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Clade 2.2 H5N1 influenza viruses have caused an unusually high number of human infections, providing a unique opportunity to investigate early molecular steps associated with host adaptation. Although most work has focused on hemagglutinin (HA), the contribution of neuraminidase (NA) to these early adaptive events has remained unclear. By analyzing publicly available sequences from clade 2.2-infected patients, we identified 20 NA mutations and compared their phenotypes to 20 mutations acquired during diversification in primary human airway cells under drug-free conditions. Most patient-derived NA mutations resulted in modest reductions in sialidase activity, keeping activity within a functional range that supported improved replication in α2,6 sialylglycan (α2,6 Sia)-dominant environments, whereas excessive reduction impaired fitness. Notably, the phenotypes of culture-selected and patient-derived mutations were highly concordant, suggesting that these NA changes arose through natural selection rather than antiviral pressure. Re-analysis of patient sequences further revealed that many adaptive NA mutations co-occur with HA mutations that confer only weak, partial α2,6 Sia binding. Using reverse genetics, we found that such naturally occurring HA/NA mutation pairs acted cooperatively in a receptor-context-dependent manner to support α2,6-associated replication relative to HA-only mutants, placing these variants within a constrained "early-adaptation space" characterized by limited α2,6 engagement and moderately reduced NA activity. Together, these findings indicate that early human adaptation of clade 2.2 H5N1 involves not only HA and PB2, but also incremental, cooperative tuning of NA function. Monitoring coordinated HA-NA evolution may therefore improve risk assessment frameworks for zoonotic influenza viruses poised at early stages of human host adaptation.

Agricultural entrepreneurs face significant occupational stressors, including long working hours, and blurred work-life boundaries. These factors contribute to an increased risk of burnout, yet little research has explored how recovery experiences - psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery, and control - impact their mental health. This study examines the role of recovery experiences in reducing burnout and assesses whether satisfaction with work-life balance mediates this relationship. A cross-sectional study was conducted using survey data from 916 agricultural entrepreneurs in France. Participants completed validated measures assessing recovery experiences, satisfaction with work-life balance, and burnout. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test direct and indirect associations between recovery dimensions and burnout, while accounting for control variables such as age, sex, relationship status, number of children, weekly working hours, and farm type. Findings indicate that recovery experiences play a crucial role in maintaining satisfaction with work-life balance and reducing burnout. Psychological detachment (&#x3b2;&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.190, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001), relaxation (&#x3b2;&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.254, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001), and control (&#x3b2;&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.317, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001) were positively associated with satisfaction with work-life balance, supporting H1. Satisfaction with work-life balance was significantly related to lower burnout levels (&#x3b2;&#x2009;=&#x2009;-0.399, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001), supporting H2. Direct negative associations between relaxation (&#x3b2;&#x2009;=&#x2009;-0.153, p&#x2009;=&#x2009;.001) and control (&#x3b2;&#x2009;=&#x2009;-0.132, p&#x2009;=&#x2009;.001) with burnout were observed, supporting H3. Psychological detachment (&#x3b2;&#x2009;=&#x2009;-0.076, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001), relaxation (&#x3b2;&#x2009;=&#x2009;-0.101, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001), and control (&#x3b2;&#x2009;=&#x2009;-0.126, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001) had significant indirect effects on burnout through satisfaction with work-life balance, supporting H4. Mastery did not show significant associations with satisfaction with work-life balance or burnout. This study highlights the critical role of recovery experiences in mitigating burnout among agricultural entrepreneurs. While relaxation and control directly reduce burnout, psychological detachment primarily influences burnout through improved satisfaction with work-life balance. These findings suggest that targeted interventions, such as promoting structured recovery practices and satisfaction with work-life balance strategies, could enhance mental health in this high-risk population. Future research should explore longitudinal designs and cross-cultural comparisons to further understand recovery experiences among self-employed workers in agriculture.

Engaging target populations and obtaining reliable research data has become increasingly difficult. Traditional randomized control trial (RCT) approaches, though useful in establishing sound knowledge and identifying effective interventions, can also be counterproductive. This brief provides examples from past research initiatives in which RCT approaches were ineffective and supplemented with alternate recruitment and engagement strategies. In its conclusion, we propose methods for broadening our research approaches to better serve the populations we work with: farmers, commercial fishermen, and loggers. Further, we invite others to join this conversation.

Agricultural injuries remain a leading occupational hazard, causing substantial human and economic losses worldwide. This study aimed to predict agricultural injury severity using linear and ensemble machine learning (ML) models, while ensuring interpretability through explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). We analyzed 2,421 agricultural incidents (2015-2024) from AgInjuryNews, categorized as fatal or non-fatal. Data were pre-processed to remove duplicates, outliers, and incomplete records, then split into training and testing sets. Multiple ML models - including Na&#xef;ve Bayes, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting - were trained and optimized using cross-validation. Ensemble approaches (bagging, boosting, stacking, and voting) were also implemented. Model performance was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) were applied to identify key predictors of injury severity. Ensemble models achieved the best overall performance, with Random Forest, XGBoost, and LightGBM outperforming linear classifiers. XGBoost achieved near-perfect recall for fatal injuries, though classification of non-fatal cases remained challenging due to class imbalance. SHAP analysis consistently identified age, gender, location, and time of incident as the most influential predictors across models. These findings highlight both the predictive power of ensemble methods and the value of XAI in understanding underlying risk factors. Ensemble ML approaches, supported by explainable AI techniques, offer effective tools for predicting injury severity in agriculture and uncovering critical contributing factors. The results underscore the importance of addressing data imbalance for improved classification of non-fatal injuries. Insights into key demographic and environmental predictors can inform targeted safety interventions and policy development, contributing to reduced injury rates and enhanced protection for agricultural workers.

Toxicity color codes on pesticide containers communicate the risk between manufacturers and farmers; however, their effectiveness in developing countries, like Nepal, remains understudied. This study thus aimed to identify factors influencing farmers' understanding and their correct interpretation of the toxicity color codes. Survey data from 270&#xa0;households in Kavrepalanchok district, Nepal, was used, where respondents were primary pesticide applicators. Probit regression was run separately to identify the factors influencing (1) the understanding of the meaning of toxicity color codes for the whole sample and (2) correct interpretation of the least toxic color code as green for the sub-sample who responded "YES" to the first question. Finally, ordered probit regression identified factors influencing (3) toxicity color code literacy: illiteracy, partial literacy, or full literacy. Of the total respondents, only 49% stated they understood the meaning of toxicity color codes, yet only half of them correctly interpreted the least toxic color code as green. Farmers' understanding was significantly influenced by location, higher education, when males purchase pesticides, participation in integrated pest management-farmer's field school training, and prior experience of health effects associated with pesticide use (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;.05). All these factors also significantly influenced toxicity color code literacy. However, females (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;.023) and educated farmers (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;.005) correctly interpreted the least toxic color code as green, highlighting the need for inclusive education-based interventions in risk communication. The results show a distinction between self-reported farmers' understanding of toxicity color codes on pesticide containers and their correct interpretation. We suggest that risk communication interventions be redesigned to improve visual literacy and that gender-sensitive training be included to enhance literacy.

Farmers and their families are at risk of loneliness due to frequent solitary working, geographical isolation, and narrow social networks. These circumstances compromise the mental well-being of farming communities, highlighting the need for a better understanding of protective psychological factors. Resilience may serve as a pathway between the negative effects of loneliness and mental well-being; however, evidence of its role in agricultural populations is scarce. This study considers whether resilience mediates the relationship between loneliness and mental well-being in the UK farming community. A cross-sectional survey collected data from 320 members of the UK farming community (39.4% males; 59.4% females, 1.2% prefer not to say; Median age&#x2009;=&#x2009;43.1&#x2009;years). The convenience sample was collected through online and paper surveys and promoted via social media, farming groups, auction marts, and agricultural organizations. Participants completed the Brief Resilience Scale, Loneliness RULS-6 scale, and Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (Short). Over half of participants (54.5%) scored within a range for mental well-being consistent with possible mild or probable clinical depression. Higher loneliness was associated with lower resilience and mental well-being, whilst higher resilience was related to higher mental well-being. A regression-based mediation analysis with 1,000 bootstrap samples (without covariates) revealed that resilience partially mediates the relationship between loneliness and mental well-being in farming community members. This study provides vital evidence of the mediating role that resilience plays in the relationship between loneliness and mental well-being in UK farming community members. Our findings emphasize the importance of resilience-building as a key mechanism to support the well-documented mental well-being challenges faced by people in farming communities. These findings add to the limited but growing body of evidence that supports the development of targeted interventions that integrate both resilience-building and loneliness reduction as a comprehensive support package. Our study demonstrates that addressing these factors in tandem is essential for improving the mental well-being of UK farming communities, ensuring people receive the necessary tools and resources to foster strength and connection.

Agricultural workers are at high risk of morbidity and mortality from workplace heat stress. Shade contributes to reduced heat exposure by blocking solar radiation. Though several US states have adopted occupational heat rules that require shade, implementation of specific shade approaches is typically not specified in rules. We compared different shade materials for agricultural worker heat exposure mitigation to inform decision-making. We conducted a quantitative field comparison study over three summer days in a real-world agricultural setting in Central Washington State. We examined the effect of five different shade materials on solar radiation and heat exposure, measured using Black Globe (BG) and Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) sensors, respectively. We used multivariable linear mixed-effects regression to examine the effect of different materials on BG and WBGT while accounting for repeated measures and small cluster sizes. We also performed a qualitative assessment of shade preferences among agricultural partners, including workers and supervisors. The mean (SD) dry air temperature across all study days was 28.3(1.3)&#xb0;C [82.9(2.4)]&#xb0;F. Shade materials reduced BG by 6.1-8.8&#xb0;C and WBGT by 1.7-2.2&#xb0;C, on average, depending on the material, compared to no shade. Compared to no shade, the largest reduction in BG (-8.81&#xba;C) was seen for a hay tarp material (HAY: 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: -9.39, -8.23) followed by an 80% monofilament material (M80: -7.68&#xb0;C; 95%CI -8.27,-7.10). For WBGT, we also found the largest reductions among HAY (-2.22&#xb0;C; 95%CI -2.44,-2.00) and M80 (-2.07&#xb0;C; 95%CI -2.29,-1.84). Comparing between shade materials, we did not find substantial differences in BG and WBGT. Ease of use and mobility of shade structures near work locations, in addition to effectiveness in reducing heat exposure, was identified in qualitative analyses as factors that may influence workplace shade implementation decisions. In this study, we found that all studied shade materials significantly reduced BG and WBGT compared to no shade, but we observed no substantial differences in heat exposure mitigation between the shade materials themselves. For similarly performing shade materials, worker and supervisor preferences and practical considerations should be considered when selecting shade approaches in specific workplaces that are likely to be adopted and sustained.

Infertility, which impacts around 17&#x202f;% of couples globally, is becoming more closely associated with gut dysbiosis and an imbalance in immune and metabolic functions. Probiotics like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium can help restore the balance of gut bacteria, boost insulin sensitivity, and regulate reproductive hormones. On the other hand, synbiotics, combinations of probiotics and prebiotics, work to enhance microbial diversity, increase the production of short-chain fatty acids, and improve immune-endocrine function. Research indicates that synbiotics could be more effective than probiotics in enhancing metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory parameters related to infertility, especially in women with PCOS; however, evidence supporting superiority in terms of definitive reproductive outcomes such as pregnancy or live birth rates remains limited. Nevertheless, the favorable safety profiles of both interventions support their further exploration within personalized, microbiota-based infertility strategies.

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Supporting farmers to maintain good wellbeing and access to mental health supports is crucial to reducing the number of lives lost by suicide. Little is known about the mental health needs of young farmers, how best to support them and how to build resilience. This systematic scoping review was conducted to identify what literature is currently available on the mental health of young farmers, the knowledge gaps, and the needs of this population. This systematic scoping review was guided by the Prisma 2020 methodological framework. There were 23 articles included in the review focusing on the mental health of young farmers. Results were grouped into three categories or main themes which emerged from the included studies. These were: i) contested understandings of the "young farmer"; ii) concerns and issues young farmers may encounter; and iii) and protective factors for young farmers' mental health and wellbeing in rural communities. Results identified several concerns for young farmers, and protective factors that mitigate these concerns. The review identifies that there is a limited focus within the literature on this specific population's needs to provide relevant support for their unique agricultural environment. This scoping review demonstrates the lack of literature to specifically map the mental health of young farmers. Young people are particularly vulnerable to mental health and wellbeing issues due to the isolated and demanding nature of agricultural environments. The results of this scoping review can be used to inform knowledge and the development of further research that specifically targets this population.

Noise from agricultural tractors is a critical occupational health hazard, often leading to Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL). This study aims to assess the risk of NIHL among Indian Agricultural Tractor Drivers (ATD) and enrich the understanding of such risks using unsupervised data mining techniques. A cross-sectional study was conducted on audiometric profile of Indian ATD with driving experience ranging from 5 to 43&#x2009;years, and audiometry testing was done with 0.125&#x2009;kHz to 8&#x2009;kHz of frequencies. Participants were selected from Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. The k-means clustering techniques, an unsupervised learning method, was applied to classify the audiometric data. Z-scores were used to evaluate cluster homogeneity and separation, while ANOVA was performed to determine the significance of various factors, including age, experience, and weight, on hearing impairment. The mean hearing threshold levels were the lowest for drivers with less than 10&#x2009;years of experience and highest for those with over 10&#x2009;years of experience. The mean age of the drivers at the time of testing was 39.5 (&#xb1;10.2) years. The audiometric data did not follow a normal distribution, necessitating the use of k-means clustering for analysis of both the ears. All audiometric frequencies showed statistically significant between-cluster differences, though with notably lower F-values compared to the right ear, ranging from 4.946 at 8&#x2009;kHz (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;.011) to 19.461 at 1&#x2009;kHz (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001). While age, experience, and weight were not significant for some parameters, other factors showed significant impacts on hearing impairment. Notably, the effect of different frequencies on both right and left ears was significant, highlighting the potential risks associated with prolonged tractor operation. The study demonstrates the feasibility of using k-means clustering to analyze audiometric data effectively. This method could play a vital role in hearing conservation programs for individuals exposed to occupational noise at agricultural workplaces. Raising legislative awareness and implementing customized safety programs to promote tractors with reduced noise levels are recommended.

Aggression is an essential animal behavior for survival, particularly in situations where fighting cannot be avoided. In such situations, the choice of fighting strategy (eg biting, charging, or defending) is critical. Although the molecular bases of fighting and aggressiveness have been previously studied, how genetic, transcriptional, and neurobiological mechanisms contribute to the choice of fighting strategy remains largely unknown. Here, we use two subpopulations of chickens bred for cockfighting that show markedly different fighting strategies: offensive and defensive attack. A genome-wide screen comparing individuals from the two subpopulations indicated a polygenic background and we identified 15 candidate genes, five of which are implicated in neuronal development. Among these, the transcription factor gene FOXP1 was notable. FOXP1 is essential for neuronal development in the brain and has been implicated in the regulation of motor circuits. Transcriptomic analysis of the diencephalon also revealed differential expressions of genes involved in neurodevelopment, as well as in the synthesis and release of neurotransmitters. RNA-sequencing and immunohistochemistry suggested that activation of the indirect pathway of the brain motor circuit promotes the defensive fighting strategy. This was further supported by behavioral pharmacological experiments targeting dopaminergic signaling. Taken together, our results indicate that genomic variation and altered expression of neurodevelopment-related genes underlie differences in fighting strategies, and that the neuroendocrine changes in brain circuits further modulate these behavioral outcomes.

Fatalities continue to plague the US commercial fishing industry and have broad impacts on coastal communities and families. The success of the Lifejackets for Lobstermen program in the US Northeast led to the development of a Pacific Northwest regional Fishermen Led Injury Prevention Program (FLIPP) for Lifejackets. To be effective in a different region with distinct fisheries, adaptations must be based on regional community input. The goal of this research was to collect and apply the perspectives of commercial fishermen and community partners to improve vessel safety and in particular, lifejacket use, to guide the development of the FLIPP for Lifejackets program. Four approaches were used in Washington and Oregon: (1) structured interviews with commercial fishing community partners, (2) surveys with fishermen, (3) lifejacket ranking by fishermen, and (4) brief surveys of regional fish observers. Commercial fishing community partners (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;54) confirmed that: a variety of brands/designs with good potential for commercial fishermen exist; there is interest in education around advances in materials and design; and the style depends on fishery, fishermen, and season. There is not a perfect model for all commercial fishing situations. From 98 fishermen interviewed, 15% always reported wearing a lifejacket on deck, 16% most, 40% some, and 25% none of the time. Most fishermen agreed it was important to wear a lifejacket/personal flotation device (PFD) (75%) and indicated interest in learning about new types of lifejackets (71%). Fishermen completed a ranking (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;56), which showed the Mustang Inflatable Work Vest and Kent Rogue Work Vest stood out as the most preferred lifejackets. The majority of regional fish observers (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;22) shared the frequency of vessels with at least one crew wearing a lifejacket was below 50%. Most reported fishermen's use of lifejackets was situational and agreed that attitudes regarding lifejacket use among fishermen had become more positive since they began observing. Conversations and connections established through our efforts created collaborative opportunities and directly informed the design of the FLIPP for Lifejackets Program. These approaches can be used in other regions to establish commercial fishing as a safer industry.

Agricultural injuries are frequently underreported and understudied, despite their significant impact on the individuals and communities affected. Local news media often serve as one of the few public-facing sources of information about such incidents, typically reporting on who was involved, what occurred, where and when the event happened, and occasionally, why it took place. This study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the demographic characteristicsand narrative themes found in media reports of agricultural injuries across seven Midwestern states. Using anthropological approaches and perspectives, the research explored how media portrayals of these incidents may shape public perceptions of agricultural risk and influence safety-related behaviors within ruralcommunities. A database was developed using media reports of agricultural injuries collected by the Central States Center fo rAgricultural Safety and Health (CS-CASH) and Ag Injury News. The dataset included 154 news articles published between 2017 and 2024, documenting 200 agricultural injuries. Demographic and narrative content were analyzed to address the following research questions: (1) What types of messaging are emphasized in media headlines? (2) What forms of support for victims are mentioned in the articles? and (3) How is injury prevention addressed within the narratives? Analysis revealed a high incidence of roadway-related injuries and identified injury trends disproportionately affecting older and male agricultural workers. Nearly one-third of the articles analyzed referred to incidents as "accidents," suggesting a potentially passive framing of preventable events. Prevention was mentioned in only 31.2% of articles; 24.7% referenced risky behaviors, while just 3.9% explicitly described prevention techniques. The data also offer insight into rural support systems, with references to financial or labor support, emotional support, and faith-based support. Furthermore, 63% of headlines conveyed no clear sentiment, and none of the reports included injuries involving immigrant workers. These findings support recommendations for journalists to enhance both the quality and frequency of prevention messaging and to avoid using the term "accident" when describing preventable incidents. Additionally, health and safety professionals can use these insights, particularly the influence of community, faith, and economics to inform the development of culturally appropriate prevention strategies and interventions.

Recognizing the negative impacts of the pesticide endosulfan in Kasaragod district, the Kerala State government had declared it as the organic district in 2012. Towards assessing the current pesticide usage and management amongst farmers in Pullur-Periye Panchayath of Kasargod, present survey was undertaken. Study site selection was considering the health concerns that prevailed in the region over earlier application of endosulfan that had raised health concerns. The onsite survey involved 102 farmers engaged in vegetable farming and was undertaken during January-February 2024. Data was collected based on structured questionnaire and informal interviews that comprised 55% male and 45% female farmers with median age of 60.5&#x2009;years. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlation to land acreage and disease management methods. Study revealed 54% of farmers to solely practice traditional/organic crop protection methods while 42% relied on combining organic practices with synthetic agrochemicals. Multiple regression analysis amongst positively correlated socioeconomic criteria revealed disease management methods to have positive significant influence on farmer's awareness on pesticide usage. Farmers were found to rely on Deltamethrin and DDT for pest control in vegetable cultivation. Study sheds light into the regional issues that would help in strategizing plans for implementation of organic agriculture practices. Study is a novel attempt to understand the agricultural practices followed in subsistence farming of vegetables by the farmers in the region that has been declared as an organic agriculture district.

Horticulture farms are high-risk, hard-to-reach workplaces where regulatory and education-based safety interventions often fail to achieve lasting impact. Challenges arise from multifaceted hazards, skepticism toward regulatory authority, and the precarious employment conditions of seasonal and culturally diverse workers. This paper reports on findings from a study of an Australian horticulture industry-led Safety Learning Network (SLN) pilot that aimed to drive sustainable safety-culture change. Qualitative data collection from participants in the initiative involved semi-structured interviews with farm owners/managers (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;10), observations (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;6) and notes from farm visits (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;2), governance meetings, and informal communications (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;19). Thematic analysis involved the application of a socio-ecological framework to identify the mechanisms that contributed to the pilot's effectiveness and weaknesses in engaging horticulture farms and fostering safety culture change. Participants identified three interrelated mechanisms through which the SLN supported engagement and contributed to safety culture and safety-related attitudes: building trust between the initiative leaders and farmers involved, providing practical and tailored support to farmers and their employees, and providing credible legal and industry expertise to farmers. Behavior change associated with these mechanisms included shifts in attitude and accountability among all participating farm managers and owners, and observable changes in safety behavior among workers on some farms. Industry-led networks have the potential bridge the gap between regulation and farm-level practice and may support culture and behavior change among horticulture workers. However, evidence of effectiveness is limited and these networks typically require participatory, context-specific implementation that can be resource-intensive. Future research could incorporate independent outcome measures (e.g. injury or claims data) and longitudinal designs to assess sustainability and broader impact.

Agricultural producers in the United States experience chronic economic volatility that may place them at elevated risk for mental health challenges and disrupted family functioning. Guided by the Family Stress Model (FSM), this study examined associations between economic hardship, mental health, and parenting style among U.S. farm parents. Data were drawn from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2021 and 2022 with 298 farm adults across multiple states. The survey included validated measures of financial strain, symptoms of depression and anxiety (PHQ-9, GAD-7), and parenting style, categorised into authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, or uninvolved. Results revealed that 40.7% of farm parents met the threshold for probable depression and 30.6% for probable anxiety - rates substantially higher than national averages. Financial indicators such as difficulty paying bills, unmet material needs, financial cutbacks, and higher debt-to-asset ratios were significantly associated with poorer mental health outcomes. Parenting style was also related to both economic stress and emotional well-being: authoritative parents reported the lowest financial stress and mental health symptoms, while uninvolved parents reported the highest. These findings are consistent with FSM pathways, which posit that economic hardship is associated with greater psychological distress and disruptions in parenting behaviors.

In early drug discovery, in vitro screening is frequently used, but selected candidates often fail in vivo. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based disease models offer improved physiological relevance; however, the high costs of media and differentiation procedures limit large-scale testing. Here, we develop a high-throughput conditioned-media-based screening system-the High-throughput screening technology for Aggregation Inhibitors of Diseased cell-derived Aggregative Proteins (HaiDap) system-to identify inhibitors of aggregation induced by iPSC-secreted amyloid &#x3b2; (A&#x3b2;). Using conditioned media derived from differentiated iPSCs of a male Alzheimer's disease patient, we screen extracts from 22 edible plants. Whereas PBS-based assays showed 40.9% (9/22) apparent selectivity, the HaiDap system demonstrates higher specificity (13.6%; 3/22). All three identified extracts (O. aristatus, S. aromaticum, and G. yesoense) significantly delay A&#x3b2; aggregation on neuronal surfaces in an iPSC-based assay. These findings suggest that the HaiDap system enables efficient, accurate, and low-cost screening of amyloid aggregation inhibitors.

This study was conducted to determine the knowledge, preventive practices, and perceived difficulties of adolescent children of seasonal agricultural worker families during the COVID-19 pandemic. The cross-sectional study was carried out with 366 adolescents. After obtaining the necessary permissions, the data were collected with questionnaires prepared by the researchers and a perceived healthy lifestyle difficulty scale (score range 10-and-50). Descriptive statistical analyses and regression analysis were used to evaluate the data. The majority of the participants knew the transmission route and symptoms of the COVID-19 disease. Only 17.8% of adolescents were paying attention to the social distancing rule, and the majority of adolescents didn't wear masks in the settlements. In this sample, 41.3% of adolescents were washing their hands on average twice a day. Adolescents perceived difficulties regarding personal hygiene, accessing protective equipment, information sources, and health services. The adolescents scored low (20.45&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;2.62) on perceived healthy lifestyle difficulty scale which is associated with to the increased perceived difficulty in a healthy lifestyle. Although adolescents had knowledge regarding COVID-19 disease, their rate of performing the preventive measures was low. Specific action plans, guidelines, and policies should be developed and implemented to enhance reported health-related behaviors and mitigate the spread of infection, particularly among disadvantaged adolescents.