The Sixth Conference of the Parties (COP-6) to the Minamata Convention on Mercury-a treaty administered by the United Nations Environment Programme adopted a decision to phase out the manufacture, import, or export of dental amalgam by 2034. This article reviews the background of the Minamata Convention and China's implementation process, with a focus on analyzing the policy measures taken by China to phase down dental amalgam, the promotion and application of clinical alternative materials (such as composite resins), and the corresponding adjustments in dental education. At present, the usage rate of dental amalgam in oral clinical practice of China has dropped significantly, and composite resin has become the mainstream restorative material. China has provided practical references for global mercury pollution control through multi-departmental collaboration, scientific research support and professional training. 联合国环境规划署在2025年11月召开的《关于汞的水俣公约》第六次缔约国大会上讨论产生了关于牙科汞合金管控的最新决议，会议确定淘汰牙科汞合金生产及进出口贸易的时限为2034年。本文回顾了公约的出台背景及中国履约进程，重点分析了我国在逐步减少牙科汞合金使用方面的政策和举措、口腔医学领域中对临床替代材料复合树脂和牙科粘接系统的科学研究和临床推广应用，以及口腔医学教育内容的相应调整。目前，我国在口腔临床实践中银汞合金的使用率已大幅下降，复合树脂成为主流和首选牙体缺损修复材料。中国一直致力于通过多部门协同、科研支持与专业培训，为全球汞污染治理提供了实践参考。.
以罕见危重感染患儿千里救治案例为切入点，叙事团队精准诊疗、精细化护理、溯源治本的全过程，展现科室精湛的医疗技术与人文医者的爱心温度。科室始终坚守儿童健康守护初心，深耕临床、精修医术、勇担公卫使命，代代赓续医者仁心与责任担当，为儿童传染感染性疾病和肝病防治、公共卫生安全筑牢屏障，生动诠释了新时代儿科人的医者使命与家国情怀。.
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), a serious adverse effect associated with antiresorptive agents or certain antiangiogenic drugs, has become an important complication of concern to the fields of oral medicine, oncology, and bone metabolism disorders. Its prevention, early identification, and standardized management are of significant clinical importance. To guide clinical practice, several academic organizations have issued relevant guidelines or position papers. Although these guidelines are generally consistent in their overall principles, notable differences remain on certain key issues. This article takes the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) 2022 position paper as the central framework, and in conjunction with the Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme (SDCEP) clinical guidance and other international consensus statements, reviews and analyzes the definition, risk factors, preventive measures, and treatment strategies for MRONJ. This approach aims to facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the current evidence base and to provide clearer guidance for clinical practice. 药物相关性颌骨坏死（MRONJ）作为一种与抗骨吸收药物或某些抗血管生成药物相关的严重不良反应，已成为口腔医学、肿瘤学及骨代谢疾病领域共同关注的重要并发症，对其预防、早期识别和规范治疗具有重要意义。为了指导临床实践，多个学术组织陆续发布了相关指南或立场文件。尽管不同指南在总体原则上较一致，但在某些关键问题上仍存在明显的差异。本文以美国口腔颌面外科医师协会（AAOMS）2022立场文件为核心框架，结合英国苏格兰牙科临床有效性项目（SDCEP）临床指南及其他国际共识文件，对MRONJ的定义、危险因素、预防措施及治疗策略进行整合与分析，有助于更全面地理解当前证据基础，并为临床实践提供更清晰的参考依据。.
气管切开术是儿童重症监护病房（PICU）长期机械通气患儿的重要气道管理手段，随着慢性复杂疾病患儿生存率提高，术后并发症及连续管理问题备受关注。常见并发症包括意外脱管、套管阻塞、气管切开相关感染、气管结构性损伤及吞咽与交流功能障碍。近年来，管理模式逐渐由围术期处理扩展至PICU、普通病房及家庭的连续管理，强调标准化护理、多学科协作及家庭过渡照护。本文对主要并发症及连续管理进展进行综述，并分析当前证据的局限与争议。.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and clinical outcomes of transcatheter closure of intracristal ventricular septal defect (VSD) using an eccentric occluder. Methods: In this case series study, 39 children with intracristal VSD who underwent attempted transcatheter closure using an eccentric occluder at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2011 to December 2021 were included. All children were regularly followed up at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after the procedure. Echocardiography, electrocardiography and treadmill exercise testing were used for postoperative follow-up evaluation. The main outcomes included occlude morphology and position, residual shunt, valvular regurgitation, cardiac function, arrhythmia and postoperative exercise capacity. Comparisons among different follow-up time points were performed using the paired t-test or repeated-measures analysis of variance, Friedman test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Device implantation was successful in 38 of 39 children (97%). One child underwent surgical repair because the aortic valve prolapse protruded into the VSD shunt orifice, making transcatheter closure unsuitable. No severe complications occurred after the procedure. Follow-up showed that residual shunt was observed in 7 children (18%) after the procedure and disappeared within 24 months of follow-up. Valvular regurgitation occurred in 9 children (24%) and did not worsen during follow-up; in 7children, valvular regurgitation disappeared within 36 months. Arrhythmia occurred in 6 children (16%), including incomplete right bundle branch block in 2 children and premature ventricular contractions in 4 children. Five children resolved within 12 months, and the remaining 1 child resolved by 36 months of follow-up. Compared with baseline, the Z scores of left ventricular end-diastolic diameters and left atrial diameters showed a progressive decrease during the first 1 to 6 months after transcatheter closure (both P<0.05), and remained stable after 24 months. Right ventricular diameter and left ventricular ejection fraction showed no significant changes before and after the procedure (all P>0.05). A total of 20 children underwent treadmill exercise testing 1 year after the procedure, and 19 children (95%) had negative results. Conclusion: Transcatheter closure of intracristal VSD using an eccentric occluder is effective and feasible, with favorable safety and efficacy during short-and mid-term follow-up. 目的： 评价使用偏心型封堵器介入治疗嵴内型室间隔缺损（VSD）的效果及预后。 方法： 病例系列研究。收集2011年1月至2021年12月于温州医科大学附属第二医院接受偏心型封堵器介入治疗的39例嵴内型VSD 患儿的临床资料。所有患儿术后第1、3、6、12、24和36个月规律随访，采用超声心动图、心电图及运动平板试验进行术后随访评估。主要观察指标包括封堵器形态与位置、残余分流、瓣膜反流、心脏功能、心律失常及术后运动能力，不同随访时间点之间比较采用配对t检验或重复测量方差分析，Friedman检验或Wilcoxon符号秩检验。 结果： 39例嵴内型VSD患儿中38例（97%）成功植入了偏心型封堵器，1例因主动脉瓣脱垂凸入VSD分流口，不适合封堵，改外科手术治疗。38例患儿介入术后均未发生严重并发症，7例（18%）存在残余分流，随访24个月均消失；9例（24%）出现瓣膜反流，随访期间未见加重，其中7例在术后36个月内消失；6例（16%）发生心律失常，包括2例不完全性右束支传导阻滞和4例室性期前收缩，其中5例在术后12个月内恢复正常，1例在术后36个月内恢复正常。与术前相比，左心室舒张末期内径Z值及左心房内径Z值在术后1~6个月呈进行性下降（均P<0.05），24个月后趋于稳定。右心室内径及左心室射血分数术前术后比较差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。20例患儿术后1年接受了运动平板试验，19例（95%）阴性。 结论： 经导管使用偏心型封堵器介入治疗嵴内型VSD疗效确切，短中期随访安全性和有效性良好。.
The quality of occupational health technical services directly affects the accuracy of occupational disease prevention and control and the scientific basis of prevention and control decisions. With the further implementation of the "Healthy China" strategy, the supervision of occupational health technical service institutions is undergoing a transition from "heavy pre-approval" to "strengthened in-process and post-process supervision". This paper systematically reviews and compares the relevant laws, regulations, departmental rules, and technical standard systems pertaining to occupational health technical services, and thoroughly examines the issues and deficiencies in the structure of the regulatory framework, grassroots law enforcement capacity, and standard update mechanisms. The study found that China had established a full-process regulatory framework covering five categories of occupational health technical service institutions, with breakthroughs in areas such as "Internet+supervision" and credit-based regulation. However, prominent problems remained in the establishment of regulatory policies, grassroots supervision and enforcement, the updating of technical standards, and industry self-discipline. Therefore, this paper recommends comprehensive measures including the establishment of regulatory system, enhancing grassroots capacity, accelerating the iterative updating of technical standards, and promoting collaborative governance. It also calls for accelerating the development of smart regulation and credit systems to strengthen the legal and technical safeguards for the health rights and interests of workers. 职业健康技术服务的质量直接关系到职业病防治工作是否精准，防控决策是否科学。随着"健康中国"战略的深入推进，职业健康技术服务机构监管正经历从"重事前审批"到"强事中事后监管"转型。本文围绕职业健康技术服务相关法律法规、部门规章及技术标准体系展开系统梳理与比较研究，系统研究监管体系的构成、基层执法能力及标准更新机制等方面存在的问题和不足。研究发现，我国已构建覆盖五类职业健康技术服务机构的全流程监管框架，在"互联网+监管"、信用监管等领域有所突破，但在法规政策建立、基层监督执法、技术标准更新、行业自律约束等方面依然问题突出。因此，建议从法规制度建设、基层能力扩容、技术标准快速迭代、协同治理等方面综合施策，加速智慧监管与信用体系建设，筑牢劳动者健康权益的法律与技术保障。.
Tooth extraction is a common procedure in oral clinical practice. However, imaging interpretation, risk assessment, and perioperative management remain challenging for complex cases. In recent years, artificial intelligence(AI) has been increasingly applied to oral image recognition, anatomical structure segmentation, extraction difficulty assessment, complication risk prediction, surgical planning, and robot-assisted surgery, providing new approaches for improving clinical efficiency and supporting clinical decision-making. Nevertheless, several limitations remain in current studies. The identification of high-risk anatomical structures does not directly translate into actual surgical risk, model prediction endpoints are often disconnected from real-world clinical outcomes, insufficient coverage of rare imaging features limits the clinical applicability of existing models and problems related to uneven data quality, algorithmic limitations, and study design defects coexist. In addition, issues concerning clinical accessibility, responsibility delineation, and ethical regulation have also begun to emerge. We believe that AI should be positioned as a physician-led clinical assistive tool rather than an independent decision-maker. Future research should focus on the construction of high-quality datasets covering rare imaging features, multicenter prospective validation based on clinical outcomes, and the establishment of standardized human-machine collaboration frameworks, so that AI can truly contribute to enhanced safety, optimized clinical workflows, and better patient outcomes in complex tooth extraction. 牙拔除术是口腔临床常见手术，但复杂病例的影像判读、风险评估和围手术期管理仍存在一定难度。近年来，人工智能（AI）逐渐应用于口腔影像识别、解剖结构分割、拔牙难度评估、并发症风险预测、手术规划及手术机器人辅助等临床环节，为提高诊疗效率和辅助临床决策提供了新思路。然而，目前相关研究仍存在若干不足：高风险结构识别结果尚不能直接反映手术风险，模型预测终点与真实临床结局存在脱节，罕见影像特征覆盖不足制约模型临床适用性，数据质量不均、算法局限与研究设计不足并存，临床可及性、责任界定与伦理规范问题也已初步显现。笔者认为，AI应被定位为医师主导下的临床辅助工具。未来研究应聚焦于覆盖罕见影像特征的高质量数据集建设、多中心前瞻性临床结局验证及人机协同规范建立，使AI真正服务于复杂牙拔除术的安全性提升、诊疗流程优化和患者结局改善。.
In 2024, the Board of Trustees of the American Association of Orthodontists (AAO) established a special task force consisting of AAO members, academics, and clinicians deeply engaged in the field of dental sleep medicine to evaluate and update the content of the 2019 White Paper entitled Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Orthodontics. This paper presents a professional interpretation of the updated white paper. By integrating the national contextual differences in orthodontic clinical practice between China and other countries, it clarifies the core positioning and professional boundaries of orthodontists in the management of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Meanwhile, based on the actual clinical situation in China, it provides practical guidance for orthodontists to implement the concepts of the white paper and standardize clinical practices. 2024年，美国正畸医师协会理事会组建专项工作组，成员包括正畸学会会员以及深耕睡眠医学领域的口腔学者与临床医师，评估并更新2019年版《阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停与正畸学白皮书》内容，发布《睡眠呼吸障碍与口腔正畸：美国正畸医师协会白皮书2026年更新》。本文针对此次更新的白皮书展开专业解读，结合中外正畸临床国情差异，明晰正畸医师在睡眠呼吸障碍诊疗中的核心定位，同时立足我国临床实际，为正畸医师践行白皮书理念、规范临床操作提供实践指引。.
Objective: To investigate the risk factors of vascular function damage in children with primary hypertension and establish a risk prediction model. Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, a total of 117 children aged 6-17 years with primary hypertension, hospitalized at Capital Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, between February 2024 and October 2025 were included. Flow mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) were used as indicators of vascular function impairment. The children were divided into a vascular function damage group and a normal vascular function group according to the presence or absence of vascular function damage. Independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used for intergroup comparison of measurement data, χ2 test or Fisher's exact test was used for enumeration data. Differences in clinical, laboratory and vascular function-related indicators were compared between the two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression was employed to identify independent risk factors, based on which a nomogram was constructed. The predictive performance was verified by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Among 117 hypertensive children, there were 92 (78.6%) males and 25 (21.4%) females, with the age of (13.0±2.1) years at admission. There was 58 (49.6%) with vascular function damage. The body fat percentage, 24 h mean systolic blood pressure, daytime systolic blood pressure, nocturnal systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, homocysteine, folic acid, fasting insulin, uric acid and cfPWV levels in the vascular function damage group (58 cases) were significantly higher than those in the normal group (59 cases), while the FMD level in the vascular function damage group was significantly lower than that in the normal group (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression identified that: nocturnal systolic blood pressure (SBP) (OR=1.06, 95%CI 1.01-1.10, P=0.019), serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (OR=5.51,95%CI 2.41-12.58,P<0.001), and homocysteine (OR=1.11,95%CI 1.03-1.19,P=0.005) were independent risk factors for vascular function damage. A nomogram prediction model was constructed accordingly, and the Logistic regression equation was: Logit(P)=-10.73+0.05×nocturnal systolic blood pressure+1.71×low-density lipoprotein+0.10×homocysteine. The ROC curve for the nomogram showed an area under curve of 0.82 (95%CI 0.74-0.89, P<0.001), with a sensitivity of 0.76 and a specificity of 0.71. Conclusion: Nocturnal systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein and homocysteine are independent risk factors for vascular function damage in children with primary hypertension. 目的： 探讨原发性高血压患儿血管功能损伤的影响因素，构建风险预测模型。 方法： 病例对照研究。选取2024年2月至2025年10月在首都医科大学附属首都儿童医学中心住院的6~17岁原发性高血压患儿117例为研究对象，以血流介导的血管舒张功能（FMD）和颈-股动脉脉搏波传导速度（cfPWV）作为血管功能损伤的评估指标，根据患儿是否存在血管功能损伤分为血管功能损伤组与血管功能正常组，组间比较采用独立样本t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验、χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法，比较两组临床、实验室及血管功能相关指标的差异。采用多因素Logistic回归筛选独立危险因素并构建列线图模型，通过受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评价预测效能。 结果： 117例患儿中男92例（78.6%），女25例（21.4%），就诊时年龄（13.0±2.1）岁。58例（49.6%）患儿存在血管功能损伤。血管功能损伤组（58例）患儿体脂率、24 h平均收缩压、日间收缩压、夜间收缩压、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、同型半胱氨酸、叶酸、空腹胰岛素、尿酸以及cfPWV水平均高于血管功能正常组（59例），FMD水平低于血管功能正常组（均P<0.05）。多因素Logistic分析显示，夜间收缩压（OR=1.06，95%CI 1.01~1.10，P=0.019）、血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（OR=5.51，95%CI 2.41~12.58，P<0.001）和同型半胱氨酸（OR=1.11，95%CI 1.03~1.19，P=0.005）均为血管功能损伤独立危险因素。依此构建列线图预测模型，Logistic回归方程为：Logit（P）=-10.73+0.05×夜间收缩压+1.71×低密度脂蛋白胆固醇+0.10×同型半胱氨酸，ROC曲线显示曲线下面积0.82（95%CI 0.74~0.89，P<0.001），灵敏度和特异度分别为0.76和0.71。 结论： 夜间收缩压、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、同型半胱氨酸是原发性高血压患儿血管功能损伤的独立危险因素。.
随着对间质性肺疾病（ILD）研究的不断深入，相关的分类、术语和定义持续更新。2025年欧洲呼吸学会和美国胸科学会对间质性肺炎分类术语进行了重大修订，费莱舍尔学会和美国胸科学会也分别对ILD相关术语和肺间质异常提出新标准。准确理解和应用这些术语，对规范儿童ILD的诊断、分型、治疗以及开展多中心研究具有重要意义。.
Objective: To investigate the clinical manifestations, muscle imaging features, and muscle pathological characteristics of juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted including 76 children with IIM admitted to Children's Medical Center, Peking University First Hospital from January 2012 to January 2024. Clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, muscle imaging features, and muscle pathological characteristics were compared between the major subtypes of dermatomyositis and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM). Independent sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U test, and χ2 test or Fisher's exact test were used to compare differences in characteristics between groups. Results: Among 76 children with IIM, 30 were males and 46 were females, with the age of onset at 5.0 (3.0, 8.0) years. Of these 76 children, 57 children were diagnosed with dermatomyositis, 15 children with immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) and 4 children with overlap myositis. The proportion of heliotrope rash, Gottron's sign, and antinuclear antibody positivity were all higher in the dermatomyositis group than those in the IMNM group (63% (36/57) vs.1/15, 47% (27/57) vs. 0/15, and 68% (32/47) vs. 5/14, respectively, all P<0.05), whereas serum creatine kinase (CK), alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase levels were all lower (all P<0.05). The proportion of myositis specific autoantibody positivity was also lower in the dermatomyositis group than in the IMNM group (52% (24/46) vs. 13/14, P=0.006). Muscle MRI showed that subcutaneous soft tissue edema was more frequently observed in the dermatomyositis group than in the IMNM group (28% (14/50) vs. 0/14, P=0.005), whereas muscle fatty infiltration was less common in the dermatomyositis group (16% (8/50) vs. 9/14, P<0.001). On muscle pathology, perifascicular muscle fiber atrophy and perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as sarcoplasmic myxovirus resistance protein A expression on perifascicular myofibers, were more common in the dermatomyositis group (78% (28/36) vs. 1/7, 89% (32/36) vs.1/7 and 10/14 vs. 0/4, respectively, all P<0.05), while muscle fiber necrosis, perimysial hyperplasia, and endomysial hyperplasia were more common in the IMNM group (7/7 vs. 33% (12/36), 2/7 vs. 0/36 and 4/7 vs. 3% (1/36), respectively, all P<0.05). Conclusions: There are differences between the 2 major juvenile IIM subtypes in terms of clinical manifestations, muscle MRI findings, and muscle pathological features. Dermatomyositis is more likely to present with characteristic skin rashes and perifascicular muscle fiber pathological changes, whereas IMNM is characterized by markedly elevated serum CK levels and prominent muscle fiber necrosis, and is more frequently associated with muscle fatty infiltration. 目的： 探讨儿童特发性炎症性肌病（IIM）患儿的临床表现、肌肉影像学及肌肉病理特征。 方法： 回顾性队列研究，纳入2012年1月至2024年1月北京大学第一医院儿童医学中心就诊的76例IIM患儿。比较IIM两种主要亚型即皮肌炎和免疫介导性坏死性肌病（IMNM）的临床表现、实验室检查结果、肌肉影像学及肌肉病理学特征。采用独立样本t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验、χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法进行组间比较。 结果： 76例IIM患儿中男30例、女46例，发病年龄为5.0（3.0，8.0）岁，其中皮肌炎57例、IMNM15例、重叠性肌炎4例。皮肌炎组患儿向阳疹、Gottron征发生率和抗核抗体阳性比例均高于IMNM组［63%（36/57）比1/15、47%（27/57）比0/15、68%（32/47）比5/14，均P<0.05］，血清肌酸激酶、丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶水平均低于IMNM组（均P<0.05），肌炎特异性抗体阳性率亦低于IMNM组［52%（24/46）比13/14，P=0.006］。在肌肉MRI中，皮肌炎组患儿皮下软组织水肿发生率高于IMNM组［28%（14/50）比0/14，P=0.005］，肌肉脂肪化发生率低于IMNM组［16%（8/50）比9/14，P<0.001］。在肌肉病理学检查中，皮肌炎组患儿束周肌纤维萎缩及血管周围炎症细胞浸润、束周肌纤维肌浆黏液病毒抵抗蛋白阳性表达更常见［78%（28/36）比1/7、89%（32/36）比1/7、10/14比0/4，均P<0.05］，IMNM组患儿肌纤维坏死、肌束衣增生和肌内衣增生更常见［7/7比33%（12/36）、2/7比0/36、4/7比3%（1/36），均P<0.05］。 结论： 儿童IIM两个主要亚型在临床表现、肌肉MRI及肌肉病理特征方面存在明显差异。皮肌炎更易表现为特征性皮疹及肌纤维束周为主病理改变；而IMNM则以血清肌酸激酶显著升高、肌纤维坏死为特征，更易合并肌肉脂肪化。.
3月龄患儿以腹泻、体重增长缓慢起病，临床表现为腹泻、生长障碍、贫血和低蛋白血症。全外显子组测序发现TMPRSS15基因检出c.863C>G（p.Ser288Ter）纯合变异，父母均携带c.863C>G（p.Ser288Ter）杂合变异，诊断为肠激酶缺乏症。予胰蛋白酶替代治疗及对症支持治疗后排便正常，体重逐渐增加。.
Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is one of the most challenging diseases in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery, mainly including osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ) and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). With the continuous improvement in comprehensive treatment strategies for head and neck malignancies and the increasingly widespread clinical use of antiresorptive agents and antiangiogenic drugs, the incidence of ONJ has shown a gradual upward trend. Clinically, the disease is commonly characterized by exposed necrotic bone, chronic infection, progressive destruction of the jawbone, and functional impairment, which not only severely compromises patients' quality of life but also poses substantial challenges to clinical management. In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in the understanding of the pathogenesis of ONJ, the establishment of classification and staging systems, and the development of consensus guidelines for standardized diagnosis and treatment, leading to notable improvements in clinical management. Meanwhile, advances in precision medicine, digital surgery, and regenerative medicine have provided new perspectives and therapeutic strategies for the management of ONJ. Based on recent domestic and international research progress, this article discusses the clinical challenges, advances in diagnosis and treatment, and future development directions of ONJ, aiming to provide insights for further improving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and promoting continued research in this field. 颌骨坏死（ONJ）是口腔颌面外科领域最具挑战性的疾病之一，主要包括放射性颌骨坏死（ORNJ）及药物相关性颌骨坏死（MRONJ）。随着头颈肿瘤综合治疗水平的不断提高，以及抗骨吸收药物、抗血管生成药物等临床应用的日益广泛，ONJ的临床发生率呈逐渐上升趋势。该疾病常表现为骨组织暴露、慢性感染、颌骨破坏及功能障碍，不仅严重影响患者生活质量，也给临床诊疗带来巨大挑战。近年来，随着对发病机制认识的不断深入、分类分期体系的逐步建立及规范化诊疗共识的发布，ONJ临床诊疗水平显著提升。同时，精准医学、数字化外科及再生医学等新技术的发展，为ONJ的治疗提供了新的思路和路径。本文结合近年来国内外研究进展，从临床挑战、诊疗突破及未来发展方向等方面进行探讨，旨在为推动ONJ诊疗理念的完善及相关研究的深入提供参考与思考。.
Infectious oral diseases represent the most prevalent categories of oral conditions, including dental caries, periodontitis, periapical lesions, and pericoronitis. Their bidirectional relationship with mental health has emerged as a critical interdisciplinary research frontier. This paper integrates epidemiological findings and molecular mechanism evidence to analyze the significant comorbidity and correlation characteristics between infectious oral diseases such as caries and periodontitis, and psychological disorders including depression and anxiety. Oral diseases not only directly impair mental well-being through pain, functional impairment, and social anxiety, but also induce systemic inflammatory responses that disrupt the blood-brain barrier, activate microglia, and alter neurotransmitter metabolism, thereby contributing to functional dysregulation within emotional regulatory centers. The dysbiosis of the oral microbiota caused by infectious oral diseases plays a central role in the vicious cycle of "oral infection-mental health disorders" through the"oral-gut-brain axis", inflammation-mediated neuroimmune cascades, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation. Meanwhile, mental disorders exacerbate oral microbial imbalance and tissue destruction through poor oral hygiene behaviors, xerostomia induced by psychotropic medications, and stress-related neuroendocrine alterations. This paper advocates for synergistically integrate oral clinical interventions with mental health improvement strategies, and for the development of microbiome-targeted precision modulation approaches. It further proposes an integrated health management paradigm that bridges dentistry and psychiatry, providing both theoretical foundations and practical pathways to transcend traditional disciplinary boundaries and achieve holistic oral-mental co-management. 口腔感染性疾病是发病率较高的一类口腔疾病，以龋病、牙周病、根尖周病、冠周炎为代表，其与心理疾病的双向关联已成为跨学科研究的重要前沿。本文整合了流行病学与分子机制研究证据，分析龋病、牙周炎等口腔感染性疾病与抑郁、焦虑障碍等心理健康问题之间存在的显著共病关系与相关性。口腔疾病不仅通过疼痛、功能障碍与社交焦虑直接损害心理健康，还可能诱发系统性炎症反应，通过破坏血脑屏障、激活小胶质细胞及改变神经递质代谢直接参与情绪调节中枢的功能紊乱。口腔感染性疾病所致的口腔菌群稳态失衡，可通过“口腔-肠-脑轴”、炎症介质驱动的神经免疫炎症级联反应以及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴功能紊乱等在“口腔感染性疾病-心理健康障碍”恶性循环中起到核心作用。同时，心理疾病可通过口腔卫生行为退化、精神类药物所致口干症及应激相关神经内分泌改变，显著加剧口腔菌群失调与组织破坏。本文提出应推动口腔临床干预与心理健康改善的协同，发展以微生物组为靶点的精准调控策略，构建融合口腔医学与精神医学的综合健康管理范式，为突破传统单科诊疗局限、实现口-心共治提供理论依据与实践路径。.
Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of pedicled flaps for repairing oral mucosa defects in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), and to analyze the indications for different types of pedicled flaps. Methods: The clinical data of 158 MRONJ patients who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the Department of Maxillofacial Trauma and Orthognathic Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University from January 2019 to December 2024 were retrospectively analyzed, including 74 males (46.8%) and 84 females (53.2%).The mean age was (59.2±10.7) years (range, from 20 to 87 years old). According to the method of soft tissue repair, the patients were divided into direct suture group (61 cases) and pedicled tissue flap group (97 cases, including 80 cases of buccal fat pad flap and 17 cases of submental island flap). The rate of secondary operation was compared between the two groups. Multivariate binary Logistic regression and subgroup analysis were used to evaluate the efficacy and influencing factors of pedicled tissue flaps, and the comparison between the buccal fat pad flap and submental island flap was performed. Results: The median follow-up time was 36 months. Univariate analysis showed that the secondary operation rate was 68.9% (42/61) in the direct suture group, which was significantly higher than 16.5% (16/97) in the pedicled tissue flap group (P<0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors such as age and lesion location, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that pedicled tissue flap was an independent protective factor against the risk of secondary surgery (OR=0.049, P<0.001). Stage 3 disease was an independent risk factor for secondary surgery (OR=8.455, P=0.002). Subgroup analysis showed that the secondary operation rate of pedicled tissue flap was significantly lower than that of direct suture in stage 3 group, mandibular group,<65 years group, male group and female group (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference among stage 2 group, maxillary group and≥65 years group (all P>0.05), but the trend of protection was the same. The secondary operation rate was 17.5% (14/80) in the buccal fat pad flap group and 2/17 in the submental island flap group. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.730). Conclusions: The use of pedicled tissue flap for repairing oral mucosal wounds can significantly reduce the risk of secondary surgery for MRONJ, and the effect is superior to direct suture. Buccal fat pad flap is the first choice for maxillary and retromolar mucosal defects, and submental island flap can be used for large mandibular mucosal defects. 目的： 探讨带蒂组织瓣在修复药物相关性颌骨坏死（MRONJ）中口腔黏膜缺损的临床疗效，并分析不同类型带蒂组织瓣的适应证。 方法： 回顾性分析2019年1月至2024年12月空军军医大学口腔医院颌面创伤与正颌外科收治且符合纳入标准的158例MRONJ患者的临床资料，其中男74例（46.8%），女84例（53.2%）；年龄（59.2±10.7）岁（20~87岁）。根据软组织修复方式分为直接缝合组（61例）、带蒂组织瓣组（97例，其中颊脂垫瓣80例，颏下岛状瓣17例）。比较两组二次手术率，采用多因素二元Logistic回归及亚组分析评估带蒂组织瓣的疗效及影响因素，并对颊脂垫瓣与颏下岛状瓣进行组间比较。 结果： 全组术后中位随访时间36个月。单因素分析显示，直接缝合组二次手术率［68.9%（42/61）］显著高于带蒂组织瓣组［16.5%（16/97）］（P<0.001）。校正年龄、病变部位等混杂因素后，多因素Logistic回归分析显示，带蒂组织瓣是降低二次手术风险的独立保护性因素（OR=0.049，P<0.001）；3期病变是增加二次手术风险的独立危险因素（OR=8.455，P=0.002）。亚组分析显示，在3期组、下颌组、<65岁组、男性组和女性组中，带蒂组织瓣的二次手术率均显著低于直接缝合（均P<0.05）；在2期组、上颌组及≥65岁组中差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05），但保护趋势一致。不同带蒂组织瓣组间分析显示，颊脂垫瓣组二次手术率［17.5%（14/80）］与颏下岛状瓣组（2/17）的差异无统计学意义（P=0.730）。 结论： 使用带蒂组织瓣修复口腔黏膜伤口可显著降低MRONJ二次手术风险，疗效优于直接缝合。上颌及磨牙后区黏膜缺损可优先考虑颊脂垫瓣修复，下颌较大范围的黏膜缺损可选颏下岛状瓣修复。.
Objective: To assess the sulfur dioxide detection capabilities of occupational health laboratories through a comparative study of workplace air sulfur dioxide measurement proficiency, and to analyze the primary factors influencing measurement accuracy. Methods: From June to September 2024, sulfur dioxide comparison samples were prepared, undergoing homogeneity testing and stability evaluation, followed by collaborative calibration. The test results from participating laboratories were evaluated using the designated reference value range method. Analysis of non-compliant results was conducted by reviewing laboratory reports and records, with further investigation into measurement influencing factors. Results: The statistical F-value for homogeneity testing was below the critical threshold (P>0.05), indicating uniform sulfur dioxide distribution in the samples. The t-value for stability testing was also below the critical threshold (P>0.05), confirming sample stability under room temperature conditions for three months. The overall pass rate for laboratory comparisons was 85.0% (150/180). Non-compliance primarily stemmed from issues with reference standards, reagents, and testing conditions. Key influencing factors for sulfur dioxide determination by the formaldehyde method included the addition method of chromogenic reagents and precise control of reaction duration and temperature. Conclusion: The participating laboratories demonstrated generally high sulfur dioxide detection proficiency, though some institutions require further improvement in testing capabilities. Precise control of testing conditions and enhanced quality control measures are crucial for improving the accuracy of sulfur dioxide measurement results. 目的： 通过组织工作场所空气中二氧化硫检测能力比对，了解职业卫生检测实验室二氧化硫检测水平，并分析探讨主要的测定影响因素。 方法： 于2024年6月至9月，制备二氧化硫比对样品，对样品进行均匀性检验和稳定性评价并通过协作定值为样品赋值；采用指定参考值范围法评定各参加实验室的检测结果；通过查看各参加实验室提交的报告及记录分析结果不合格原因，结合试验探讨测定影响因素。 结果： 样品均匀性检验的统计量F小于临界值（P>0.05），即样品中的二氧化硫是均匀的；稳定性检验统计量t小于临界值（P>0.05），即样品在室温条件下保存3个月是稳定的。实验室比对结果总合格率为85.0%（153/180）；结果不合格的主要原因在于溯源标准、试剂及检测条件；显色剂加入方式、显色反应的时间和温度控制是甲醛法测定二氧化硫的主要影响因素。 结论： 参加比对的实验室二氧化硫检测水平总体较高，部分机构实验室检测能力有待提高；精准控制检测条件、加强质量控制措施对提高二氧化硫检测结果的准确性尤为重要。.
Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of pediatric precursor lymphoid neoplasms with KMT2A gene rearrangement. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, clinical data of 47 children with KMT2A gene rearrangement precursor lymphoid neoplasms diagnosed at the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January 2018 to November 2024 were collected, so as to describe their clinical characteristics. According to whether hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was performed during first complete remission (CR1), children were divided into CR1 transplantation group and CR1 chemotherapy group, survival rates comparison and prognostic factor analysis were performed between two groups. For relapsed children in the CR1 chemotherapy group, they were further subdivided into a transplantation salvage group and a chemotherapy salvage group based on salvage therapy modality, and post-relapse survival rates were compared between the two subgroups. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Prognostic factors were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results: Among the 47 patients, there were 27 males and 20 females, with the age of 0.8 (0.4, 2.4) years. B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia accounted for 85% (40 cases). The initial white blood cell count was 89×10⁹ (27×10⁹, 302×10⁹)/L. Central nervous system leukemia was diagnosed in 10 children(22%, 46 children had central nervous system assessment). A total of 43 children were included in the efficacy evaluation, with a follow-up of 30.1 (13.8, 47.7) months. The 3-year overall survival and event-free survival (EFS) rates were (68.2±7.3) % and (51.7±8.0) %, respectively. The CR1 transplantation group (17 children) had significantly better 3-year overall survival and EFS rates than the CR1 chemotherapy group (26 children)(100.0% vs. (47.2±10.1) %, (84.7±10.3) % vs. (29.6±9.1) %, χ²=12.68 and 16.03, both P<0.001). The transplantation salvage group (4 children) had a higher 18-month overall survival rate than the chemotherapy salvage group (14 children) (100.0% vs. (8.9±8.4)%, χ²=10.07, P=0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that negativity of minimal residual disease detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR-MRD) at week 12 of induction therapy (HR=0.29, 95%CI 0.10-0.83, P=0.022) and HSCT (HR=0.15, 95%CI 0.05-0.44, P<0.001) were both independent protective factors for EFS. Conclusion: Pediatric KMT2A gene rearrangement precursor lymphoid neoplasms are clinically highly aggressive and have a poor prognosis, but negative qPCR-MRD at week 12 of induction therapy and HSCT are independent protective factors for EFS. 目的： 探讨伴KMT2A基因重排儿童前体淋巴细胞肿瘤的临床特征及预后因素。 方法： 回顾性队列研究。收集并分析2018年1月至2024年11月郑州大学附属儿童医院收治的47例伴KMT2A基因重排前体淋巴细胞肿瘤患儿的临床特征。根据第1次完全缓解（CR1）期是否接受异基因造血干细胞移植（HSCT）治疗分为CR1期移植组与CR1期化学治疗（简称化疗）组，比较两组患儿的生存率并进行预后因素分析；根据挽救治疗方式将CR1期化疗组中复发患儿分为移植挽救治疗组与化疗挽救治疗组，比较两组患儿复发后的生存率。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并行Log-Rank检验，Cox比例风险回归模型分析预后因素。 结果： 47例患儿中男27例、女20例，年龄0.8（0.4，2.4）岁，急性B淋巴细胞白血病40例（85%），初诊时白细胞计数89×10⁹（27×10⁹，302×10⁹）/L。46例患儿评估中枢状态，10例（22%）合并中枢神经系统白血病。43例纳入疗效评估，随访30.1（13.8，47.7）个月，3年总生存率、无事件生存率（EFS）分别为（68.2±7.3）%、（51.7±8.0）%。CR1期移植组（17例）3年总生存率、EFS高于CR1期化疗组（26例）［100.0%比（47.2±10.1）%、（84.7±10.3）%比（29.6±9.1）%，χ²=12.68、16.03，均P<0.001］。移植挽救治疗组（4例）18个月总生存率高于化疗挽救治疗组（14例）［100.0%比（8.9±8.4）%，χ²=10.07，P=0.002］。多因素Cox回归分析显示，诱导治疗第12周实时荧光定量PCR检测的微小残留病（qPCR-MRD）阴性（HR=0.29，95%CI 0.10~0.83，P=0.022）与HSCT（HR=0.15，95%CI 0.05~0.44，P<0.001）是EFS的独立保护因素。 结论： 伴KMT2A基因重排的儿童前体淋巴细胞肿瘤呈高度侵袭性、预后差，但诱导治疗第12周qPCR-MRD阴性和HSCT是EFS的独立保护因素。.
Objective: To delineate the pathogen spectrum and epidemiological features of acute respiratory infections (ARI) among pediatric patients in Beijing during 2024-2025. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1 435 children diagnosed with ARI were enrolled from outpatient, emergency, respiratory medicine, and critical care medicine department of Capital Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University between July 2024 and June 2025. Respiratory specimens were collected and screened for 28 respiratory pathogens using multiplex real-time quantitative PCR. Specimens positive for influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), and human rhinovirus were further subtyped. Patients were categorized into influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) groups. Positivity rates across different sources, visit periods, and age groups were compared using the chi-square test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results: Among the 1 435 children, there were 770 males and 665 females, with an age at presentation was 6.7 (4.4, 12.6) years. The total positive rate for the 28 pathogens was 80.5% (1 155/1 435). The ILI group comprised 1 040 cases (549 males, 491 females) with age at presentation was 6.8 (4.5, 12.8) years and the positive rate of 76.6% (797/1 040). Common viral pathogens included human rhinovirus 15.7% (163/1 040), human parainfluenza-virus (HPIV) 10.3% (107/1 040), and Influenza virus 7.1% (74/1 040), while common bacterial and atypical pathogens included Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) 18.7% (194/1 040), Haemophilus influenzae (HI) 18.4% (191/1 040), and Streptococcus pneumonia (SP) 17.1% (178/1 040). The SARI group comprised 395 cases (221 males, 174 females) with age at presentation was 6.5 (4.0, 12.3) years and the positive rate of 90.6% (358/395). Common viral pathogens included human rhinovirus 17.2% (68/395), RSV 9.9% (39/395), and HPIV 7.1% (28/395), while common bacterial and atypical pathogens included MP 51.4% (203/395), SP 15.4% (61/395), and HI 13.4% (53/395). Co-detections of multiple pathogens accounted for 43.0% (497/1 155) of all positive cases. The positivity rates of RSV and MP in the SARI group were significantly higher than those in the ILI group (both P<0.001). RSV positive rate was the highest in children under 1 year of age, accounting for 15.3% (13/85), while MP positive rate was the highest in children aged 7 to 18 years, accounting for 38.1% (205/538). Typing results revealed that 96.5% (83/86) were typed to H1N1 among influenza virus A cases, while 58.3% (42/72) were genotyped as RSV-A ON1 among RSV cases, 86.3% (63/73) were subtyped to B2 among HMPV cases, and 45.0% (104/231) were typed to human rhinovirus-A among human rhinovirus cases. Conclusion: The pathogen spectrum of pediatric patients with ARI in Beijing from 2024 to 2025 was characterized by the alternation or co-circulation of multiple bacteria and viruses, a high rate of co-detection of multiple pathogens, and different between SARI and ILI groups. Influenza virus was dominated by H1N1, RSV by RSV-A, HMPV by HMPV-B2, and human rhinovirus by human rhinovirus-A. 目的： 分析2024—2025年北京地区儿童急性呼吸道感染（ARI）病原谱及各病原流行特征。 方法： 横断面研究，纳入2024年7月至2025年6月就诊于首都医科大学附属首都儿童医学中心门急诊、呼吸内科、重症医学科的1 435例ARI患儿，收集患儿呼吸道标本，应用多重实时荧光定量PCR进行28种呼吸道病原体检测，其中流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、人偏肺病毒（HMPV）、鼻病毒阳性样本进一步分型。根据临床诊断分为流行性感冒样病例（ILI）组及严重急性呼吸道感染（SARI）组。采用χ2检验和Wilcoxon秩和检验比较不同来源、不同就诊时间、不同年龄患儿的各病原检出差异。 结果： 1 435例患儿中，男770例、女665例，就诊年龄6.7（4.4，12.6）岁，28种病原总阳性检出率为80.5%（1 155/1 435）。ILI组1 040例，男549例，女491例，就诊年龄6.8（4.5，12.8）岁，阳性检出率76.6%（797/1 040），常见病毒病原有鼻病毒15.7%（163/1 040）、副流感病毒（HPIV）10.3%（107/1 040）、流感病毒7.1%（74/1 040），常见细菌及非典型病原体有肺炎支原体（MP）18.7%（194/1 040）、流感嗜血杆菌（HI）18.4%（191/1 040）、肺炎链球菌（SP）17.1%（178/1 040）。SARI组395例，男221例、女174例，就诊年龄6.5（4.0，12.3）岁，阳性检出率90.6%（358/395），常见病毒病原有鼻病毒17.2%（68/395）、RSV 9.9%（39/395）、HPIV 7.1%（28/395），常见细菌及非典型病原体有MP 51.4%（203/395）、SP 15.4%（61/395）、HI 13.4%（53/395）。多病原混合检出病例占总阳性病例的43.0%（497/1 155）。SARI组RSV及MP阳性检出率均高于ILI组（均P<0.001）。RSV在<1岁患儿中检出率最高，占15.3%（13/85），MP在7~18岁患儿中检出率最高，占38.1%（205/538）。流感病毒中甲型流感H1N1病毒（H1N1）96.5%（83/86）、RSV中A亚型ON1基因型58.3%（42/72）、HMPV中B2亚型86.3%（63/73）、鼻病毒中A组 45.0%（104/231）。 结论： 2024—2025年北京地区儿童ARI病原谱呈现多种细菌与病毒交替或混合流行的特征，有较高的混合检出。SARI组与ILI组病原谱存在差异。流感病毒H1N1、RSV中A亚型、HMPV中B2亚型、鼻病毒A组为主。.
Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics, molecular genetic features, diagnosis and treatment of pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) with myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D) gene rearrangement. Methods: In this case series study, clinical data of 9 children newly diagnosed B-ALL with MEF2D gene rearranged, admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2020 to June 2025 were collected. The clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, treatment regimens, and outcomes of these patients were systematically analyzed. Results: A total of 9 chlidren were enrolled (3 boys and 6 girls), with the diagnostic age of 12.0 (11.0, 13.8) years. Five children initially presented with fever accompanied by arthralgia. Immunophenotyping revealed that 1 child was early precursor B-ALL and the remaining 8 children were common B-ALL. Uniformly high expression of CD38 and absence of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin M (cIgM) expression in all 9 children. Bone marrow smear examination demonstrated cytoplasmic vacuolization in 5 children. RNA sequencing detected 5 types of MEF2D gene fusion partners, including BCL9 gene in 4 children, FOXJ2 gene in 2 children, and 1 child each of DAZAP1 gene, SS18 gene, and ARNT gene. Heterozygous deletions of CDKN2A or CDKN2B gene were detected in 6 children, and 8 children exhibited concurrent gene variations. Induction therapy with the vincristine+daunorubicin+L-asparaginase+prednisone (VDLP) regimen was administered to all 9 children in accordance with＂the Clinical Practice Guideline for Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2018)＂. At the end of induction remission therapy, minimal residual disease (MRD) assessed by flow cytometry were all negative (<0.01%) in all cases. One child was lost to follow-up during the maintenance phase. Three children experienced relapse and succumbed. The remaining 5 children were followed up until October 10, 2025, with 2 in disease-free survival and 3 still receiving regular treatment. Conclusions: B-ALL with MEF2D gene rearrangement predominantly affects older children, typically presenting with fever accompanied by arthralgia. This subtype exhibits high CD38 expression and absence of cIgM expression, with a frequent incidence of CDKN2A or CDKN2B gene deletions. Although the initial treatment response was good, the risk of recurrence was high and the efficacy of salvage treatment was limited. For this high-risk sub-type, the use of next-generation sequencing for MRD monitoring could be explored to more accurately assess the risk of relapse. 目的： 总结伴有肌细胞增强因子2D（MEF2D）基因重排的儿童急性B淋巴细胞白血病（B-ALL）的临床特点、分子遗传学特征及诊治要点。 方法： 病例系列研究。收集2020年5月至2025年6月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的9例伴有MEF2D基因重排的初诊B-ALL患儿的资料，分析其临床特征、实验室检查、治疗及转归情况。 结果： 9例患儿男3例、女6例，诊断年龄12.0（11.0，13.8）岁，5例以发热伴关节疼痛起病。免疫分型提示1例为早期前B-ALL，其余8例为普通B-ALL；9例均高表达CD38，不表达胞质免疫球蛋白M（cIgM）。5例骨髓涂片可见细胞伴有空泡。RNA测序检测到5种MEF2D基因融合伙伴，分别为BCL9基因4例，FOXJ2基因2例，DAZAP1基因、SS18基因及ARNT基因各1例。6例检出CDKN2A或CDKN2B基因杂合缺失，8例合并基因变异。9例患儿均按照2018儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病诊疗规范给予VDLP（长春新碱、柔红霉素、培门冬酶、泼尼松）方案诱导治疗，诱导缓解治疗结束时经流式细胞术检测微小残留病均阴性（<0.01%）。1例患儿维持治疗阶段失访，3例复发后死亡，随访至2025年10月10日2例无病生存，3例规律治疗中。 结论： 伴有MEF2D基因重排的B-ALL多见于大龄儿童，常以发热伴关节疼痛起病，高表达CD38，不表达cIgM，CDKN2A或CDKN2B基因缺失发生率高。尽管初始治疗反应良好，但复发风险高且挽救治疗疗效有限，采用二代测序进行微小残留病监测或许可更准确评估复发风险。.
Three-dimensional (3D) tooth shape completion refers to the process of predicting and reconstructing the intact tooth morphology based on defective 3D inputs obtained from intraoral or laboratory scanner. The generated result serves as a digital diagnostic wax-up, offering clinicians a visualized treatment target and outcome preview, thereby aiding in clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. This review summarizes the current applications of artificial intelligence in 3D tooth shape completion, focusing on major research progress in commonly used algorithmic models, datasets, ground truth acquisition, control model configuration, and evaluation metrics. It aims to provide guidance for future related studies. 牙齿三维形状补全是基于口内扫描或仓式扫描获得的缺损牙齿三维模型，预测并重建完整牙齿形状的过程。该过程的最终目标是生成数字化诊断模型，从而为临床提供可视化的治疗目标和效果预览，以辅助临床诊疗。本文综述人工智能技术在牙齿三维形状补全中的应用现状，重点介绍常用的算法模型、数据集、参考标准、对照模型和评价指标等方面的进展，以期为后续研究提供参考。.