搜索结果：The Psychiatric clinics of North America

We present the first results from a CARMA high-resolution $^{12}$CO(1-0), $^{13}$CO(1-0), and C$^{18}$O(1-0) molecular line survey of the North America and Pelican (NAP) Nebulae. CARMA observations have been combined with single-dish data from the Purple Mountain 13.7m telescope to add short spacings and produce high-dynamic-range images. We find that the molecular gas is predominantly shaped by the W80 HII bubble that is driven by an O star. Several bright rims are probably remnant molecular clouds heated and stripped by the massive star. Matching these rims in molecular lines and optical images, we construct a model of the three-dimensional structure of the NAP complex. Two groups of molecular clumps/filaments are on the near side of the bubble, one being pushed toward us, whereas the other is moving toward the bubble. Another group is on the far side of the bubble and moving away. The young stellar objects in the Gulf region reside in three different clusters, each hosted by a cloud from one of the three molecular clump groups. Although all gas content in the NAP is impacted by feedback from the central O star, some regions show no signs of star formation, while other areas clea

We present spectroscopic observations of the double-lined early type eclipsing binary V1898\,Cyg. The radial velocities were obtained by means of the cross-correlation technique. Analyses of the BV light curves and RVs led to determination of the fundamental stellar parameters of the V1898\,Cyg's components. We derived new ephemerides for the eclipsing pair using the observed times of mid-eclipses. The residuals between the observed and computed times of mid-eclipses were analysed and a rate of the period change $\dot{P}/P= 6.68 \times 10^{-7}\,yr^{-1}$ was obtained. The orbital period is increased by about 0.38 s in the last 24 years due to the mass transfer from less massive secondary to the more massive primary star with an amount of $1.88\times10^{-7}\,$ \Msun in a year, assuming conservative case. Results of the light and radial velocity curves' analyses were combined and the physical parameters of the components were revealed. The absolute parameters for the stars are derived as: M$_1$=6.054$\pm$0.037 M$_{\odot}$, M$_2$=1.162$\pm$0.011 M$_{\odot}$, R$_1$=3.526$\pm$0.009 R$_{\odot}$, R$_2$=2.640$\pm$0.010 R$_{\odot}$, T$_{eff_1}$=18\,000$\pm$600 K, and T$_{eff_2}$=6\,200$\pm$2

Elucidating the statistical properties of extreme meteo-climatic events and capturing the physical processes responsible for their occurrence are key steps for improving our understanding of climate variability and climate change and for better evaluating the associated hazards. It has recently become apparent that large deviation theory is very useful for investigating persistent extreme events, and specifically, for flexibly estimating long return periods and for introducing a notion of dynamical typicality. Using a methodological framework based on large deviation theory and taking advantage of long simulations by a state-of-the-art Earth System Model, we investigate the 2021 North America Heatwave. Indeed, our analysis shows that the 2021 event can be seen as an unlikely but possible manifestation of climate variability, whilst its probability of occurrence is greatly amplified by the ongoing climate change. We also clarify the properties of spatial coherence of the 2021 heatwave and elucidate the role played by the Rocky Mountains in modulating hot, dry, and persistent extreme events in the Western Pacific region of North America.

In the area covering the complex of the North America and Pelican nebulae we identified 13 faint stars with J-H and H-Ks color indices which simulate heavily reddened O-type stars. One of these stars is CP05-4 classified as O5 V by Comeron and Pasquali (2005). Combining magnitudes of these stars in the passbands I, J, H, Ks and [8.3] we were able to suspect that two of them are carbon stars and five are late M-type AGB stars. Interstellar extinction in the direction of these stars was estimated from the background red clump giants in the J-H vs. H-Ks diagram and from star counts in the Ks passband. Four or five stars are found to have a considerable probability of being O-type stars, contributing to the ionization of North America and Pelican. If they really are O-type stars, their interstellar extinction A(V) should be from 16 to 35 mag. Two of them seem to be responsible for bright E and J radio rims discovered by Matthews and Goss (1980).

We present and discuss broad band CCD $UBV(I)_C$ photometry and low resolution spectroscopy for stars in the region of the open cluster NGC 6996, located in the North America Nebula. The new data allow us to tightly constrain the basic properties of this object. We revise the cluster size, which in the past has been significantly underestimated. The width of the Main Sequence is mainly interpreted in terms of differential reddening, and indeed the stars' color excess $E_{B-V}$ ranges from 0.43 to 0.65, implying the presence of a significant and evenly distributed dust component. We cross-correlate our optical photometry with near infrared from 2MASS, and by means of spectral classification we are able to build up extinction curves for an handful of bright members. We find that the reddening slope and the total to selective absorption ratio $R_V$ toward NGC 6996 are anomalous. Moreover the reddening corrected colors and magnitudes allow us to derive estimates for the cluster distance and age, which turn out to be $760 \pm 70 pc$ ($V_{0}-M_{V} = 9.4 \pm 0.2$) and $\sim 350$ Myr, respectively. Basing on our results, we suggest that NGC 6996 is located in front of the North America Neb

We present observations of near-infrared 2.12 micro-meter molecular hydrogen outflows emerging from 1.1 mm dust continuum clumps in the North America and Pelican Nebula (NAP) complex selected from the Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS). Hundreds of individual shocks powered by over 50 outflows from young stars are identified, indicating that the dusty molecular clumps surrounding the NGC 7000 / IC 5070 / W80 HII region are among the most active sites of on-going star formation in the Solar vicinity. A spectacular X-shaped outflow, MHO 3400, emerges from a young star system embedded in a dense clump more than a parsec from the ionization front associated with the Pelican Nebula (IC 5070). Suspected to be a binary, the source drives a pair of outflows with orientations differing by 80 degrees. Each flow exhibits S-shaped symmetry and multiple shocks indicating a pulsed and precessing jet. The `Gulf of Mexico' located south of the North America Nebula (NGC 7000), contains a dense cluster of molecular hydrogen objects (MHOs), Herbig-Haro (HH) objects, and over 300 YSOs, indicating a recent burst of star formation. The largest outflow detected thus far in the North America and Pelican

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) offers potential solutions to address problems such as shortage of medical resources and low diagnostic consistency in psychiatric clinical practice. Despite this potential, a robust and comprehensive benchmarking framework to assess the efficacy of LLMs in authentic psychiatric clinical environments is absent. This has impeded the advancement of specialized LLMs tailored to psychiatric applications. In response to this gap, by incorporating clinical demands in psychiatry and clinical data, we proposed a benchmarking system, PsychBench, to evaluate the practical performance of LLMs in psychiatric clinical settings. We conducted a comprehensive quantitative evaluation of 16 LLMs using PsychBench, and investigated the impact of prompt design, chain-of-thought reasoning, input text length, and domain-specific knowledge fine-tuning on model performance. Through detailed error analysis, we identified strengths and potential limitations of the existing models and suggested directions for improvement. Subsequently, a clinical reader study involving 60 psychiatrists of varying seniority was conducted to further explore the practical benefits of ex

We compare the large scale galaxy clustering between the North and South SDSS early data release (EDR) and also with the clustering in the APM Galaxy Survey. The three samples are independent and cover an area of 150, 230 and 4300 square degrees respectively. We combine SDSS data in different ways to approach the APM selection. Given the good photometric calibration of the SDSS data and the very good match of its North and South number counts, we combine them in a single sample. The joint clustering is compared with equivalent subsamples in the APM. The final sampling errors are small enough to provide an independent test for some of the results in the APM. We find evidence for an inflection in the shape of the 2-point function in the SDSS which is very similar to what is found in the APM. This feature has been interpreted as evidence for non-linear gravitational growth. By studying higher order correlations, we can also confirm good agreement with the hypothesis of Gaussian initial conditions (and small biasing) for the structure traced by the large scale SDSS galaxy distribution.

We present a spectroscopic survey of over 3400 potential members in the North America and Pelican nebulae (NAP) using several low-resolution ($R\approx$ 1300-2000) spectrographs: Palomar/Norris, WIYN/HYDRA, Keck/DEIMOS, and MMT/Hectospec. We identify 580 young stars as likely members of the NAP region based on criteria involving infrared excess, Li I 6708 absorption, X-ray emission, parallax, and proper motions. The spectral types of individual spectra are derived by fitting them with templates that are either empirical spectra of pre-main sequence stars, or model atmospheres. The templates are artificially veiled, and a best-fit combination of spectral type and veiling parameter is derived for each star. We use the spectral types with archival photometry to derive $V$-band extinction and stellar luminosity. From the H-R diagram, the median age of the young stars is about 1 Myr, with a luminosity dispersion of $\sim$0.3--0.4 dex. We investigate the photometric variability of the spectroscopic member sample using ZTF data, and conclude that photometric variability, while present, does not significantly contribute to the luminosity dispersion. While larger than the formal errors, the

We use Transition Path Theory (TPT) to frame, in a statistically more robust fashion than earlier analyses, equatorward routes of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) in the subpolar North Atlantic. TPT is applied on all available RAFOS and Argo floats in the area by means of a discretization of the Lagrangian dynamics described by their trajectories. By considering floats at different depths, we investigate transition paths of NADW in its upper (UNADW) and lower (LNADW) layers. We find that the majority of UNADW transition paths sourced in the Labrador and southwestern Irminger Seas reach the western side of a target arranged zonally along the southern edge of the subpolar North Atlantic domain visited by the floats. This is accomplished in the form of a well-organized deep boundary current (DBC). LNADW transition paths sourced west of the Reykjanes Ridge reveal a similar pattern, while those sourced east of the ridge are found to hit the western side of the target via a DBC and also several other places along it in a less organized fashion, indicating southward flow along the eastern and western flanks of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Naked-eye inspection of trajectories suggest generally

We evaluate the performance of various configurations of the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM6-GEM5) in simulating 10-meter wind speeds using data from 27 AmeriFlux stations across North America. The assessment employs a hierarchy of error metrics, ranging from simple mean bias to advanced metrics that account for the dependence of wind speeds on variables such as friction velocity and stability. The results reveal that (i) the value of roughness length (z0) has a large effect on the simulation of wind speeds, (ii) using a lower limit for the Obhukov length instead of a lower limit for the lowest level wind speed seems to deteriorate the simulation of wind speeds under very stable conditions, (iii) the choice of stability function has a small but noticeable impact on the wind speeds, (iv) the turbulent orographic form drag scheme shows improvement over effective roughness length approach.

The slope of the interstellar reddening line in the J-H vs. H-Ks diagram of the 2MASS survey in the direction of the North America and Pelican nebulae, the L935 dust cloud and the Cyg OB2 association is determined. The MK types were either classified by C. J. Corbally or collected from the literature. The ratio E(J-H)/E(H-Ks) = 2.0 is obtained by taking the average for the four groups of spectral classes: O3--B1, B2--B6, B7--B9.5 and red clump giants. The obtained ratio is larger than the `typical' value, 1.7-1.8.

We present a study of 323 photometrically variable young stellar objects that are likely members of the North America and Pelican (NAP) nebulae star forming region. To do so, we utilize over two years of data in the $g$ and $r$ photometric bands from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). We first investigate periodic variability, finding 46 objects ($\sim$15\% of the sample) with significant periods that phase well, and can be attributed to stellar rotation. We then use the quasi-periodicity (Q) and flux asymmetry (M) variability metrics to assign morphological classifications to the remaining aperiodic light curves. Another $\sim$39\% of the variable star sample beyond the periodic sources are also flux-symmetric, but with a quasi-periodic (moderate $Q$) or stochastic (high $Q$) nature. Concerning flux-asymmetric sources, our analysis reveals $\sim$14\% bursters (high negative $M$) and $\sim$29\% dippers (high positive $M$). We also investigate the relationship between variability slopes in the $g$ vs $g-r$ color-magnitude diagram, and the light curve morphological classes. Burster-type objects have shallow slopes, while dipper-type variables tend to have higher slopes that are con

The prevailing conceptual model for the production of severe local storm (SLS) environments over North America asserts that upstream elevated terrain and the Gulf of Mexico are both essential to their formation. This work tests this hypothesis using two prescribed-ocean climate model experiments with North American topography removed or the Gulf of Mexico converted to land and analyzes how SLS environments and associated synoptic-scale drivers (southerly Great Plains low-level jets, drylines, elevated mixed layers, and extratropical cyclones) change relative to a control historical run. Overall, SLS environments depend strongly on upstream elevated terrain but weakly on the Gulf of Mexico. Removing elevated terrain substantially reduces SLS environments especially over the continental interior due to broad reductions in both thermodynamic and kinematic parameters, leaving a more zonally-uniform residual distribution that is maximized near the Gulf coast and decays toward the continental interior. This response is associated with a strong reduction in synoptic-scale drivers and a cooler and drier mean-state atmosphere. Replacing the Gulf of Mexico with land modestly reduces SLS envi

Magnitudes and color indices in the Vilnius seven-color system are measured for 690 stars down to ~13.2 mag in the area of the North America and Pelican nebulae. Spectral types, absolute magnitudes, color excesses, interstellar extinctions and distances of the stars are determined. The plots of interstellar extinction Av versus distance for the North America Nebula and for the dark cloud L935 show that both areas are covered by the same absorbing cloud, situated at a distance of 600 pc. The maximal extinction in the area of the nebula is ~3 mag, while in the dark cloud L935 it is much greater.

Here we describe the ultramafic talc-carbonate unit of the North Pole Dome. The North Pole Dome (NPD) is located in the centre of the East Pilbara Terrane (Van Kranendonk et al., 2007). The NPD is a structural dome of bedded, dominantly mafic volcanic rocks of the Warrawoona and Kelly Groups that dip gently away from the North Pole Monzogranite exposed in the core of the dome (Figure 1) (Van Kranendonk, 1999, 2000). Average dips vary from 30 to 60 degrees in the inner part of the dome to about 60 to 80 degrees in the outer part of the dome (Van Kranendonk, 2000). The North Pole Monzogranite is interpreted to represent a syn-volcanic laccolith to the Panorama Formation (Thorpe et al., 1992) and has been estimated to extend approximately 1.5km below the surface, based on gravity surveys (Blewett et al., 2004). Felsic volcanic formations are interbedded with the greenstones (Hickman, 1983), and these are capped by cherts that indicate hiatuses in volcanism (Barley, 1993; Van Kranendonk, 2006). An overall arc-related model for hydrothermal activity is favored by Barley (1993), whereas more recent studies have indicated a mantle-plume model for igneous and hydrothermal activity at the N

A previous study of symmetric collisions of massive nuclei has shown that current models of multi-nucleon transfer (MNT) reactions do not adequately describe the transfer product yields. To gain further insight into this problem, we have measured the yields of MNT products in the interaction of 977 (E/A = 4.79 MeV) and 1143 MeV (E/A = 5.60 MeV) $^{204}$Hg with $^{208}$Pb. We find that the yield of multi-nucleon transfer products are similar in these two reactions and are substantially lower than those observed in the reaction of 1257 MeV (E/A = 6.16 MeV) $^{204}$Hg + $^{198}$Pt. We compare our measurements with the predictions of the GRAZING-F, di-nuclear systems (DNS) and improved quantum molecular dynamics (ImQMD) models. For the observed isotopes of the elements Au, Hg, Tl, Pb and Bi, the measured values of the MNT cross sections are orders of magnitude larger than the predicted values. Furthermore, the various models predict the formation of nuclides near the N=126 shell, which are not observed.

The Bajamar Star is an early O star that ionizes the North America/Pelican Nebulae. In projection, it is near the geometric center of the H II region, but appears to lie outside any of the main stellar subgroups. Furthermore, in Gaia DR2, there were slight discrepancies between this star and the rest of the system in parallax (2$σ$ larger) and relative tangential velocity (~6 km/s). Using Gaia EDR3, we find that the parallax discrepancy has disappeared, but the velocity difference remains. These results are consistent with the star having escaped from a subgroup.

The analysis of comorbidity is an open and complex research field in the branch of psychiatry, where clinical experience and several studies suggest that the relation among the psychiatric disorders may have etiological and treatment implications. In this paper, we are interested in applying latent feature modeling to find the latent structure behind the psychiatric disorders that can help to examine and explain the relationships among them. To this end, we use the large amount of information collected in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) database and propose to model these data using a nonparametric latent model based on the Indian Buffet Process (IBP). Due to the discrete nature of the data, we first need to adapt the observation model for discrete random variables. We propose a generative model in which the observations are drawn from a multinomial-logit distribution given the IBP matrix. The implementation of an efficient Gibbs sampler is accomplished using the Laplace approximation, which allows integrating out the weighting factors of the multinomial-logit likelihood model. We also provide a variational inference algorithm for this m