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This study investigated intergenerational differences in the interpretation of smiley emoji in response to literal and sarcastic statements. Younger (aged 18-30) and older (over 60) adults evaluated each emoji in terms of perceived attitude, friendliness, politeness, and appropriateness across contexts. Significant intergenerational differences emerged for smiley emoji with complex cues, but not for simple ones. Specifically, older adults tended to favor literal interpretations, viewing the smile emoji as genuine and more pleasant and the trick as fake and less pleasant. In contrast, younger adults, more attuned to innovative and conventionalized uses shaped by youth subcultures, displayed the opposite pattern. These findings suggest that older adults' positivity effect in emoji recognition may depend on emoji complexity. Context also influenced emoji interpretation. Across both groups, positive or superficially positive emoji were often judged as appropriate responses to sarcastic statements, serving to downplay negative emotions and manage face in line with emotional display rules in digital communication. Overall, this study highlights that youth subcultures shape the pragmatic functions and interpretations of smiley emoji, with intergenerational variation further moderated by emoji complexity and contextual factors.
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Aging and increased life expectancy generate growing challenges for end-of-life care in old age, particularly in rural contexts marked by territorial and health inequalities. From the perspective of gerontological geography and the notions of autonomy and agency of older adults, this study aims to generate an understanding of end-of-life as a lived experience from the subjective worlds of and with the people involved. To this end, a qualitative study, with an ethnographic approach and case study strategy, was conducted in the Los Lagos Region of Chile between 2022 and 2023. This included semi-structured interviews and ethnographic observation of rural older adults in the end-of-life stages, their caregivers, and rural health teams. The results show that remaining at home is a central desire and organizes care, sustained primarily by feminized family networks and rural primary care. The home becomes a space of care, and health teams play a key role in providing clinical and relational support at the end-of-life. It is concluded that end-of-life care in rural areas requires territorial approaches that recognize autonomy in old age and the structural inequalities of these processes. El envejecimiento y aumento de la esperanza de vida generan desafíos crecientes para los cuidados de fin de vida en la vejez, particularmente en contextos rurales marcados por desigualdades territoriales y sanitarias. Desde la geografía gerontológica, y las nociones de autonomía y agencia de las personas mayores, este estudio se propone generar una comprensión del fin de vida como experiencia vital desde los mundos subjetivos de y con las personas implicadas. Para ello, se realizó un estudio cualitativo, de enfoque etnográfico y estrategia de estudio de caso, en la Región de Los Lagos, Chile, entre 2022 y 2023, que incluyó entrevistas semiestructuradas y observación etnográfica a personas mayores rurales en etapas de fin de vida, las personas cuidadoras y los equipos de salud rural. Los resultados muestran que la permanencia en el hogar constituye un deseo central y organiza los cuidados, sostenidos principalmente por redes familiares feminizadas y por la atención primaria rural. El hogar se transforma en un espacio de cuidado y los equipos de salud cumplen un rol clave en acompañamiento clínico y relacional del fin de vida. Se concluye que los cuidados de fin de vida en la ruralidad requieren enfoques territoriales que reconozcan autonomía en la vejez y las desigualdades estructurales de estos procesos.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recommended contact precautions for healthcare personnel caring for COVID-19 patients since the beginning of the pandemic. However, current scientific evidence points to transmission through small respiratory droplets or aerosols and not contaminated fomites as the dominant routes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We believe science shows there is no benefit and thus only negative consequences to patients, the environment, and the U.S healthcare system associated with ongoing contact precautions for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and we advocate for updated guidelines reflecting current science.
This Medical News article discusses a US Department of Health and Human Services initiative to reduce the prescribing of medications to treat psychiatric disorders.
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A Congolese mining town gripped by fear saw hundreds of deaths before the outbreak was declared on 15 May.
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Water immersion for labour and birth supports physiological birth and positive birth experiences. Larger-bodied women experience more complications from obstetric interventions yet are often denied access to water immersion. To explore larger-bodied women's experiences of trying to access water immersion for labour and birth in Australia. This qualitative sub-study draws on data from the RADIANT study, a consumer-led project exploring weight-inclusive maternity care. Using an online Photovoice method, 65 participants shared images and narratives in moderated discussion groups and virtual workshops. Data related to water immersion for labour and birth were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Four themes were identified: 1) "Because your body mass index (BMI) is too high"; 2) "Rugs frequently pulled out"; 3) "No input or final say"; and 4) "Little energy left to fight". Findings reveal that BMI-based restrictions and inconsistent clinical practices undermine autonomy and equitable access to the effective pain relief offered through water immersion for labour and birth. Women reported emotional distress, reduced trust in care, and challenges self-advocating in a system that often pathologises their larger bodies. Larger-bodied women value access to water immersion for pain relief during labour and birth but face systemic barriers. A shift toward weight-inclusive individualised care is needed to support informed choice and respectful maternity care.
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This Medical News article discusses the American Heart Association’s new scientific statement on dietary guidance to improve cardiovascular health.
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