共找到 20 条结果
Water quality is increasingly important under expanding mixed water sources, yet most nitrous oxide (N2O) emission models treat water chemistry as a stable background condition, despite evidence of persistent effects on soil carbon and nitrogen cycling. Here, the study analyzed a four-year drip irrigated winter wheat-summer maize field experiment in the North China Plain using reclaimed water (RW) and groundwater (GW) irrigation. We developed a hierarchical Bayesian (HB) event based N2O model driven by fertilization, soil temperature, and soil moisture, and evaluated three alternative structures that differed in how irrigation water quality was represented: M0, a baseline model without water quality effects; M1, a weak perturbation model in which water quality variability enters the parameter layer; and M2, a strong perturbation model in which water quality variability additionally enters the event response structure to modulate fertilization induced emission pulses and their attenuation. Explicit incorporation of water quality substantially improved predictive skill and reduced posterior uncertainty, with M2 showing higher expected log predictive density and tighter posterior predictive checks than both M0 and M1. Water quality reorganized the attribution of N2O emission controls by accelerating fertilization pulse attenuation and reducing the apparent dominance of temperature and moisture sensitivities, thereby shifting variability toward event scale perturbations following irrigation. Event scale diagnostics further showed that prediction errors and inferred perturbation weights increased under intermediate to high soil moisture and temperature. Reactive nitrogen species and labile organic carbon as the dominant water quality drivers, primarily influencing the temperature and moisture sensitivity of fertilization induced emission pulses rather than baseline emissions. Taken together, resolving when and under which conditions water quality variability alters emission sensitivities advances the basis for adaptive irrigation and fertilization management.
Bipolar membranes (BPMs), owing to their unique structure enabling efficient water dissociation and acid-base compartmentalization, have garnered significant attention in clean energy technologies such as fuel cells, water electrolysis for hydrogen production, and electrochemical CO2 reduction. The interfacial layer, serving as the core region for water dissociation, is critically governed by the intrinsic performance of embedded catalysts, which directly impacts the overall voltage efficiency and long-term stability of BPMs. This review summarizes the research progress on BPM interfacial water dissociation catalysts over the past decade. It begins by elucidating the mechanistic models of water dissociation within BPMs and analyzes the key factors affecting catalyst activity and stability. Subsequently, a comprehensive classification and in-depth analysis are presented on state-of-the-art developments of inorganic, organic, and composite catalyst materials. This work further categorizes and introduces common catalyst optimization strategies, including intrinsic material modulation, structural design and interface engineering. Finally, the remaining critical challenges and promising future research directions are outlined, with the aim of providing insightful guidance for the development of high-performance bipolar membranes.
Aromatic interactions organize molecules into ordered supramolecular architectures, while peptides form functional soft materials through hydrogen bonding and water-mediated assembly. In peptide-based systems, strong aromatic stacking is typically achieved by terminal capping, whereas terminally uncapped peptides organize water through polar end groups but rarely form highly ordered materials. Here we show that a π-extended aromatic unit can be integrated into a terminally uncapped peptide to create a class of supramolecular hydrogels with structural order. A pyrene-modified dipeptide hierarchically assembles into monodisperse helical nanofibers and self-healing hydrogels. Cryo-electron microscopy resolves the nanofibers at near-atomic precision (1.7 Å), revealing tightly packed protofilaments, continuous ordered water channels, and a unidirectional dipole extending along the fiber. These results demonstrate how reinforced aromatic stacking, polar interactions, and cooperative water organization can be orchestrated to generate emergent electrostatics and mechanical resilience, bridging conjugated materials and biomolecular matter, enabling functional soft materials inaccessible to either domain alone.
Estimating the contributing de facto population is essential for deriving per-capita rates in wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), yet remains a major methodological challenge, particularly at the sub-sewershed scale. This pilot study uses sold-out football matches with well-documented, large-scale population fluctuations as a natural experiment to explore wastewater quality parameters as dynamic population normalization proxies in small-scale sub-sewersheds. Hourly wastewater samples (n = 24) were collected during pre-defined match periods from two sub-sewersheds with contrasting characteristics in the Ruhr area, Germany. Total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH₄-N), chemical oxygen demand, and biochemical oxygen demand after five days were quantified as normalization proxies. Pharmaceutical compounds were used as exemplary human-specific biochemical markers to evaluate the feasibility of dynamic population normalization. Hourly mass loads were calculated using continuous flowmeter data, z-score standardised for temporal comparison, and used to estimate de facto populations from site-specific per-capita emission rates. All four wastewater quality parameters captured match-related population dynamics, with clearer signals in the smaller, stadium-dominated sub-sewershed. TN and NH₄-N provided the most comparable de facto population estimates in the larger sub-sewershed (mean de facto/de jure ratios of 1.04 for both), whereas all parameters substantially over- or underestimated the reference population in the smaller one. Dynamic normalization using TN and NH₄-N indicated that population influx, rather than elevated per-capita consumption, was the primary driver of match-related increases in pharmaceutical loads. Our results suggest that normalization proxy performance is sewershed-dependent, even at smaller spatial scales, and highlights the importance of context-specific proxy selection and subsequent validation in small-scale WBE.
Objectives: This study assessed the impact of rinsing water temperature on microleakage of dental composite restorations. Materials and Methods: This in vitro study was conducted on 72 extracted premolars. Buccal and lingual Class V cavities were prepared with gingival margins 1mm beneath the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and occlusal margins 2mm above the CEJ. The specimens were classified into three groups (n=24) for rinsing with water at 23°C, 4°C, and 45°C before the bonding procedure. Lingual cavities were bonded with a self-etch adhesive, and buccal cavities were bonded with a total-etch adhesive. After composite restoration, the specimens underwent 1000 thermal cycles between 5-55°C. They were then divided into two groups for storage for either 24 hours or 2 months. Optical and electron microscopic assessments were performed to score microleakage at the occlusal and gingival margins of the specimens. The Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests were run to analyze the data (alpha=0.05). Results: Regardless of the bonding system and storage time, microleakage was significantly higher in the 4°C rinsing water group (P<0.05). Gingival margins bonded with the total-etch adhesive had a significantly higher microleakage than the occlusal margins in both 23°C and 45°C groups (P<0.05), but the self-etch adhesive showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this in vitro study, rinsing the cavity with warm water (23°C and 45°C) appears to be an effective method to reduce the rate of microleakage.
Developing efficient and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a challenge. Here, we report a Ru-Ni3Fe/NiMoFeOx heterostructure electrocatalyst composed of Ru-doped Ni3Fe alloy nanoparticles and amorphous NiMoFeOx nanosheets for efficient alkaline overall water splitting. Mo plays important dual roles in the synthesis process: first, it promotes the formation of amorphous components to construct an amorphous/crystalline heterostructure and accelerating the reconstruction of OER-active NiOOH species in electrocatalysis. Second, it can suppress alloy nanoparticles growth to achieve a small average size of about 7.5 nm, thereby forming the abundant heterointerfaces and providing more active sites. Consequently, the prepared Ru-Ni3Fe/NiMoFeOx catalyst exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, requiring the low overpotentials of 117 and 275 mV at a high current density of 1000 mA cm-2 for HER and OER, respectively. A water splitting electrolyzer assembled with this catalyst as the cathode and anode only needs 1.91 V at 1000 mA cm-2 and can run stably for 2000 h. This work demonstrates that leveraging the dual role of Mo to regulate phase evolution and suppress nanoparticle growth is an effective strategy for constructing active crystalline/amorphous heterointerfaces, guiding the design of bifunctional electrocatalysts for high-current-density alkaline water electrolysis.
In this research, a hybrid sorbent known as QDs@ZIF-8, a composite of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 and quantum dots, was synthesized and utilized for extracting Ni(II) and Co(II) ions from water and fruit juice samples. Due to its superior adsorption capacity, QDs@ZIF-8 was effectively implemented in dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction to extract Ni(II) and Co(II) ions. The structural and morphological characteristics of QDs@ZIF-8 were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The sorbent containing the target metals was separated from the solution via centrifugation, followed by elution with diluted nitric acid solution to retrieve the heavy metal ions from the sorbent surface. The analytes collected in the desorbed solvent were then determined through flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The optimum extraction conditions were established as 12.5 mg of QDs@ZIF-8, pH 5, 250 µL of HNO3 (5%, v/v) as the desorption solvent, 6 min of extraction time, and 4 min of desorption time. The developed method displayed exceptional analytical performance, with limits of detection determined to be 0.28 and 0.10 µg L-1, and limits of quantification of 0.80 and 0.30 µg L-1, for Ni(II) and Co(II) ions, respectively. Additionally, it showed wide linear ranges of the calibration curves in the ranges of 0.80-100 µg L-1 for Ni(II) and 0.30-100 µg L-1 for Co(II), along with good repeatability, as indicated by relative standard deviation values of 3.3 and 2.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the method was successfully employed to measure Ni(II) and Co(II) ion concentrations in different water and fruit juice samples, underscoring its applicability for environmental analysis.
Puerarin, an isoflavonoid compound derived from TCM Puerariae Lobatae Radix, has garnered increasing attention for its potential in treating depression. By systematically reviewing relevant domestic and international research, this paper elaborated on the multi-target molecular mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of puerarin, including the regulation of the gut microbiota-gut-brain axis, inhibition of neuroinflammation, promotion of neurotrophy and neurogenesis, amelioration of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function, modulation of neurotransmitters and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) axis, and epigenetic modifications. The paper further highlighted its synergistically therapeutic potential in comorbidity models such as diabetes with depression and post-stroke depression, as well as its application in compound compatibility and the current status of clinical translation research. Despite breakthroughs in emerging fields like the regulation of neural circuit plasticity, intervention in neuronal apoptosis, and modulation of non-coding RNA networks, the clinical application of puerarin is primarily limited by its pharmacokinetic drawbacks, such as poor water solubility and low bioavailability, coupled with a lack of high-quality clinical evidence. This paper aims to provide a theoretical basis for developing puerarin into a novel antidepressant by deeply analyzing the complex network of its mechanisms and evaluating its prospects for clinical translation.
Accurate forecasting of phytoplankton dynamics at drinking-water intake points is essential for proactive reservoir management because sudden biomass increases can directly impair filtration and increase backwashing demand. Using daily monitoring data collected at the Hoedong Reservoir intake depth from November 2012 to December 2021, we developed and evaluated a physics-informed Transformer (PITF) framework to predict the intake-point cell density of two operationally problematic genera (Microcystis and Stephanodiscus). Missing observations were addressed using a centered rolling-median interpolation, and a noise-perturbed dataset was additionally generated to assess robustness under realistic input uncertainty. All models performed were evaluated using R2 and RMSE. Intake point monitoring indicated risk patterns, with Microcystis peaking during mid-summer to autumn (up to 43,560 cells·mL-1) and Stephanodiscus peaking in winter (up to 5,120 cells·mL-1). PITF achieved strong validation performance for Microcystis (R2=0.711) and reasonable performance for Stephanodiscus (R2=0.505). Under noise-perturbed inputs, PITF showed slight performance degradation (e.g., Microcystis R2=0.701; RMSE=0.761), indicating robust forecasting skill under input uncertainty. A SHAP-based plausibility assessment identified ecologically consistent drivers, with water temperature and dissolved oxygen as dominant predictors for both taxa. Overall, PITF provides an interpretable and robust intake-focused forecasting approach that can support early-warning decision-making for drinking-water treatment operations.
The effects of low-voltage electrostatic field (LVEF)-assisted supercooling storage on the lightness stability of beef steaks and the contribution of water-holding capacity (WHC) were investigated. The results showed that LVEF-assisted supercooling storage significantly improved lightness stability and WHC, and the saturation value was negatively correlated with drip loss (P < 0.05). This study elucidates the underlying mechanisms governing WHC and lightness changes under LVEF-assisted supercooling storage, demonstrating that LVEF improves the visual lightness of steaks during 0-15 days of storage by modulating the thickness of the subsurface metmyoglobin layer at the macroscopic level, and water distribution and postmortem microstructural remodeling at the microscopic level. The findings confirm the unique lightness-enhancing effect of LVEF in fresh meat preservation and provide theoretical support for its application in cold-chain storage.
This study aimed to compare the clinical feasibility and measurement performance of free-breathing three-dimensional (3D) pancreatic water T1 mapping between a 3D radial 6-point DIXON Look-Locker (3D-LL) technique and a conventional breath-hold two-dimensional Look-Locker (2D-LL) technique. Six phantom syringes, comprising three organ-equivalent phantoms and three serial gadolinium dilution phantoms, were scanned using inversion recovery (IR), 2D-LL, and 3D-LL techniques. Pearson correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analyses were used to assess measurement accuracy relative to IR and agreement between 2D-LL and 3D-LL, respectively. This prospective clinical study included 45 participants who underwent breath-hold 2D-LL T1 mapping and free-breathing 3D-LL pancreatic water T1 mapping. Two independent readers measured T1 values in the pancreatic head, body, and tail, and calculated whole-pancreas averages. Nonevaluable regions were recorded. T1 values were compared between the two techniques using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Phantom experiments demonstrated very strong correlations with IR for both techniques (2D-LL, r = 0.9998; 3D-LL, r = 0.9993), and Bland-Altman analysis revealed a small positive bias of 3D-LL over 2D-LL (+15.1 ms). A clinical study revealed coverage- or motion-related regional failures in six participants (13%) with 2D-LL, but in none with 3D-LL. The median T1 values in the pancreatic head (P = 0.25), body (P = 0.21), tail (P = 0.25), and whole-pancreas average (P = 0.17) did not differ significantly between the two techniques. The 3D-LL technique demonstrated accurate T1 quantification in phantoms, comparable to IR and 2D-LL. Clinical data indicate that the 3D-LL technique improved pancreatic measurability by avoiding coverage- and motion-related regional.
While the extensive application of benzovindiflupyr (BZF) contributes to crop protection, it may pose potential threats to non-target species. However, limited research has investigated the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of BZF on non-target organisms. By integrating in vivo, in vitro, and in silico approaches, we revealed that BZF induces hepatic injury in zebrafish via the NF-κB signaling pathway activation at estimated drinking water concentrations. Specifically, following a 28-day exposure to gradient BZF concentrations (0, 5 and 50 μg/L), adult zebrafish exhibited marked hepatotoxicity. Based on transcriptomic data, we deduced that the NF-κB signaling pathway was involved. Subsequent experiments in HepG2 cells confirmed that the NF-κB inhibitor PDTC attenuated NF-κB-related transcriptional and protein responses, verifying the pathway's critical role. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis provided supportive structural evidence for the binding of BZF to NF-κB-related proteins. Overall, through a multi-model approach, we confirmed that the NF-κB signaling pathway is a crucial mediator of hepatic injury in zebrafish following BZF exposure. These findings elucidate the mechanism of BZF toxicity and underscore the potential ecological threats to aquatic organisms under realistic exposure scenarios.
The toxicity of heavy metals in water sources requires the use of sensitive devices capable of detecting levels in the parts-per-billion (ppb) range. In this study, meta-chemical surface (MCS-Bi and MCS-Hg) sensors were developed using dip-pen nanolithography (DPN), which enhanced the detection of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) at ppb levels, due to DPN's unique ability to control the surface-to-volume (S/V) ratio of patterned nanoclusters. The density functional theory results indicate that the binding strengths between the heavy metals and the active species (Hg and Bi) are comparable. The difference in the S/V ratio affects the detection limit (0.26 ± 0.04 and 0.52 ± 0.02 ppb for MCS-Bi and MCS-Hg, respectively). This finding highlights the relevance of MCS sensors to the environmental field, their enhanced detection capabilities for toxic materials, and the reduced use of hazardous materials like mercury. The results provide a concrete methodology for reducing the toxicity of analytical devices without compromising sensitivity.
Alkaline anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE) is a promising technology for green hydrogen production. However, AEMWE often operates under elevated temperatures, which accelerates the corrosive effects of alkaline electrolytes toward the electrolyzers, compromising its performance over time. In this work, built-in electric field (BEF) induced by NiFe-based heterointerface was constructed to enhance both OER and AEMWE performance even operating under near room temperatures, which was achieved by integrating FeP4 onto Ni3S2 surface. Benefiting from the BEF effect, it achieved 10 and 100 mA cm-2 OER current densities at 226 and 258 mV, respectively. More importantly, when it was employed as anode in AEMWE, it delivered 1 A cm-2 current density at a comparatively small cell voltage of 1.94/1.91/1.84 V at near room temperatures of 30/40/50°C, competitive to those of earlier reported NiFe-based electrocatalyst operating at higher temperatures (60-80°C). Density functional theory simulation reveals the induced BEF facilitates asymmetrical charge distribution, thus optimized the nucleophilic attack process with regards to oxygen intermediates, thereby lowering their adsorption energy during reaction. This work highlights the potential of a BEF-based strategy for enhancing OER in AEMWE operating at near room temperatures.
Saposhnikovia divaricata polysaccharides (SDPs) are important bioactive macromolecules derived from the roots of Saposhnikovia divaricata and have attracted sustained attention because of their structural diversity, favorable biocompatibility, and broad pharmacological potential. However, studies on SDPs over the past five years, particularly those concerning extraction techniques, structural characterization, pharmacological activities, and structure-activity relationships, have not yet been systematically summarized. Therefore, this review systematically summarizes the latest progress in this field, with emphasis on the development of green and efficient extraction strategies, such as ultrasound-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, and ultrasound-synergistic enzymatic water extraction, while also outlining key structural features including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage types, branching structures, and spatial conformation. Current evidence indicates that SDPs exhibit multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, antitumor, and antioxidant effects, and that these activities are closely associated with their structural characteristics. Notably, SDPs show remarkable neuroprotective potential, which may be mediated by alleviating oxidative stress, inhibiting microglial inflammatory activation, ameliorating glutamate-induced neuronal injury, regulating catecholamine neurotransmitter release, and modulating the gut-brain axis. This review aims to provide systematic support for promoting the in-depth development and rational application of SDPs in clinical medicine and health-related products.
Although Australia maintains relatively low national rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), considerable geographic disparities exist. Particularly, the Northern Territory suffers disproportionately high AMR burdens despite low reported antimicrobial prescribing through the PBS/RPBS national reporting system. This mismatch highlights systematic under-reporting of national prescription monitoring, which often overlooks alternative sources of antimicrobial access and use in remote communities, leaving critical gaps in tracking antimicrobial use alongside AMR evolution and spread. In this study, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) combined with clinical antibiotic susceptibility data from a phenotypic AMR surveillance program was used to estimate antimicrobial use and AMR prevalence in Australia and to assess temporal trends in the Northern Territory (2012-2023). Over 12 years, AMR to six common antibiotics has progressively increased among three priority pathogens in the Northern Territory. WBE-estimates of antimicrobial use were generally consistent with prescriptions across all Australian States/Territories, except in the Northern Territory. The Northern Territory had the second-highest rate of antimicrobial use identified in WBE, but the lowest prescriptions reported to the PBS/RPBS. Additionally, prescriptions suggest a steady decline in antimicrobial use over time, while WBE revealed a marked increase in 2020, with usage peaking in 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. The divergence between declining prescriptions and increasing WBE-estimated antimicrobial use in the Northern Territory highlights systematic under-representation and critical surveillance blind spots. WBE offers a valuable complement to traditional prescription data sources, particularly in remote settings that are systematically underrepresented in prescription datasets. Integrating WBE with clinical AMR surveillance could provide a more comprehensive understanding of antimicrobial use and its impact on AMR across Australia's Northern Territory, supporting more equitable medication policy for remote and First Nations populations.
Domoic acid (DA)-producing Pseudo-nitzschia and the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans frequently co-occur during coastal harmful algal blooms, yet their interactions and consequences for toxin cycling remain poorly understood. Here, controlled co-cultures were conducted to examine grazer-induced defense, grazing dynamics, and DA accumulation-depuration. Sustained 3-d exposure stimulated a 3-4-fold increase in cellular DA production, without detectable changes in cell size or frustule silicification, indicating a primarily chemical defense response. Cellular DA induction exceeded dissolved-pool enhancement during sustained co-culture. Conversely, short-term 24-h exposure increased dissolved DA concentrations by 1.73-fold relative to grazer-free controls, whereas cellular DA was not significantly induced. Mass-balance calculations revealed that grazer excretion accounted for only 15.4% of this dissolved surplus, indicating grazer-induced extracellular DA release by P. fukuyoi. These patterns suggest a potential shift from early extracellular chemical deterrence to sustained intracellular toxin-based defense. N. scintillans ingested all prey strains, but prey toxicity suppressed ingestion rates and drove negative grazer growth via post-ingestive toxin accumulation. Feeding on P. fukuyoi generated high cellular DA burdens in the grazer, with an apparent accumulation efficiency ∼300%, but depuration was rapid, removing ∼90% of accumulated DA within 6 h. This rapid clearance resulted in a low trophic transfer efficiency (3.69%), with only 12.52% released as dissolved DA, while most parent toxin became undetectable, suggesting internal transformation or degradation. These findings characterize N. scintillans as a transient DA reservoir and active toxin recycler that substantially modifies DA partitioning and dampens its upward trophic transfer potential in marine food webs.
Polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is a promising route for high-purity green hydrogen, yet its large-scale deployment is limited by heavy platinum-group-metal (PGM) usage and the high Pt loading required at the cathode. Although methods such as sputtering, atomic layer deposition, and electrodeposition have been explored, they often lead to poor dispersion, non-uniform growth, or agglomeration that reduces catalyst utilization. Achieving high hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance at ultra-low Pt loadings, therefore, requires a fabrication strategy capable of producing well-dispersed nanoscale Pt within a thin, mass-transport-efficient catalyst layer. Herein, we introduce a spray-coating assisted electrochemical reduction (Pt-SE) method that forms well-dispersed 2-3 nm Pt nanoparticles at an ultra-low loading of 0.0178 mgPt cm-2. Pt-SE delivers excellent HER activity, including an overpotential of 87 mV at 1 A cm-2 and a mass activity of 34.4 A mgPt -1, exceeding commercial Pt/C by more than 30-fold. As a PEMWE cathode, Pt-SE achieves 1.62 V and 90.6% higher-heating-value efficiency at 1 A cm-2. Further, techno-economic analysis shows that the 98% reduction in Pt usage lowers the levelized cost of hydrogen to 3.91$ kgH2 -1, within the DOE 2030 target range. These results highlight Pt-SE as a scalable and economically compelling approach for ultra-low-PGM PEMWE systems.
Aqueous microdroplets enable surfactant-mediated macroscopic synthesis of Ag nanoparticles and ammonia under argon and nitrogen, respectively, without external voltage or common reducing agents. Control studies reveal surfactant charge-induced reactivity at aqueous microdroplet interfaces, offering a green route for reduction in confined aqueous environments.
To explore odor differential biomarkers in different processed products of Atractylodis Rhizoma, this research took three processed products raw, bran-fried, and rice-water processed Atractylodis Rhizoma as research objects. The volatile components were detected by using headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry(HS-GC-IMS), with qualitative identification via NIST 2020 and IMS databases. Odor differences among the processed products of Atractylodis Rhizoma were compared by using fingerprint similarity evaluation and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA), while the odor differential biomarkers were screened through analysis of variance, variable importance projection(VIP), relative odor activity value(ROAV), and principal component analysis(PCA). The results show that a total of 83 chromatographic peaks and 47 compounds are identified, with terpenoids, acids, and alcohols as the primary shared volatile components in these three processed products of Atractylodis Rhizoma. After the raw Atractylodis Rhizoma was stir-fried with bran, the relative contents of alcohol components were significantly decreased, while the relative contents of aldehyde, ester, and heterocyclic components were increased. Especially, the contents of Maillard reaction products such as 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal, and furfural were significantly increased, resulting in a burnt aroma. After rice-water processing, the relative contents of terpenoid components were significantly decreased, while those of aldehyde and ester components were significantly increased. Fingerprint spectra reveal variations in the signal peak response concentrations of volatile components across different processed products of Atractylodis Rhizoma. Accordingly, raw, rice-water-processed, and bran-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma could be clearly clustered and distinguished in the two-dimensional scatter plots of PLS-DA and PCA. By taking VIP>1.0, P<0.05, fold change(FC)>1.2 or FC<0.83, and ROAV>1 as comprehensive indicators, eight key odor differential biomarkers including methyl salicylate, linalool, butanal, 3-methylbutanal, 2-methylbutanal, α-pinene, hexanal, and pentanal were identified, providing a chemical basis for revealing the processing mechanism of Atractylodis Rhizoma.