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was to investigate the potential of using artificial intelligence technologies for age estimation in children from dental radiographs. Materials and Methods: ), mean squared error (MSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). Results: The study showed that the developed machine learning model was highly accurate in age estimation in children. The mean absolute error across cross-validation was 0.92 years, which was significantly lower than the error associated with traditional manual methods.
BACKGROUND: Diagnosing psychiatric disorders following craniocerebral trauma primarily depends on clinical symptoms and neuropsychological evaluation, which can be subjective and limited. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), S100 calcium-binding protein β (S100-β), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in post-traumatic mental disorders. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 108 patients with craniocerebral trauma admitted to Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine between January 2021 and December 2023. Patients were categorized into a post-traumatic mental disorder group (n = 68) and a simple craniocerebral trauma group (n = 40) according to whether they had mental disorders. Serum MMP-9, S100-β, and GFAP levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared between the two groups. Logistic multivariate regression identified risk factors for post-traumatic mental disorders, while receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis assessed the predictive value of the biomarkers. Spearman correlation analysis examined the relationship between serum biomarkers and the presence of post-traumatic mental disorders. RESULTS: Serum levels of MMP-9, S100-β, and GFAP were significantly elevated in the post-traumatic mental disorder group compared to the simple traumatic brain injury group (p < 0.001). Logistic regression revealed that craniocerebral injury severity, family satisfaction, and serum levels of S100-β and GFAP were significant risk factors for post-traumatic mental disorders (p < 0.05). The areas under the ROC curve for MMP-9, S100-β, and GFAP were 0.768, 0.937, and 0.904, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum MMP-9, S100-β and GFAP were significantly positively correlated with the incidence of post-traumatic mental disorders (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The levels of MMP-9, S100-β and GFAP were abnormal in the serum of patients with craniocerebral trauma. These biomarkers hold significant diagnostic value in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.
The paper presents an osteological study of the Posad necropolis of the ancient Russian city of Kursk of the 11th — 13th centuries. A total of 31 human skeletons were found, 20 of which belonged to adult individuals. The males and females of the group are characterized by an average and above average value of the intermembrane index, with slightly elongated upper limbs more common. Most males and females have an average or near average ratio of arm and leg segment lengths. The females are characterized by narrow shoulders and average pelvic width. The lifetime body length of men ranged from 155.9 cm to 174.7 cm, that is, men’s height ranged from small to large. The lifetime height of females ranged from 151.4 cm to 164.9 cm, that is, the height of women varied from below average to large. The bones of the arms and legs in the male sample are characterized by an average and high degree of massiveness. In in the female sample, the clavicles and ulna bones are different in terms of massiveness — the humeri are either medium massive or gracile, while the radii are medium massive, highly massive or ultramassive. The leg bones are of medium to high massiveness. Both male and female samples are characterized by strong sagittal flattening and notable development of the interosseous edge of the radii, weak sagittal flattening of the ulnae, and strong transverse flattening of the tibiae. In most males and females, the ulnae in the upper part of the diaphysis are moderately wide or eurolenic. In most males, the diaphysis of the femoral bones is narrow in the middle, some have a poorly or moderately developed bone pilaster. The femoral bones of females are characterized by both an expanded and narrowed diaphysis in the middle part of the shaft. The posterior bone pilaster is poorly developed in all females. More than 50% of men have a flattened and strongly flattened diaphysis of the femoral bones in the upper part. In most females, the diaphysis of the femoral bones is very flattened and hyperplatimeric. Both males and females are characterized by mesoknemic, or moderately dilated in the upper part, tibia.
The research goal was to identify the macro- and microstructural features of animal bone remains and soft tissues under thermal exposure. The study was conducted in the autopsy and histological laboratory of the Department of Anatomy, Pathological Anatomy and Surgery of the Institute of Applied Biotechnology and Veterinary Medicine of the Krasnoyarsk State Agricultural University. The material for the study was bone remains and fragments of soft tissues of an animal after thermal exposure to an open flame found in a forest burned area. The main research methods were anatomical, topographic, cytological and morphometric ones. It was found that the examined fragments represented the burnt remains of an animal (a mammal of the canid family - a domestic dog - Canis lupus e. familiaris) with varying degrees of temperature exposure. Based on macroscopic (anatomical and topographic) and microscopic (cytological) studies of the burnt bone remains and soft tissues, it may be concluded that thermal exposure to animal tissues leads to charring of bones to a state of black and gray heat, and the formation of undifferentiated bone chips as well as burnt and smoked soft tissues. Tubular bones as well as vertebral bodies built of lamellar bone tissue are more resistant to high temperatures as compared to flat bones built of coarse-fibrous bone tissue; that allows them to be identified at the organ and species levels. Skeletal striated muscle fibers and connective tissue fibers after exposure to high temperatures may be identified at the cellular level which is probably due to the fixing effect of high temperatures preventing postmortem autolysis.
The research goal was to conduct preclinical tests and determine the local intolerance of a complex herbal remedy using the method of skin applications. Four trial groups of 10 guinea pigs were formed. On the sides of laboratory animals, 2 patches of skin 2 × 2 cm were sheared. In the 1st group, the ointment of a complex remedy from vegetable raw materials prepared on petrolate at a dose of 50 mg g was evenly applied to the right side, once a day, for 20 days. In the 2nd group, the ointment of a complex remedy from vegetable raw materials prepared on petrolate at a dose of 300 mg g was evenly applied once a day, for 20 days; in the 3rd group, the ointment of a complex remedy from vegetable raw materials prepared on petrolate was evenly applied at a dose of 3000 mg g, once a day, for 20 days; in the 4th group - at a dose of 4000 mg g, once a day, for 20 days. Petrolate was similarly applied to the left side in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups without a complex agent. The skin response was visually assessed after 30 minutes, 24 hours, 48 hours, 7 days, 14 days, 20 days and a week after the end of the study. The findings obtained indicate the absence of any allergic response the trimmed skin areas which indicates that the complex remedy from plant raw materials does not cause any local intolerance on the skin of guinea pigs and may be classified as hazard class IV (low-risk substances).
Forensic biology is a crucial discipline that applies biological principles to criminal investigations,aiding in the identification of individuals and analysis of biological evidence. This fieldencompasses DNA profiling, forensic anthropology, entomology, and microbiology to solve crimesand identify remains. Advanced techniques, such as next-generation sequencing and microbialforensics, have enhanced the accuracy and reliability of forensic analyses. DNA analysis, inparticular, has revolutionized criminal investigations by enabling precise identification fromminimal biological traces. Bloodstain pattern analysis is a crucial aspect of forensic biology, aidingin crime scene reconstruction by determining the dynamics of bloodshed events. This studyinvestigates the variation in blood spatter diameter on different surfaces when dropped from varyingheights. Factors such as surface texture, absorbency, and height influence the spread and shape ofbloodstains, affecting forensic interpretations. Controlled experiments were conducted using blooddroplets on multiple surfaces, measuring spatter diameters at different heights to identify patterns.The findings provide insights into how surface properties and gravitational forces impact bloodstainmorphology, enhancing forensic accuracy in crime scene investigations.
Background: While excessive oral intake of clozapine is known to cause severe complications, this case report highlights that even conventional doses of clozapine ingested after alcohol consumption-without reaching toxic concentrations-can lead to the rare complication of rhabdomyolysis when synergistic effects occur between the two substances. Case presentation: We report a case of a 39-year-old male patient who presented with impaired consciousness 1 day after consuming 500 g liquor followed by ingestion of 8 clozapine tablets (200 mg total). Toxicology screening upon admission indicated subtoxic levels of clozapine. Laboratory findings confirmed rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, and myocardial damage. During hospitalization, the patient underwent hemopurification and fluid resuscitation. His consciousness improved significantly, accompanied by marked improvement in creatine kinase (CK) levels, renal function, and cardiac enzymes. At 15-day follow-up, renal function, CK levels, and cardiac enzymes had returned to within normal limits. Conclusion: In patients consuming clozapine after alcohol intake, dynamic monitoring of CK and myoglobin should be implemented regardless of whether toxicology results are within normal limits. Early implementation of blood purification can effectively disrupt the rhabdomyolysis-renal injury cascade, thereby securing a critical therapeutic window for clinical intervention.
Background: Malocclusion is defined as irregularity of teeth and it is one of the worldwide dental health priorities.The etiology of malocclusion is multifactorial.Although there are numerous types of research in relevance, still there is a paucity of the research on association of ABO blood groups with malocclusion severity in the population of Namakkal district, India. Aim and Objective:The study aims to find out whether there is any association between the ABO blood group and malocclusion severity among the population of Namakkal district using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Materials and Methods:The study was performed among 400 patients who reported to the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, with the age group of 15 to 28 years.Subjects were equally divided among their respective blood groups.Descriptive analysis was performed using SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0.Armonk, NY: IBM Corp).ANOVA was done to find out the association between malocclusion severity and ABO blood groups.Results: The association showed statistical significance (A>O>B>AB) among the blood groups.Conclusions: Prompt diagnosis, early intervention, and treatment planning would aid in the reversal of malocclusion.Periodic dental attendance during the developmental stages will help in achieving this.
Understanding commonsense causality is a unique mark of intelligence for humans.It helps people understand the principles of the real world better and benefits the decisionmaking process related to causation.For instance, commonsense causality is crucial in judging whether a defendant's action causes the plaintiff's loss in determining legal liability.Despite its significance, a systematic exploration of this topic is notably lacking.Our comprehensive survey bridges this gap by focusing on taxonomies, benchmarks, acquisition methods, qualitative reasoning, and quantitative measurements in commonsense causality, synthesizing insights from over 200 representative articles.Our work aims to provide a systematic overview, update scholars on recent advancements, provide a pragmatic guide for beginners, and highlight promising future research directions in this vital field.A summary of the related literature is available at https://github. com/cui-shaobo/causality-papers .
O Traumatismo Cranioencefálico (TCE) continua a representar uma das principais questões médicas e de saúde pública em todo o mundo, sendo responsável por um considerável ônus global de morbidade e mortalidade. Objetivo: analisar sobre o diagnóstico, tratamento e fatores prognósticos do TCE. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, utilizando artigos presentes nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, Scopus e SciELO Foram incluídos artigos originais e revisões sistemáticas em inglês e português publicadas entre 2010 e 2024, que abordassem sobre fatores de risco e prevenção da pré-eclâmpsia. Após a análise, foram selecionados 24 artigos para a confecção dessa revisão bibliográfica. Resultados e Discussão: A classificação de lesões cerebrais mais utilizada e aceita baseia-se no grau de alerta após o trauma, que é classificado de acordo com a escala de coma de Glasgow. O ambiente pré-hospitalar exerce grande influência no sucesso ou no agravo da condição de saúde do paciente vítima de TCE, tendo sido alvo de amplos estudos para se chegar ao melhor protocolo que minimize ao máximo os riscos de piora e ate óbito. No contexto do TCE, a reabilitação personalizada surge como uma abordagem integral e adaptativa para otimizar a recuperação dos pacientes. Conclusão: A análise dos fatores prognósticos determinantes destaca a importância da avaliação inicial da gravidade da lesão, idade do paciente, tempo até a intervenção, comorbidades, suporte social e adesão ao tratamento.
Humanity is currently facing several global problems, such as global warming, air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, desertification and land degradation, which are connected to the consequences of negative human activity. One of the possible and effective institutional tools for environmental protection is the environmental education of the general population. It is a relatively well-known and used environmental protection policy tool that governments of all developed countries have in their instrument mix. This qualitative analysis assigned itself the task of investigating whether the ability of environmental education can be affected by certain neuropsychological diseases in addition to thinking about the psychology of environmental education at large. In order to fulfill this main task, the authors asked themselves the following research questions: 1st - Is pedagogical psychology identical and also applicable in the case of environmental education? And 2nd - What effect do some neuropsychological disorders have on the ability of environmental education? Based on the study, analysis, selection and comparison of current professional scientific works obtained from the research activities of current researches on this topic, it is possible to accept the premise that the psychology of environmental education is basically the same as the general psychology of education and that neuropsychological diseases do indeed affect the ability of environmental education similarly to scholarly education.
Recently, many methods and algorithms have been developed that can be quickly adapted to different situations within a population of interest, especially in the health sector. Success has been achieved by generating better models and higher-quality results to facilitate decision making, as well as to propose new diagnostic procedures and treatments adapted to each patient. These models can also improve people’s quality of life, dissuade bad health habits, reinforce good habits, and modify the pre-existing ones. In this sense, the objective of this study was to apply supervised and unsupervised classification techniques, where the clustering algorithm was the key factor for grouping. This led to the development of three optimal groups of clinical pattern based on their characteristics. The supervised classification methods used in this study were Correspondence (CA) and Decision Trees (DT), which served as visual aids to identify the possible groups. At the same time, they were used as exploratory mechanisms to confirm the results for the existing information, which enhanced the value of the final results. In conclusion, this multi-technique approach was found to be a feasible method that can be used in different situations when there are sufficient data. It was thus necessary to reduce the dimensional space, provide missing values for high-quality information, and apply classification models to search for patterns in the clinical profiles, with a view to grouping the patients efficiently and accurately so that the clinical results can be applied in other research studies.
El análisis de las características micros- cópicas del cabello humano es un método de identifica- ción forense antiguo. Para que tenga validez, debe de es- tar respaldado por un estudio de las frecuencias con las que se manifiestan estas características y de su análisis estadístico. En México no existen estudios de este tipo. Se estudiaron los pelos de la cabeza de un grupo estadística- mente representativo de la población militar mexicana, de acuerdo a la tabla de Strauss modificada, determinán- dose las frecuencias y la probabilidad de coincidencia al azar en esta población.
Background: Dermatoglyphics is the study of epidermal ridges and their configurations on the skin of the palms and soles of the foot. The patterns can be grouped into loops, whorls, and arches each of them having a unique characteristic that appears to be influenced by genetic factors. Diabetes Mellitus is a common metabolic disorder caused by reduced insulin secretion. Type 2 diabetes results from genetic disorders involving multiple genes that control insulin secretion and action. This study aimed to assess the variations in fingerprint patterns among adults with Type II diabetes mellitus which could be used as an early, easy, cheap and painless method of screening diabetes.
 Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study design was used where 150 diabetic patients were compared with 150 non-diabetics as controls all selected from Kakamega County Teaching Referral Hospital, Western Kenya. Socio- demographic data and family history were recorded, thereafter fingerprints were taken using the Indian ink method. The chi-square test was used to check for a significant association between the pattern variations in diabetics and the control group.
 Results: The study involved 300 respondents where 33.33% were aged above 60 years with females being the majority at 60.67 % while among diabetics 68 % had a family history of diabetes. Whorl (p=0.0003) and ulna loops (p=0.002) patterns were decreased among male diabetics when compared to male non-diabetics while in female diabetics, whorl patterns were increased (p=0.02929) when compared to female non- diabetics. There was an association between whorl patterns and family history among diabetics (p=0.049). Ulna loops were significantly low (p=0.004) while whorls were significantly high (p=0.016) among diabetics when compared to non-diabetics.
 Conclusion: This study showed that dermatoglyphic patterns could be used as a feature for early screening of type II diabetes.
The aim of the study was to identify somatotypological features of linear parameters and bilateral dimorphism of the auricles in 18–20-year-old girls. Material and methods . The study included 140 girls aged 18–20 permanently living on the territory of the Luhansk People's Republic. They were exposed to somatotyping and cephalotyping. During auriculometry, 20 linear dimensions of each auricle were measured. The results obtained were processed using ANOVA and MANOVA and correlation analyses. The index of bilateral dimorphism of auriculometry parameters was determined. Differences in mean values were considered statistically significant at p<0,05. Results . As revealed, the auriculometric parameters of the left auricle exceeded those of the auricle of the contralateral side. Average value of the physiognomic length of the left auricle (n=140) was 61,40 mm, that was 3,55% (p<0,001) bigger than the corresponding parameter of the right auricle. In addition, the maximum index value of bilateral dimorphism (0,069) was registered during the analysis of the height of the tragus. In girls with normosthenic body type (n=69), the morphological width of the left auricle and its height also significantly exceeded the corresponding values of the auricle of the opposite side by 4,12% (p=0,017) and 5,56% (p<0,001), respectively. Variance analysis of the results obtained indicates that the somatotype of women, largely than the cephalotype, affects the variability of the auriculometric parameters. Correlation analysis of the findings allowed identifying predominantly statistically significant positive correlations of varying degrees between the studied parameters. The closest correlation (r>0,90) was determined between the physiognomic length and the length of the cartilaginous part, and between the physiognomic length and height of both the right and left auricles. Conclusion . The data obtained relating the constitutional features of the auricular structure in girls aged 18–20 are of practical significance to study the external ear intravitally, and to optimise surgical options for the auricle shape correction.
Objective: To establish a correlation of the severity of LUTS in men with diabetes mellitus; Material and Methods: Cross-sectional and analytical study in a family medicine unit in CDMX during 2022 in 338 subjects, the severity of LUTS was evaluated using the Gea® Visual Analog Scale, the analysis was by descriptive and inferential statistics using Rho correlation. Spearman's test, taking p < 0.05 for statistical significance. Results: A difference was found between the severity of nocturia with DM, with a higher frequency of nocturia in DM; finding low correlations in some LUTS symptoms with age, smoking and BPH; quality of life with low to moderate negative correlations with all LUTS. Study limitations: Similar to previous research, lack of temporality. Originality: Few investigations show that LUTS are not directly related to DM. Conclusions: The correlations between diabetes and lower urinary tract symptoms were poor and mostly not significant, although there is literature mentioning this association, it is not enough to deduce that diabetes corresponds to a determining factor in the severity of LUTS. Keywords: Lower urinary tract symptoms, Diabetes Mellitus, Data correlation.
Thai Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var pruriens (T-MP) seed containing levodopa (L-DOPA) and antioxidant capacity has been shown to improve sexual behavior and male reproductive parameters in rats treated with ethanol (Eth). However, its protective effect on testicular apoptotic germ cells has never been reported. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of T-MP seed extract on expressions of caspase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) proteins in Eth rats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (9 animals/group), including control, Eth, T-MP150+Eth, and T-MP300+Eth, respectively. Control rats received distilled water, and Eth rats received Eth (3g/kg BW; 40%v/v). The T-MP groups were treated with T-MP seed extract at a dose of 150 or 300 mg/kg before Eth administration for 56 consecutive days. The results showed that the seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelial height were significantly increased in both T-MP treated groups compared to the Eth group. Additionally, the caspase-9 and -3, and PCNA expressions were decreased, but D2R expression was markedly increased in T-MP groups. It was concluded that T-MP seed extract could protect testicular apoptosis induced by Eth via changes in caspase, PCNA, and D2R protein expressions.
Fentanyl and its derivatives have been mainstays for the treatment of pain for many years. To accurately detect them in medical applications and customs, a rapid, sensitive, and selective method is urgently needed. In this study, we established a point-of-care-testing (POCT) differential Raman approach for the detection of fentanyl substances in liquid and solid conditions. The silver nanoparticle was prepared and characterized as SERS substrate, which can adsorb fentanyl-related molecules on the rough surface to enhance the Raman signal. Subsequently, 27 kinds of fentanyl-related substances were detected to determine that the POCT spectral resolution is better than 6 cm−1, Raman detection range is 100–3200 cm−1, and the detection limit of the fentanyl-related substances at 1002 cm−1 is 0.1–25 ppb. Furthermore, the Raman characteristic peaks of fentanyl were checked through comparison between theoretical calculations and experiments to obtain a database for rapid on-site inspection. Thus, the fast, accurate, stable POCT approach can be widely applied to monitor drugs and toxins due to its sensitivity, specificity, and abundance database.
Проведено палеодемографическое исследование некрополя XIV – начала XV вв. на территории объекта археологического наследия «Поселение Псебепс-3» в Крымском районе Краснодарского края в 2016 г. Общее количество индивидов – 381. Группа весьма представительна, при этом кладбище формировалось немногим более века. Процентное соотношение взрослых мужчин и женщин составило 65,46% и 34,54%. Столь малое количество женщин по сравнению с мужчинами можно было бы объяснить тем, что вероятно женщины чаще умирали в детском возрасте. Средняя продолжительность жизни в группе оказалась равной 25,7 лет. Средняя продолжительность жизни взрослых женщин оказалась примерно на 5 лет меньше, чем у мужчин, что связано с высокой смертностью женщин в возрасте до 25 лет. Финальная возрастная когорта всей группы, так же, как и только женщин, не представительна. Высок процент индивидов в возрастной когорте 50+ лет у мужчин – 12,3%. Процент детской смертности – средний и составляет 31,23%. При этом почти половина детей умерли в первые пять лет жизни, а пятая часть детей умерли в возрасте до 1 года. The “Psebeps–3” necropolis is located at the archaeological heritage site "Settlement Psebeps-3" in the Krymsky district of the Krasnodar Krai and dates back to the XIV – early XV centuries. A paleodemographic study of the necropolis was conducted in 2016. The studied sample is very representative (a total of 381 individuals), although the cemetery functioned for a short period of time – a little more than a century. The ratio of adult males and females was 65.46% and 34.54%. Such a small number of females compared to males could be explained by the frequency of early deaths among women. The average life expectancy in the group was 25.7 years. The average life expectancy of adult women was found to be about 5 years less than that of men, which is associated with a high mortality rate for women under the age of 25. The final age cohort of the whole group, as well as only women, is very small in number. The percentage of individuals in the age cohort of 50+ years among men is high – 12.3%. The child mortality in the group is average and amounts to 31.23%. Almost half of the children died in the first 5 years of life, and a fifth of the children died under the age of 1 year.
В результате археологических исследований была получена крупная серия антропологического материала, позволившая подробно охарактеризовать особенности населения русской Астрахани XVI–XX вв. Проведен палеодемографический анализ с использованием материалов из некрополя XVI–XIX вв. из Благовещенского монастыря Астрахани. Была использована методика J.Angel. Общее число индивидов составило 350 человек. 270 скелетов принадлежали взрослым людям, 80 – детям. Для данной группы были характерны довольно высокая средняя продолжительность жизни (29,3 лет), низкий процент детской смертности (22,9%), в том числе и в первый год жизни. Первый пик смертности приходился на возрастную когорту 0–5 лет, второй – на возрастную когорту 30–35 лет. В целом можно констатировать феномен относительного демографического благополучия в исследуемой группе.