搜索结果：Therapeutische Umschau. Revue therapeutique

Annotated English translation of Duleau's "Notice sur A. Fresnel" in Revue encyclopédique, vol.39, pp.558-67 (September 1828), and of the shorter obituary for Fresnel in id., vol.37, pp.316-7.

Reporting quality is an important topic in clinical trial research articles, as it can impact clinical decisions. In this article, we test the ability of large language models to assess the reporting quality of this type of article using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). We create CONSORT-QA, an evaluation corpus from two studies on abstract reporting quality with CONSORT-abstract standards. We then evaluate the ability of different large generative language models (from the general domain or adapted to the biomedical domain) to correctly assess CONSORT criteria with different known prompting methods, including Chain-of-thought. Our best combination of model and prompting method achieves 85% accuracy. Using Chain-of-thought adds valuable information on the model's reasoning for completing the task.

Six time series related to atmospheric phenomena are used as inputs for experiments offorecasting with singular spectrum analysis (SSA). Existing methods for SSA parametersselection are compared throughout their forecasting accuracy relatively to an optimal aposteriori selection and to a naive forecasting methods. The comparison shows that awidespread practice of selecting longer windows leads often to poorer predictions. It alsoconfirms that the choices of the window length and of the grouping are essential. Withthe mean error of rainfall forecasting below 1.5%, SSA appears as a viable alternative forhorizons beyond two weeks.

In this paper we characterize the compact orbifolds, quotients $ X = \mathcal{D} /Γ$ of a bounded symmetric domain $ \mathcal{D}$ of tube type by the action of a discontinuous group $Γ$, as those projective orbifolds with ample canonical divisor possessing a slope zero tensor of `orbifold type'.

Metaphysics is traditionally conceived as aiming at the truth -- indeed, the most fundamental truths about the most general features of reality. Philosophical naturalists, urging that philosophical claims be grounded on science, have often assumed an eliminativist attitude towards metaphysics, consequently paying little attention to such a definition. In the more recent literature, however, naturalism has instead been taken to entail that the traditional conception of metaphysics can be accepted if and only if one is a scientific realist (and puts the right constraints on acceptable metaphysical claims). Here, we want to suggest that naturalists can, and perhaps should, pick a third option, based on a significant yet acceptable revision of the established understanding of metaphysics. More particularly, we will claim that a fictionalist approach to metaphysics is compatible with both the idea that the discipline inquires into the fundamental features of reality and naturalistic methodology; at the same time, it meshes well with both scientific realism and instrumentalism

Nanomaterials are an active area of research but also an economic sector in full expansion which addresses many applications domains. For instance, french production for the most common nanomaterials (such as silica, titanium dioxide, carbon black) is in the hundreds of thousands of tons. As for any innovation, one must consider the risks and, if necessary, establish rules to protect consumer health and that of the worker. This paper addresses in particular difficulties in defining these materials, the state of knowledge on human or environmental toxicity and requirements and agencies in charge of safety.---Les nanomatériaux représentent un domaine de recherche actif mais aussi un secteur économique en pleine expansion en vue de nombreuses applications. Par exemple la production française pour les matériaux les plus courants (comme la silice, le dioxyde de titane, le noir de carbone) se chiffre en centaines de milliers de tonnes. Comme c'est le cas pour toute innovation, il convient de s'interroger sur les risques et, si nécessaire, de fixer des règles pour protéger la santé du consommateur et celle du travailleur. On discute en particulier les difficultés pour définir ces matériau

This work presents an accuracy study of the open source OCR engine, Kraken, on the leading Arabic scholarly journal, al-Abhath. In contrast with other commercially available OCR engines, Kraken is shown to be capable of producing highly accurate Arabic-script OCR. The study also assesses the relative accuracy of typeface-specific and generalized models on the al-Abhath data and provides a microanalysis of the ``error instances'' and the contextual features that may have contributed to OCR misrecognition. Building on this analysis, the paper argues that Arabic-script OCR can be significantly improved through (1) a more systematic approach to training data production, and (2) the development of key technological components, especially multi-language models and improved line segmentation and layout analysis. Cet article pr{é}sente une {é}tude d'exactitude du moteur ROC open source, Krakan, sur la revue acad{é}mique arabe de premier rang, al-Abhath. Contrairement {à} d'autres moteurs ROC disponibles sur le march{é}, Kraken se r{é}v{è}le {ê}tre capable de produire de la ROC extr{ê}mement exacte de l'{é}criture arabe. L'{é}tude {é}value aussi l'exactitude relative des mod{è}les sp{é}cifi

Each complex hyperplane arrangement gives rise to a Milnor fibration of its complement. Although the Betti numbers of the Milnor fiber $F$ can be expressed in terms of the jump loci for rank 1 local systems on the complement, explicit formulas are still lacking in full generality, even for $b_1(F)$. We study here the "generic" case (in which $b_1(F)$ is as small as possible), and look deeper into the algebraic topology of such Milnor fibrations with trivial algebraic monodromy. Our main focus is on the cohomology jump loci and the lower central series quotients of $π_1(F)$. In the process, we produce a pair of arrangements for which the respective Milnor fibers have the same Betti numbers, yet non-isomorphic fundamental groups: the difference is picked by the higher-depth characteristic varieties and by the Schur multipliers of the second nilpotent quotients.

A degree one element of the Orlik-Solomon algebra of a hyperplane arrangement defines a cochain complex known as the Aomoto complex. The Aomoto complex can be considerd as the ``linear approximation'' of the twisted cochain complex with coefficients in a complex rank one local system. In this paper, we discuss $q$-deformations of the Aomoto complex. The $q$-deformation is defined by replacing the entries of representation matrices of the coboundary maps with their $q$-analogues. While the resulting maps do not generally define cochain complexes, for certain special basis derived from real structures, the $q$-deformation becomes again a cochain complex. Moreover, it exhibits universality in the sense that any specialization of $q$ to a complex number yields the cochain complex computing the corresponding local system cohomology group.

In his Theory of Light and Colours, presented to the Royal Society in November 1801, Thomas Young defended a mechanical explanation of the coloured fringes observed outside of the shadow of an opaque object-the so-called 'colours by inflection'-that was based on the hypothesis of an ethereal density gradient surrounding all material bodies. However, two years later, he publicly rejected that hypothesis, without giving much detail on his reasons. Now, although Geoffrey Cantor demonstrated the crucial role of mechanical and astronomical arguments in explaining the withdrawal of this fundamental hypothesis long ago, the purpose of this article is to draw deeper attention on a set of experiments performed by David Brewster on the inflection of light, described in a letter he addressed to the Royal Society in January 1802, but which kept retained in the hands of William Herschel and never reached its original destination. For the hypothesis that will be evaluated here is that these unpublished experiments of Brewster's were eventually known to Young through the mediation of William Herschel, and eventually played a significant role in his rejection of his own ether distribution hypothes

Educative platforms are at the heart of the development of online education. They can not only be reduced to technological aspects. Underlying models impact teaching and learning from the preparing of lessons to the learning sessions. Research related to these platforms are numerous and their stakes are important. For these reasons, we launched a call to a special issue on "Designs and uses of educative platforms" An educative platform is a computer system designed to automate various functions relating to the organization of the course, to the management of their content, to the monitoring of learners and supervision of persons in charge of various formations (Office de la langue française, 2005). So educative platforms are Learning Management Systems (LMS) which are specific to education contexts.

In 1850, Foucault was the first to compare experimentally the velocity of light in air to its velocity in water. And as the wave and projectile theories competing at the time predicted inverse results to such a measurement, Foucault ''declared the emission system incompatible with the reality of the facts''. Yet, in his Physical Theory, Duhem uses this very example to illustrate his epistemological demonstration of the impossibility of the 'experimentum crucis' in physics. Then, the ambition of the present article is to augment Duhem's demonstration with historical evidence relating precisely to the question of the speed of light in water. We will review the four major opinions on the nature of light developed between 1637 and 1801; all leading to theories concluding that the ratio of sines is constant and equal to the ratio of the velocities in the two media, but all being defended by at least two authors concluding to inverse ratios of those velocities -- and thus to opposite predictions on the result of an experiment such as Foucault's. The convergence of historical evidence will then confirm that the nature of light, considered in isolation, is in no way constrained by the meas

Research on infectious diseases constitutes a transversal scientific field. A specific corpus is designed by combining a controlled language (Medline MeSH thesaurus) and the categorization of journals (Web of Science). From this global corpus, the article characterizes the publications from the top 20 countries publishing in the field and evolutions between 2000 and 2020. Topic maps show the research themes within the field of infectious diseases both in the world and in France. The explosion of publications on Covid-19 in 2020 has a quite visible impact on the topic map in infectious diseases and changes the position of some countries in this field of research. The conclusion points to issues for further research as more complete data will become available on the Covid-19 period.

During his work devoted to Coxeter's friezes, M. Cuntz initiated the study of the notion of $λ$-quiddity and raised the problem of the study of this over some subsets of $\mathbb C$. More specifically, $λ$-quiddities are the solutions to a matrix equation, related to various mathematical objects, which we seek to solve over different sets. The aim of this text is to provide some new insights into the problem raised by M. Cuntz in the case of some cyclic subgroups of ($\mathbb{C},+$) generated by an algebraic number. In particular, we will study the cases of subgroups generated by $a+b\sqrt{k}$.

We discuss the most general condition under which a singular local tube fibration exists. We give an application to composition of map germs.

This paper presents a review of methods for collecting and analysing data on complex activities. Starting with methods developed for design, we examine the possibility to transpose them to other complex activities, especially activities referring to sensorial expertise. Résumé Ce texte présente une revue de méthodes pour recueillir et analyser des données sur des actvités complexes. A partir de méthodes développées pour des actvités de conception, nous examinons la possibilité de les transposer à d'autres actvités complexes, notamment des actvités faisant à appel à des expertises sensorielles.

Directional detection is a promising Dark Matter search strategy. Taking advantage on the rotation of the Solar system around the galactic center through the Dark Matter halo, it allows to show a direction dependence of WIMP events. It requires the simultaneous measurement of the energy and the 3D track of low energy recoils, which is a common challenge for all current projects of directional detectors. The third CYGNUS workshop on directional dark matter detection has brought together the scientific community working on both theoretical and experimental aspects of the subject. In this paper, we give an introductory revue of directional detection of Dark Matter, focusing on the main recent progresses.

Je presente une revue des microlentilles gravitationnelles en quatre lecons. Dans un premier temps, je discute la theorie des microlentilles dans le contexte general des lentilles, en incluant les effets de la taille finie des sources, de la parallaxe, et du retard temporel entre les images. Dans la deuxieme lecon, j'analyse les experiences courantes. Je montre qu'il n'est pas possible d'expliquer les evenements observes avec les etoiles connues, que ce soit en direction du bulbe ou du Grand Nuage de Magellan. Je decris quelques nouvelles experiences qui pourraient nous reveler les caracteristiques des objets detectes. Le troisieme sujet porte sur la methode des pixels, inventee pour observer des evenements de microlentilles sur des sources non resolues. Je presente une analyse generale de la methode, en incluant des problemes d'alignement geometrique, photometrique, et de PSF, du rapport signal sur bruit, et de la nature des informations tirees des observations. Je presente un rapport sur le progres des experiences actuelles et je discute de deux idees pour rechercher des objets sombres dans l'amas de Virgo et des `microlentilles extremes' dans le bulbe. Pour finir, je parle de l'

In this revue are presented several present activities and experiments at Alomar observatory and BEO Moussala and the possibility to investigate the influence of cosmic ray on climate parameters and the impact of cosmic ray to climate change. The general aim of these experiments is to study the possible correlation between cosmic ray variation and atmosphere parameters. The potential to study the possible correlations is discussed. The existing experiments and devices are presented as well these in preparation and commissioning. The scientific potential of future and in preparation experiments is discussed. The possibility to study the space weather at BEO Moussala and Alomar observatory presented. The specific devises precisely the muon telescope, neutron flux-meter, Cherenkov light telescope and muon hodoscope are presented