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This book is an attempt to explain the temporal movement of postwar Italian strikes: why and when strikes go up or down and what the strategies of the main actors involved are. In many ways, the book is unique in the social sciences. First, it takes an inductive approach. Rather than start with theories and then use available empirical evidence to test the explanatory power of the theories, the book starts with date. Second, the book is based on a variety of empirical evidence: statistical, historical, ethnographic and survey material. Third, the book considers the strategies of all the actors involved: workers, employers, the state and the radical left. Finally, the book does not simply explain the movement of strikes; more broadly, it attempts to show how strikes, in their turn, deeply affect the economic, institutional and political spheres of society.
Abstract “Getting tough on crime” has been one of the favorite rallying cries of American politicians in the last two decades, and “getting tough” on repeat offenders has been particularly popular. “Three strikes and you're out” laws, which effectively impose a twenty-five-years-to-life sentence at the moment of a third felony conviction, have been passed in twenty-six states. California's version of the “three strikes” law, enacted in 1994, was broader and more severe than measures considered or passed in any other state. This book provides an examination of the actual impact this law has had. This book looks at the origins of the law in California, compares it to other crackdown laws, and analyzes the data collected on crime rates in Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Francisco in the year before and the two years after the law went into effect. Chapters show that the “three strikes” law was a significant development in criminal justice policy making, not only at the state level, but also at the national level. It concludes with an examination of the trend toward populist initiatives driving penal policy.
Research Article| May 01 1992 The Empire Strikes Back: A Posttranssexual Manifesto Sandy Stone Sandy Stone Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Camera Obscura (1992) 10 (2 (29)): 150–176. https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-10-2_29-150 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Sandy Stone; The Empire Strikes Back: A Posttranssexual Manifesto. Camera Obscura 1 May 1992; 10 (2 (29)): 150–176. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-10-2_29-150 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsCamera Obscura Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 1992 by Indiana University Press1992 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
This study examines why the public supports the punishment of rule breakers. It does so within the context of a recently enacted California initiative mandating life in prison for repeat felons (the “three strikes” law). Antecedents of three aspects of people's reactions to rule breakers are explored: (1) support for the three strikes initiative, (2) support for punitiveness in dealing with rule breakers, and (3) willingness to abandon procedural protections when dealing with potential rule breakers. The results of interviews with members of the public suggest that the widely held view that public punitiveness develops primarily from concerns about crime and the courts and is primarily linked to public views about risk and dangerousness is incorrect. While these factors do influence public feelings, they are not the central reasons underlying public punitiveness. Instead, the source of people's concerns lies primarily in their evaluations of social conditions, including the decline in morality and discipline within the family and increases in the diversity of society. These concerns are about issues of moral cohesion—with people feeling that the quality and extent of social bonds and social consensus has deteriorated in American society.
This chapter presents a precious little evidence concerning the day-to-day dynamics of individual strikes and the week-to-week waxing of conflict within particular workplaces. The evidence has taken the form of general correspondences between unionization and strike activity, demonstrations that strike waves tend to draw disproportionately from those industries which already have high propensities to strike in ordinary years. The study of the geographical dimension of conflict indicates rather the strategic role of the central place and of exposure to diversity in eliciting militant organization. The French cities with the highest intensities of conflict and the most efficient mobilization of participants were places where a riot of experiences and of possibilities for association crowded in upon the working man. The chapter offers some evidence of an impact of the scale of industry and the extent of unionization on the kinds of strikes that occurred in a department.
Lightning plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry and in the initiation of wildfires, but the impact of global warming on lightning rates is poorly constrained. Here we propose that the lightning flash rate is proportional to the convective available potential energy (CAPE) times the precipitation rate. Using observations, the product of CAPE and precipitation explains 77% of the variance in the time series of total cloud-to-ground lightning flashes over the contiguous United States (CONUS). Storms convert CAPE times precipitated water mass to discharged lightning energy with an efficiency of 1%. When this proxy is applied to 11 climate models, CONUS lightning strikes are predicted to increase 12 ± 5% per degree Celsius of global warming and about 50% over this century.
ABSTRACT The media are increasingly recognized as key players in financial markets. I investigate their causal impact on trading and price formation by examining national newspaper strikes in several countries. Trading volume falls 12% on strike days. The dispersion of stock returns and their intraday volatility are reduced by 7%, while aggregate returns are unaffected. Moreover, analysis of return predictability indicates that newspapers propagate news from the previous day. These findings demonstrate that the media contribute to the efficiency of the stock market by improving the dissemination of information among investors and its incorporation into stock prices.
The author's thesis is that there is sufficient research evidence to make any reasonable person skeptical about the benefits of discovery learning--practiced under the guise of cognitive constructivism or social constructivism--as a preferred instructional method. The author reviews research on discovery of problem-solving rules culminating in the 1960s, discovery of conservation strategies culminating in the 1970s, and discovery of LOGO programming strategies culminating in the 1980s. In each case, guided discovery was more effective than pure discovery in helping students learn and transfer. Overall, the constructivist view of learning may be best supported by methods of instruction that involve cognitive activity rather than behavioral activity, instructional guidance rather than pure discovery, and curricular focus rather than unstructured exploration.
Journal Article Mangroves, Hurricanes, and Lightning Strikes: Assessment of Hurricane Andrew suggests an interaction across two differing scales of disturbance Get access Thomas J. Smith, III, Thomas J. Smith, III Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Michael B. Robblee, Michael B. Robblee Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Harold R. Wanless, Harold R. Wanless Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Thomas W. Doyle Thomas W. Doyle Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 44, Issue 4, April 1994, Pages 256–262, https://doi.org/10.2307/1312230 Published: 01 April 1994
column Share on Skew strikes back: new developments in the theory of join algorithms Authors: Hung Q Ngo University at Buffalo, SUNY University at Buffalo, SUNYView Profile , Christopher Ré Stanford University Stanford UniversityView Profile , Atri Rudra University at Buffalo, SUNY University at Buffalo, SUNYView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGMOD RecordVolume 42Issue 4December 2013 pp 5–16https://doi.org/10.1145/2590989.2590991Online:28 February 2014Publication History 115citation817DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations115Total Downloads817Last 12 Months130Last 6 weeks16 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
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We characterize and measure a long-term risk-return trade-off for the valuation of cash flows exposed to fluctuations in macroeconomic growth. This trade-off features risk prices of cash flows that are realized far into the future but continue to be reflected in asset values. We apply this analysis to claims on aggregate cash flows and to cash flows from value and growth portfolios by imputing values to the long-run dynamic responses of cash flows to macroeconomic shocks. We explore the sensitivity of our results to features of the economic valuation model and of the model cash flow dynamics. (c) 2008 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.
There are large racial disparities in school discipline in the United States, which, for Black students, not only contribute to school failure but also can lay a path toward incarceration. Although the disparities have been well documented, the psychological mechanisms underlying them are unclear. In two experiments, we tested the hypothesis that such disparities are, in part, driven by racial stereotypes that can lead teachers to escalate their negative responses to Black students over the course of multiple interpersonal (e.g., teacher-to-student) encounters. More generally, we argue that race not only can influence how perceivers interpret a specific behavior, but also can enhance perceivers' detection of behavioral patterns across time. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and practical benefits of employing this novel approach to stereotyping across a range of real-world settings.
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A fundamental facility location problem is to choose the location of facilities, such as industrial plants and warehouses, to minimize the cost of satisfying the demand for some commodity. There are associated costs for locating the facilities, as well as transportation costs for distributing the commodities. This problem is commonly referred to as the uncapacitated facility location problem. Applications to bank account location and clustering, as well as many related pieces of work, are discussed by Cornuejols, Nemhauser and Wolsey [2]. Recently, the first constant factor approximation algorithm for this problem was obtained by Shmoys, Tardos and Aardal [14]. We show that a simple greedy heuristic combined with the Shmoys, Tardos and Aardal algorithm [14], can be used to derive a better approximation guarantee. We discuss a few variants of the problem, demonstrating better approximation factors for restricted versions of the problem. We also show that the problem is Max SNP-hard. How...
Researchers have shown that people often miss the occurrence of an unexpected yet salient event if they are engaged in a different task, a phenomenon known as inattentional blindness. However, demonstrations of inattentional blindness have typically involved naive observers engaged in an unfamiliar task. What about expert searchers who have spent years honing their ability to detect small abnormalities in specific types of images? We asked 24 radiologists to perform a familiar lung-nodule detection task. A gorilla, 48 times the size of the average nodule, was inserted in the last case that was presented. Eighty-three percent of the radiologists did not see the gorilla. Eye tracking revealed that the majority of those who missed the gorilla looked directly at its location. Thus, even expert searchers, operating in their domain of expertise, are vulnerable to inattentional blindness.
Public transit accounts for 1 percent of US passenger miles traveled but attracts strong public support. Using a simple choice model, we predict that transit riders are likely to be individuals who commute along routes with severe roadway delays. These individuals' choices thus have high marginal impacts on congestion. We test this prediction with data from a strike in 2003 by Los Angeles transit workers. Estimating a regression discontinuity design, we find that average highway delay increases 47 percent when transit service ceases. We find that the net benefits of transit systems appear to be much larger than previously believed. (JEL H76, J52, L92, R41)
This paper addresses the lightning attractive radius concept and procedures for estimating the number of lightning flashes to power lines. Empirical data - drawn from extensive observations of lightning incidence upon various practical structures (including lines) - are related to a simple analytical model of the striking process, and a generalised expression for estimating strike incidence is presented. Comparison of the new expression with current practice, suggests that the latter may lead to underestimations of more than 50% in the height range 10 - 30 m, and additionally, that expected strike incidence to taller structures could be overestimated by 30% or more.