching, and alkalization with sodium chloroacetate. This article seeks to show how palm flower residues can be transformed into useful cellulose derivatives for sustainable material production. This method yielded 70.3 ± 1.8% CMC with a density of 0.48 ± 0.03 g/cm3 and a neutral pH. Chemical analysis revealed that the carboxyl content was 21.8 ± 0.9% and the degree of substitution was 0.78 ± 0.04%, leading to efficient carboxymethylation. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed typical carboxylate peaks at 1562, 1447, and 1348 cm-1, and XRD showed a semi-crystalline structure with a crystallinity index of 48.6% and a crystallite size of about 4.2 nm. SEM and particle size analyses revealed that it exhibits a unique multiscale fibrous-flaky morphology (~0.067 mm), which justifies its applicability in biodegradable and sustainable material systems. In addition, CMC pellets were synthesized, and their electrical properties were tested. The analysis of the DC measurement indicated a leakage current of 8.1 μA at an applied voltage of 20 V, whereas the AC impedance study displayed a loss tangent of 0.87. The dielectric analysis revealed moderate insulating behavior with a leakage current of 8.1 μA at 20 V and a relatively high loss tangent (~0.87). The CMC material shows a moderate dielectric response with characteristics typical of polar biopolymer systems. The observed dielectric loss response indicates applications in low-power and environmentally sustainable electronic applications rather than high-performance energy storage systems.
Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CAIX) positron emission tomography (PET) is an accurate and non-invasive imaging modality for the detection and characterisation of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) but evidence in the setting of high-risk renal cancer is lacking. We conducted an exploratory investigation to integrate whole-body CAIX-PET imaging with tissue-level validation and to assess the potential impact of CAIX-PET on systemic staging in patients diagnosed with high-risk renal cancer. Patients with cT3-cT4 or cN1 renal cancer scheduled for surgery underwent PET/CT imaging after intravenous administration of 37 MBq ±10% of [89Zr]Zr-girentuximab. Whole-body in-vivo was performed 5 ± 2 days following radiopharmaceutical injection, and surgical resection was planned 14 ± 2 days following radiopharmaceutical injection. Resected specimens were subsequently analyzed ex vivo using dedicated preclinical PET/CT imaging and correlated with histopathology and CAIX immunohistochemistry. No adverse events following [89Zr]Zr-girentuximab administration were recorded and the procedure was deemed non-relevant in terms of radiation exposure for the surgical team. At in-vivo imaging, CAIX-PET resulted positive in 2 patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma and negative in 1 patient with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. At ex-vivo imaging, images overlap allowed for the assessment of spatial co-localization of regions with increased radiopharmaceutical uptake and high expression of CAIX at immunohistochemistry. In 1 patient, focal uptake in the fourth rib at CAIX-PET was confirmed as metastatic ccRCC. In 1 patient, suspicious lymph nodes at standard imaging without PET uptake were negative at final pathology. Our findings generate the hypothesis that CAIX-PET might yield crucial information on cancer aggressiveness and systemic staging with potential key diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic implications for patients with high-risk renal cancer.
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) induces a systemic inflammatory response that usually resolves within days, but the prognostic impact of persistent inflammation is uncertain. We assessed whether sustained leukocytosis after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) relates to infarct size, left ventricular function, and clinical outcomes. In >1,700 STEMI patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention, leukocytes peaked on admission and typically normalized by day 3. Patients were stratified by leukocyte tertiles at admission and day 3. High day 3 leukocyte counts were associated with larger infarct size (scintigraphy; peak creatine kinase-myocardial band and troponin T), worse left ventricular function in hospital and at 6 months, and higher 1- and 5-year mortality. Patients whose leukocyte counts declined had better recovery, whereas persistent leukocytosis marked the poorest outcomes. Monocyte RNA sequencing showed post-MI transcriptomic reprogramming, and murine MI models recapitulated a similar systemic immune response. Persistent inflammation, particularly elevated leukocyte counts at day 3 post-MI, is associated with adverse remodeling and increased mortality after STEMI, identifying unresolved inflammation as a negative prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target.
The Leguminosae family can develop root nodules with symmetrical peripheral vascular-strands (PVSs). Medicago truncatula forms indeterminate nodules with PVSs. The PVSs elongate directly from the root toward the nodule apex, maintaining a symmetrical organization and facilitating the formation of the cylindrical nodule structure. By combining genetic, biochemical, and genomic tools, we have shown that two basic Helix-Loop-Helix groups of transcription factors, MtbHLH1 (renamed Nodule Vascular bundle Development 1 (NVD1)) and NVD2, control the development of symmetrical PVSs in M. truncatula. In nvd1 nodules, PVSs drift toward the infection zone, generating aberrantly shaped nodules. NVD1 activates its expression along with NVD2, a transcriptional regulator. NVD1 functions downstream of auxin signaling. Transcriptome sequencing of nvd1 and nvd2 nodules, combined with visualization of auxin and cytokinin (CK) signal outputs, revealed disrupted auxin and CK signaling in nvd nodules. Furthermore, ectopic expression of the auxin biosynthetic enzyme (MtYUCCA8) under pMtNVD1 and pMtNVD2 resulted in defective PVSs. Mutant nvd2 nodules display asymmetric PVSs. NVD2 regulates the transcriptional activity of NVD1 by forming heterodimers with it. The formation of symmetrical PVSs depends on the balanced presence of NVD1 and NVD2. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of the NVD1-NVD2 interaction in shaping the development of symmetrical PVSs.
Female sex workers face a higher risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections, therefore, they require access to reproductive health information. This is the first scoping literature review on communication strategies for delivering sexual and reproductive health information and services to improve health outcomes for female sex workers. The strategies analyzed consisted of information and communication technology, mobile health, community mobilization, and community engagement. Searches were conducted in June of 2023 from the following databases: PubMed, OVID, and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria included a focus on female sex workers, sexual and reproductive health outcomes, peer-reviewed articles including experimental and observational studies, and published in English between January 2018 and June 2023. The initial search identified 333 papers of which 21 met the eligibility criteria. A data extract table was used to obtain key information from the articles which were synthesized into themes. Mobile health (mhealth), particularly short messaging service (SMS), can enhance public health programming but must be implemented carefully to avoid reinforcing existing socioeconomic and cultural barriers. Community engagement, empowerment, and support-through participatory design, peer education, and leadership-are essential for effective program development. Communication strategies, including interpersonal exchanges, community involvement, and information and communications technologies (ICT) use, are key to holistic public health efforts. Further research can expand upon these findings by encompassing different sexual and reproductive outcomes and investigating possible risks associated with communication using ICTs.