The Foreign Relations Committee, to whose jurisdiction has been referred certain foreign educational matters affecting the interests of the National Association of Dental Faculties, has been in receipt of a great mass of correspondence concerning the status of the distinctive American dental degree in Europe, and the effect upon public opinion there of the almost open sale of diplomas issued by fraudulently conducted but regularly chartered schools in the State of Illinois, and their quasi-recognition by the Illinois State Board of Dental Examiners, who, it is charged, have ad mitted to the State dental examination and granted permits to practise to foreign possessors of these irregular degrees obtained, in some instances, after their having been in this country for less than a month.At the last meeting of the National Association of Dental Faculties, upon the recommendation of the Foreign Relations Committee, the work of the suppression of the irregular and fraudulent schools was placed in the hands of the Committee on Law, but as the first-named committee is in constant communication with American and other dentists abroad, and with our own government and its officers, in relation to the condition of the American degree in foreign countries, it has been deemed best, at the suggestion of such correspondents, to furnish our dental journals with abstracts from a few of these communications, that the profession in America may be made aware of the consequences resulting from the vicious character of some of the Illinois legis lation.The first instalment of this was furnished without com
This research has the objective of analyzing the relationship between the work environment, work culture and workload related to employee performance in an agency or company. This research uses quantitative methods through descriptive analysis, as well as online data collection using the Microsoft Forms Platform with a Likert scale of 1 to 5 with the Purposive Sampling method, there are 57 respondents with the age criteria 18-30 and currently working. Processed using the SmartPLS 4.0.9.2 application program. with Structural Eqution Modeling (SEM). The results showed that, the work environment is influential in supporting or improving the performance of its employees for the better and can produce quality work done by its employees. The work environment can be maximized when a company can implement or create a conducive, collaborative environment, and pay attention to all aspects such as the physical and psychological of its employees. Such factors as sufficient facilities, social support, and job security can increase employee performance productivity. Organizational work culture also plays an important role in shaping employee performance. Organizations with a culture that encourages innovation, collaboration, and employee motivation have better performance. Conversely, a work culture that does not support employees can hinder employee performance. Workload in accordance with individual capacity also affects employee performance. Too high a workload can lead to excessive stress and fatigue, which negatively impacts productivity. Therefore, wise management in determining workload is essential. From this study, it can be concluded that a good work environment, positive work culture, and workload adjustment can significantly improve employee performance. A company or an agency needs to pay attention to these factors to achieve optimal productivity and job satisfaction in the midst of intense competition between agencies.
O bruxismo é caracterizado pela atividade dos músculos da mastigação, que pode ocorrer durante o sono ou enquanto acordado. Características sociais, comportamentais e fatores psicológicos, a exemplo do estresse, ansiedade e depressão, podem apresentar influência e/ou associação com o bruxismo. Durante a Pandemia do Coronavírus (COVID-19), a incerteza e o isolamento social foram precursores de vários problemas de saúde mental, apresentando índices elevados de estresse e depressão, especialmente em universitários. O presente estudo visou avaliar a prevalência do bruxismo e fatores psicossomáticos associados numa população de adultos, estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação, da cidade de Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. 352 indivíduos de ambos sexos participaram da pesquisa através do preenchimento online de questionários que avaliaram ansiedade, estresse, qualidade de sono e bruxismo (IDATE traço/estado, PSS-10, o PSQI e um questionário de auto relato para bruxismo, respectivamente). Teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson foi utilizado para aferir as prevalências e associações entre as variáveis estudadas. Um modelo de regressão logística ajustado e verificado foi realizado para avaliar a relação de causalidade entre as variáveis e a predictibilidade dos valores de prevalência encontrados. A prevalência de bruxismo na amostra foi de 54,8% para bruxismo em vigília e 39,2% para bruxismo do sono. As variáveis sexo, status durante a pandemia, estresse, ansiedade traço e estado, bruxismo do sono e suspeita de bruxismo do sono apresentaram mostraram relação estatisticamente significativa com o bruxismo em vigília (p ≤ 0,05). O modelo de regressão logística mostrou uma maior chance para indivíduos do sexo feminino e com níveis de estresse moderado/severo de desenvolver bruxismo em vigília (OR ajustada de 1,75 e 2,15 respectivamente) (percentual estimado da prevalência na combinação das variáveis do modelo final de 61,5%), enquanto que indivíduos com má qualidade do sono e estresse moderado/severo apresentaram maior chance de desenvolver bruxismo do sono (OR ajustada de 1,77 e 2,11 respectivamente) (percentual estimado da prevalência na combinação das variáveis do modelo final de 61,8%).
The aim of this investigation was to analyze three possible adaptive TMJ growth processes contributing to the increase in mandibular prognathism accomplished by Herbst appliance therapy: (1) condylar remodeling; (2) glenoid fossa remodeling; and (3) condyle-fossa relationship changes. The subjects were 15 consecutive Class II malocclusions (11 males and four females, aged 11.5-17.5 years) treated with the Herbst appliance for an average period of 7 months. Condylar remodelling, glenoid fossa remodelling, and condyle-fossa relationship changes were analyzed by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). From each subject, four MR images were evaluated: before treatment, start of treatment (when the Herbst appliance was placed), during treatment (6-12 weeks after appliance placement), and after treatment (when the appliance was removed). 'Effective condylar growth' (= the sum of condylar remodelling, fossa remodelling, and condyle-fossa relationship changes) was analyzed with the aid of pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalometric roentgenograms. In all 15 subjects, Herbst therapy resulted in an increase in mandibular prognathism. After 6-12 weeks of treatment MRI-signs of condylar remodelling were seen at the posterior-superior border in 29 of the 30 condyles. MRI-signs of glenoid fossa remodelling at the anterior surface of the postglenoid spine were noted in 22 of the joints. Condylar remodelling seemed to precede fossa remodelling. The condyle-fossa relationship was, on average unaffected by Herbst therapy. 'Effective condylar growth' during treatment was, on average, approximately five times larger in the Herbst group than in an untreated group with ideal occlusion (Bolton Standards) and the direction of the growth changes was relatively more horizontal in the treated cases. The results indicate that condylar as well as glenoid fossa remodelling seem to contribute significantly to the increase in mandibular prognathism resulting from Herbst treatment, while condyle-fossa relationship changes are of less importance. MRI renders an excellent opportunity to visualize temporomandibular remodelling growth processes.
AIM: The aim of this paper is to establish an outcome standard for the assessment of healing radiographically after resurgery of persistent periradicular lesions by systematically reviewing the results from published studies. METHODOLOGY: The systematic review process requires the definition of predetermined criteria delineating the inclusion parameters of studies reviewed. Of 42 papers that were reviewed, eight qualified for inclusion. A weighted-average was calculated from the results taken from the eight eligible, peer-reviewed studies, published between 1970 and 1997. RESULTS: Three hundred and thirty patients out of 2375 (14%) from the included studies underwent resurgery for failure of healing as determined radiographically. Of this population, 35.7% healed successfully after resurgery, 26.3% healed with uncertain results and 38% did not heal at the one-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Although there is nearly equal distribution of results between all categories, a 35.7% rate of healing as assessed radiographically is essentially equivalent to the 38% failure rate. This paper will allow an evaluation of current research results to establish an outcome standard and enable techniques and filling materials to be evaluated and compared. Furthermore, the outcome standard can assist in defining demographic and aetiological factors that contribute to the potential outcome of resurgery cases.
BACKGROUND: Individuals on continuous treatment with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are at increased risk of bleeding complications during and after oral or dental procedures. Anticoagulant treatment is preferably continued at the same dose, since dose reduction or discontinuation of treatment is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism. The use of haemostatic measures during or after the procedure (or both) could enable continuation of the oral anticoagulant treatment. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the efficacy of antifibrinolytic agents for preventing bleeding complications in people on oral anticoagulants undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Coagulopathies Trials Register, compiled from electronic database searches and handsearching of journals and conference abstract books. We also searched the reference lists of relevant articles and reviews. We searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library. Additional searches were performed using ClinicalTrials.gov, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), the CINAHL database of nursing and allied health services, the open access ProQuest dissertation database, papers and reports from the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) and abstract books from annual scientific conferences.Date of last search: 04 January 2018. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials in people on continuous treatment with VKAs or DOACs undergoing oral or dental procedures using antifibrinolytic agents (tranexamic acid (TXA) or epsilon aminocaproic acid) to prevent perioperative bleeding compared to no intervention or usual care with or without placebo. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently screened the titles and abstracts of all identified articles. Full texts were obtained from potentially relevant abstracts and two authors independently assessed these for inclusion based of the selection criteria. A third author verified trial eligibility. Two authors independently performed data extraction and risk of bias assessments using standardized forms. The quality of the evidence was assessed using GRADE. MAIN RESULTS: No eligible trials in people on continuous treatment with DOACs undergoing oral or dental procedures were identified.Three randomised trials and one quasi-randomised trial (follow-up in all was seven days) in people on continuous treatment with VKAs were included with a total of 253 participants (mean age 60 years). Two trials published in 1989 and 1993 compared the antifibrinolytic agent TXA with placebo in people using VKAs. Two other trials were published in 1999 and 2015 and compared TXA with gelatin sponge and sutures, and dry gauze compression, respectively. In all included trials, those who were treated with VKAs had international normalised ratio (INR) values within the therapeutic range and TXA was applied locally, not systemically.The two trials from 1989 and 1993 comparing TXA with placebo showed a statistically significant beneficial effect regarding the number of major postoperative bleeding episodes requiring intervention, with a pooled risk difference (RD) of -0.25 (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.36 to -0.14) (128 participants) (moderate-quality evidence). For the two trials that compared TXA with either gelatin sponge and sutures or with dry gauze compression, there was no difference between the TXA and the standard care group, RD 0.02 (95% CI -0.07 to 0.11) (125 participants) (moderate-quality evidence). The combined RD of all included trials was -0.13 (95% CI -0.30 to 0.05) (moderate-quality evidence). There were no side effects of antifibrinolytic therapy that required treatment withdrawal (128 participants) (moderate-quality evidence). Despite heterogeneity between trials with respect to the different haemostatic measures used in the control groups, the trials were comparable regarding design and baseline participant characteristics.Overall, we considered the risk of bias to be low in the trials comparing TXA with placebo and moderate in the trials comparing TXA with alternative haemostatic measures. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this Cochrane Review, there seems to be a beneficial effect of locally applied TXA in preventing oral bleeding in people on continuous treatment with VKAs undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions. However, the small number of identified randomised controlled trials, the relatively small number of participants included in the trials and the differences in standard therapy and treatment regimens between trials, do not allow us to conclude definite efficacy of antifibrinolytic therapy in this population.We were unable to identify any eligible trials in people on continuous treatment with DOACs undergoing oral or dental procedures. Therefore, a beneficial effect of antifibrinolytic therapy can currently only be assumed based on data from the people using VKAs.
The purpose of this study was to perform in vitro measurements of the temperature increase at the enamel-dentine interface during electrothermal removal of ceramic brackets, and to analyse, in vivo, whether signs of pulp damage can be observed 4 weeks after the procedure. In vitro study: a total of 29 caries-free human teeth were cut into buccal and lingual halves. The buccal halves were bonded with ceramic brackets, and miniature thermocouples were placed from the pulpal side into holes drilled to the enamel-dentine interface under the centre of the bracket slot. From the onset of thermodebonding, the temperature increase relative to room temperature was recorded for a period of 43 seconds. The maximum temperature increase at the enamel-dentine interface was 6.9 degrees C. In vivo study: a total of 12 human premolars scheduled for extraction for orthodontic reasons were bonded with ceramic brackets. Electrothermal debonding was performed the following day. After 4 weeks, the teeth were extracted and prepared for histological examination. Following demineralization, sections were prepared for light microscopic examination. No signs of pulpal inflammation were observed.
This cross-sectional study aimed at evaluating the oral health conditions of building construction workers from a city in the mid-west region of São Paulo, Brazil. This study involved 219 male subjects, aged 17 to 72. The definition of a random sample utilized the functional number of each worker as a criterion to the raffle, which took into account all 450 subjects registered in the Working Accidents Prevention Program. The examination of oral health conditions by DMFT index and need of treatment were carried out according to WHO criteria (1997). This paper reports the prevalence of caries according to age, occupation, and educational level. Among the 219 workers examined, the mean DMFT was 16.9. Amongst the younger workers (<25 years-old), 21.3 teeth showed no need of treatment, while the older ones showed increasing treatment needs (p<0.001). The DMFT values were 15.6 for the administrative duties and 21.7 for foremen and bricklayers, although the differences were not statistically significant. The DMFT index showed an increase with age for all groups (p<0.001). The self-reported need of treatment was associated with a smaller DMFT for people that reported a positive response when compared with subjects that did not report these needs (p<0.05). These differences were statistically significant, as tested by ANOVA and Student t test. Among the building construction workers, in this study, important oral lesions were not observed, despite the daily exposition to some risk factors for oral cancer.
In the present study we examined the combined effect of application of a capacitively coupled electric field (CCEF) and the tissue respiration stimulating agent, Solcoseryl, on the promotion of bone formation around dental implants histologically and mechanically. After a dental implant was inserted into each femur of Japanese white rabbits, Solcoseryl (2 ml/kg) was administered intravenously in the ear vein and a CCEF was applied for 4 h per day for 14 days. The degree of bone formation on microscopic observation, bone contact ratio, bone surface area ratio, and the level of removal torque of the implant in the Solcoseryl- and CCEF-treated group were significantly higher than the respective value in the control group, which had not been treated with Solcoseryl nor CCEF. Thus, the combination of CCEF stimulation and Solcoseryl effectively promoted the formation of new bone. It is suggested that the clinical use of a combination of CCEF stimulation and Solcoseryl for dental implants promotes osseointegration.
BACKGROUND: Odontological effects of ionizing radiation (IR) as a result of radiotherapy, the consequences of accidents at nuclear power plants and industry, individual occupational exposure, etc. deserve significant attention interns of radiation medicine and radiation safety. OBJECTIVE: to analyze and summarize clinical and experimental data on the odontological radiation effects. OBJECT: the pathological changes in the hard tissues of teeth, pulp, periodontium, mucousmembranes of the mouth and jaws due to exposure to IR. METHOD: search in the PubMed / MEDLINE, Google Scholarabstract medical and biological databases, scientific libraries of the relevant sources of scientific information. RESULTS: Radiobiological effects of IR due to its direct and indirect action are manifested throughout the period ofodontogenesis and formation of the facial skeleton. Experimental and clinical data (in children and adults) indicatethe increased risk of dental caries, reduction of pain threshold and vascularization of tooth pulp along with its fibrosis and atrophy, periodontal dysfunction, which predispose to a high probability of tooth loss. Abnormalities in theactivity of osteoblasts and cementoblasts of dental periosteum and osteoblasts of alveolar process in combinationwith circulatory disorders due to endothelial cell death, hyalinization, thrombosis and vascular obliteration increasethe risk of jaw osteoradionecrosis. Children who have undergone a prenatal exposure to IR as a result of theChornobyl NPP accident have a premature change of teeth. Deterioration of periodontal tissues and early development of acute and complicated dental caries are typical for children and adults affected by the Chornobyl disaster. CONCLUSIONS: Summarized data on the effects of radiation exposure under different conditions on teeth primordia(i.e. immature teeth), their formation and eruption in experimental and clinical settings, as well as on the odontological radiation effects in adults are summarized. Condition of the teeth in the Chornobyl NPP accident survivorsis described. Understanding and taking into account the radiobiological odontological effects is necessary in thelight of planning, preparing, and conducting local radiation therapy and developing the standards of radiation safety and measures to protect professionals and the public in the event of possible radiation accidents at the nuclearpower plants and industry facilities.
Disertacija rengta LSMU Ortodontijos klinikoje 2004-2012 metais.