Epileptic seizure detection from electroencephalography (EEG) signals is a challenging task due to the nonlinear, nonstationary, and uncertain nature of neural activity. This paper proposes a novel tri-domain epileptic seizure classification framework based on an ensemble of Interval Type-2 Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (IT2FIS) with fuzzy rules optimized using the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO). The method integrates complementary EEG features extracted from the time, frequency, and time-frequency domains to provide a comprehensive representation of seizure-related dynamics. GWO is employed to initialize and optimize the antecedent and consequent parameters of the fuzzy rules, followed by a reconstruction-aided gradient-based fine-tuning process that enhances the discriminative capability of the IT2FIS architecture. An ensemble mechanism combines the outputs of three independently trained IT2FIS classifiers to improve robustness against signal variability. The framework is evaluated using 8 fuzzy rules per domain and a GWO population of 30 wolves, under both a stratified 5-fold cross-validation protocol for tuning and an unseen hold-out test set for final assessment. Experiments on the Bonn EEG dataset demonstrate strong performance, with the three-class classification (healthy, interictal, seizure) achieving 98.68% accuracy across individual feature domains and the multi-domain ensemble reaching near-perfect classification. Specifically, the multi-domain framework achieves near-perfect (98.68-100.00%) performance across three-class and all binary clinical splits, including 100% on the challenging E-CD scenario. Across all configurations, the framework achieves macro-F1 scores above 96%. The overall results show that the proposed hybrid fuzzy-optimization framework provides a highly accurate and robust solution for automated seizure detection with strong potential for clinical deployment.
Nail unit melanoma (NUM) is a rare but potentially fatal malignancy often misdiagnosed as melanonychia. Because biopsy may cause permanent nail dystrophy, accurate noninvasive diagnosis is essential. This study aimed to develop and validate an artificial intelligence model to distinguish NUM from benign melanonychia using clinical images and to assess its diagnostic utility through human comparison and external validation. Clinical images from 172 patients with melanonychia and 122 patients with NUM were retrospectively collected. Pediatric melanonychia was excluded to minimize diagnostic ambiguity. Three convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were trained and validated with patient-wise splits. Human validation involved 40 representative images assessed by dermatologists, residents, and non-medical participants, with and without CNN assistance. ResNet-50 achieved the highest sensitivity (87.2 %). DenseNet-121 achieved the highest AUROC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) (0.954). CNN assistance improved the diagnostic accuracy of all human raters (accuracy increased from 70.0 % to 80.8 %), with dermatology residents showing the largest gain. The proposed CNN-based models demonstrated robust performance in differentiating NUM from melanonychia and improved diagnostic accuracy and agreement among human evaluators. While not intended to replace clinical judgment, this approach shows promise as a supportive screening tool in clinical settings, warranting further validation in larger, multi-institutional, and multi-ethnic cohorts.
Canopy water content (CWC) is an important indicator of crop water status **and** supports precision irrigation decision-making. Plot-level CWC estimation using UAV imagery often relies on canopy mean features, whereas the role of within-plot canopy-signal distributional information remains insufficiently examined. In this study, spring maize at the Shiyanghe site was monitored using UAV-based multispectral and thermal infrared imagery. Mean, percentile, and dispersion features were extracted from effective canopy pixels within each plot. RFECV feature selection, 50 repeated random train-test splits, paired statistical tests, simulated spatial aggregation, and four regression models were used to evaluate the stage- and scale-dependent contribution of these features. Water stress affected both overall spectral-thermal responses and within-plot signal distributions. Before tasseling, percentile and dispersion features were frequently selected and provided complementary information, especially for tree-based models and finer aggregation scales. After tasseling, mean features generally showed more stable performance, although some distributional features still contained CWC-related information. The supplementary Xinxiang site-internal analysis suggested that, under weak water-gradient and small-sample conditions, distributional features may be frequently selected but may not consistently improve prediction accuracy. Overall, the contribution of distributional features was growth-stage-, scale-, and model-dependent.
Direct head-to-head randomized comparisons among emerging therapies are limited, making it difficult to determine the optimal subsequent-line treatment for advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study aimed to systematically compare the relative efficacy of second- and later-line regimens using a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA). PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched to 30 September 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of second-/later-line advanced TNBC. A Bayesian NMA estimated effects on objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). SUCRA was used for ranking, and model convergence was assessed by Gelman-Rubin diagnostics. Single-arm studies were included only in sensitivity analyses using a down-weighted binomial model for ORR. Additional sensitivity analyses included ChemoC node splitting and evidence certainty assessment (CINeMA). Thirty-one RCTs and 34 single-arm studies (11,048 patients; 22 regimens) were included. Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC)-based therapies showed the most favorable efficacy overall. Sacituzumab govitecan (SG), sacituzumab tirumotecan (ST), and trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) ranked highest for ORR and PFS, with consistent benefits for SG and ST versus chemotherapy. T-DXd showed benefit mainly in HER2-low, HR-negative patients. For OS, SG and ST demonstrated clear advantages, while T-DXd showed non-significant effects. Combination chemotherapy outperformed single-agent chemotherapy for ORR and PFS. PARP inhibitors and PD-1-based regimens showed inconsistent efficacy across outcomes. Sensitivity analyses confirmed that incorporating single-arm data and separating chemotherapy nodes did not materially change treatment rankings or overall conclusions. ADCs, particularly SG and ST, were generally associated with favorable efficacy across outcomes in the subsequent-line treatment of advanced TNBC. These results may support clinical decision-making, although heterogeneity in study populations and the absence of direct comparisons highlight the need for further head-to-head trials.
Arthroscopic Latarjet is technically challenging with a steep learning curve. Several limitations include the risk of malposition of the coracoid bone block, the risk of screw fixation, such as hardware failure and irritation, and the risk of neurological injury. Initial descriptions of the technique also describe several anterior portals, especially for the subscapularis split. The learning curve is steep, and it is associated with increased risks of complications when compared to the open Latarjet procedure. This technique involves a simplified 3 anterior portal technique, with the portals lateral to the coracoid process and conjoint tendon, reducing the risk of iatrogenic neurovascular injury. Tunnels are created in the glenoid and coracoid process using specific glenoid and coracoid drill guides. This improves coracoid positioning while reducing the risk of neurovascular injury. The coracoid process is also prepared extra-articularly after osteotomy for better visualization, control and efficiency. This simplified arthroscopic Latarjet technique is safe and reproducible in the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocations.
BackgroundAccurate triage of trauma patients by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is essential for optimal outcomes and resource allocation. The 2021 National Field Triage Guidelines (FTG) assist EMS in prehospital triage; however, its collective performance has never been evaluated using a national database. We aimed to evaluate an FTG surrogate and develop a predictive model to identify patients at risk for serious injury.MethodsThe Trauma Quality Improvement Program National Trauma Databank (2017-2020) was queried for traumatically injured adults transported via ambulance. Serious injury was defined as ISS ≥16, blood transfusion, angiography with intervention, hemorrhage control surgery, intubation, intracranial pressure monitoring, admission to intensive care, or death. Feature engineering created variables for each FTG criterion. An XGBoost model using prehospital vitals, demographics, and triage criteria was developed with 60/20/20 train/validate/test split. SHapley Additive exPlanations identified feature importances.Results1 267 039 patients were included; 414 146 (32.7%) had serious injury with a mortality rate of 8.5%. Seriously injured patients were younger and more often male (P < .001). The FTG surrogate achieved 62.9% sensitivity, 58.9% specificity, and AUC 0.609. XGBoost demonstrated superior performance with sensitivity 64.4%, specificity 67.6%, AUC 0.722, while reducing both under-triage (35.6 vs 37.1%) and over-triage rates (32.4 vs 41.1%), P < .001. GCS Verbal, sex, prehospital blood pressure, pulse oximetry, and GCS Motor were most influential features.ConclusionsMachine learning outperformed a database-derived FTG surrogate on a national trauma database, reducing both under and over-triage rates. The model's reliance on routinely collected prehospital data supports its potential for EMS use, pending prospective validation.
Ex-vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has expanded donor lung utilization, with over 1000 cases performed at our center since 2008. A next-generation Toronto EVLP system (TorEx EVLP) was introduced in December 2022, enabling simplified circuit setup by loading an organ chamber into an all‑in‑one device, potentially facilitating EVLP use at less experienced centers. This study reports the initial experience with TorEx EVLP and compares outcomes with (1) first‑generation EVLP and (2) conventional lung transplantation without EVLP. In this single-center retrospective cohort study, 1067 EVLP procedures were performed from September 2008 to September 2024 (first-generation EVLP [G1], n=874; TorEx EVLP [G2], n=193). Post-transplant short- and long-term outcomes were compared among G1, G2, and contemporaneous direct transplants without EVLP (direct, n=1575). Of 1067 EVLP cases, 684 were accepted for transplant (utilization: G1 64.4%, G2 62.7%), and 700 transplants were performed (including 16 split singles). G1 and G2 had significantly higher DCD donor use (direct vs G1 vs G2: 17% vs 48% vs 60%, p<0.001) and lower donor P/F ratios (422 vs 368 vs 368 mmHg, p<0.001). Recipients in G1 and G2 were older than direct recipients (59 vs 61 vs 65 years, p<0.05). Post‑transplant outcomes were similar across groups, including PGD3 at 72 h (15% vs 16% vs 10%, p=0.21), extubation within 72 h (65% vs 64% vs 68%, p=0.67), overall survival, and CLAD‑free survival. Despite higher-risk donor use, outcomes with both first- and next-generation Toronto EVLP systems were comparable to direct transplantation.
Prime editing, a novel clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based technology, fuses a reverse transcriptase (RT) to an engineered CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) and uses a prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA)-encoded template. It enables precise base substitutions, small insertions, and deletions without introducing double-strand breaks, thereby expanding the range of correctable mutations while reducing undesired repair outcomes. This technology offers a promising strategy for genomic correction in the nervous system. Here, we review the development of prime editing, its mechanistic rationale, and emerging preclinical evidence that supports its application in neuropsychiatric disorders. We discuss key biological and technological barriers, including limited editing efficiency in post-mitotic neurons, complex pegRNA design, reverse transcription-related errors, vector payload limitations, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. Nevertheless, in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated proof-of-concept correction and functional rescue in several monogenic neurodevelopmental disorders. Advances such as split-adeno-associated virus (AAV) systems, lipid nanoparticles, engineered peptides, and compact Cas variants are actively expanding their therapeutic potential. Further clinical translation will rely on improved editors with guide engineering, BBB-penetrant and neuron-targeted delivery platforms, transient or cell-type-specific expression strategies, and comprehensive genome-wide safety evaluations.
Identification of the adsorption geometry of molecular CO2 on solid surfaces is essential for the rational design of effective adsorbents and catalysts for CO2 capture and utilization, yet remains a persistent experimental challenge. In this work, we show that mixed-oxygen CO2 isotopologues containing 16O and 18O, optionally combined with 13C substitution, provide a direct infrared spectroscopic criterion for determining the adsorption geometry of molecular, near-linear CO2 at low coverage. The approach exploits isotopic linkage isomerism (ILI) of the intrinsically asymmetric 16OC18O isotopologue. End-on (η1-O) adsorption necessarily generates two linkage isomers (coordination through either 18O or 16O) producing two ν3 bands of equal intensity. The magnitude of the splitting correlates with adsorption strength. In contrast, bridged (μ-O,O') adsorption involving two equivalent bonds suppresses ILI and yields a single ν3 band. The general applicability of this diagnostic criterion is demonstrated for CO2 adsorbed on alkali- and alkaline-earth-exchanged zeolites, Brønsted- and Lewis-acidic zeolites, metal-organic frameworks containing open metal sites or hydroxyl groups, and nonporous metal oxides. Pure end-on adsorption is observed on LiX and CaX, on acid sites in H-ZSM-5, on μ3-OH groups in UiO-66, and on TiO2, whereas Na-LTA and MIL-53 exhibit predominantly bridged adsorption. Mixed adsorption regimes are identified in NaX, NaY, and Ni-MOF-74. Isotopic shift factors between different CO2 isotopologues further aid band assignment in complex spectra. This experimentally simple approach provides a robust and broadly applicable spectroscopic tool for resolving CO2 binding geometries across a wide range of materials.
Capitellar osteochondritis dissecans is most frequently encountered in overhead and tumbling adolescent athletes. Traditional management with abrasion chondroplasty or microfracture results in fibrocartilage formation and variable return to sport rates, whereas osteochondral autograft transfer system or osteochondral allograft transplantation may incur unnecessary morbidity for small, shallow lesions. This article therefore describes the application of a biologic scaffold composed of extracellular matrix combined with bone marrow aspirate concentrate to unstable, shallow (<6-7 mm), but contained capitellar osteochondritis dissecans lesions through an anconeus-splitting arthrotomy. This technique provides excellent exposure of the capitellum and offers the potential for biologically favorable hyaline-like cartilage regeneration. With promising early clinical results, this approach is more easily implemented even for those without extensive elbow arthroscopy experience and represents a favorable middle-ground between microfracture and osteochondral autograft transfer system/ osteochondral allograft for adolescent athletes with capitellar osteochondritis dissecans lesions.
Achieving precise and robust cell-surface recognition in complex biological environments is challenging due to inherent trade-offs in affinity, specificity, and off-target binding. Herein, we present a programmable molecular device that integrates Boolean logic computation with spatial confinement to overcome these limitations. Our system employs valence-controllable, split DNAzyme modules assembled on a tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN). The peroxidase-mimicking activity is stringently gated by a cell-surface AND logic, requiring the co-localization of two adjacent modules on target protein clusters for activation. This spatial constraint effectively eliminates stochastic or unintended signal leakage originating from solution-phase reactions or nontarget cells. Upon activation, the DNAzyme catalyzes the biotinylation of neighboring membrane protein clusters, generating stable multivalent adhesion sites. Quantitative dissociation kinetics reveal that the trivalent design of the DNAzyme modules promotes highly cooperative binding, resulting in uniform, long-lived complexes on target cells. We demonstrate that this approach enables specific recognition and highly efficient isolation of target cells from mixed cell populations and clinical samples, showcasing a strategy for programming high-fidelity molecular interactions on interested cell surfaces.
We present an isothermal global Buckley-Leverett framework for multicomponent, multiphase flow in porous and fractured media that retains the interpretability of classical Buckley-Leverett while incorporating essential physics: equation-of-state-based phase behavior, multicomponent Maxwell-Stefan diffusion, dynamic capillarity, stress-sensitive permeability, and non-Darcy fracture flow. The formulation yields a single global-pressure equation driving the total Darcy flux and an exact fractional-flow decomposition of phase velocities with buoyancy and capillary drifts; inertial effects enter as per-phase damping that renormalizes mobilities. Crucially, the combination of Maxwell-Stefan diffusion and dynamic capillarity renders transport pseudoparabolic, resolving the loss of strict hyperbolicity that plagues three-phase Buckley-Leverett and ensuring a well-posed initial-value problem. In practice, each time step solves the scalar global-pressure equation, reconstructs phase fluxes via the split, and advances strictly conservative component balances; axisymmetric (cylindrical) forms for radial injection with vertical buoyancy are provided. The model reduces exactly to classical Buckley-Leverett when added physics are disabled, making it a practical backbone for carbon storage, geothermal exchange, and contaminant transport in fractured, compositionally complex reservoirs.
Ionic liquids (ILs) can modulate protein phase behavior, including crystallization and aggregation. However, crystallization outcomes are often difficult to predict because nucleation is stochastic and strongly affected by specific ion effects. Here, we examine the crystallization pathway of lysozyme in ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) using a multi-modal small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) strategy that integrates high-throughput 96-well screening, in situ capillary thermal treatment, and time-resolved kinetic monitoring. To address batch-to-batch variability in these soft-matter samples, we implemented a standardized workflow for extracting complementary SAXS descriptors, including a fixed-window pseudo-Rg descriptor of low-q scattering evolution and a crystallinity index based on Bragg-feature intensity. The SAXS data are consistent with a two-step nucleation-like pathway in which EAN-induced association precedes the appearance of long-range crystalline order, while thermal treatment disrupts metastable clusters without restoring a simple native monomeric state. Machine-learning models were used as within-system interpolation and screening-prioritization tools for the measured lysozyme-EAN composition grid. Linear models failed to reproduce the non-linear trends, whereas ensemble methods reproduced the main features of the measured crystallization region. Feature-importance analysis identified EAN concentration as the dominant control variable (approximately 70% contribution). Together, these results provide a SAXS-based descriptor-extraction and data-analysis workflow for mapping composition-dependent crystallization behavior in the lysozyme-EAN system.
An increase in wrinkles, laxity, and dyschromia characterizes facial-skin aging. The skin is a natural barrier that prevents or limits the entry of external therapeutic compounds to the body. Enhancing the efficacy of transdermal delivery of anti-aging compounds is a key therapeutic strategy. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combined therapy that included a topical anti-aging serum and a multi-technology facial device designed to improve transdermal absorption. A 41-year-old woman with moderate facial aging was treated using a split-face design for 12 weeks. Every day, the left hemiface received a hyaluronic acid-niacinamide-Matrixyl serum. In contrast, the right hemiface received the same serum plus application of a multi-therapy device that delivered red light (630 nm), galvanic current, micro-vibration, and controlled heat. Skin changes were assessed using the VISIA Skin Analysis System (Canfield Scientific, Parsippany, New Jersey) at baseline, 6, and 12 weeks. Both hemifaces showed improvement in skin quality parameters (wrinkles, texture, and UV spots). TruSkin age decreased by five years on the treated side with the device + serum and by one year on the serum-only side. Greater improvement in wrinkle reduction was observed on the device-treated side. No adverse events were reported. As a preliminary observation, combined therapy using a topical serum and a multimodal device appears safe and attenuates aging effects, particularly in reducing wrinkles. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) incorporating multiple-resonance (MR) emitters have achieved exceptional color purity and external quantum efficiencies (EQEs), yet their operational stability remains limited by triplet accumulation on terminal emitters (TEs). In this study, we report a space-confined triplet-scavenging strategy that spatially couples an anthracene-based triplet-scavenging unit to the MR core while electronically decoupling them. This architecture enables efficient triplet dissipation without disturbing the intrinsic singlet emission of the MR-core. Therefore, the proposed BCzBN-SF1An preserves narrowband blue emission and high photoluminescence quantum yield, while exhibiting an enlarged singlet-triplet splitting and suppressed delayed emission, consistent with triplet scavenging effect. In hyperfluorescent (HF) OLEDs, BCzBN-SF1An exhibits a maximum EQE of 22.2% with a significantly reduced efficiency roll-off. Notably, the device lifetime is extended to 127 h at LT80, a threefold improvement over the parent BCzBN-based device, without sacrificing color purity or efficiency. Transient electroluminescent measurements further reveal suppressed charge trapping and the elimination of delayed emission from TEs, highlighting the synergistic roles of triplet scavenging and optimized charge carrier dynamics. This work demonstrates comprehensive insights into carrier/exciton dynamics, along with an effective molecular design paradigm for simultaneously achieving high efficiency and long operational lifetime in blue HF-OLEDs through precise triplet exciton management.
The 755-nm picosecond alexandrite laser with a diffractive lens array effectively treats photoaging in Asian patients but may cause transient adverse effects due to temporary disruption of the skin barrier. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a topical integrated skincare regimen containing CE Ferulic serum, Discoloration Defense (3% tranexamic acid), and Triple Lipid Restore 2:4:2 (CE/DD/242) following treatment with a 755-nm picosecond alexandrite laser with a diffractive lens array (DLA) in an Asian population. This single-center, randomized, evaluator-blinded, split-face controlled study enrolled 35 patients aged 25-63 years with facial photoaging. Each patient underwent three laser treatment sessions at four-week intervals. Patients applied Phyto Corrective serum and sunscreen to one cheek (control side) and adjunctive CE/DD/242 to the other cheek (treatment side). Clinical efficacy was evaluated using the VISIA® Complexion Analysis System, the FocuSkin® Skin Analyzer, and a participant satisfaction questionnaire. Self-reported redness or swelling was recorded by telephone follow-up. Laser treatment significantly improved pores (p=0.0011), brown spots (p=0.0003), and skin moisture (p=0.0001). Adjunctive integrated skincare further enhanced wrinkle reduction (adjusted difference - 2.33, p=0.018) and texture improvement (adjusted difference - 0.63, p=0.027). Females over 46 years demonstrated greater wrinkle reduction (p=0.0437), while males showed greater elasticity improvement (p=0.0003). Temporary erythema occurred in 13 of 35 patients, while 18 reported no adverse effects. Patient satisfaction scores were higher on the CE/DD/242 treatment side. The 755-nm picosecond alexandrite laser with a diffractive lens array improves photoaging and overall skin quality. Adjunctive integrated skincare (CE/DD/242) provides synergistic clinical benefits with minimal adverse effects, resulting in greater improvements in wrinkles and skin texture. Evidence obtained from at least one properly designed randomized controlled trial. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Robot-assisted surgery offers high-precision, minimally invasive access to confined spaces. Although transoral approaches using soft-palate splitting can reach the sella and clivus, they may be associated with velopharyngeal dysfunction. To date, no robotic technique reportedly preserves the soft palate while providing continuous access from the anterior skull base to the craniovertebral junction. To evaluate, in a cadaveric model, a robotic transoral trans-hard-palate approach that creates a single midline corridor from the planum sphenoidale through the sella and clivus to C2, and to test whether this corridor permits representative deep skull base maneuvers using dural suturing and simulated vascular repair. Six fresh cadaver heads were studied using the da Vinci Xi system. An arcuate hard-palate osteotomy allowed temporary mobilization on a vascular pedicle. Submucosal septal dissection with removal of the vomer and anterior/inferior sphenoid walls exposed a midline corridor from the planum to C2 while preserving the soft palate. Dural defects at the sellar-planum region and clivus were reconstructed with fascia lata and 7-0 Prolene. Additional experiments included formal reconstruction of suturing at the craniovertebral junction and simulated internal carotid artery (ICA) injury repaired with temporary clipping and 8-0 Prolene. The approach provided a stable 20-mm working channel for deep maneuvers. Robotic instrumentation allowed dural suturing at the sellar-planum region and clivus, additional suturing at the craniovertebral junction, and technically feasible ICA repair. This cadaveric study demonstrates a soft-palatal-preserving robotic transoral trans-hard-palate corridor capable of accommodating key skull base maneuvers. The technique may, in the future, complement expanded endoscopic endonasal approaches for selected midline lesions; however, endoscopic endonasal approaches remain the clinical standard, and in vivo validation is essential.
Background: Inter-limb asymmetry has been widely studied as a potential determinant of physical performance in able-bodied athletes; however, its functional relevance in athletes with neurological impairments such as spastic hemiparesis remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the associations between lower-limb isometric strength, inter-limb asymmetry, physical performance, and match external-load variables in elite CP football players. Methods: Eleven male football players with spastic hemiparesis from the Spanish national team competing at the 2024 IFCPF World Cup participated in this observational cross-sectional study. Maximal isometric strength of the plantar flexors, adductors, and hamstrings was assessed using a belt-stabilised dynamometer. Inter-limb asymmetry was calculated as a percentage difference between affected and non-affected limbs. Physical performance was evaluated using sprint, change-of-direction, dribbling, and intermittent endurance tests. Match external-load variables were collected during official competition using inertial measurement units. Associations were analysed using Spearman's rank correlations, and between-group comparisons were conducted using a median split based on asymmetry magnitude. Results: Inter-limb asymmetry did not significantly differentiate physical performance outcomes across any field-based tests (p > 0.05). Associations between isometric strength or asymmetry and field-based performance were limited and did not remain statistically significant after false discovery rate correction. In contrast, plantar flexor asymmetry showed significant negative associations with mechanical work (ρ = -0.84; q = 0.010) and metabolic power (ρ = -0.83; q = 0.010), which remained robust after multiple-comparison control. Conclusions: Inter-limb strength asymmetry did not appear to be a primary determinant of field-based physical performance in CP football players with spastic hemiparesis. Most associations between strength, asymmetry, and performance should be considered exploratory. However, plantar flexor asymmetry showed a consistent association with selected mechanical and metabolic match-load variables, suggesting that neuromuscular asymmetry may influence specific aspects of match demands. Given the exploratory team-study design and limited sample size, these findings should be interpreted cautiously and require confirmation in larger cohorts.
Albashaireh ZS, Altallaq MK. Assessment of patient satisfaction and esthetic outcomes following treatment of post-orthodontic white spot lesions using a bioactive adhesive and resin infiltrant: a randomized split-mouth clinical trial. Journal of Dentistry. 2026;167:106565. Split-mouth randomized clinical trial of 20 orthodontically treated patients (13 female, 7 male) involving 120 teeth with anterior white spot lesions (WSLs). Each participant received ICON resin infiltration or Hi-Bond Universal in contralateral quadrants. Esthetic changes were assessed by the patients and by two independent clinicians using a 100-point visual analogue scale (VAS) at one-month recall. Participants aged 16-30 years and who had completed fixed orthodontic treatment at least one month before enrollment were included. Eligible participants presented with at least one visible WSL on the labial surfaces of the anterior teeth or premolars on contralateral quadrants. All participants were required to have good oral hygiene, clinically healthy gingival tissues, and no evidence of active periodontal disease. Categorical outcome data were presented using descriptive summary measures including frequencies and percentages. The proportion of satisfactory vs. unsatisfactory outcomes (paired binary data) was compared between the Hi-Bond Universal and ICON treatments using the McNemar test. Overall patient satisfaction was equally high (80%) for both treatments, and there were no significant differences between patient or clinician ratings. Inter-assessor agreement was deemed "fair" for both groups (Cohen's kappa 0.318-0.340). Thus, both ICON and Hi-Bond Universal effectively masked WSLs, as deemed by subjective esthetic evaluation. Both bioactive adhesives and resin infiltration achieve satisfactory esthetic outcomes in masking demineralized enamel, at least in the short-term. Further longitudinal studies comparing the outcomes of these materials would be beneficial to determine whether these effects are sustained over time.
Fusarium wilt of banana threatens banana production world-wide. Although beneficial rhizomicrobiomes are linked to disease resistance, whether resistant cultivars systemically recruit disease-suppressive rhizomicrobiomes after pathogen challenge remains unclear. Using a split-root system combined with rhizomicrobiome transfer, we tested whether systemically recruited rhizomicrobiomes from different cultivars after pathogen challenge could alter disease development in a susceptible cultivar. Rhizosphere soil suspension from the pathogen-challenged highly resistant cultivar GCTCV119 was the only donor treatment that significantly reduced the disease index in the susceptible recipient cultivar Guijiao No. 1. This effect was associated with pathogen-induced enrichment of absolute bacterial abundance and absolute Bacillus abundance in the rhizosphere of GCTCV119, whereas such enrichment was not observed in the other donor cultivars. A syncom of seven Bacillus strains from the GCTCV119 rhizosphere most effectively reduced (by 90.20%) the disease index by the induction of plant resistance. Soil incubation showed that pathogen-induced D-sorbitol accumulation in GCTCV119 significantly increased total bacterial abundance and Bacillus abundance, and reduced the disease index. This study highlights pathogen-triggered rhizomicrobiome reshaping, higher absolute bacterial abundance, and the suppressive role of Bacillus as key features linked to disease resistance in banana, providing insights into microbiome-mediated disease suppression. 香蕉枯萎病严重威胁全球香蕉产业的稳定发展。已有研究表明，有益的根际微生物组与植株抗病性密切相关，但抗病品种在受到病原菌侵染后，能否通过系统性调控招募具有抑病功能的根际微生物组尚不明确。 本研究通过分根系统提供根际微生物组供体并结合根际微生物组移植，评估GCTCV119、云蕉1号和巴西蕉3个不同品种在病原菌侵染后系统性招募的根际微生物组，是否能够改变受体感病品种的病害发展。 来自病原菌侵染后高抗品种 GCTCV119 的根际土壤悬液供体，能够显著降低受体感病品种“桂蕉1号”病情指数。该效应与病原菌诱导 GCTCV119 根际细菌绝对丰度和芽孢杆菌绝对丰度增加有关，而其他供体品种中未观察到这种富集。由 GCTCV119 根际分离的7株芽孢杆菌构建的合成菌群，通过诱导植物抗性使感病品种“桂蕉1号”病情指数降低90.20%，表现出最佳抑病效果。土壤孵育试验表明，病原菌侵染诱导 GCTCV119 根际积累的 D‐山梨醇能够显著增加土壤中细菌绝对丰度和芽孢杆菌丰度，移植至感病品种“桂蕉1号”可显著降低其病情指数。 本研究揭示了病原菌触发的根际微生物组重塑、较高的细菌绝对丰度和芽孢杆菌的抑病作用，上述结果是与香蕉抗病性相关的关键特征指标。本研究结果为微生物组介导的病害抑制提供了新的理论见解。.