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In this paper, we propose and realize a new deep learning architecture for discovering symbolic representations for objects and their relations based on the self-supervised continuous interaction of a manipulator robot with multiple objects on a tabletop environment. The key feature of the model is that it can handle a changing number number of objects naturally and map the object-object relations into symbolic domain explicitly. In the model, we employ a self-attention layer that computes discrete attention weights from object features, which are treated as relational symbols between objects. These relational symbols are then used to aggregate the learned object symbols and predict the effects of executed actions on each object. The result is a pipeline that allows the formation of object symbols and relational symbols from a dataset of object features, actions, and effects in an end-to-end manner. We compare the performance of our proposed architecture with state-of-the-art symbol discovery methods in a simulated tabletop environment where the robot needs to discover symbols related to the relative positions of objects to predict the observed effect successfully. Our experiments

In this study, we investigate whether speech symbols, learned through deep learning, follow Zipf's law, akin to natural language symbols. Zipf's law is an empirical law that delineates the frequency distribution of words, forming fundamentals for statistical analysis in natural language processing. Natural language symbols, which are invented by humans to symbolize speech content, are recognized to comply with this law. On the other hand, recent breakthroughs in spoken language processing have given rise to the development of learned speech symbols; these are data-driven symbolizations of speech content. Our objective is to ascertain whether these data-driven speech symbols follow Zipf's law, as the same as natural language symbols. Through our investigation, we aim to forge new ways for the statistical analysis of spoken language processing.

We begin with the higher-weight modular symbols introduced by Shokurov, which generalize Manin's weight-2 modular symbols. We then define higher-weight limiting modular symbols associated to vertical geodesics with one endpoint at an irrational real number, by means of a limiting procedure on Shokurov's modular symbols. These are analogous to the Manin-Marcolli limiting modular symbols for the weight-2 case, which are given by a similar limiting procedure on the Manin modular symbols. We show that the limit defining the higher-weight limiting modular symbol is equivalent everywhere to a limit given by approximating the irrational endpoint by its continued fraction expansion. This is done by means of shifting to a coding space, as in the approach of Kesseböhmer and Stratmann in the weight-2 case.

In this article, we prove that the 2-isotropy of any projective variety is controlled by a pure symbol in the Milnor's K-theory (mod 2) of the flexible closure of the base field. We also show that such pure symbols control the 2-equivalence of field extensions as well as the numerical equivalence of algebraic cycles (with mod 2 coefficients).

Triple symbols are arithmetic analogues of the mod $n$ triple linking number in topology, where $n > 1$ is an integer. In this paper, we introduce a cohomological formulation of a mod $n$ triple symbol for characters over a number field containing a primitive $n$-th root of unity. Our definition is motivated by the arithmetic Chern--Simons theory and in this respect it differs from earlier approaches to triple symbols. We show that our symbol agrees with that of Rédei when $n=2$ and of Amano--Mizusawa--Morishita when $n=3$.

We construct a set of Wigner 6j symbols with gluon lines (adjoint representations) in closed form, expressed in terms of similar 6j symbols with quark lines (fundamental representations). Together with Wigner 6j symbols with quark lines, this gives a set of 6j symbols sufficient for treating QCD color structure for any number of external particles, in or beyond perturbation theory. This facilitates a complete treatment of QCD color structure in terms of orthogonal multiplet bases, without the need of ever explicitly constructing the corresponding bases. We thereby open up for a completely representation theory based treatment of SU(N) color structure, with the potential of significantly speeding up the color structure treatment.

Rademacher symbols may be defined in terms of Dedekind sums, and give the value at zero of the zeta function associated to a narrow ideal class of a real quadratic field. Duke extended these symbols to give the zeta function values at all negative integers. Here we prove Duke's conjecture that these higher Rademacher symbols are integer valued, making the above zeta value denominators as simple as the corresponding Riemann zeta value denominators. The proof uses detailed properties of Bernoulli numbers, including a generalization of the Kummer congruences.

In the Gelfand-Shilov setting, the localisation operator $A^{\varphi_1,\varphi_2}_a$ is equal to the Weyl operator whose symbol is the convolution of $a$ with the Wigner transform of the windows $\varphi_2$ and $\varphi_1$. We employ this fact, to extend the definition of localisation operators to symbols $a$ having very fast super-exponential growth by allowing them to be mappings from ${\mathcal D}^{\{M_p\}}(\mathbb R^d)$ into ${\mathcal D}'^{\{M_p\}}(\mathbb R^d)$, where $M_p$, $p\in\mathbb N$, is a non-quasi-analytic Gevrey type sequence. By choosing the windows $\varphi_1$ and $\varphi_2$ appropriately, our main results show that one can consider symbols with growth in position space of the form $\exp(\exp(l|\cdot|^q))$, $l,q>0$.

We give explicit formulas for the Berezin symbols and the complex Weyl symbols of the metaplectic representation operators by using the holomorphic representations of the Jacobi group. Then we recover some known formulas for the symbols of the metaplectic operators in the classical Weyl calculus, in particular for the classical Weyl symbol of the exponential of an operator whose Weyl symbol is a quadratic form.

We prove shuffle relations which relate a product of regularised integrals of classical symbols to regularised nested (Chen) iterated integrals, which hold if all the symbols involved have non-vanishing residue. This is true in particular for non-integer order symbols. In general the shuffle relations hold up to finite parts of corrective terms arising from renormalisation on tensor products of classical symbols, a procedure adapted from renormalisation procedures on Feynman diagrams familiar to physicists. We relate the shuffle relations for regularised integrals of symbols with shuffle relations for multizeta functions adapting the above constructions to the case of symbols on the unit circle.

The main goal of this paper is to construct non-commutative Hilbert modular symbols. However, we also construct commutative Hilbert modular symbols. Both the commutative and the non-commutative Hilbert modular symbols are generalizations of Manin's classical and non-commutative modular symbols. We prove that many cases of (non-)commutative Hilbert modular symbols are periods in the sense on Kontsevich-Zagier. Hecke operators act naturally on them. Manin defines the non-commutative modilar symbol in terms of iterated path integrals. In order to define non-commutative Hilbert modular symbols, we use a generalization of iterated path integrals to higher dimensions, which we call iterated integrals on membranes. Manin examines similarities between non-commutative modular symbol and multiple zeta values both in terms of infinite series and in terms of iterated path integrals. Here we examine similarities in the formulas for non-commutative Hilbert modular symbol and multiple Dedekind zeta values, recently defined by the author, both in terms of infinite series and in terms of iterated integrals on membranes.

The Marpa parser was intended to make the best results in the academic literature on Earley's algorithm available as a practical general parser. Earley-based parsers have had issues handling nullable symbols. Initially, we dealt with nullable symbols by following the approach in Aycock and Horspool's 2002 paper. This paper reports our experience with the approach in that paper, and the approach to handling nullables that we settled on in reaction to that experience.

The purpose of the present article is to show the multilinearity for symbols in Goodwillie-Lichtenbaum complex in two cases. The first case shown is where the degree is equal to the weight. In this case, the motivic cohomology groups of a field are isomorphic to the Milnor's K-groups as shown by Nesterenko-Suslin, Totaro and Suslin-Voevodsky for various motivic complexes, but we give an explicit isomorphism for Goodwillie-Lichtenbaum complex in a form which visibly carries multilinearity of Milnor's symbols to our multilinearity of motivic symbols. Next, we establish multilinearity and skew-symmetry for irreducible Goodwillie-Lichtenbaum symbols in H^{l-1} (Spec k, Z(l)). These properties have been expected to hold from the author's construction of a bilinear form of dilogarithm in case k is a subfield of the field of complex numbers and l=2. Next, we establish multilinearity and skew-symmetry for Goodwillie-Lichtenbaum symbols in H^{l-1} (Spec k, Z(l)). These properties have been expected to hold from the author's construction of a bilinear form of dilogarithm in case k is a subfield of the field of complex numbers and l=2. The multilinearity of symbols may be viewed as a generali

Andrews recently introduced k-marked Durfee symbols which are connected to moments of Dyson's rank. By these connections, Andrews deduced their generating functions and some combinatorial properties and left their purely combinatorial proofs as open problems. The primary goal of this article is to provide combinatorial proofs in answer to Andrews' request. We obtain a relation between k-marked Durfee symbols and Durfee symbols by constructing bijections, and all identities on k-marked Durfee symbols given by Andrews could follow from this relation. In a similar manner, we also prove the identities due to Andrews on k-marked odd Durfee symbols combinatorially, which resemble ordinary k-marked Durfee symbols with a modified subscript and with odd numbers as entries.

Neuro-Symbolic (NeSy) integration combines symbolic reasoning with Neural Networks (NNs) for tasks requiring perception and reasoning. Most NeSy systems rely on continuous relaxation of logical knowledge, and no discrete decisions are made within the model pipeline. Furthermore, these methods assume that the symbolic rules are given. In this paper, we propose Deep Symbolic Learning (DSL), a NeSy system that learns NeSy-functions, i.e., the composition of a (set of) perception functions which map continuous data to discrete symbols, and a symbolic function over the set of symbols. DSL learns simultaneously the perception and symbolic functions while being trained only on their composition (NeSy-function). The key novelty of DSL is that it can create internal (interpretable) symbolic representations and map them to perception inputs within a differentiable NN learning pipeline. The created symbols are automatically selected to generate symbolic functions that best explain the data. We provide experimental analysis to substantiate the efficacy of DSL in simultaneously learning perception and symbolic functions.

Dedekind symbols generalize the classical Dedekind sums (symbols). The symbols are determined uniquely by their reciprocity laws up to an additive constant. There is a natural isomorphism between the space of Dedekind symbols with polynomial (Laurent polynomial) reciprocity laws and the space of cusp (modular) forms. In this article we introduce Hecke operators on the space of weighted Dedekind symbols. We prove that these newly introduced operators are compatible with Hecke operators on the space of modular forms. As an application, we present formulae to give Fourier coefficients of Hecke eigenforms. In particular we give explicit formulae for generalized Ramanujan's tau functions.

We study a class of SU(N) Wigner 6j symbols involving two fundamental representations, and derive explicit formulae for all 6j symbols in this class. Our formulae express the 6j symbols in terms of the dimensions of the involved representations, and they are thereby functions of N. We view these explicit formulae as a first step towards efficiently decomposing SU(N) color structures in terms of group invariants.

In this paper we introduce the notion of Shimura's period symbols over function fields in positive characteristic and establish their fundamental properties. We further formulate and prove a function field analogue of Shimura's conjecture on the algebraic independence of period symbols. Our results enable us to verify the algebraic independence of the coordinates of any nonzero period vector of an abelian t-module with complex multiplication whose CM type is non-degenerate and defined over an algebraic function field. This is an extension of Yu's work on Hilbert-Blumenthal t-modules.