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Mental health problems among undergraduate medical students are a major global public health concern that emerge early during training and are shaped by demanding educational environments, emotional stressors and organisational pressures. Although research has expanded rapidly, the literature remains fragmented across themes, regions and methods. This scoping review aims to map the global quantitative literature on medical students' mental health and identify gaps in scope, geography, methodology and equity. This scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodological guidance and reported in accordance with PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. We will include quantitative studies assessing mental health among undergraduate medical students. MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Science (Clarivate), the Cochrane Library (Wiley) and PsycINFO (Ovid) will be searched without date or language restrictions using a keyword-based search strategy. Two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts and full texts and extract data using a standardised form. Data will include publication year, country, study design, sample size, mental health measures, thematic domains and patterns of collaboration. Mental health domains will be classified using an a priori thematic framework encompassing psychological symptoms and distress, psychological resources, academic environment, social support and physical health and lifestyle factors. Equity-related variables (sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status) will be operationalised based on analytical use. Results will be synthesised descriptively using tables and visualisations. Ethical approval is not required. Findings will be disseminated through publication and presentations. The dataset and code will be openly available on publication. Protocol registration will be made available online via the Open Science Framework (doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/2EHNU).

Ultrasound-based neuromodulation, capable of reaching deep brain areas with high precision, represents cutting-edge technology in non-invasive brain stimulation and is investigated as a novel treatment for neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). To evaluate the effects of repeated transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) applications on motor symptoms, brain structure, and functional activation in PD. In this randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind, crossover clinical trial, 30 participants with mild PD underwent six sessions of both verum and sham TPS targeting the sensorimotor network. Comprehensive clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments were administered at baseline, 1 day, and 1 month post-stimulation for both conditions. Manual dexterity, measured via the coin rotation task, showed significantly larger improvement following verum compared with sham TPS (post-stimulation vs. baseline: Pcorr&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.048, &#x3b7;p2&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.14; 1-month post-stimulation vs. baseline: Pcorr&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.048, &#x3b7;p2&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.17). Gross motor symptoms, evaluated by the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-Part III (MDS-UPDRS-III), improved similarly after both verum and sham TPS. Functional MRI during a coin rotation task revealed increased activation in the sensorimotor network following verum stimulation compared with sham (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). Diffusion tensor imaging data indicated enhanced structural integrity in the primary somatosensory white matter following verum TPS compared with sham (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05 family-wise error [FWE]-corrected). A total of 21 adverse events were reported, all mild and transient. These findings indicate that TPS produces behavioral, neurophysiological, and structural effects within the targeted sensorimotor network, and may represent a safe and effective adjunct to standard therapies in PD. &#xa9; 2026 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Agriculture remains highly vulnerable to labor exploitation, affecting almost two million workers worldwide and drawing increasing attention, particularly within the framework of Sustainable Development Goal 8 of the United Nations 2030 Agenda. However, the informal nature of exploitation and fragmented data complicate its analysis. This review examines methodological approaches and multidimensional indices used to assess labor conditions in the agri-food sector. Out of 1528 documents screened from Web of Science and Scopus, 56 articles were analyzed, revealing a predominance of quantitative methodologies, with some studies utilizing multidimensional indices to measure labor-related variables. The review highlights gaps in research, such as limited exploration of housing conditions and social inclusion, as well as geographical disparities, with a focus on low-income countries. It emphasizes the need for reliable data, expanded research in high-income countries, methodological advancements, and greater inclusion of farmer perspectives to enhance social sustainability and equity in food systems. &#xa9; 2026 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Predators suppress pest populations not only through direct consumption but also via non-consumptive effects (NCEs), in which prey perceive predation risk and alter behaviors, physiology, and life-history strategies. Despite the growing recognition of the importance of NCEs in biological control, most studies focus on cues from actively feeding predators, while the role of non-feeding stages, such as predator eggs, remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether eggs of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis function as intensity-dependent risk cues that influence the performance and population growth of the invasive spider mite Tetranychus ludeni. Exposure to P. persimilis eggs significantly altered T. ludeni life-history traits in a density-dependent manner, even in the absence of direct predation. Increasing predator egg density reduced female longevity, reproductive rate, and total fecundity, delayed reproductive onset, but accelerated early egg production. Exposure to predator eggs also generated pronounced transgenerational effects that prolonged egg and female offspring development, reduced egg hatching, and lowered immature survival. These individual-level responses translated into strong population-level consequences, which significantly decreased the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), and finite rate of increase (&#x3bb;), but increased population doubling time (Dt) as predation stress intensified. Our results demonstrate that predator eggs induce intensity-dependent NCEs that significantly suppress spider mite population growth. By extending fear-mediated effects from non-preying predator stages, this study broadens the functional scope of biological control and highlights the ecological significance of early predator cues in regulating pest populations. &#xa9; 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Biological invasion risk is a multifaceted concept that, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), results from the likelihood of entry, establishment, and dispersal, along with the potential impact magnitude. Based on this definition, we developed a national-scale risk index using normalization and entropy-based objective weights. The striped rice stem borer (RSB, Chilo suppressalis) was used as a case study to demonstrate global invasion risk under Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios. Our framework integrated key data, including trade volume, transportation networks, cropland cover, irrigation, the Ecoclimate Index (EI) from the CLIMEX model, and rice harvest area to construct likelihood, and magnitude criteria. The final risk index (Risk) was calculated by multiplying likelihood and magnitude. Substantial inhabitable areas (EI&#x2009;>&#x2009;0) exist in Africa (60.7% of land area), North America (36.1%), and South America (85.6%). Risk was highest in South America (0.21), followed by Africa (0.18), North America (0.17), and Europe (0.08). Under SSPs, climate and land cover changes are projected to intensify regional differences in invasion risk. Risk is expected to increase in South America under all SSPs and in Europe under SSP585. In contrast, Risk is projected to decline in North America under all SSPs, while in Africa it shows a slight increase around the 2050s before decreasing. RSB has sufficient potential to threaten global food security. Given the varied regional patterns of risk components, proactive, region-specific biosecurity measures are essential for high-risk hotspots. The proposed framework provides a valuable tool for pest risk assessment. &#xa9; 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Although healthy dietary patterns have been suggested to be associated with decreased Parkinson's disease (PD) risk, their protective role remains uncertain. To examine associations between eight dietary patterns and PD risk in two United States (US) cohorts followed for up to 32&#x2009;years. We analyzed 70,973 women from the Nurses' Health Study and 45,820 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Dietary patterns were assessed every 4&#x2009;years using food frequency questionnaires. Cox regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PD across quintiles of cumulative average adherence. During follow-up, 579 women and 600 men developed PD. Higher adherence to dietary patterns was not associated with PD risk. Comparing the highest versus lowest quintile, HRs (95% CIs) were 1.01 (0.75-1.36) for the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010, 1.11 (0.91-1.35) for the Alternate Mediterranean Diet, 1.12 (0.69-1.79) for the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, 1.01 (0.84-1.22) for the healthful Plant-based Diet Index, 1.09 (0.90-1.32) for the Planetary Health Diet Index, 1.02 (0.84-1.24) for the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay diet score, 1.12 (0.90-1.38) for the reversed Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern, and 0.99 (0.68-1.45) for the reversed Empirical Dietary Index for Hyperinsulinemia. In food-groups analyses, higher low-fat dairy intake was associated with higher PD risk (HRQ5vsQ1: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.13-1.68). In two US cohorts, adherence to eight healthy dietary patterns was not associated with PD risk. Although these patterns are associated with lower risk of several chronic diseases, they may be ineffective for PD prevention. &#xa9; 2026 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Radiotherapybased bladder-preserving strategies are established alternatives to radical cystectomy for selected patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), yet survival outcomes remain heterogeneous and prognostic stratification is imprecise. Pretreatment hydronephrosis has shown adverse prognostic associations in cystectomy and trimodality therapy cohorts, but its impact across the broader spectrum of radiotherapy-based bladder preservation is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the prognostic significance of pretreatment hydronephrosis on survival outcomes in MIBC patients treated with radiotherapy-based bladder-preserving strategies. The study was designed as a systematic review with quantitative synthesis, structured around a predefined PICO framework. The protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261305703). Eligible studies included observational cohorts and clinical trials enrolling adults with MIBC treated with definitive radiotherapy-based bladder preservation, including radiotherapy alone, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, or trimodality therapy. Searches of PubMed, ScienceDirect, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Wiley Online Library were performed from January 2000 to December 2025. Risk of bias was assessed with ROBINS-I and study quality with Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Time-to-event outcomes were extracted as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), prioritizing multivariable-adjusted estimates. Evidence synthesis was performed using random-effects models with inverse-variance weighting of log-transformed HRs according to the DerSimonian-Laird method. Forty-two studies comprising 8,586 participants met the inclusion criteria. Pretreatment hydronephrosis was significantly associated with inferior overall survival (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.43- 1.91; I&#xb2; 29.8%). This adverse effect was consistent across treatment modalities, including definitive chemoradiotherapy (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.30-2.32; I&#xb2; 34%), radiotherapy alone (HR 1.65, 95% CI 0.38-7.19; I&#xb2; 0%), and trimodality therapy (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.25-2.14; I&#xb2; 39.6%), with no evidence of subgroup interaction (p = 0.93). Hydronephrosis was also associated with worse cancer-specific survival (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.68-2.37; I&#xb2; 8.9%). Disease control endpoints were consistently inferior in patients with hydronephrosis, including disease-free survival (HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.12-3.01; I&#xb2; 48.7%), progression-free survival (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.02-2.49; I&#xb2; 0%), and metastasis-free survival (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.32-1.84; I&#xb2; 0%). The overall risk of bias across included studies was predominantly moderate. Pretreatment hydronephrosis is a robust, treatmentindependent adverse prognostic factor in radiotherapy-based bladder-preserving management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer, conferring consistently increased hazards for mortality and disease progression across all major oncologic endpoints. Its presence should be systematically integrated into baseline prognostic stratification, patient counseling, and risk-adapted surveillance strategies in bladder-preserving treatment paradigms.

Mycotoxins remain a persistent threat to the safety and quality of cereal grains and other agricultural products, and their impact on human health continues to raise global concerns. In many situations, the practices traditionally used to control these toxins are no longer sufficiently effective. They can be costly, difficult to implement on a large scale, and, in some cases, create environmental drawbacks. As cereal products move through the supply chain, the need for faster and more sensitive detection tools, more reliable detoxification options, and practical postharvest preventive measures has become increasingly clear. This review scrutinizes recent advances in biotechnology- and nanotechnology-based approaches, focusing on their superior environmental sustainability compared to classical methods. Specifically, it evaluates how nanoparticle-assisted biosensors and advanced spectroscopic techniques significantly enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of mycotoxin monitoring systems. Biological and nanocatalytic detoxification methods, which provide milder and more environmentally friendly modes of action, are also discussed. In addition, advances in active and smart packaging are considered, especially their potential to limit fungal growth and prevent recontamination during storage and distribution. Taken together, these developments suggest that combining high-performance analytical tools with emerging bio-nano solutions could support more effective and sustainable mycotoxin management throughout the cereal supply chain. &#xa9; 2026 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Agroecosystems can be viewed as dynamic systems that receive inputs through agronomic practices, generate yield as an output, and whose economic profitability depends on balancing production costs and revenues. Pests and pathogens reduce crop yield and often require growers to apply additional inputs, thereby increasing production costs. According to integrated pest management (IPM), however, maximising yield while minimising costs does not mean eradicating bio-aggressors from the field but corresponds to maintain pest populations below economic thresholds. This objective can be achieved by identifying the optimal timing for control actions through decision support systems (DSSs) as, from a mathematical perspective, IPM can be formulated as an optimal control problem: the objective function accounts for economic returns and production costs, including treatments, and is driven by plant-pest dynamics. We introduced the essential concepts of an optimal control problem that faithfully fits the IPM guidelines. Multitrophic models account the interaction between plant and pest, while the effect of control actions relates to the objective function of the problem: the total economic income of the farm depends on the number of treatments and the timing of their application. Simulations showed both that lower pest population does not correspond to the maximum profit and that a good timing in the application can have almost the same effect of repeated treatments. This study revises the concept of DSS through optimal control applied to pest populations, pointing out that multitrophic models are fundamental to fit the IPM guidelines of economic and environmental sustainability. &#xa9; 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

To identify prenatal predictors of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) in fetuses with one or more cardiac rhabdomyomas (CR), evaluate an integrated multimodal diagnostic workflow using fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and trio whole-exome sequencing (trio-WES) and characterize perinatal outcomes. This was a retrospective cohort study of 80 fetuses that were diagnosed prenatally with one or more CR between February 2016 and December 2024 at a single tertiary center and that received a definitive TSC diagnosis either prenatally (via genomic or clinical criteria) or by postnatal pathological verification. All fetuses underwent routine high-resolution echocardiography. Those in which a CR was suspected were then offered the option of further investigation via fetal brain MRI and trio-WES, to identify pathogenic variants in TSC1/TSC2 genes. A definitive prenatal TSC diagnosis was assigned based on genetic testing or the presence of two major clinical features. Clinical, imaging, genetic and perinatal data were retrieved and compared between the TSC-positive and TSC-negative groups. Postnatal or postmortem verification was only required in cases that lacked a definitive prenatal diagnosis. Performance metrics, including sensitivity, specificity and positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values, were calculated to evaluate the diagnostic utility of tumor multiplicity and fetal brain MRI in prediction of TSC. Forty-eight (60.0%) fetuses were diagnosed with TSC and 32 (40.0%) were TSC-negative. Tumor multiplicity had a sensitivity of 87.5% (95%&#x2009;CI, 74.8-95.3%) but low specificity (50.0%; 95%&#x2009;CI, 31.9-68.1%) for the prediction of TSC. Seventy fetuses underwent brain MRI. Among these, MRI achieved a specificity of 100.0% (95%&#x2009;CI, 89.1-100.0%) and identified central nervous system lesions in 89.4% of those with TSC that underwent the MRI examination, of which 81.0% were occult on ultrasound examination. Trio-WES was performed in 31 cases. Among these, pathogenic variants were identified in 20 cases, with 85.0% of these affecting the TSC2 gene. Trio-WES identified pathogenic variants in five TSC-positive cases that presented with normal fetal brain MRI, demonstrating its essential additive value for fetuses with occult imaging phenotypes, while MRI detected structural lesions in four trio-WES-negative cases. TSC2 variants were associated with more severe phenotypes, including subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, whereas TSC1 variants typically presented with milder manifestations. Sixty-two fetuses underwent termination of pregnancy (TOP); the TOP rate was 87.5% in the TSC-positive group and 62.5% in the TSC-negative group. Eighteen fetuses were liveborn (six TSC-positive and 12 TSC-negative). The TSC-positive infants had significantly lower birth weight compared with the TSC-negative infants (median, 3050&#x2009;g vs 3500&#x2009;g; P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.025), despite the two groups having a similar gestational age at delivery. All liveborn TSC-positive infants developed postnatal epilepsy. Multiple CR at screening ultrasound examination and a major lesion at fetal brain MRI are key prenatal predictors of TSC, but accurate diagnosis requires not only MRI but also trio-WES, to overcome the developmental limitations imposed by the late appearance of some fetal anomalies associated with TSC and genetic limitations inherent in standard molecular analysis. Given the severe perinatal outcomes associated with TSC observed in this study, including high termination rates and postnatal epilepsy in all liveborn infants, definitive prenatal diagnosis is essential for accurate risk stratification, parental counseling and proactive neurological management. &#xa9; 2026 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Accurate quantification of soybean storage protein subunits glycinin (11S) and &#x3b2;-conglycinin (7S), and their ratio (11S/7S), is essential for applications in plant breeding, food processing, and allergen research. Although sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is widely used due to its accessibility and cost-effectiveness, its quantitative reliability is often limited by variability in protein extraction and band resolution. This study presents an improved SDS-PAGE protocol optimized for quantifying the 11S/7S ratio with improved accuracy, reproducibility, and cost-effectiveness. Two established extraction protocols were evaluated across three soybean cultivars, and a new protocol was developed by integrating their strengths. The new protocol employs a Tris-HCl-based buffer containing sucrose, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, &#x3b2;-mercaptoethanol, and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, which improves protein solubility and minimizes degradation. Compared to two prior protocols, the new method achieved clearer band resolution, lower error variance, and higher F-values in analysis of variance. Standard curves derived from bovine serum albumin confirmed strong linearity between band intensity and protein quantity (r2&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.993, 0.985), supporting reliable quantitative analysis. Reproducibility tests demonstrated consistent 11S/7S estimation across independent runs. In an application evaluation across 14 breeding lines, the protocol effectively discriminated genotypic variation, with 11S/7S ratio ranging from 1.29 to 2.20 and separation into seven statistically distinct groups, which further validated the protocol's stability and discriminatory power. This optimized SDS-PAGE method provides a reliable, scalable tool for phenotyping 11S/7S ratios in diverse soybean germplasm, offering a practical balance between resolution, affordability, and throughput for both research and applied use. &#xa9; 2026 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Y. H. Kobayashi , "The Significance of Local Government in Disaster Management for International Migrants: The Case of Minoh City, Osaka Prefecture," Disasters 48, no. S1 (2024): e12636, https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12636. The above article, published online on 12 June 2024 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the author, Yasuko Hassall Kobayashi; the journal Editors-in-Chief, Sara Pantuliano, John Twigg, Matthew Foley and Susanne Jaspars; ODI; and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed due to the journal being informed that the article was submitted and published without obtaining mutual permission from all contributors. The author agrees with the retraction.

F. Taslim, M.U. Ashraf, M. Farooq, A. Mahmood, R.M. Sarfraz,&#xa0;H. Ijaz, N. Shahid, and H.A. Gad, "Development of pH-responsive Hydrogel from Copolymers of Artemisia vulgaris Seed Mucilage, Mucin, and poly(methacrylate) for Controlled Delivery of Acyclovir Sodium,"&#xa0;Macromolecular Rapid Communications&#xa0;45,&#xa0;no.&#xa0;22&#xa0;(2024):&#xa0;2400421, https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.202400421. This Expression of Concern is for the above article, published online on 28 September 2024 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), and has been issued by agreement between&#xa0;the&#xa0;journal Editor-in-Chief,&#xa0;Bo Weng,&#xa0;and&#xa0;Wiley-VCH GmbH, Weinheim. Concerns were raised on PubPeer [1] regarding similar images in Figure 7. Following an investigation, it was not clear if there was any deliberate stretching or resizing of images because of the initial poor quality of the photographic data used. Due to the poor image quality, the publisher was unable to rule out that the images were not manipulated. Therefore, the journal has decided to issue an Expression of Concern to inform and alert readers. References [1] Elisabeth M Bik, "Development of pH-responsive Hydrogel from Copolymers of Artemisia vulgaris Seed Mucilage, Mucin, and poly(methacrylate) for Controlled Delivery of Acyclovir Sodium," PubPeer, 2026, https://pubpeer.com/publications/9E25D43FBD85FFA5112224D2FBB379.

J. Runze , A. M. Witte , M. H. van IJzendoorn , and M. J. Bakermans-Kranenburg , "Heritability of Children's Secure Base Script Knowledge in Middle Childhood: a Twin Study With the Attachment Script Assessment," Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 66, no. 6 (2025): 796-804, https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14089. The above article, published online on 17 December 2024 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors; the journal Editor-in-Chief, Edmund Sonuga-Barke; the Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health; and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction was agreed upon following the authors' communication to the journal that errors had been identified in the R code, which resulted in the introduction of duplicated values into the dataset. After reperforming the analyses, the authors determined that these errors affected the main results and conclusions of the study, necessitating an extensive revision of the article. Accordingly, the article has been retracted. The authors have been invited to submit a corrected version of the manuscript for consideration for publication.

Z. Li and B. M. P&#xfc;tzer, "Spliceosomal Protein E Regulates Neoplastic Cell Growth by Modulating Expression of Cyclin E/CDK2 and G2/M Checkpoint Proteins," Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 12, no. 6a (2008): 2427-2438. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00244.x. The above article, published online on 16 December 2008 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Stefan Constantinescu; and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. A third party reported that comments had been made on PubPeer [1] that raised concerns about potential duplication of bands in Figure&#xa0;2B. Additional investigation by the publisher found evidence of splicing in Figure&#xa0;1B and duplication of Actin blots between Ad-GFP in Figure&#xa0;3A and Ad-Sme pre-mRNA splicing in Figure&#xa0;5A. The investigation also found evidence of duplications of the Ad SmE Actin blot in Figure&#xa0;3A and the Ad-GFP p-CDC2 (Tyr15)/CDC2 blot in Figure&#xa0;5A. Additional potential duplicated bands were detected in Figure&#xa0;5A. The authors responded to an inquiry by the publisher and stated that the Western blots were generated separately for each experiment and were not intentionally duplicated or altered. However, the original data were no longer available due to the time that had elapsed since publication. The retraction has been agreed to because the evidence of highly similar or duplicated bands fundamentally compromises the editors' confidence in the results presented. The authors disagree with the retraction. References [1] Unregistered Submission and Hydroporus ferrugineus, Comments on "Spliceosomal protein E regulates neoplastic cell growth by modulating expression of cyclin E/CDK2 and G2/M checkpoint proteins," PubPeer, May 2016-October 2025. https://pubpeer.com/publications/216D30610A95CE3D109B97FC1CA64D.

Mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) homeostasis promotes oxidative metabolism within the physiological range; however, dysregulation can trigger necrotic cell death in diseases such as cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, muscular dystrophy, and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. It is widely understood that mitochondria exhibit rapid Ca2+ uptake primarily mediated by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex, and that Ca2+ is exported via a combination of Na+/Ca2+ and H+/Ca2+ exchange processes. However, the proteins which mediate mCa2+ transport have only been partially identified. A particular challenge in determining which proteins mediate mCa2+ efflux and their relative contributions to mCa2+ homeostasis is the lack of a clear, reproducible assay for mCa2+ efflux applicable across genotypes. Here, we provide instructions for an optimized fluorometric method to measure mCa2+ efflux in isolated mitochondria that establishes robust Ca2+ efflux signals, differentiates between total and Na+-independent Ca2+ efflux modalities, and generates highly reproducible data, allowing comparisons across tissues and genotypes. &#xa9; 2026 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Total Calcium Efflux Assay in Isolated Mitochondria Alternate Protocol 1: Na+-Independent Calcium Efflux Assay in Isolated Mitochondria Support Protocol 1: Isolation of Cardiac Mitochondria Support Protocol 2: Isolation of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria Support Protocol 3: Isolation of Liver Mitochondria Support Protocol 4: Isolation of Cell Line Mitochondria Basic Protocol 2: Analysis of Calcium Efflux.

Synthetic food colorants (SFCs) are commonly used additives that improve the appearance of food products rather than offering any nutritional value. Because of their durability, affordability, and potent coloring capacity, synthetic developments, especially azo dyes, remain more widely used than natural alternatives despite mounting safety concerns. International food safety frameworks are also covered, with special attention paid to the Codex Alimentarius, which offers guidelines for the safe evaluation and permissible use of food additives. The review examines the role of global regulatory authorities and toxicity studies in evaluating the safety of food colorants. A detailed tabular summary is included, listing commonly used SFCs and their International Numbering System (INS) codes, chemical formulas, acceptable daily intakes, applications, and reference data. SFCs cause neurotoxicity through several mechanisms, including impaired antioxidant enzyme cascades, increased oxidative stress, elevated pro-inflammatory biomarker levels, and reduced acetylcholine concentration, which may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and affect the neuronal apoptotic mechanism. For the literature review, several databases are used, such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Frontiers, Google Scholar, Embase, Medline, Academia.edu, MDPI, Elsevier, and Wiley. This work is significant because it explores new research that links artificial food coloring to psychological and neurobehavioral impacts, such as mood disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, cognitive impairments, and neurodegenerative diseases. The findings of this review highlight the need for more stringent regulation, clearer labeling, and greater public awareness of the potential health risks associated with SFCs, based on the most recent research.

Internalized stigma negatively impacts recovery outcomes, quality of life, and self-concept among individuals with psychiatric diagnoses. Group-based psychosocial interventions have been proposed as effective stigma-reduction strategies, but their impact across diverse populations remains under-evaluated. This systematic review synthesizes global evidence on the effectiveness of group-based interventions in reducing internalized stigma in adult psychiatric populations, with a focus on studies using the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we searched PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science, and additionally screened full-text platforms (SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, SAGE Journals, and Wiley Online Library), for studies published between 2003 and 2025. Inclusion criteria required adult psychiatric populations, group-based interventions, and internalized stigma as a primary outcome. Study selection, risk of bias assessment, and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers (US and GOC). Ten studies [n= 1,088], across five countries, met inclusion criteria, including randomized controlled trials and pre-post designs. Most studies reported significant reductions in ISMI scores post-intervention, particularly in the domains of stereotype endorsement and social withdrawal. Culturally adapted interventions in China, Poland, and Spain demonstrated feasibility and impact, though subscale reliability varied regionally. Group-based psychosocial interventions may help reduce internalized stigma in psychiatric populations within an ISMI-based evidence base. The ISMI scale is, to this day, among the most frequently used instrument, though cultural adaptation of subscales such as stigma resistance remains a concern.

Recently, we suggested the combination of chemotherapy and P2RX4 inhibition as a promising novel therapeutic approach for P2RX4-expressing epithelial tumors to prevent paracrine resistance. Here, we aimed to assess whether determining P2RX4 expression status in colorectal and pancreatic cancer patients would allow stratification of potentially responsive patients. Therefore, P2RX4 expression levels were determined by RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry. Subcellular localization of P2RX4 isoforms was analyzed in HeLa cells and patient-derived tumor organoids. In contrast to its RNA expression profile, P2RX4 protein levels exhibited differential regulation in human colorectal and pancreatic cancer epithelia due to alternative splicing. Interpatient heterogeneity was greater in colorectal cancer than in pancreatic cancer. Notably, these variations in expression did not correlate with overall patient survival. Alternative P2RX4 transcripts gave rise to functionally distinct protein isoforms that differed in subcellular localization and total protein abundance. Only the correctly spliced, canonical P2RX4 isoform was localized to the plasma membrane and was capable of mediating downstream signaling. Accordingly, P2RX4 inhibition in combination with chemotherapy was effective exclusively in patient-derived tumor organoids expressing the canonical P2RX4 transcript. In summary, immunohistochemical, but not transcriptomic, assessment of P2RX4 expression enabled the prediction of sensitivity to combinatorial treatment and facilitated the identification of patients who may benefit from P2RX4 inhibition during chemotherapy. Given the lower degree of heterogeneity observed in pancreatic cancer, this tumor entity may represent a promising candidate for early-phase clinical evaluation of chemotherapy combined with P2RX4 inhibition. &#xa9; 2026 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.