搜索结果：Social psychological and personality science

Background and Objectives: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a complex psychiatric condition characterized by emotional instability, impulsivity, a fluctuating self-image, and persistent difficulties in maintaining close interpersonal relationships. Among university students, these traits may be associated with social adjustment and academic functioning difficulties. The present study aimed to examine the prevalence of borderline traits within a Romanian student population and to investigate the associations between these traits and interpersonal difficulties encountered in family life, romantic relationships, and academic environments. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 151 undergraduate students enrolled in higher education institutions across Romania. Data were gathered through an online questionnaire available between March and May 2025. The instrument comprised items addressing socio-demographic characteristics, diagnostic criteria for borderline personality traits according to the DSM, as well as self-reported social behaviour patterns. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 9, version 9.3.1 for Windows, employing Fisher's exact test and the odds ratio (OR), with a significance threshold set at p < 0.05. Results: Most participants reported experiencing affective instability (71.5%) and distorted self-image (58.9%). Fear of abandonment was present in 29.4% of the respondents, while impulsivity was identified in 37.7%. Borderline personality traits were significantly associated with a range of social difficulties, including relational anxiety, outbursts of anger, peer conflicts, social withdrawal, and dissociative symptoms. Individuals who exhibited impulsivity, self-injurious behaviours, or dissociative episodes demonstrated a markedly increased risk of social dysfunction, with odds ratios ranging from 3 to 10 (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The findings reveal a high prevalence of borderline traits within the analysed sample, along with statistically significant associations with social and emotional difficulties. These results underscore the importance of implementing psychological screening programs in universities, as well as early intervention strategies focused on the mental well-being of young adults. Establishing a supportive academic environment and fostering collaboration between faculty members and mental health professionals may play a key role in preventing symptom escalation and in promoting healthy personal and relational development.

This study aimed to examine the effects of social support and type D personality on subjective well-being (SWB) in hemodialysis patients and to verify the serial mediating roles of psychological resilience and positive coping styles, addressing the lack of research on multifactor serial mediation mechanisms. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 427 hemodialysis patients in Shanxi, China. Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression, and bootstrap resampling (5000 resamples) were used for analysis, with annual household income and dialysis vintage as control variables. After controlling for covariates, social support positively predicted SWB (total effect&#x2005;=&#x2005;0.361, P&#x2005;<&#x2005;.001), whereas type D personality negatively predicted SWB (total effect&#x2005;=&#x2005;-0.235, P&#x2005;<&#x2005;.001). Psychological resilience and positive coping styles exerted significant serial mediating effects in both pathways, with total indirect effects accounting for 55.12% and 59.15% of the total effects, respectively. All effects were statistically significant. Social support is a protective factor and type D personality a risk factor for SWB in hemodialysis patients. Both act through the serial mediating pathway of psychological resilience and positive coping styles, providing clear targets for clinical psychological interventions.

Eating disorders (EDs) pose significant challenges to individuals' psychological, physical, and social well-being, making early detection and intervention essential. This study aimed to examine the associations between eating disorder risk symptoms and key psychological constructs, including self-control, life satisfaction, mental health, and personality traits. Study I involved the translation and psychometric validation of the Turkish IOI Screener, including Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Measurement Invariance testing, and Item Response Theory analyses. Study II, conducted using a cross-sectional design, assessed criterion validity by examining correlations with related psychological measures and testing a structural equation model exploring the mediating role of anxiety and stress in the relationship between eating disorder risk symptoms and life satisfaction. Findings confirmed the unidimensional factor structure of the Turkish IOI Screener, with strong reliability indicators. Anxiety and stress partially mediated the relationship between eating disorder risk symptoms and life satisfaction, acting as parallel mediators. Eating disorder risk symptoms were positively associated with neuroticism, depression, and impulsivity, and negatively linked to self-control, conscientiousness, and life satisfaction. These findings highlight the need for early detection and tailored interventions for individuals at risk of eating disorders, particularly addressing anxiety and stress to improve well-being.

Internet addiction (IA) is a significant public health concern, particularly among youth. This study aimed to assess the global prevalence and determinants of IA among youth. A cross-sectional study. Twenty-six countries were selected using a stratified random sampling by income level. Youth aged 15-24 years were recruited through convenience and snowball sampling methods (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;12449). The Compulsive Internet Use Scale, the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Big-Five Inventory-2 Extra-Short Form were used to measure IA, internalizing and externalzing problems, and personality traits, respectively. Linear regression and mediation analysis were performed. The mean age was 20.41&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;2.53 years and 58.2&#xa0;% were females. The weighted overall prevalence of IA was 38.4&#xa0;% [95&#xa0;% confidence interval (CI): 37.0&#xa0;%-39.8&#xa0;%], ranging from 24.0&#xa0;% in Cameroon to 62.4&#xa0;% in Vietnam. IA was more prevalent among participants aged 15-19 years, females, urban residents, those whose mothers had high school or university education, and those with limited parental control over Internet use. Internalizing symptoms, high negative emotionality, low extraversion, and low open-mindedness increased IA. Residence in higher-income countries, as well as prosocial behavior, reduced IA. The mediation analysis indicated that the country's income level was associated with IA both directly and indirectly through psychological and personality traits, with a direct negative effect across all models, significant positive indirect effects via extraversion and negative emotionality, and a significant negative indirect effect via prosocial behavior. The findings emphasize the need to screen for internalizing and externalzing problems, consider personality traits, and recognize the family's role in addressing IA.

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) hold promise for clarifying personality disorder (PD) models, research methodology, understanding, and clinical treatment. This study models personality and personality pathology using natural language. A representative community sample of N = 1,409 older adults from St. Louis (33% Black, 65% White, and 2% other) completed life narrative interviews lasting on average 20 min. Language from the interviews was then used to train and test language-based personality models on scores from the NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised and the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality. Criteria measures were used for multimethod construct validation of the language models including self-report measures of physical functioning and depressive symptoms and informant-report measures of personality, general health status, and social functioning. Language models were developed using fine-tuning of the parameters of the RoBERTa language model, BERTopic topic modeling, and Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. Fine-tuned RoBERTa models predicted personality scores in testing data above r = .40, approaching what is considered a large effect size for convergent validity tests between two self-reports of the same construct. Life narrative language was more readily mapped onto the five-factor model trait domains than onto DSM PD categories, aside from moderate support for borderline pathology. The language-based five-factor model scores were supported by multimethod criteria correlations including informant-report personality scores in the testing data. Findings demonstrate the potential promise of language-based AI to refine conceptual frameworks of PD and provide automatic personality assessment and prediction in research and clinical practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

This study investigates the drivers and mitigators of workplace bullying in surgical environments in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand, utilizing social identity theory (SIT) and contemporary models of psychological safety. It introduces the concept of personality traits as a bridging factor between drivers and mitigators. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 31 surgeons. Thematic analysis, supported by NVivo, was used to map findings to the SIT framework and incorporate psychological safety and personality theory. Key drivers of workplace bullying include entrenched hierarchical power structures, gender dynamics and early socialization in competitive environments. The "bad apple" phenomenon, where personality traits such as narcissism and low emotional intelligence exacerbate bullying, contrasts with individuals demonstrating empathy and interpersonal awareness, who mitigate such behaviors. Effective leadership, generational shifts and team stability through procedural inclusion are key mitigators that promote psychological safety and collaboration. Sample diversity, self-reporting bias and temporal context may impact the generalizability of findings across broader health and surgical settings in contemporary practice. Addressing entrenched power imbalances and fostering inclusive leadership and practices are critical to mitigating bullying. Promoting psychological safety and leveraging generational change can reshape surgical culture, leading to healthier teams and improved patient outcomes. This study bridges SIT with theories of personality and psychological safety, offering new perspectives on how individual traits and systemic dynamics shape bullying behaviors and culture in surgical teams, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.

This study predicted psychological resilience among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic based on a comprehensive, theory-informed set of factors at the individual, interpersonal, and community levels. The study sample consisted of 3,364 individuals who completed the 2016 and 2020 Leave-Behind Questionnaire from the Health and Retirement Study. A longitudinal design was used, with pre-pandemic predictors measured in 2016 and resilience measured in 2020. Three machine learning algorithms (LASSO, Ridge, and Random Forest) were trained with five-fold cross-validation. SHAP values were used to interpret feature importance. LASSO had the best model fit (RMSE&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.873; R2 = 0.195). Twenty-four features emerged as important predictors. Psychological dispositions and resources, including four Big Five personality traits, optimism, purpose in life, life satisfaction, and religiosity, were strong predictors of resilience. Pre-pandemic social participation, social support, and neighborhood cohesion were also positively associated with resilience. Several indicators of technology adaptation, particularly learning a new device, and socio-behavioral adaptation during the pandemic were additional positive predictors of resilience. In contrast, older subjective age was linked to lower resilience. Several non-linear and interaction effects were identified. Study findings underscore the complex, multifactorial nature of resilience and demonstrate the value of theory-informed data science approach in advancing our understanding of resilience. Addressing digital inequities and fostering supportive social relationships and community participation are potential targets for population-based strategies as we face increasing threats from disasters.

In recent years, more studies have focused on the outcome parameter (health-related) Quality of Life (QOL) after a severe injury. Psychological complaints are known to be associated with QOL. However, little is known about long-term QOL. Studies in other fields, have shown that, apart from disease, patients' personality may be associated with (long-term) QOL. The aim of this study was to evaluate QOL, psychological complaints, and physical limitations about ten years after a severe injury and to compare this with the patients' situation 7 years earlier. Furthermore, the association between long-term QOL and patients' personality was examined. The 156 patients who participated in a study to investigate QOL, psychological problems and physical limitations seven years ago, were reassessed to determine their current situation using the same questionnaires as seven years earlier. In addition, patients' personality was assessed. The response rate was 58%. Except for the social component, no significant differences in patients' QOL, psychological complaints and physical limitations were found in comparison with seven years earlier. The social domain scores had decreased. Personality was significantly associated with all QOL domains. Psychological complaints were not an important confounder in the association between personality and long-term QOL, but they did in the relationship between personality and physical complaints. The QOL, psychological, and physical situation of severely injured patients ten years after their injury is comparable to their situation three years after their injury. Personality was an important factor, strongly associated with long-term QOL. Therapy focused at extending coping strategies may be helpful for patients at risk for low QOL, since no further spontaneous recovery was observed. This is a Basic Science paper and, therefore, does not require a level of evidence.

Vaccine hesitancy may represent a global threat because of its inherent consequences for health, social and economic systems. Understanding the factors associated with vaccine hesitancy is fundamental to developing effective healthcare policies. While previous studies have mainly focused on sociological and cultural variables and transient illness-specific fears and beliefs, the present systematic review focuses on the psychological factors (such as emotional dispositions, cognitive functioning and expectations, and stable personality traits) associated with vaccine hesitancy during the COVID-19 era. A systematic review using a systematic search of PubMed, PsychINFO and Web of Science databases was performed with a time frame ranging between 1 January 2020 to 31 January 2025 focusing on psychological factors and vaccine hesitancy. Studies targeting the general population and employing validated instruments to assess emotional, cognitive and personality factors and vaccine hesitancy were selected, while investigations on context-specific, psycho-social, cultural and political factors were excluded. Quality and risk of bias in the selected studies was assessed using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and main studies' characteristics, variables and outcomes were synthesised using a narrative approach and table. Fourteen studies were finally included in the qualitative synthesis. The results showed that some variables such as depressive and anxiety levels, as well as emotion regulation strategies may affect vaccination behaviour, although some cultural and generational differences were also observed. Differences in cognitive flexibility, decision-making, and personal expectations may influence vaccine hesitancy. Notably, some personality factors, like extraversion, openness, conscientiousness and dark personality traits, may influence hesitancy to vaccinate. This review highlights emotional, cognitive, and personality factors associated with vaccine hesitancy, providing evidence for personalised, evidence-based interventions aimed at promoting adherence to national vaccination policies.

Social media timelines contain rich signals of users' mental states but are too voluminous for direct clinical review. Although large language models (LLMs) demonstrate robust linguistic and summarization capabilities in general&#x2011;purpose tasks, distilling clinically relevant insights demands deeper psychological analysis and sensitivity to each individual's unique personality and context. Accurately capturing subtle, personalized affective and behavioral patterns remains a significant challenge for current models. A thorough, systematic evaluation of LLM&#x2011;generated clinical summaries is therefore essential to understand their readiness for real&#x2011;world mental health monitoring. This study evaluates the ability of an LLM-based pipeline to generate clinically meaningful summaries of social media timelines, compared to summaries written by human clinicians. The summaries are structured along 3 key clinical aspects, including an overall mental health assessment, intrapersonal and interpersonal patterns, and mental state changes over time. We use a recent state-of-the-art approach that combines a hierarchical variational autoencoder (VAE) with an LLM (Large Language Model-Meta AI 2 13-billion-parameter version; LLaMA2 13B). This method first summarizes the patient's history using the VAE and then transforms this summary into a clinical narrative using the LLM. We also test both single-step and multistep LLM-prompting techniques and devise comprehensive clinical prompts. For 30 social media timelines, model outputs were evaluated against human-written summaries through human ratings and expert qualitative analysis. Linguistic diversity was automatically measured as a proxy for personalization. Human summaries scored highest for factual consistency (3.75) and general usefulness (3.63). The timeline-hierarchical variational autoencoder (TH-VAE) model outperformed LLaMA for factual consistency (3.35 vs 3.08) and general usefulness (3.28 vs 3.38). Both 2-step models were comparable to humans in describing interpersonal and intrapersonal patterns (3.45-3.48 vs 3.33) and changes over time (3.42 vs 3.35-3.30). The naive LLaMA baseline scored lower on all criteria except factual consistency. Furthermore, a qualitative analysis observed that human summaries provided more accurate, deep, and personalized insights, while LLMs offered more exhaustive but generic descriptions. Quantitatively, linguistic diversity was higher in human summaries both at the semantic level (mean Cohen d=1.19) and at the surface level (mean Cohen d=1.31). At this time medium-size LLMs can generate largely accurate and informative clinical summaries of social media timelines, and advanced prompting boosts performance modestly. However, at the time of this writing, they underperform human clinicians in capturing subtle psychological nuances and individual idiosyncrasies. Future work should integrate domain&#x2011;specific fine&#x2011;tuning and enhanced context modeling to improve LLM clinical fidelity.

To explore the correlation between Psychosexual Health development (APDS) and non-suicidal self-injury behaviors (NSSI) in adolescence, and investigate the mediating effects by adult attachment (AAS) and social supports (SSRS) between them. This study employs a missed design with quantitative pretests and tracing post-tests involving 1193 college students majoring in preschool and primary education. The participants are first-year (freshmen) and second-year students (sophmore), primarily women, at a higher vocational college in Shaanxi, utilizing APDS, AAS, SSRS and the NSSI questionnaires to evaluate the positive proportion of NSSI behaviors and obtained the ratio of 12.53% among normal individuals, and using SPSS Pearson relevant to analyse correlation of the variables and to test the mediating effect through Amos SEM equation model and Bootstrap method. Confirmed Psychosexual Health impacts on NSSI behaviors significantly, and the Chained mediating effect of AAS and SSRS between them. APDS can significantly negatively predict NSSI under the mediating effects of AAS and SSRS respectively, and insignificantly effect with the chained mediating effect of AAS and SSRS. Improving individual psychosexual health levels is conducive to developing secure adult attachment and promoting good social supports, with certain enlightening significance for decreasing and preventing NSSI behaviors among adolescents. We discussed future research directions based on our results, and revealed important significance timely intervening those with personality disorders and NSSI behaviors through carrying out psychosexual health education to cultivate their secure adult attachment and good social supports. In the meanwhile, to support individuals with psychological growth and group intervention on NSSI behaviors during adolescence, and put forward schools more effective educational guidance and methods of psychological health, by promoting their psychosexual health to enhance individual personality development and mental health levels. With anticipation to provide more scientific theoretical evidence and practical strategies for early educational guidance and group prevention measures in favor of implementing psychosexual health education to prevent NSSI behaviors timely among children and adolescents on campus.

Research on different aspects of mentalizing is essential for understanding the mechanisms underlying personality disorders (PDs) and for informing psychotherapy approaches, in which mentalizing is considered a key mechanism of change. This study aimed to explore whether self- and other-mentalizing, in interaction with attachment insecurity, differentially explain Criteria A (level of personality functioning) and B (maladaptive traits) of the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders in the DSM-5. Our sample consisted of 109 participants (54% female, 41% male and 5% nonbinary). We used the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Personality Disorders, a Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition, the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised, the Self and Interpersonal Functioning Scale and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5. Regression analyses show that self-mentalizing deficits uniquely predict both Criterion A domains (self and interpersonal functioning) and all five maladaptive traits, while other-mentalizing is relevant only to interpersonal functioning. Explained variance (adjusted R2) ranges from 55% to 18%. Additionally, mentalization moderates the relationship between insecure attachment and personality pathology (interpersonal functioning, Negative Affectivity and Detachment), mainly with greater mentalization deficits linked to more severe personality dysfunction under heightened attachment insecurity. Our findings authorize mentalizing as a crucial factor in PD, supporting the potential value of mentalization-focused interventions in addressing both the severity and the 'flavour' of PD. Notably, our findings suggest a hierarchy within self- and other-mentalizing, indicating that self- mentalizing plays a more foundational role in PD. Through a comprehensive, multimethod assessment of mentalization, this study offers a refined understanding of its role in psychopathology, providing valuable insights that could guide the development of more targeted therapeutic interventions.

Personality disorders are highly prevalent worldwide imposing substantial personal and social challenges. Schema Therapy is an effective psychotherapeutic approach for personality pathology and other complex characterological problems. New scientific insights prompted a re-evaluation of its theoretical underpinnings leading to a reformulated Schema Therapy theory. Furthermore, the assumed cross-cultural universality of the Schema Therapy model has not been tested. This project has two primary aims: (1) To develop revised instruments based on the reformulated theory that are psychometrically sound and valid across diverse cultures and languages. (2) To validate the Schema Therapy-related constructs and their inter-relationships across cultures. New draft versions of the Young Schema Questionnaire, Schema Coping Inventory, and Schema Mode Inventory were developed. Before dissemination, these instruments will undergo rigorous psychometric evaluation to refine item sets and ensure linguistic and conceptual consistency. A minimum of 100 adult mental health patients and 100 non-patients from each participating country will complete the revised instruments. Sociodemographic and mental health-related variables will also be assessed. Statistical analyses will evaluate (a) internal consistency, (b) unidimensionality, (c) cross-cultural invariance, (d) factorial validity (if possible), and (e) known-group validity. Malfunctioning items will be deleted, and subscales will be shortened, if possible, targeting internal consistency of &#x2265;.80. This study is expected to yield optimized versions of the three instruments aligned with the reformulated theory. These findings will inform subsequent international studies to further assess the structural and cross-cultural validity of the revised scales. The resulting empirically validated scales will be openly accessible, facilitating worldwide utilization. This protocol outlines the first international study based on the reformulated theory, aiming to extend the psychopathological coverage and enhance the cross-cultural application of evidence-based treatments for personality pathology. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. Potential limitations are discussed.

People with mental disorders have an increased risk of diabetes, yet conflicting evidence exists regarding the quality of diabetes care they receive. To address this evidence gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess and compare diabetes quality of care in people with diabetes with mental disorders versus people with diabetes without mental disorders. In this systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis, we searched Scopus, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO for cohort and case-control studies published between database inception and Feb 8, 2025. We estimated summary odds ratios (ORs) for diabetes quality of care indicators in individuals with any mental disorder versus without mental disorders to investigate the association between the presence of a mental disorder and diabetes quality of care indicators, including overall diabetes monitoring and treatment. Studies were excluded if it was not possible to generate pooled quantitative data. The primary outcome was a binary composite measure of diabetes quality of care, meaning the percentage of people receiving any diabetes monitoring and treatment (ie, urine albumin-creatinine ratio test, HbA1c test, blood pressure measured, foot surveillance, serum creatinine test, serum cholesterol test, BMI recorded, smoking status recorded, retinal monitoring). Secondary outcomes were study-specific diabetes quality of care individual indicators matched to the nine NICE diabetes monitoring indicators and specific diabetes interventions and anti-diabetes medications. We analysed primary and secondary outcomes according to any mental disorder and to specific diagnostic subgroups. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Data from 49 studies (42 cohort and seven case-control) were included, comprising 5&#x2009;503&#x2009;712 individuals with diabetes, of whom 838&#x2009;366 (15&#xb7;2%) had a diagnosed mental disorder (defined using ICD-9 or ICD-10 criteria in 40 studies). Sex was reported in 35 of 49 studies, comprising 4&#x2009;250&#x2009;666 individuals, 1&#x2009;956&#x2009;506 (46&#xb7;0%) of whom were female and 2&#x2009;294&#x2009;160 (54&#xb7;0%) were male. The mean age was 61&#xb7;4 years (SD 8&#xb7;7; range 47-82 years). 38 studies reported on various mental disorders, 21 on mood disorders spectrum, 21 on major depressive disorder, 20 on schizophrenia, 11 on bipolar disorder, 11 on substance use disorder spectrum, including alcohol use disorder, six on dementia, five on anxiety disorder spectrum, and one on personality disorder spectrum. Most studies were high quality and spanned Asia, North America, Europe, and Australasia. Significant negative associations were observed between having any mental disorder and the likelihood of receiving any recommended diabetes monitoring (29 studies, OR=0&#xb7;81 [95% CI 0&#xb7;70-0&#xb7;94], p=0&#xb7;0049). Negative associations were also observed for HbA1c measurement (24 studies, 0&#xb7;81 [0&#xb7;68-0&#xb7;97], p=0&#xb7;024), retinal screening (21 studies, 0&#xb7;77 [0&#xb7;63-0&#xb7;95], p=0&#xb7;013), lipid and cholesterol measurement (20 studies, 0&#xb7;83 [0&#xb7;69-0&#xb7;99], p=0&#xb7;043), foot examination (11 studies, 0&#xb7;85 [0&#xb7;76-0&#xb7;95], p=0&#xb7;0044), and renal investigation (16 studies, 0&#xb7;78 [0&#xb7;63-0&#xb7;96], p=0&#xb7;022). A significant positive association was found between any mental disorder and recorded smoking status (two studies, 1&#xb7;09 [1&#xb7;02-1&#xb7;17]; p=0&#xb7;0076). Any mental disorder was significantly associated with higher odds of receiving insulin (ten studies, 1&#xb7;52 [95% CI 1&#xb7;16-1&#xb7;99]; p=0&#xb7;0022), but negatively associated with treatment with a GLP-1 receptor agonist (two studies, 0&#xb7;26 [0&#xb7;13-0&#xb7;49]; p<0&#xb7;0001). There was no evidence of publication bias. Mental disorders are negatively associated with receiving adequate diabetes monitoring and GLP-1 agonist therapy. Addressing these disparities has the potential to address the increased mortality associated with mental disorders. None.

The same dataset can be analysed in different justifiable ways to answer the same research question, potentially challenging the robustness of empirical science1-3. In this crowd initiative, we investigated the degree to which research findings in the social and behavioural sciences are contingent on analysts' choices. We examined a stratified random sample of 100 studies published between 2009 and 2018, in which, for one claim per study, at least five reanalysts independently reanalysed the original data. The statistical appropriateness of the reanalyses was assessed in peer evaluations, and the robustness indicators were inspected along a range of research characteristics and study designs. We found that 34% of the independent reanalyses yielded the same result (within a tolerance region of &#xb1;0.05 Cohen's d) as the original report; with a four times broader tolerance region, this indicator increased to 57%. Of the reanalyses conducted, 74% reached the same conclusion as the original investigation, 24% yielded no effects or inconclusive results and 2% reported the opposite effect. This exploratory study indicates that the common single-path analyses in social and behavioural research should not be simply assumed to be robust to alternative analyses4. Therefore, we recommend the development and use of practices to explore and communicate this neglected source of uncertainty.

BACKGROUND: Many previous studies have explored the facilitators and barriers to exercise behavior. However, no study to date has systematically examined the interactions among psychological variables and their potential direct or indirect links to exercise behavior within an integrated model. This study employed a cross-sectional design with network analysis to investigate the complex relationships between personality traits, emotions, and motivations, identifying distal, proximal, and mediating factors associated with exercise behavior among Chinese university students. METHODS: A total of 6,072 university students (51.2% male; mean age&#x2009;=&#x2009;20.22 years, SD&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.68) from 12 provinces in China completed an online survey between October and December 2024 Participants reported demographic characteristics, exercise behavior, personality traits, affect, motivation, self-regulation, and emotion regulation strategies. Exercise behavior was assessed by average weekly duration of moderate-to-vigorous activity. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlations with Benjamini&#x2013;Hochberg correction and network analysis (EBICglasso). RESULTS: The weekly MVPA was 135.21&#xa0;min, below the World Health Organization&#x2019;s recommended threshold of 150&#xa0;min. Network analysis identified proximal factors directly associated with exercise behavior, including academic motivation, appearance motivation, health motivation, ability motivation, economic motivation, honor motivation, negative affect, impulsivity (BBIS), positive affect, agreeableness, self-esteem, and self-control (BSCS). Distal factors, such as enjoyment motivation, social motivation, conformity motivation, difficulties in emotion regulation (DERS-16), stress, anxiety, depression, and openness, showed weaker or indirect associations. Mediating factors, including neuroticism, conscientiousness, suppression, and reappraisal, may regulate exercise engagement by being linked to proximal variables.The weekly MVPA node showed a predictability of R&#xb2; = 0.055 (5.5%), indicating the proportion of variance in exercise behavior explained by the network. CONCLUSIONS: This large cross-sectional study suggests that multiple psychological and personality factors play differential roles in their relationships with exercise behavior.The findings may provide a preliminary theoretical basis for developing tailored exercise interventions, though causal inferences are limited by the cross-sectional design. Future longitudinal research is needed to clarify the dynamic interactions among these factors and their implications for intervention.

Disability poses significant challenges to subjective well-being (SWB), yet many individuals with physical disabilities report unexpectedly high levels of life satisfaction-a phenomenon known as the disability paradox. While quantitative research has identified correlates such as social support and psychological capital, these studies often rely on cross-sectional surveys that capture group trends but fail to illuminate the dynamic, narrative processes through which SWB emerges over the life course, particularly in collectivistic cultures like China where relational and cultural factors may uniquely shape adaptation. This study utilized a mixed-methods approach, employing life tone and life theme analyses within a life story interview framework, supplemented by grounded theory coding procedures. We conducted a qualitative analysis of narratives from 35 Chinese adults with physical disabilities, who also completed psychometric measures of subjective well-being (SWB), social support, and psychological capital. To enhance findings' robustness, we quantitized narrative indicators and performed triangulation by conducting statistical correlation analyses between these narrative metrics and questionnaire scores within the primary sample (N&#x2009;=&#x2009;35). The results indicate: (1) The factors influencing SWB among individuals with physical disabilities primarily consist of four dimensions: family establishment, life experiences, social support, and self-personality; (2) Although the overall emotional tone among Chinese individuals with physical disabilities leans toward negativity, the overall personality tone exhibits a positive orientation, with the frequency of positive emotional words surpassing negative ones starting from mid-adulthood; (3) Life theme analysis demonstrates that relational themes predominate in the narratives, with interpersonal relationships serving as a central pathway for meaning reconstruction and the generation of subjective well-being; and (4) Significant associations were observed between social support, psychological capital, and the emotional and personality features in the narratives, indicating the joint involvement of internal and external resources in shaping SWB among individuals with physical disabilities. In summary, this study, grounded in a localized narrative perspective across the full life course, elucidates the factors influencing SWB among Chinese individuals with physical disabilities and their cultural specificity, particularly emphasizing the key role of relational factors in fostering resilience and meaning construction within a collectivistic value framework.

An increasing number of university students report feeling lonely, a negative experience arising from a mismatch between perceived and actual social relationships. Loneliness has been linked to poorer mental health. However, the relationship between qualitative (sources of loneliness) and quantitative (high or low) differences in loneliness and mental health is under researched. The aims of this research were to (a) identify profiles of loneliness among university students across three indicators of loneliness, namely, social, family, and romantic indicators, using latent profile analysis (LPA); (b) examine the differences among identified profiles based on dimensions of mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, and stress), social support, and life satisfaction; and (c) assess profile membership based on demographic variables (gender, social isolation, relationship status, and education characteristics) and the Big Five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism). A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 912 university students from five cities in Uttar Pradesh, India. Participants completed questionnaires covering demographic details and validated measures assessing loneliness, depression, stress, anxiety, social support, life satisfaction, and the Big Five personality traits. Data were analyzed using the latent profile module in Jamovi and fit indices, namely, BIC, AIC, and BLRT, and entropy was used to select the best profile. The latent profile analysis identified four profiles for university student loneliness, including Social and emotional lonely (31.4%), Moderate romantic lonely (23.8%), Moderate social lonely (8.2%), and Severe romantic lonely (36.6%). Moreover, the Social and emotional lonely profile scored the highest on depression, anxiety, and stress. The Moderate romantic lonely profile scored the highest on life satisfaction and social support. Being in a relationship decreased the likelihood of being categorized as Severe romantic lonely. In terms of personality, neuroticism was the strongest predictor of profile membership. This study is a step towards identifying at-risk lonely individuals with varying sources of loneliness. Identifying different profiles of lonely individuals will have direct implications for designing interventions that cater to a particular group rather than a one-size-fits-all approach.

Transitioning into young adulthood often brings about significant changes in personality traits. However, the reasons behind these personality changes remain unclear. This study integrates insights from research on personality development and the psychology of social class to study how the construction of one's social class identity in young adulthood might trigger changes in personality traits (i.e., Big Five, locus of control, and risk-taking). We tested our preregistered hypotheses in the context of educational mobility, using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) study (N = 4,776). Specifically, we investigated personality changes of young adults whose parents did not go to university, comparing those who are educationally mobile (i.e., go to university) with those who do not during the study period. Overall, the results indicated that upward educational mobility only leads to changes in risk-taking. Theoretical implications for the psychology of class mobility (selection vs. socialization effects) are discussed.