共找到 20 条结果
A questionnaire survey of the staff of curative and preventive institutions on the subject of management style, business and personal qualities of their leaders was conducted. The diversity of psychological features was detected in the microclimate of the collectives surveyed naturally conditioned by the interaction between the leader and the collective. The resulting psychological microclimate determines the different degree of willingness to welcome a new economic mechanism: from the possibility of complete realization of its principles by the entire collective to the complete declination.
暂无摘要（点击查看详情）
暂无摘要（点击查看详情）
An analysis is made of physicians' functions in all hospital departments; their significance, labour-consuming character and realization in the annual cycle of work were determined. The functional analysis of physician's performance was conducted in two directions: a study was carried out of all kinds of physician's work, its labour-consuming character and periodicity, and also of all kinds of documents he has been dealing with during a year.
According to the findings of different authors somatic emergency hospitals admit about 0.3-40 percent of patients with psycho-somatic diseases: mental patients suffering from acute somatic diseases, patients with somatically conditioned mental disorders and also patients the somatic complaints of whom are manifesting symptoms of mental disease. An analysis was made of the consulting psychiatrist work at the multidisciplinary emergency hospital which had no somatopsychiatric department (SPD) in its structure. Medical care was provided to 2654 "mixed patients" with different mental disorders. Acute psychotic symptomatology was detected in 38 percent of these patients, however only 3.42 percent were transferred into mental hospitals and SPD of other hospitals. The remaining patients stayed at somatic hospital up to the end of treatment due to non-carriageable condition. Such situation considerably compicates the work of consulting psychiatrist. The optimization of curative and rehabilitative care for the patients requires efficient cooperation between consulting psychiatrist and resident physicians providing diagnosis, complex biological therapy, differentiated curative and rehabilitative regimen and also securing the rights of mental patients for confidential care in accordance with Code of medical ethics and ensuring continuous upgrading the skills of nurses and physicians of somatic hospitals.
In connection with the publication of the article "On the rural medicine" by O. L. Sigailo in "Sovetskoye Zdravokhraneniye" 1990, No. 6, we attempted in a proper controversial way to specify some statements made in the above-mentioned paper and give our view of the above problem using our own findings. Primarily, in accordance with the data of Comprehensive Soviet Encyclopedia, a possible permissible specification of the article title was provided which would properly correspond to its contents. In this respect we expressed the opinion that publications such as this should provide a wider description of measures which would characterise the state of current rural medicine and public health. By this we mean a number of demographic indicators, the health status of different population groups, the material basis and its capacity, prospects for development, approaches to health personnel of high and medium qualification. The most important thing which we reproach the author with is the absence of clear-cut statement that the major problem of rural medicine (using the terminology of Dr. Segailo) is how to use the available health resources. And, moreover, one cannot help but express one's opinion on such vital problems as preparation for total medical survey of population, disease-caused temporary disability, the transition of public health to the new economic mechanism, insurance medicine.
暂无摘要（点击查看详情）
While analysing the prevalence ratio of chronic diseases in different groups of physical development, peculiarities of their levels were identified among persons with excess and underweight. A considerable stability of general levels of chronic diseases prevalence was also detected which reflects their formation under conditions of heterogeneity of populations including constitutional one.
The article provides a comprehensive characterization of young people on the eve of creating a family including the evaluation of socioeconomic, socio-demographic, socio-psychological features sexual behaviour of brides and bridegrooms before marriage, the use of contraceptives, etc. An analysis is also made of the morbidity among brides and bridegrooms and comprehensive evaluation of their health status with regard to the group of health. In an attempt to improve the health of young families, the demographic characteristics of a cohort of individuals aged 18 to 24 years old, who were married in 1986, and who lived in the city of Ivanovo, Ukraine for at least 3 years was studied. For both partners, the marriage was the first one. The cohort consisted of a total of 2853 couples. The average age of bridegrooms and brides was 22.1 and 21.6, respectively; 27.7% of the wives and 19.4 of the husbands had a college education. A majority of the couples had very low incomes; 73% of the husbands and 83% of the wives expected to receive financial help from their parents, and half of all couples planned to live in their parents' apartments. Only half of the couples knew each other for 1 year. Reasons for getting married included love (86.5% of bridegrooms and 84.8% of brides), friendship (8.3% and 13.3%, respectively), and pregnancy (1% and 0.5%, respectively). Premarital sexual relations were recorded in 77.7% of bridegrooms and in 65.2% of brides; 27.2% and 39.1%, respectively, became sexually active when they were 18 years old. Only 210.5% of the women who had premarital sexual relations regularly used contraceptives and, as a result, 9.8% had a history of pregnancy and 2.5% had a history of induced abortion. Only 31.7% of bridegrooms and 34.6% of brides had regular physical check-up; 20.5% of bridegrooms and 33.5% of brides had a history of chronic disease.
暂无摘要（点击查看详情）
An interview survey of 4180 girls aged 1-18 years, their mothers, teachers and tutors was conducted. It was found that the maternity instinct is inborn but it starts to show only during the second year of life and is manifested in the form of playing with dolls and reaches its peak at the age of 3-5 years. Playing with dolls occurs subconsciously and is not used for teaching the girls to acquire the habits of caring for a baby. The formation of family orientation is shaped at an early school age. Under the influence of their mothers school-girls form a reproductive orientation for having a small number of children--1.9-2.0.
A unique methodological approach is proposed which is used for the determination of "index of labour efficiency" of medical personnel and such associated with its elements of financial and economic activity as a saving of the number of posts and salary fund, the cost of health services according to their salary-consuming character and the amount of payment for the labour of health workers. The use of this index in the performance of in-patient institutions would facilitate the rational management of personnel, labour and salary.
This paper summarizes the experience gained in the training of surgery specialists at a medical institute and determines the main shortcomings of undergraduate and postgraduate specialization. A sociological survey carried out in the groups of subinterns indicated low effectiveness of preinstitute and intrainstitute professional orientation. Great emphasis is being placed on increasing the quality of training on fundamental sciences and preclinical disciplines. A positive appreciation is being given to the long application of the unified methodological system of specialists training, the use of the syndrome method of training at the graduate year, which is based on maximum activation of clinical thinking, motivated approach to the development of practical knowledge and skills. The important role of continuity in the training of surgeons in the subinternship and internship is stressed.
暂无摘要（点击查看详情）
The paper outlines the issues related to expert evaluation of medical consultation quality provided at out-patient departments of central regional hospitals (CRH). The algorithm and programme of expertise were included into the special "Expert Assessment Schedule for Ambulatory Consultations" containing an assessment of eight major items. An expert assessment was carried out of 447 patients who made ambulatory visits to CRH, with a view of studying the reasons for failures, searching for the possibilities to overcome them and for the reserves of raising the quality of medical care for rural population. The findings of assessing the quality of ambulatory consultations at the CRH level showed that the physician's performance is in need of improvement taking into account the information acquired and shortcomings at each stage of medical consultation delivery.
暂无摘要（点击查看详情）
暂无摘要（点击查看详情）
Socio-economic conditions have a different effect on the health status of rural teenagers. Living conditions and sports have the strongest effect, diet, income, occupation, harmful habits also have a considerable effect on the health status.