Dose dependent effects of EDTPO on morphology and mineralization of hard tissues as well as calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (IP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in serum were examined in growing rats. Five groups of male S.D. rats weighing 110-120g were received s.c. injections of 0 (control), 1, 2, 4, and 8mg P/kg body wt. of EDTPO once daily (at noon) for 10 days respectively. Tetracycline (Tc.) were i.p. injected three times, one day before drug treatment (1st), 5th (2nd) and 10th (3rd) day of experimental period. All rats were received i.p. injection of 185kBq (5 microCi) of 45Ca six hours after the 10th injection of EDTPO. On the next day, blood samples were taken from the carotid artery. Then the animals were killed and both tibias, submandibular teeth and right femur were removed. Serum Ca, IP and ALP were determined by spectrophotometry. Wet, dry and ash bone weight were measured and bone calcium was determined by atomic absorption method. 45Ca activity was counted by the liquid scintillation counter. Serum Ca levels revealed decreasing tendency at the dose of 1mg P/kg and 2mg P/kg of EDTPO but increasing tendency at 4mg P/kg and significant increase at the dose of 8mg P/kg. Specific activity of 45Ca in serum increased slightly at 2mg P/kg, but at the dose of 8mg P/kg increased five times compared to that of control. Decrease of IP and increase of ALP level were observed only at the dose level of 8mg P/kg. Wet, dry, and ash weight, and Ca content of femur and 45Ca activity were decreased dose-dependently. In histological examination, changes of tibia and teeth were observed at the dose of 2mg P/kg and following dose increase these changes were more significantly. Ultraviolet line of Tc. appeared three in proximal metaphysis of tibia and dentin at the dose of 1mg P/kg and 2mg P/kg, but at the dose of 4mg P/kg and 8mg P/kg 2nd and 3rd line could not be detected. These result indicated that the effects of EDTPO on serum ingredients, long bone and teeth are initiated at the dose of 2mg P/kg, appeared at the dose of 4mg P/kg significantly, and at the dose of 8 mg P/kg severely. In addition, increase of the ratio of 45Ca specific activity between serum and bone observed at the dose of 4mg P/kg and 8mg P/kg suggested that these effects of EDTPO would be due to inhibitory action on mineralization.
Hypophosphatasia is a hereditary disease characterized by congenital deficiency of tissue alkaline phosphatase. One of its dental features is the shedding of teeth. We have experienced a case which was referred to our clinic with the chief complaints of loss and shedding of lower deciduous central incisors and was diagnosed to be highly suspected of hypophosphatasia as a result of hematological examination at the pediatric clinic. As a result of close systemic and dental examination and further study of changes in the course for two and a half years, the following findings were obtained: 1. Low serum alkaline phosphatase level and hypercalcemia were the systemic findings of the disease. 2. There was no delayed ossification in terms of carpal bone age. 3. X-ray cephalography revealed no particular cephalic abnormality, except the lack of development of frontalis and mandibular. 4. Dental findings comprised marked resorption of upper alveolar bone in the front teeth area and pronounced instability of front deciduous teeth. 5. As for changes in oral symptoms, extraction of A because of pronounced instability was followed by spontaneous shedding of A. About one year later, A was extracted because of marked instability. At the time of this writing, A was slightly instable without any abnormality in the other teeth. 6. Pathohistological study of the extracted teeth disclosed only a little resorption of cement of root apex and dysgonic periodontium without any marked tissue changes.
For clinical application of ceramics such as porcelains that are frequently used as crown restoration materials, it is important to quantitatively evaluate and determine brittleness. This quality is expressed as a fracture toughness value, KIC, but no distinct method for its determination has yet been established. In order to standardize conditions for the determination of KIC by the indentation method, effects of indentation load and loading time on KIC of calcium phosphate crystalline ceramics (CP) were studied at various Vickers indentation loads and various loading times in CP plate-like segments. Furthermore, plate-like segments of each of CP, apatite (AP), mica-beta-spodumene (MIS) and mica (MIC) groups were subjected to experiment at various indentation loads at a fixed loading time to study the effects of indentation load on KIC in four kinds of Castable Ceramics. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The Vickers hardness degree of CP was decreased with an increase in indentation load and loading time, reaching the maximum value (499Hv) at 1kgf of indentation load and 5s of loading time. 2) The value of half of the crack length of CP was increased with an increase in indentation load and loading time, reaching a maximum (530 microns) at 20kgf of indentation load and 30s of loading time. 3) KIC of CP reached the maximum value (2.78MNm-3/2) at 5kgf of indentation load and 5s of loading time, and the minimum (1.52MNm-3/2) at 20kgf of indentation load and 30s of loading time. 4) Optimal experimental conditions for KIC of CP determined by indentation method were 5kgf or 10kgf of indentation load and 15s of loading time. 5) KIC values (MNm-3/2) determined at 5kgf of indentation load and 15s of loading time for CP, AP, MIS and MI were 2.27, 0.95, 1.82 and 1.81, respectively. 6) The course of cracks due to indentation force showed a linear pattern of intra-granular fracture. 7) The cracks were revealed to show median cracks by fractography.
The changes appeared in the developing dentin and enamel of rat upper incisor after single intraperiotoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (4-8mg/100g body weight) were investigated histologically and microradiographically. 1) Changes appeared immediately after the injection were karyolysis, necrosis and intercellular accumulation of tissue fluid in the preodontoblast layer at the cell proliferating stage and its neighboring pulp tissue, however, no particular change was observed in the adjacent inner enamel epithelium cells. Those changes were more prominent in the labial side than the lingual side and expanded their range with time after the injection and then were replaced gradually by the fibroblasts proliferated. 2) Changes appeared in the dentin secondarily were as follows: a. Hypoplasia of dentin made by the odontoblasts which were at the stage of cell differentiation at the time of the injection. This is probably due to early cessation of dentinoplastic activity. b. Hypoplasia of the dentin induced by the odontoblasts which were at the stage of cell proliferation at the time of the injection. This change was induced by odontoblasts recovered from the changes described in 1). c. Hypomineralization appeared in the dentin which places more incisally than the site of change a and have commenced its matrix formation after the injection. This change did not accompany hypoplasia. d. Slight hypoplasia appeared at the basal side of change b. This change was made by the odontoblasts proliferated after the injection. With time after the injection, "niche" formation became observable at the pulpal surface of dentin due to hypoplasias mentioned above. 3) Osteodentin formation became appear secondarily and expanded its range in the pulp adjacent to the portion of the changes described in 2). Early cessation of dentin described in b and c of 2) is due to cell dysfunction occurred by pressure induced by osteodentin formation. 4) At the developing enamel adjacent to the hypoplastic dentin, no particular change was observed in the progressive mineralization pattern, although distortion of contour of surface or slight hypoplasia were observed.
The present study consists of a clinical and histopathological analysis of those cases which were diagnosed as multiple primary malignant neoplasms of the oral-maxillofacial region and the other organs. 9 patients of those multiple primary malignant neoplasms out of 261 patients of malignant neoplasms in the oral-maxillofacial region, who visited in out department from 1975 to 1986, were detected. 3.4% of the incidence rate was calculated. All the cases were male, and these included each 1 case of triple and quadruple. 7 cases were detected prior in the oral-maxillofacial region to the other organs. There seemed to be a preponderance to early detection of a neoplasm in the oral-maxillofacial region. Therefore, the possibility of multiple primary malignant neoplasms should be kept in mind in the routine clinical activities. 2 cases were synchronous, 6 months or less interval between the first and the second neoplasms, the others were metachronous, averaged 5-year interval. The primary sites in the oral-maxillofacial region were tongue (3 cases), floor of the mouth (2), buccal mucosa (2), lower gingiva (1), maxillary sinus (1), all of them were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinomas, histopathologically. The other organs were esophagus (3 cases), stomach (2), colon (2), lung (2), liver (1), urinary bladder (1), hypopharynx (1). Histopathological diagnoses of them were squamous cell carcinomas (3 cases of esophagus, each 1 case of lung, urinary bladder, and hypopharynx), adenocarcinomas (2 cases of stomach and colon, and 1 case of lung), and a hepatoma. It's necessary to differentiate the multiple primary malignant neoplasms from metastases when each of them were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinomas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Eight hundred and fifty two cases, who were introduced from the Dental Hospital to Department of Internal medicine, Medical Hospital at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, were examined for medical complications. About one hundred and fifty cases were introduced per year from the Dental Hospital, which consisted of about 15% of the total outpatients in the Department of Internal medicine. The age distribution showed a high incidence of patients in their 50's. The number of patients over 60 years old was 220 (25.8%), and the number of patients over 65 years old was 160 (18.8%). There was then a high percentage of elder patients. The reason for the initial medical examinations was the need for a pre-operative medical examination in 42.6% of the total cases. Concerning medical complications among the patients, the highest incidence was hypertension in 116 cases (13.6%); the second highest was hepato-biliary and pancreatic diseases in 114 cases (13.4%); and heart diseases in 81 cases (9.5%). Eighteen cases of HBs antigen positive (2.1%) were seen among the patients with liver diseases. Among those with blood diseases, anemia showed the highest incidence, and a small number had leukemia and hemophilia. Diabetes mellitus showed up in 39 cases (4.6%), most of them being more than 40 years of age. Mentally and physically handicapped patients accounted for 30 cases. Half of them were from the pre-operative examination area, like tooth extraction.
Material resistance to brittle fracture was quantitatively evaluated in the commercial porcelains, CERA 8 (CE 8), VITA DUR (VITD), VITA VMK 68 (VIT), CERAMCO II (CE II), UNIBOND (UNB), NORITAKE SUPER PORCELAIN AAA (AAA), PENCRAFT (FEN), COSMOTECH (COM) and OPTEC HSP OPT) from values of fracture toughness (KIC) obtained in the crack on a mode I, determined upon insertion of Vickers indenter. The results are summarized as follows: 1) Mean maximum and minimum values of Vickers hardness degree of 9 kinds of commercial porcelains at 5kgf of load for 15s were 1348 (SD 98.1) for OPT abd 666 (SD 74.6) for CE 8, respectively. 2) The value of half of the diagonal of indentation (a) ranged from 42 (SD 1.5) to 58 (SD 3.3) microns, and that of half of the crack length (c) ranged from 101 (SD 4.0) to 175 (SD 17.2) microns. 3) The ratio of (c) to (a) (c/a ratio) was within the range of 2.3 to 3.3, and median cracks were present. 4) KIC in the commercial porcelains determined by the indentation method was within the range of 2.04 to 4.69MNm-3/2, showing a maximum for OPT and minimum for VITD. 5) KIC of OPT was significantly greater than that of any other material. 6) The porcelains were divided by fractography of the direction of crack course into 2 groups: a group of intra-granular fracture showing linear cracks (AAA, COM and OPT) and a group of Inter-granular fracture showing a range of non-linear cracks (CE 8, VITD, VIT, CE II, UNB ND PEN).
This experimental study was performed to obtain fundamental data for the development of highly reinforced calcium phosphate crystalline ceramics (CPCC) by evaluation of fracture toughness by adding a single metal oxide such as B2O3, Na2O, Li2O, SiO2, MgO and Al2O3, which are thought to solidify and reinforce ceramics. In experiment I, values of fracture toughness for CPCC to which each oxide was added were determined by indentation method, and in experiment II dynamic test method by repeated loading was studied. The results are summarized as follows: 1) One half (a) of the diagonal of indentation was increased with an increase in indentation load, and the test fragment of CPCC with 4.7 mol% Na2O added at 10kgf of indentation load showed the maximum diagonal of indentation (145 microns), while the test fragment of CPCC containing 3.0mol% Al2O3 showed the minimum value (29 microns) at 1kgf. 2) One half (c) of the crack length was increased with an increase in indentation load, and the test fragment of CPCC containing 4.7mol% Li2O showed the maximum crack length (411 microns) at 10kgf, while the test fragment of CPCC with 4.7mol% B2O3 showed the minimum value (55 microns) at 1kgf. 3) The maximum value (2.98MNm-3/2) of fracture toughness (KIC) was observed in CPCC containing 4.7mol% B2O3 at 10kgf, while the minimum (1.02MNm-3/2) was observed in CPCC with 4.7mol% Li2O added, at 5kgf. 4) (a) was increased with an increase in the number of repetitions of loading, showing the maximum value (111 microns) for a test fragment at 10kgf with 100 repetitions and the minimum (31 microns) for a test fragment at 1kgf with just 1 repetition. 5) (c) was increased with an increase in the number of repetitions of loading, showing the maximum value (337 microns) for a test fragment at 10kgf with 100 repetitions and the minimum (64 microns) for a test fragment at 1kgf with 1 repetition. 6) KIC reached a maximum value (2.35MNm-3/2) at 5kgf and 1 of the repetition, and a minimum (1.54MNm-3/2) at 3kgf and 10 repetitions of loading.
A clinical review was performed on patients who requested implantation and visited the Nippon Dental University Hospital during the five years from April 1985 to June 1990. This report describes patient characteristics and treatment results. 1. The total number of new patients was 127 (68 males and 59 females). Their ages ranged from 20 to 80 years. 2. The number of patients who were diagnosed with an indication for implantation and completed the 1st stage operation was 39 (30.7%). An additional 23 patients (18.1%) entered preoperative treatment and are waiting for their operation. Overall, implantation was indicated in 48.8% of all new patients. 3. The ages of patients at fixture installation ranged from 20 to 79 years (mean 60.54, S.D. 11.21) among the 39 patients (20 males and 19 females) who completed the 1st stage operation. As for the number of jaws, implantation was indicated in 40 jaws (21 in male patients and 19 in females). Maxillary implants were indicated in 8 jaws and mandibular implants were indicated in 32 jaws (1 male patient had indications in both jaws). 4. The total number of implanted fixtures was 198, of which 39 were installed in the maxilla, and 159 in the mandible (1 female patient was 5 mandibular fixtures installed at the University of British Columbia, Canada). 5. Of the fixtures implanted in 40 jaws, 94.9% of maxillary fixtures and 98.1% of mandibular fixtures remained stable after the 1st stage operation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Facial asymmetry is usually manifested in mandibular prognathism. This is probably because of the intervention of masticatory muscles in some way or another. Functional factors of masticatory muscles are also believed to be responsible for the relapse of facial disharmony even after surgical orthodontic treatment. In the present study, cephalometric analysis was made on a total of 43 patients with mandibular prognathism. The functional activity of their masticatory muscles was measured quantitatively by using electromyography. The data thus obtained were analyzed with respect to their bearings on the morphological points of reference given on posteroanterior cephalogram. Our findings are as follows: 1) At the time of maximal clenching with a bite splint, differences in the activity of left and right masseter muscles had a significantly positive correlation with the deviations from the point Menton on the frontal image, and a significantly negative correlation with the angles of the mandibular ramus to the median line on the frontal view. However, no relation was established between the activity of the masseter muscles and that of the temporal muscles on either side. 2) At the time of maximal clenching in central occlusion, differences in the activities of the masseter muscles on both sides were significantly and positively correlated with the deviations from the point Menton on the frontal image, and significantly and negatively correlated with the angles of the mandibular ramus to the median line. Also a negative correlation was noted between the differences in the activity of temporal muscles on both sides and the deviations from the point Menton. 3) These results suggest that the larger the deflection of the mandible, the larger the activity of the masseter muscle on the deflective side.
With a view to modifying the respective behaviors of patient, protector and operator so that a relationship of reliability can be established among them, we have adopted the training for dental treatment in the medical care system for handicapped children. We took this opportunity to classify the present handling methods at the practice of medical care into 4 groups (A, B-1, B-2, C) and to examine the training effect in each group and its features. [Method] On 145 patients having received treatment in the Dental Center for the Handicapped Children in our Hospital, number of patients by group, average age at the first examination, average training frequencies before and after treatment, average treating frequency, behavior in the training and relationship between each group and the disorder were examined for the card. [Results] 1) About 40% of the subjects for examination became capable of receiving treatment without any controlling appliance before the final treatment. 2) Average training frequency and average treating frequency had higher values of B-1 group than for other groups. 3) Behavioral estimation during the training revealed that A and B-1 groups showed better performance in mouth washing, brushing and cleaning by brushing than B-2 group, but the case was the contrary with oral use of three-way syringe and the vacuum. [Conclusion] Application of various behavior-modifying techniques to the training for dental treatment in children with psychosomatic disorder made its effect and features.
The three-dimensional structure of the connective tissue core (CTC) of the four types of lingual papillae of the crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis) was studied by scanning electron microscopy after removal of the epithelial cell layer by long-term treatment with hydrochloric acid at room temperature and compared with the results obtained from light microscopy. 1) Filiform papillae are densely distributed on the dorsal surface of the anterior two thirds of the tongue. Fungiform papillae are scattered among these filiform papillae, and are numerous at the anterior margin of the tongue. The connective tissue core of each filiform papilla looked like a lifting human hand with its palm towards the tongue tip. By using light microscopy, AF-positive elastic fibers were accumurated very densely just beneath the basal region of the anterior column epithelium of each filiform papilla. 2) CTC of fungiform papilla showed coralliform structure whose branches were ramified a few times. On the top of each branch there was a small depression where a taste bud was situated. 3) After removal of the epithelial cell layer of the foliate papilla, longitudinal grooves coinciding with the epithelial slits were observed. Some glandular ducts were seen protruding towards the exfoliated epithelium. 4) After removal of the covering epithelium of the vallate papilla, numerous small rod-shaped secondary CT cores appeared on the large primary CT core.
In the present study, the effect of dexamethasone on MC3T3-E1 cells, a strain of osteoblasts derived from mouse cranial bone, was determined. The following results were obtained. 1) Dexamethasone showed dose-dependent suppression of the growth of MC3T3-E1 cells at concentration of 1 microgram/ml or more. 2) The alkaline phosphatase activity was increased 12, 24, and 48 hours after treatment with dexamethasone at 1, 10 or 30 micrograms/ml. The activity was highest at 48 hours, the level being 311% of the control value at a dose of 10 micrograms/ml. When dexamethasone at a dose of 60 micrograms/ml or more was used, the activity was increased at 12 hours, but was lower than the control at 48 hours. 3) Synthesis of collagenous protein was facilitated after 24-hour treatment with dexamethasone at 1, 10 or 30 micrograms/ml. In particular, the level of synthesis was highest, 232% of the control value, at 10 micrograms/ml. Such synthesis, however, was suppressed at a dose of 60 micrograms/ml or more. 4) Synthesis of collagenous protein was facilitated by 48-hour treatment with dexamethasone at a dose of 1 or 10 micrograms/ml and suppressed at a dose of 30 micrograms/ml or more. 5) Microscopic observation of stained preparations revealed that dexamethasone caused vacuolar degeneration, deep staining of the nucleus, and pyknosis at 60, 150, and 200 micrograms/ml, respectively.
Elemental analysis of plaque-like black deposits noted on the surface of teeth in zinc-deficient rats at necropsy was performed. Rats deficient in zinc show signs of abnormality in iron metabolism and increase or accumulation of iron in plasma and tissues. This study was designed, therefore, to examine the plasma and salivary levels of iron and other elements and to determine the distribution of mineral elements in the dental substances of zinc-deficient rats by contact microradiography, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray fluorescent element mapping spectrometry (XEMS) on ground sections of teeth. Rat tooth specimens were analyzed also for zinc, iron, copper and manganese using colorimetry and Inductively Coupled Plasma, ICP. EPMA and XEMS analyses revealed the presence of iron on the enamel surface of maxillary molars teeth of zinc-deficient rats. However, no such deposition was seen on those of controls. The zinc-deficient rats showed higher iron concentration in mixed saliva and in plasma, compared with the controls. Thus, the sign of abnormality in iron metabolism noted in the oral cavity of zinc-deficient rats was investigated by EPMA and XEMS analyses, with discussion on the origin of supradental iron deposits.
Search was made using quantification method of the first and second type to search the factors affecting the frequency of training, and to estimate it. The following conclusions were led; 1. Factors giving large effect on the decision of the frequency of training were 'Frankl classification', 'ages at the initial examination' and 'if children have any experience of dental treatment or not'. 2. With the factors concerned with educational environments including mothers, 'number of brothers and sisters', 'mother's educational history' and 'if mothers works or not' showed high correlation. 3. Among the factors concerned with character analysis, 'emotional stability' 'if children can control themselves or not' gave much effect. 4. As the factors to estimate the frequency of training, the reliable factors include 'Frankl classification', 'ages at initial examination', and 'sexes'. 5. With the factors concerned with educational environments including mothers, 'mother's educational history', 'number of brothers and sisters' 'birth order' were highly reliable. 6. With the factors concerned with character analysis, 'emotional stability', 'if children fants are degenerative or productive' showed high reliability. 7. Multiple correlation coefficient for all the 27 factors was 0.823, which was found to be highly reliable for the estimation of the frequency of training.
With the objective of making clear the oral health condition of chronic disable elderlies and thereby obtaining information for oral hygiene education and dental treatment, 77 elderlies in a special elderly nursing home attached to a private general hospital in Niigata Prefecture were studied by an interview/questionnaire method and dental examination. The following results were obtained. (1) Their mean age was 82.0 years. The major causes of chronic disability were diseases of the cerebral blood vessel and these diseases accounted for 54.5% of all diseases. The mean period of their chronic disability was 9 years. (2) 49.4% (38 persons) of them was edentulous, and 47.9% (18 persons) of them was using complete denture. (3) The average number of present teeth was 4.6 in all persons, while it was 9.0 in dentulous persons, and 3.3 of which were residual roots. (4) Salivary occult blood reaction test was positive in 87.2% in the dentulous persons and 34.2% in edentulous persons. (5) Simplified culture test using STOMASTAT was negative in 48.4% and positive in 51.6% of persons using a denture. (6) The above results indicated that dental diseases of chronic disable elderlies are not treated appropriately. This study revealed importance of dental examination, oral hygiene education and initial treatment in middle-aged and older persons.
With the purpose of studying the influence of enamel acid etching technique, and the effectiveness of a strengthening of tooth enamel by silicahydro gel method, the following groups were compared, analyzed and observed by the measurements of diffracted X-ray from thin layer specimens and by microarea X-ray diffraction from an X-ray crystallographic point of view. Group I: non-treated tooth enamel Group II: acid-etched tooth enamel Group III: tooth enamel by application of silicahydro gel method after being acid etched. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Qualitative analyses by the measurements of diffracted X-ray from thin layer specimens 1) Ca5(PO4)3F, Ca5F (PO4)3 and Ca3(PO4)2.xH2O were detected in every group, and Ca3(PO4)2.xH2O demonstrated a high reliable value in group III. 2) In comparison with groups I and II, group III clearly revealed a peak shift toward high angle side, however, a halo peak was not recognized in every group. 3) As a result of evaluating crystallinity, crystallinity became favorable in order of group II, group I and group III. 4) A-axis lattice constant shortened in order of group II greater than group I greater than group III, and c-axis lattice constant shortened in order of group II greater than group I = group III. 2. Qualitative analyses by microarea X-ray diffraction 1) Solid solution of Ca5(PO4)3F and Ca5(PO4)3(OH) proved to exist in every group and in each microarea. 2) A halo peak appeared in group II and showed the trend of disappearance in group III, however, no peak shift was observed in all groups. From the foregoing results, the loss of the utmost enamel surface layer exhibiting high crystallinity and the lowering of crystallinity by acid etching technique were revealed from an X-ray crystallographic point of view and furthermore if silicahydro gel method was applied, it was suggested that enamel would be restored or that crystallinity would be enhanced.
The term "esthetics" has recently been also used in the dental field, and a field called esthetic dentistry is increasingly being noted. The number of not only adult but also pediatric patients who visit for treatment aiming at esthetic recovery is being increased. Inpedodontics, composite resin of the coronal color is generally used in the restoration of deciduous incisors. However, the method using metal crowns for the deciduous teeth is used for the deciduous molars at present. We applied a composite resin jacket crown to the deciduous molar in a way similar to that of esthetic crown restoration for the anterior teeth. The surgical procedure before crown preparation varied slightly according to the presence or absence of pulpal treatment of vital teeth and with non-vital teeth, but the application was performed as follows: 1) Desensitization of pulp, pulpal treatment and core construction. 2) Preparation of crown. 3) Selection, trial set and occlusal equilibration of a metal crown for the deciduous tooth. 4) Precision impression with a silicone impression material. 5) Removal of the metal crown for the deciduous tooth from the impression material. 6) Making of an under-cut to the abutment tooth on the buccal lingual side. 7) Filling of the impression with chemical polymerization resin. 8) Application of pressure in the oral cavity. 9) Adjustment of edge and crown forms. Thus, the preparation method for the composite resin jacket crown was relatively simple. Since this surgery, the patient has been followed up for 1 year and 6 months, and no specifically troublesome points have been observed clinically. The patient and her parents are satisfied with the results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), a commonly used plasticizer, induces peroxisome proliferation in liver cells and hepatocellular carcinomas in rodents. To study possible mechanisms for DEHP-associated cancer, we have measured induction of morphological transformation, chromosome aberrations, and peroxisome proliferation of cultured Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells. Molphological transformation was weakly induced by treatment with DEHP. The transformation frequency of DEHP was enhanced in the presence of rat liver postmitochondrial supernatant. DEHP induced chromosome aberrations in the cells only in the presence of exogenous metabolic activation. Clofibrate, a widely used hypolipidemic drug, failed to induce morphological transformation or chromosome aberrations. Treatment with [4-chloro-6-(2, 3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio]acetic acid (Wy-14, 643), which is a more potent carcinogen than DEHP or clofibrate, elicited a lower frequency of morphological transformation than DEHP in the presence of exogenous metabolic activation. Similar levels of peroxisome proliferation, as determined by an intensity of diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining, were observed in cultures treated for 2 hr with DEHP, clofibrate or Wy-14, 643. The results suggest a possible involvement of genetic damage by DEHP metabolites in induction of transformation of SHE cells. No clear relationship between inductions of peroxisome proliferation and cell transformation was observed.
Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) were isolated from Treponema denticola (T. denticola) and Treponema vincentii (T. vincentii) by the phenol/water (PW) and the phenol/chloroform/petroleum-ether (PCP) procedures. 1) T. denticola PW-LPS (LPS isolated by the PW procedure), PCP-sup-LPS (LPS isolated by the PCP procedure in the supernates of ultracentrifugation), PCP-ppt-LPS (precipitated LPS isolated by the PCP procedure, obtained after ultracentrifugation), and T. vincentii PCP-ppt-LPS were composed of carbohydrate, hexosamine, protein, fatty acid, and phosphorus. T. vincentii PW-LPS was contained major amount of carbohydrates and small amount of fatty acids. 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDD) was not detected in these LPSs. 2) The major fatty acids of T. denticola PW-LPS and PCP-sup-LPS were palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids. The major fatty acids of T. vincentii PCP-ppt-LPS were palmitic, stearic, myristic, oleic, and linoleic acids. Hydroxy fatty acids were not detected. 3) Glucose, galactose, and mannose were comprised in T. denticola PW-LPS. Glucose, galactose, and arabinose were comprised in T. denticola PCP-sup-LPS. Glucose and galactose were comprised in T. vincentii PCP-ppt-LPS. 4) The Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) clotting activity of T. denticola PW-LPS was 1/10, as compared with that of Escherichia coli (E. coli) UKT-B LPS standard. The LAL clotting activities of T. denticola PCP-sup-LPS, T. vincentii PW-LPS, and T. vincentii PCP-ppt-LPS were 1/100, as compared with that of E. coli LPS standard. 5) Five hundred micrograms/kg of T. denticola PCP-sup-LPS was pyrogenic in rabbits. Two thousand micrograms/kg of T. vincentii PCP-ppt-LPS was pyrogenic in rabbits. 6) T. denticola PCP-sup-LPS and T. vincentii PCP-ppt-LPS were capable of increasing or decreasing the release of lysosomal enzymes from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.