Esophageal squamous papilloma (ESP) is a rare, benign, often asymptomatic lesion of the upper aerodigestive tract. While historically managed by gastroenterologists, transnasal esophagoscopy has been incorporated into some otolaryngology practices, expanding the role of the otolaryngologist in diagnosing these lesions. To describe a case series of ESP within a tertiary dysphagia center and evaluate the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and chronic mucosal irritation. A retrospective case series was conducted of all individuals diagnosed with ESP at a tertiary center over a 2-year period. Histopathology and DNA in-situ hybridization (ISH) for high and low-risk HPV were reviewed. Five cases were identified. All patients presented with dysphagia or heartburn. ESP was an incidental finding in all cases, co-existing with cricopharyngeal dysfunction, hiatal hernia, or esophagitis. One patient had a history of HPV+ oropharyngeal carcinoma. All lesions were successfully resected endoscopically. ISH was negative for HPV in all specimens. ESP is a benign entity frequently encountered incidentally during the workup of dysphagia. These results support chronic irritation rather than HPV as the primary etiology. Recognition is vital for otolaryngologists to ensure appropriate resection and surveillance.
Meniscal allograft transplantation is a well-established treatment for symptomatic meniscal deficiency, yet the optimal fixation strategy remains debated. Recent studies revealed that suture-only fixation is associated with significantly higher meniscus-specific reoperation rates compared with bone plug and bone bridge-in-slot techniques. These findings reinforce that the fixation method is not merely a technical consideration, but a determinant of graft biomechanics and survivorship. Suture-only fixation may inadequately restore native hoop stress and tibiofemoral contact mechanics, contributing to increased graft extrusion, elevated joint pressures, and subsequent reoperation. Additionally, variation in outcomes by compartment and patient sex suggests that both anatomic and biological factors interact with fixation strategy. These data challenge the notion that fixation techniques are interchangeable and instead position fixation as a modifiable factor influencing clinical outcomes. Surgeons should incorporate these findings into operative decision-making and patient counseling, favoring fixation strategies that more reliably restore native meniscal function and improve long-term graft durability.
The clinical relevance of inherited thrombophilia-related polymorphisms in COVID-19 remains uncertain. This study investigated the distribution of Factor V Leiden (FVL) G1691A and MTHFR A1298C polymorphisms in patients with COVID-19 and associations with laboratory findings and short-term mortality. This case-control study included 150 patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 and 300 controls. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood, and FVL G1691A and MTHFR A1298C polymorphisms were analyzed. Associations with d-dimer levels, hospitalization duration, and 30- and 90-day mortality were evaluated using multivariable linear and Cox regression analyses. The FVL GG genotype was less frequent in patients than controls (77.3% vs. 87.0%, p = 0.009), whereas the MTHFR AA genotype was more frequent (76.7% vs. 61.3%, p = 0.001). Heterozygosity in both genes did not differ between groups (8.0% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.552). Patients with heterozygosity in both genes had higher d-dimer levels (median 435.0 vs. 201.0 ng/mL, p = 0.024) and longer hospitalization (median 7.5 vs. 5.0 days, p = 0.037). After adjustment, heterozygosity in both genes remained associated with higher log-transformed d-dimer levels (β = 0.758, 95% CI: 0.239-1.277; p = 0.005), as did MTHFR A1298C (β = 0.432, 95% CI: 0.007-0.856; p = 0.046). None of the polymorphisms was associated with 30- or 90-day mortality, while age independently predicted both outcomes. Thrombophilia-related polymorphisms may influence d-dimer levels and hospitalization duration in COVID-19 but do not appear to affect short-term mortality.
We investigated longitudinal associations between adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and later antisocial behavior and tested 1) whether these associations are independent of familial factors shared by co-twins and 2) whether cognitive performance moderates the associations. In a population-based sample of Finnish twins (N = 602-1330, 53% female), we assessed ADHD symptoms with teacher assessments and a diagnostic interview in adolescence, symptoms of antisocial personality disorder with a diagnostic interview in young adulthood, and criminal behavior across the lifespan with self-reports in early midlife. Cognitive performance was assessed with commonly used test measures in young adulthood. Adolescent ADHD symptoms were consistently associated with an increased risk for antisocial symptoms (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.18-1.27) and criminal behavior (IRR = 1.16-1.20) later in life. Within-pair and interaction analyses suggested that the associations were to a large degree independent of familial factors, and cognitive performance level did not moderate them. In conclusion, subclinical ADHD symptoms are associated with an increased risk for antisocial behavior at the population level. The association is not fully explained by familial background, and it is independent of cognitive performance level.
This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effects of substrate composition, surface conditioning protocol, and repair material type on the repair shear bond strength (SBS) of an aged self-cure bulk-fill resin composite. A total of 80 specimens were fabricated using two substrate compositions of a self-cure bulk-fill composite (Stela; Automix and Capsule). After initial aging by thermocycling, specimens were repaired according to a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design based on surface conditioning (mechanical roughening with or without 37% phosphoric acid etching) and repair material type (self-cure composite with proprietary primer or light-cure nanohybrid composite with a universal adhesive). SBS was measured using a universal testing machine. Failure modes were analyzed using a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD, and Fisher's exact tests (p < 0.05). Substrate composition, surface conditioning protocol, and repair material type each significantly affected repair bond strength (p < 0.001). Capsule-based substrates showed higher SBS values than Automix substrates. Phosphoric acid etching significantly increased SBS compared with mechanical roughening alone. Repairs performed with the same self-cure composite exhibited significantly higher SBS than those repaired with a light-cure composite. Significant two-way interactions were observed between substrate composition × repair material type (p < 0.001) and surface conditioning × repair material type (p = 0.015). The highest SBS was observed in the Capsule + acid etching + self-cure repair group. Failure mode analysis revealed predominantly cohesive or mixed failures in self-cure repair groups, whereas light-cure repair groups showed a higher frequency of adhesive failures. Repair bond strength of a self-cure bulk-fill composite is highly material- and protocol-dependent. Utilizing a chemically compatible self-cure material system combined with adjunctive phosphoric acid etching significantly optimizes repair longevity, especially when applied to mechanically triturated capsule-based substrates. The selection of repair material and surface conditioning protocol significantly influences the repair bond strength of aged self-cure bulk-fill composites. When the original restorative material is known, repair with the same composite system following phosphoric acid conditioning may provide more durable bonding.
ObjectiveTo examine the utility and limitations of remote supervision in a rural psychiatry training program through narrative review and dual reflective accounts.ConclusionsConsistent, well-structured remote supervision can nurture clinical expertise, ensure good clinical governance, improve patient safety, and promote graded trainee autonomy. Limitations can include reduced opportunity for direct observation, challenges processing complex relational dynamics, and heightened trainee isolation. Clear pedagogical structures, reliable technology, and a strong local multidisciplinary team are key to remote supervision providing effective containment and supporting progressive independence; and a hybrid model incorporating regular onsite and in-person contact deepens professional development and relational quality.
Based on a novel targeted protein degradation platform, Protein-Radical-Oxidation Targeting Enediyne Chimera (PROTEC), a series of chimeric enediyne compounds targeting the oncogenic protein nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) were designed and synthesized. These compounds feature different linker lengths and cyclopropane modifications at the alkyne terminus. Computational studies showed that incorporating the cyclopropane group at the propargyl position facilitates the "radical clock" mechanism, achieving greater spatial separation and weaker orbital interactions between the two radical centers, thereby enhancing hydrogen abstraction ability. The PROTEC-4 compound exhibiting the strongest interaction with NAMPT, as demonstrated by docking studies, established significant cytotoxicity against human ovarian cancer A2780 cells with a half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.24 μM, indicating great potential for future antitumor drug development.
Orbital rim repositioning is a pivotal step in lateral orbitotomy. This study aims to introduce a novel mortise-tenon joint fixation (MTF) technique inspired by traditional Chinese woodcraft for lateral orbital rim reconstruction. This retrospective case series analyzed outcomes in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) undergoing balanced orbital decompression surgery using MTF. The clinical outcomes, the number of surgical implants used, and hospitalization costs were analyzed. Additionally, an orbital model of the same laterality, derived from another patient treated with titanium plate-and-screw fixation (PSF), was selected as the comparator for the three-dimensional finite element analysis. Analysis was conducted with masseter muscle fixation and the application of occlusal force on the masseter muscle. Nine TED patients (12 orbits) undergoing MTF reconstruction were enrolled. A mean proptosis reduction of 5.3 ± 0.9 mm was achieved. No complications such as severe hemorrhage, vision loss, or orbital rim displacement were observed. Finite element analysis showed that maximum stress was lower with MTF than with PSF: 8.59 MPa vs. 91.33 MPa (masseter muscle fixation) and 16.33 MPa vs. 91.20 MPa (force applied). Maximum displacement was also lower for MTF: 0.010 mm vs. 0.014 mm (masseter muscle fixation) and 0.026 mm vs. 0.033 mm (force applied). Implant material expenses in hospitalization costs decreased by $288.43-$412.00, representing an approximate 84.3% reduction compared to PSF. In summary, the MTF technique demonstrates safety, effectiveness, and biomechanical advantages for orbital rim repositioning during lateral orbitotomy. It also reduces patient costs, offering a promising alternative to traditional fixation methods.
Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are characterized by high morbidity, strong transmissibility, and non-specific clinical manifestations, posing substantial challenges to conventional single-source surveillance systems for early warning. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in ARIs identification and spatiotemporal cluster analysis based on multi-source medical data, focusing on three core technical domains. In terms of medical text information extraction, methodologies have progressively evolved from keyword matching to deep semantic understanding powered by large language models; regarding multimodal medical data fusion, the review covers data-level, feature-level, and decision-level fusion strategies; and in spatiotemporal cluster analysis, both traditional statistical methods and artificial intelligence-based models are discussed. Current research faces key challenges including inconsistent data standards, ambiguous boundaries in data ethics and application scope, incomplete spatial information, and insufficient model interpretability. Future efforts should prioritize advancing medical data standardization and interoperability, and developing hybrid modeling frameworks that balance computational efficiency with interpretability, thereby enabling the transition of ARIs surveillance from passive identification to proactive and precision-oriented early warning. 急性呼吸道感染（ARIs）具有高发病率、强传播性及症状非特异性等特点，传统单一数据源监测体系难以满足早期预警需求。本文系统综述基于多源医疗数据的ARIs识别与时空聚集分析技术研究进展，围绕三大核心技术环节展开。医疗文本信息提取方面，相关方法从关键词匹配逐步演进至基于大语言模型的深度语义理解；多模态医疗数据融合方面，涵盖数据级、特征级与决策级3层融合策略；时空聚集分析方面，包括传统统计方法与人工智能模型。当前研究面临数据标准不统一、数据伦理与应用边界不清、空间维度信息不完整及模型可解释性不足等挑战，未来应推进医疗数据标准化与互联互通、研发兼具高效性与可解释性的混合建模框架，推动ARIs从被动识别向主动精准预警转型。.
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes multiple cancers. Understanding HPV-related cancer burden may help implement effective strategies for cancer prevention. The aim was to examine incidence and survival trends of eight HPV-related cancer sites in Estonia and estimate the number of cases attributable to HPV. Patient/material and methods: The Estonian Cancer Registry provided data on all cases of eight HPV-related cancer sites diagnosed in Estonia during 1995-2022. Age-standardized incidence trends were analyzed using joinpoint regression, estimating annual percentage change (APC). The number of HPV-attributable cases was estimated using internationally derived site-specific attributable fractions, as tumor HPV status was not available. Five-year relative survival ratios were calculated from national life tables. In all, 11,266 cases of HPV-related cancer sites were diagnosed, of which 6,263 were estimated to be attributable to HPV; over 40% occurred before age 55. In women, estimated average annual number of HPV-attributable cases nearly quadrupled for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) and tripled for anal cancer. A significant increase in OPC and anal cancer incidence was observed among women (APC 10.0 and 3.8, respectively). Cervical cancer incidence declined after 2012 (APC -5.6). Survival improved for OPC in men (from 13 to 44%) and vaginal cancer in women (from 45 to 73%). HPV-related cancer patterns in Estonia are shifting from cervical to non-cervical cancers. Increasing oropharyngeal and anal cancer incidence highlights the need for prevention strategies beyond cervical screening alone. Strengthening HPV vaccination uptake and sustaining organized cervical screening are critical for reducing future cancer burden.
Antipsychotic-induced salivary dysfunction such as hyposalivation is a prevalent clinical challenge that severely compromises oral health and quality of life. Although typical and atypical antipsychotics have their therapeutic target in the central nervous system, their direct molecular mechanisms within the salivary glands remain poorly understood. Here we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying hyposalivation induced by antipsychotics: olanzapine, haloperidol, and risperidone. We reanalyzed scRNA-seq data from salivary gland cells, measured the intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in the human salivary gland NS-SV-AC cells, and salivary secretion in the mouse model. We found a complete absence of dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptor expression in both human and mouse salivary gland cells. Functional assays demonstrated that olanzapine and haloperidol inhibited muscarinic receptor-mediated [Ca2+]i increases, whereas risperidone did not. Notably, these agents did not suppress store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) or purinergic receptor-mediated signaling. Olanzapine shows inhibition of the pilocarpine-induced salivary secretion in a mouse model. Our findings indicate that antipsychotic-induced hyposalivation can be driven by the direct peripheral inhibition of muscarinic receptors within the salivary glands, rather than through dopaminergic or serotonergic antagonism, and support the mechanism-based preventive protocols for patients on long-term antipsychotic therapy.
: Food is thought to play a central role in the pathophysiology of disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI). Data on these associations come largely from Western countries. We evaluated associations between diet and common bowel DGBI using the database of the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study (RFGES). : The RFGES database contains data collected via the Internet, personal interviews, or both from 33 countries, providing prevalence rates for common DGBI. Logistic regressions were used to analyze associations between DGBI and vegan, vegetarian, lactose-free and bread-, pasta-, and rice-predominant diets. : 54 127 internet and 20 973 household survey subjects were included. Rates of adherence to a vegan or vegetarian diet were low in both surveys (0.4% to 9.8%) and differences in dietary preference were also noted between surveys with lactose-free and rice-predominant diets being more common among household survey respondents. While discrepancies between results from the 2 surveys limited the interpretation of the data, some trends were evident with a lactose-free diet linked to an increased prevalence and bread- and rice-predominant diets to lower prevalence rates of several bowel DGBI. : Though complicated by variations in results between the 2 survey populations, this global survey has revealed dietary factors that may impact, in the general population, on reported prevalence rates for DGBI.
Fetal overgrowth is defined as one or more biometric parameters exceeding the 90th-97th percentile or 2 standard deviations above the mean for gestational age. This study aimed to evaluate genetic findings in foetuses diagnosed with sonographic overgrowth. We retrospectively analysed 78 singleton pregnancies that underwent invasive prenatal diagnosis between 2018 and 2024. Fetal overgrowth was defined based on biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), and/or abdominal circumference (AC), and cases were categorized into three groups according to the pattern of enlargement: head enlargement (Group A, n = 49), abdominal enlargement (Group B, n = 12), and combined head and abdominal enlargement (Group C, n = 17). All foetuses underwent conventional karyotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis, and were further classified as isolated or non-isolated based on the presence of additional ultrasound findings. Chromosomal abnormalities were identified in 2 cases (2.6%) by karyotyping, including mosaic 47,XYY/45,X and 46,X,add(X)(p22)/45,X, while SNP array detected copy number variants involving chromosome 11 in 2 additional cases, one likely pathogenic and one variant of uncertain significance. Notably, all chromosomal abnormalities were observed in the non-isolated overgrowth group. Overall, 12 cases (15.4%) were classified as isolated and 66 (84.6%) as non-isolated. Associated ultrasound findings included structural anomalies in 18 cases, non-structural abnormalities in 12 cases, soft markers in 28 cases, and multiple coexisting abnormalities in 20 cases. Ventriculomegaly was the most common structural anomaly, particularly among foetuses with head enlargement, while polyhydramnios was the most frequent non-structural finding. Follow-up data were available for 76 cases, with 8 pregnancies resulting in stillbirth or termination and 68 in live births. Foetuses with combined head and abdominal enlargement had a significantly higher incidence of macrosomia compared with those with isolated head or abdominal enlargement (29.4% vs. 4.3% and 8.3%, respectively; p = 0.015). In conclusion, fetal overgrowth is predominantly non-isolated, and chromosomal abnormalities are mainly observed in this subgroup. Concurrent head and abdominal enlargement is associated with increased risks of structural anomalies and macrosomia. Prenatal genetic testing and macrosomia-specific management should be considered for head-abdominal enlargement foetuses.
This study aimed to systematically evaluate the impact of concurrent respiratory viral infections on the acute severity of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), long-term glycemic control, and residual pancreatic β-cell function in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), so as to provide an evidence-based basis for clinical management. A total of 113 children and adolescents with newly diagnosed T1DM complicated by DKA were enrolled and divided into an exposed group (respiratory virus-positive, n=28) and a control group (no respiratory infection symptoms, virus-negative, n=85) based on virus detection results within 48 hours of initial diagnosis. Demographic, hospitalization, pancreatic β-cell function, DKA-related indicators, and T1DM autoantibodies were collected. All participants were followed up at 3 and 6 months to record HbA1c, insulin dosage, and DKA recurrence. Results showed that the exposed group had significantly longer hospital stays, higher ICU admission rates, lower fasting C-peptide levels, higher incidences of severe DKA and cerebral edema, more severe acid-base imbalance and hyponatremia, greater 24-hour fluid volume, and longer DKA correction time (all P<0.05). Regardless of treatment with an insulin pump (n=75) or insulin pen (n=38), the exposed group had significantly higher HbA1c and lower serum C-peptide levels at follow-ups (P<0.05). Notably, the insulin pen subgroup in the exposed group had higher insulin dosage and DKA recurrence rate. Concurrent respiratory viral infections significantly increase DKA acute severity, exacerbate pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, and impair long-term glycemic control in newly diagnosed pediatric T1DM, highlighting the need for prioritized virus screening, prevention, and optimized individualized treatment.
Tryptophan, one of the most oxidation-prone amino acids, forms distinct products with different reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, yet oxidant-specific fingerprints have not been compared. Untargeted LC-QTOF-MS profiled tryptophan oxidation in ammonium acetate buffer (pH 4.75) by 1O2, O3,•OH, O2NOOH, ONOOH, and OCl-. Feature intensities were hierarchically clustered and structurally assigned. Established markers (N'-formylkynurenine, oxindolylalanine, kynurenine, hydroxypyrroloindole carboxylic acid, and dioxindolylalanine) and a tryptophan dimer occurred across most conditions, while many oxidants also produced specific oxidized dimers. ONOOH and O2NOOH showed strongly overlapping nitration/nitrosation-dominated fingerprints, while ONOOH also prominently yielded pyridazinoindole, a previously unreported feature. O3 oxidation was characterized by quinoline-4-ol, kynurenine-related products, and multiple Trp+3O signals, whereas 1O2 favored hydroperoxypyrroloindole carboxylic acid, quinoline derivatives, and dimers involving fragmented tryptophan. •OH and OCl- yielded fewer unique features. Comparison with nonthermal plasma-treated tryptophan indicated ozone-dominated chemistry, with additional reactive nitrogen species contributions under humid multihollow surface dielectric barrier discharge conditions.
The heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) phenotype in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a major driver of vancomycin treatment failure. Within the prevalent ST5-MRSA lineage, the efflux pump gene qacA has emerged as a key factor in the development of hVISA. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive, as vancomycin is not a typical efflux substrate. In this study, we demonstrated that qacA triggered the vancomycin-susceptible S. aureus (VSSA)-to-hVISA phenotypic conversion independently of direct efflux, cell wall thickening, or biofilm formation. Membrane fluidity assays and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis confirmed that QacA expression significantly increased membrane fluidity and accelerated lateral diffusion rates. Correspondingly, confocal microscopy assays revealed that vancomycin probe binding to cells was reduced in the qacA-carrying strains. Lipidomic profiling further demonstrated that qacA induced membrane lipid reprogramming, characterized by an enrichment of diunsaturated glycerophospholipids. Furthermore, exogenous supplementation with long-chain unsaturated fatty acids exerted potent synergistic bactericidal effects with vancomycin. In conclusion, our study showed that qacA drives the VSSA-to-hVISA transition through a distinct lipid reprogramming. This process forms a hyper-fluid membrane "entropy barrier" that disrupts vancomycin binding to Lipid II, rather than relying on direct drug transport. These findings challenge the traditional understanding of antiseptic resistance determinants and highlight the bacterial membrane lipidome as a critical, yet overlooked, target for potentiating vancomycin activity.
Adolescent dating violence (ADV) is a significant public health issue that is experienced globally. Currently, we have little understanding of how adolescents with disabilities experience violence across social, political, and cultural domains. This study followed the PRISMA guidelines for conducting systematic scoping reviews to identify the available periodical evidence on dating violence experienced by adolescents with disabilities. Peer-reviewed articles published in English between January 2004 and December 2024 were included. Covidence was used for title and abstract screenings and for full-text reviews. Articles were included based on whether the target population was adolescents, discussed adolescents with disabilities, and focused on dating violence within this population. The initial search across five databases (Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, socINDEX, and Scopus) yielded 4537 results as potentially relevant. Following title, abstract, and full-text screenings, 11 were included in the final review that met the inclusion criteria. Disability and experiences of dating violence were found to be culturally influenced; prevention programming can be adapted to positively impact disabled youth, and youth with disabilities (particularly young women) were disproportionately affected by violence compared to non-disabled teens. Overall, there is limited available research on the experiences of relationship violence among adolescents with disabilities. Future research in this area should provide clear definitions of disability, focus on a variety of disability types, including invisible disabilities, and encourage the application of an intersectional, critical disability theory framework. This will be essential in informing targeted and inclusive violence prevention initiatives.
: The relationship between physical activity (PA) and functional dyspepsia (FD) remains unclear due to a lack of robust evidence. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess potential genetic associations, followed by a randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessing the therapeutic effects of moderate-intensity exercise in FD patients. : In the MR analysis, genetic variants associated with PA traits from genome-wide association studies were analyzed. For the RCT, 260 FD patients were randomized to moderate-intensity exercise intervention or a control group. The primary endpoint was the adequate relief rate of dyspeptic symptoms. : Using MR, a potential inverse association of strenuous sports activity against the development of FD was estimated (inverse variance weighte OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.88-0.98, P = 0.0047). Additionally, a suggestive inverse association was observed between other exercises (eg, swimming, cycling, keep fit, and fishing) (inverse variance weighte OR = 0.964; 95% CI, 0.937-0.993; P = 0.013) and FD risk. In the previous high-quality study, other exercises (eg, swimming, cycling, keep fit, and fishing) were considered moderate intensity exercise. Therefore, the MR study suggest that moderate intensity exercise may reduce the occurrence of FD. In the subsequent RCT, 114 participants in the exercise intervention group and 113 in the control group completed the study. The exercise group demonstrated a significantly higher adequate relief rate (46.9% vs 30.8%, P = 0.008) and greater reductions in symptom scores (all P < 0.05) versus controls. : PA, particularly moderate-intensity exercise, may reduce the risk of FD.
Gut-microbiota dysbiosis has been implicated in gallstone formation through alterations in bile acid and cholesterol metabolism, but whether adherence to a microbiota-supportive diet is associated with gallstone disease at the population level remains unclear. The current study examined the cross-sectional association between the Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota (DI-GM) and the prevalence of gallstone disease. The current study analyzed National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2020 (n = 7198 adults aged ≥20 years) and the UK Biobank (n = 126 478) cross-sectionally. DI-GM was calculated using 14 food components in NHANES and 13 food components in the UK Biobank. Gallstone disease was ascertained by self-report in NHANES and by self-report supplemented with inpatient ICD-10 K80 codes in the UK Biobank. The authors used logistic regression (survey-weighted for NHANES and unweighted for the UK Biobank) and restricted cubic splines. A demographic and behavioral adjusted model estimated the total effect and a cardiometabolic adjusted model was used as a conservative sensitivity analysis. Higher DI-GM scores were associated with lower odds of prevalent gallstones in both cohorts. In the total-effect model, each 1-point increment in the DI-GM score was associated with 13% lower odds of gallstone disease in NHANES (odds ratio (OR) = 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83-0.92) and 7% lower odds in the UK Biobank (OR = 0.93, 0.91-0.95). These associations were attenuated but remained significant after cardiometabolic adjustment (NHANES 0.92, 0.87-0.98; UK Biobank 0.95, 0.93-0.97; both P ≤ .007). Compared with the lowest DI-GM category, the highest category was associated with lower odds of gallstone disease in both NHANES (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.60-0.89) and the UK Biobank (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.74-0.87). Restricted cubic spline analyses supported a linear association, and the subgroup and sensitivity analyses yielded consistent results. In 2 demographically distinct populations, greater adherence to a gut microbiota-supportive diet was independently associated with lower odds of prevalent gallstone disease. These cross-sectional findings require prospective confirmation before causal or preventive inferences are drawn.