Esquizofrenia é uma doença crônica, de natureza multifatorial, prevalente em 1% da população mundial. O tratamento é realizado com antipsicóticos convencionais ou atípicos. A evolução no tratamento da esquizofrenia se deu com os antipsicóticos atípicos, pois eles oferecem menos efeitos e permitem uma atuação simultânea sobre os sintomas positivos e negativos da doença. Esses fármacos são usados tanto para o controle da esquizofrenia quanto de outras psicopatologias, por exemplo, o Transtorno Afetivo Bipolar (CID F31). As bulas dos medicamentos antipsicóticos alertam para o cuidado ao utilizar o medicamento em pacientes diabéticos ou que apresentem risco de desenvolver a diabetes, sendo recomendado o monitoramento glicêmico de tais pacientes. Em decorrência desse efeito, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um levantamento de informações a respeito do desenvolvimento de diabetes, em decorrência do uso de antipsicóticos atípicos para o tratamento de esquizofrenia, transtornos esquizotípicos, transtornos delirantes e outros transtornos que se assemelham à esquizofrenia. Essa é uma pesquisa descritiva, de análise quantitativa, com ênfase em dados bibliográficos e pesquisa de campo, na qual foram coletados dados, por meio de prontuários, com pacientes de área de abrangência do centro de atenção psicossocial (CAPS II), da cidade de Maringá-PR. Os resultados encontrados por meio desse estudo foram os efeitos colaterais dos fármacos, sua relação com idade, gênero, posologia e tempo de uso. Além disso, pode-se perceber a influência multifatorial para o desenvolvimento de outras comorbidades. Com isso, é possível contribuir para orientações adequadas, enfatizando os malefícios que a administração inadequada desses medicamentos pode gerar.
Introdução: A terapia com anticoagulantes orais é o esquema terapêutico complexo para a prevenção de eventos tromboembólicos. Atualmente, com todas as exigências para melhoria da qualidade assistencial e diminuição de custos na atual demanda de desenvolvimento de pesquisa, faz necessário intervenções multiprofissionais com componentes educativos para auxiliar no manejo da TACO. No âmbito da contribuição da enfermagem, a utilização de linguagem padronizada pode auxiliar enfermeiros de diferentes contextos e nacionalidades para que assim possam atuar respaldados em evidências. Objetivos: identificar na literatura as intervenções em saúde dentro da terapia e estratificá-las com nível de evidência e mapear as ações de enfermagem encontradas na literatura as intervenções/atividades propostas pela Nursing Interventions Classification. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa, seguido de mapeamento cruzado, através da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, que trará artigos do IBECS, LILACS, BDENF e MEDLINE. Para realização do mapeamento cruzado foram utilizadas as regras adaptadas, baseadas em Lucena e Barros (2005). Resultados: Foram selecionados 16 artigos conforme fluxograma PRISMA, com dados sociodemográficos e nível de evidência. As intervenções para adesão foram agrupadas em grupos: educação, autogestão e tratamento diretamente observados, com o mapeamento realizado de acordo com o Nursing Interventions Classification. Conclusão: As intervenções incluem questões educacionais, de autogerenciamento e tratamento diretamente observado a fim de promover a adesão do paciente dentro da terapia, para isso as evidências apontam para o tratamento em centros especializados que por sua vez despendem da utilização de m-health, pill boxes, recursos áudio visuais, cartilhas, consultas voltadas para as particularidades do paciente.
O presente trabalho aborda sobre a dispensação de medicamentos, em especial psicotrópicos, dentro da Penitenciária de Segurança Máxima de Cariri do Tocantins, conhecida como Centro de Reeducação Social Luz do Amanhã. O consumo de benzodiazepínicos, antidepressivos, neurolépticos entre outras classes de psicotrópicos dentro de unidades prisionais dá-se devido a fatores ligados ao histórico do próprio indivíduo, transtornos psíquicos, além das condições dentro do ambiente do sistema prisional, caracterizados na maior parte das vezes por serem insalubres, apresentarem riscos e precariedade. A metodologia utilizada foi tabular os dados por meio do software Excel 2013, tendo como variáveis cinco classes medicamentosas prescritas dentro da instituição (antidepressivo, anti-histamínico, antiepilépticos, benzodiazepínicos e neurolépticos) e o período entre 2021 e 2022. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os antidepressivos e benzodiazepínicos obtiveram um aumento percentual de respectivamente 71% e 121% dentro do período da coleta de dados. Desse modo, tem-se o uso de dessas drogas lícitas como forma de amenizar sofrimentos psíquicos, dar continuidade a tratamentos de transtornos mentais comuns dentro de unidades prisionais, mas também com fins que vão além do uso terapêutico, servindo para autonomia do sujeito.
Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar distintas dimensiones del estigma social en mujeres reclusas en proceso de semilibertad, a partir de diferentes variables relacionadas con las trayectorias previas a prisión y la actualidad, las percepciones y realidades del estigma y, las valoraciones de las consecuencias en la vida. La investigación ha empleado métodos cuantitativos, con una muestra de 310 mujeres reclusas y 66 profesionales penitenciarios, en 31 centros penitenciarios españoles mediante un cuestionario mixto. Los resultados muestran una autopercepción inicial favorable socialmente y respecto a su reinserción, cuestión que contrasta con la opinión de los profesionales del medio que relacionan el estigma social con las dificultades de la reinserción; siendo las mujeres con problemas de salud mental las que peor se autoperciben y las de etnia gitana las que mejor autopercepción presentan. Los datos presentan el estigma relacionado a la condición de reclusión y sus afecciones en la reinserción, lo cual aumenta los procesos de discriminación, estigmatización, marginación y exclusión. Sin embargo, es alentador la asunción del delito cometido en aquellas que han realizado programas, lo cual evidencia la importancia y necesidad de una intervención socioeducativa en el contexto penitenciario y en el acompañamiento que favorezca la reinserción social.
Este trabajo presenta resultados del proyecto de investigación orientada “Vida cotidiana y acceso a derechos en la cárcel. Trazas de sentidos”, cuyo objetivo central fue profundizar en el conocimiento y análisis de las condiciones de la vida diaria de las cárceles de la zona centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Con un corte cualitativo, se propuso identificar y caracterizar las trazas en la construcción subjetiva de las personas que asisten a los programas académicos y de extensión de la Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires como modo de valorar la presencia y tarea de la universidad en este territorio. Como tema emergente, se identificaron aspectos vinculados al acceso al trabajo en la detención y su proyección al regreso a la vida en libertad.
BACKGROUND: The Scale of Externalizing Problem Behaviors in Adults (SEPBA) was developed as a hybrid psychometric instrument designed to assess both dimensional traits and categorical diagnoses associated with externalizing psychopathology. Based on an integrative operational framework drawing on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) model, the SEPBA assesses 15 traits/facets and 6 disorders within the domains of antagonism and disinhibition. METHODS: The present study analyzed the psychometric properties of the SEPBA in a combined community and prisoner sample (n = 922). The final version of the SEPBA included 144 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale. Reliability (α, ω), item discrimination, convergent/discriminant validity, confirmatory factor analyses, and gender measurement invariance were examined. RESULTS: The results indicated adequate item discrimination and internal consistency across all scales. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the unidimensionality of the individual scales and the hypothesized hierarchical organization of traits and facets. Gender invariance of the measure was demonstrated. In addition, evidence of convergent and discriminant validity was provided through correlations with external measures. CONCLUSION: The findings support the SEPBA as a suitable assessment instrument. Its hybrid structure offers an integrative approach to transdiagnostic assessment, enhancing both the clinical utility of categorical diagnoses and the empirical applicability of dimensional profiles for assessing externalizing behaviors in adults.
Background: The total estimates of people living with depression have increased by 2% from 2005 to 2015. Depression cases can be managed by screening for depression that has good validity. Purpose: This study aims to assess the validity of a depression screening instrument and provide suggestions for the development of depression screening programs. Methods: This study used an analytic observational study and the design study was a cross- sectional approach. The data were analyzed and presented in a descriptive manner. The sample size was 57 adolescents in senior high school. This screening used The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) questionnaire for instrument screening and Zung Self Depression Scale (SDS) questionnaire for gold standard. The screening was performed with interviews according to questionnaire guideline. The final screening evaluation was conducted by a psychologist. Results: The interview conducted using the screening instrument guideline gathered 47 respondents (82.46%) who have the tendency of depression and the gold standard showed 1 respondent (1.75%) who has the tendency of depression, while the prevalence based on the gold standard was 1.75%. The results of the validity test showed sensitivity 1 (100%), specifications 0.17 (17.85%), negative predictions 1 (100%), and positive predictions of 0.02 (2.12%). Conclusion: The validity result of screening instrument is not good enough. The weakness of this study is the results cannot be applied widely
BACKGROUND: The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) recognizes communication accessibility as a fundamental human right. Communication plays a key role in facilitating belonging, sharing and engaging with communities, allowing individuals to connect and forge relationships. Communication is fundamental to well-being and building a sense of self and identity, as well as establishing and maintaining social roles and vocation. Those with communication disabilities or differences can face many barriers to social participation, inclusion and potential financial implications. AIMS: This integrative review explores policy, practices and guidelines that support communication access of adults with communication disabilities and differences in selected English-speaking countries with UNCRPD-ratified status and well-established speech and language therapy services. METHODS: An integrative review of the literature was undertaken. A systematic search of the published, peer-reviewed literature was conducted for empirical research, and a manual search was undertaken to obtain policy, practice, or guidelines, to support communication access at a sectoral/service or community level. A multi-scalar approach situates the findings within several contexts: international law, national legislation and policy, professional guidelines and evidence from local/national projects. MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS: A multi-scalar map was developed that positions the findings on communication access within the included countries (Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand), across local/national programmes and projects (n = 11), professional body and civil society guidance, regional/national legislation and policy specific to communication access and finally the international normative instrument of the UNCRPD. The findings indicate that communication accessibility is recognised as a fundamental human right, but signatory states are required to take appropriate measures to ensure access to information and communication for persons with disabilities. National legislation, policy and practice need further scrutiny in this regard. CONCLUSIONS: This review examines the complex phenomenon of communication access for people with communication disabilities and differences. The findings of this review can inform and shape practice with regard to communication accessibility as well as support advocacy efforts and future research in this area. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on the subject Communication accessibility is a fundamental human right. It can be characterized by the respectful and responsive treatment of individuals with communication disabilities and differences, along with the implementation of strategies and resources and the adaptation of environments, process and systems to facilitate effective communication. What this paper adds to existing knowledge A multi-scalar map was developed that situates the findings on communication access within the included countries (Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand), across local/national programmes and projects (n = 11), professional body and civil society guidance, regional/national legislation and policies specific to communication access, and finally the international normative instrument of the UNCRPD. There is a lack of a shared understanding of communication access within empirical research, policy and local and national guidelines across the included countries. In addition, the focus on the right to communication is addressed more explicitly in some groups (and country contexts) than others. What are the practical and clinical implications of this work? This review highlights how multimodal communication is important for accessible communication. Co-design can also be harnessed to enhance communication access. The review provides an integrated set of data (empirical research, policy and guidelines) that can be used in future research, practice development and advocacy.
Delinquency in adolescence is rooted in a complex multifaceted system that comprises several factors such as personal characteristics, family, school, peers, and community, all of which are embedded in the sociocultural context in which they are present. There is a paucity of research on juvenile delinquency and its risk factors across many regions, especially low- and middle-income countries, including Arab countries. This study aimed to develop an understanding of the personal, familial, and behavioral characteristics of Arab juvenile delinquents in the distinctive sociocultural context of Jordan. All juveniles who were incarcerated at the time of data collection (N = 197) were targeted using a convenience sampling approach from a total of 11 juvenile rehabilitation centers distributed over the northern, middle, and southern regions of the country. Anonymous surveys were used to collect data on juvenile delinquents’ personal, familial, psychosocial, and behavioral characteristics. A total of 186 juvenile delinquents completed the study questionnaire (9.7% females). About 52% were not attending school regularly, 32% had divorced, separated, or deceased parents, 6% reported receiving a diagnosis of mental illness, and 91% reported they never sought psychological support of any kind. Regarding substance consumption, 70% were smokers, 26% were alcohol consumers, and 15% were on drugs. About 12% spent more than 7 h on their cellphones, and 43% reported dedicating no time for physical activity. Theft was the most frequently reported offense (35%), followed by quarreling with peers (25%), and possession of drugs (9%). Approximately 42% reported that their friends encouraged them to cause trouble, while the majority (74%) reported that their school had no positive or negative influence on their behavior. Several behavioral problems were detected, with females showing significantly higher scores in impulsivity, inattention, emotional lability, and social problems compared to their male counterparts. Severity of the conduct problems was negatively associated with the length of engagement in physical activities, while both impulsivity and inattention scores were positively associated with the length of engagement in watching TV and using cellphones (all p < 0.05). Overall, these juvenile delinquents have unsatisfactory academic and schooling experiences, engage in unhealthy lifestyles and exhibit several behavioral problems. Differences in juvenile delinquency risk factors across different sociocultural contexts can influence prevention efforts. Comprehensive prevention strategies that reduce risk and develop protective factors need to target juveniles early in their development and consider factors related to their families, schools, peers, and communities.
PURPOSE: Governance models are a defining characteristic of health-care systems, yet little research is available about the governance of health-care delivered in correctional facilities. This study aims to explore the perspectives of correctional services leaders in British Columbia, Canada, on the motivations for transferring responsibility for health-care services in provincial correctional facilities to the Ministry of Health, as well as key lessons learned. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Eight correctional services leaders participated in one-on-one interviews between September 2019 and February 2020. The authors used inductive thematic analysis to explore key themes. To triangulate early effects of the transfer identified by participants the authors used complaints data from Prisoners' Legal Services to examine changes over time. FINDINGS: The authors identified four major themes related to the rationale for this transfer: 1) quality and equivalence of care, 2) integration and throughcare, 3) values and expertise and 4) funding and resources. Facilitators included changes in the external environment, having the right people in the right places, a strong sense of alignment and shared goals and a changing culture in corrections. Participants also highlighted challenges, including ongoing human resourcing issues, having to navigate and define shared responsibilities and adapting a large bureaucracy to the environment in corrections. Consistent with outcomes described by participants, data showed that a lower proportion of complaints received after the transfer were related to health-care. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The perspectives of correctional leaders on the transfer of governance for health-care services in custody to the community health-care system provide novel insights into the processes and potential of this change.
People in prison are at an increased risk of long-term conditions that have been associated with poor nutrition intake, low levels of physical activity, and obesity. We aim to identify the necessary components of nutrition education to impact the health and health behaviors of people in prison. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines informed the structure of this article. Our protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022353925). Electronic databases were searched for relevant studies published in the English language from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2023. Data were extracted and narrative synthesis completed. The search identified 394 studies, of which 10 studies included nutrition education delivered to and with people in prison. In most cases, nutrition was one element of a complex intervention, with the inclusion of physical activity and/or a focus on health. The outcomes measured varied considerably across studies; therefore, our narrative synthesis explored the (1) development and delivery, (2) content, and (3) impact of nutrition education delivered for people in prison. There remains a need for nutrition education for people in prison, developed through coproduction, that encompasses their individual needs, with quantifiable outcome measures through validated tools and/or physiological measures.
Research on adolescents suggests that decision-making styles, emotional experiences, and life satisfaction play a crucial role in emotional and behavioral difficulties and the development of prosocial behaviors. This study analyzed the relationship between decision-making styles, prosociality, and difficulties among adolescent offenders, as well as the mediating role of life satisfaction and emotional experiences in this relationship. A total of 457 adolescents aged from 14 to 19 years (M = 16.23; S.D. = 1.31; 32.2% female) participated in this study. The variables of interest were assessed using self-reports and descriptive, reliability, correlational, predictive, and mediation analyses were performed. A significant association was found between the study variables. Non-rational decision-making styles and negative emotional experiences influenced difficulties, whereas rational decision-making, life satisfaction, and positive emotional experiences influenced prosocial behavior. Furthermore, the results show that the relationship between rational decision-making and prosocial behavior is mediated by life satisfaction, emotional balance, and positive emotional experiences. Similarly, negative emotional experiences mediated the relationship between a hypervigilance decision-making style and emotional and behavioral difficulties. The results of this study indicate the importance of intervening in decision-making styles, emotional management, and life satisfaction in offending adolescents to decrease behavioral and emotional difficulties and favor prosocial behavior.
Background: Prisons in Europe remain high-risk environments and conducive for infectious disease transmission, often related to injection drug use. Many infected people living in prison unaware of their infection status (HIV, hepatitis C). Despite all Council of Europe (CoE) member states providing community needle and syringe programmes (NSP), prison NSP are limited to seven countries. The study aim was to scrutinise the Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (CPT) reporting of periodic and ad hoc country mission visits to prisons, with an explicit focus on the extent to which member states are/were fulfilling obligations to protect prisoners from HIV/hepatitis C; and implementing prison NSP under the non-discriminatory equivalence of care principle. Study design: Socio-legal review. Methods: . Relevant narrative content on prison NSP operations, including repeat CPT reminders and any official/publicly expressed reasons for not implementing is presented. Results: CPT reporting reveals limited prison NSP provision in selected prisons visited on mission, with little change in status over time, despite documented evidence of prior observations around absent/insufficient harm reduction measures and explicit (often longstanding) recommendations to address deficits. Reasons for not implementing prison NSP include; existing availability of opioid substitute treatment, lack of evidence for injecting drug use, for security and maintenance of order, and contradiction with prison protocols sanctioning drug use. Conclusions: Prison health is public health. Regular research and evaluations of prison NSP in Europe are warranted. Future CPT visits should also continue to assess availability and standards of provision; recommend where appropriate including when opioid substitute treatment is already provided, and in line with broad availability of community NSP in Europe.
The aging population in United States (US) correctional facilities has grown dramatically over the last several decades. At present, roughly one in four adults incarcerated in US prisons are at least 50 years of age. Research over the last ten years has likewise expanded to catalog the impacts of incarceration on older adults, and the myriad ways incarceration is unique for this population. In this paper, we summarize the state of the literature at the intersection of incarceration, health, and aging. We begin by outlining the impacts of incarceration on a range of individual health outcomes for older adults. Next, we offer targeted policy implications to address the health consequences of incarceration for older adults. Finally, we conclude by offering a research agenda that emphasizes theory building, jail-based approaches, and expansion of what is known about older women, cognitive impairment, correctional staff perspectives, and interventions to enhance the health of older persons who are incarcerated.
El trabajo tiene como objeto analizar la relación existente entre las distintas situaciones y autopercepciones asociadas a los problemas de salud mental con el consumo de drogas, en una investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa, teniendo como muestra nacional encuestada de 310 (30,1%) mujeres reclusas en semilibertad. Los análisis fueron: estadísticos descriptivos, contrastes de independencia, test de Fisher y odds-ratio. Los resultados indican que el 73,2% ha sentido/padecido algún problema de salud mental, siendo pocas las diagnosticadas y recibieron tratamientos fundamentalmente farmacológicos; asimismo el 51,6% ha consumido drogas. La participación en programas específicos es muy baja.Todas estas situaciones instan a la mejora de la intervención penitenciaria, la necesidad de implementar y fomentar la acción socioeducativa, mediante programas integrales que favorezcan la mayor participación, con contenidos coherentes a la realidad y desde el enfoque de género, los cuales incidirán en la reinserción social.
This study aimed to investigate the structural relationships of emotional neglect with risky behaviors in prisoners, considering the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies. The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consists of all prisoners in the city of Shiraz. The research sample included 409 prisoners from Shiraz, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Bernstein et al., 2003), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski et al., 2001), and the Youth Risk Behavior Scale (Snow et al., 2019). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted using AMOS 24 and SPSS 27 to evaluate the proposed model. The correlation coefficient results indicated a negative relationship between emotional neglect and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies with risky behaviors (P ≤ 0.05). Additionally, there was a significant positive relationship between maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and risky behaviors (P ≤ 0.05). The findings suggest an adequate fit of the proposed model with the data. The results of the structural model showed that 25% of the variance in adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and 30% of the variance in maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies were explained by emotional neglect. Furthermore, 44% of the variance in risky behaviors was explained by emotional neglect, adaptive, and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Based on these findings, early intervention and preventive measures are crucial in reducing the negative impact of emotional neglect. Specifically, focusing on interventions based on mentalization and emotion regulation can significantly improve emotional and relational problems arising from adverse early life experiences.
Objectives: To describe and relate the main mental disorders in patients from Macará and Huaquillas for the peri- od 2018-2020. Methodology: With a quantitative, retrospective cross-sectional approach based on the automated daily records of consultations and outpatient care (RDACAA) of the Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador. By means of a non-experimental probabilistic sampling, the sample consisted of 1856 patients. Statistical analyses were per- formed on the RDACAA database with the functions cor.test( ) for the Spearman correlation test, chisq.test( ) for the Chi-square test of independence in the R statistical programming software. Results: Neurotic, secondary to stressful situations and somatoform disorders occupy the first place with 23.06%; followed by Mood disorders with 12.93%; in third place Schizophrenia, schizoaffective and delusional disorder with 12.61%; in fourth place with 12.23% we have Mental and behavioural disorders due to the consumption of psychotropic substances. Conclusions: Neurotic disorders, secondary to stressful situations and somatoform disorders are those with the highest incidence within the cantons of Macará and Huaquillas in the period 2018-2020 compared to the other diagnostic categories codified in the International Classification of Diseases ICD-10.
The correctional training program (CTP), composed of three stages, includes a 14 week in-person component that Correctional Officer Recruits (CORs) must complete prior to their employment as a federal Correctional Officer (CO) for Correctional Service Canada (CSC). The CTP prepares recruits for a plethora of CO responsibilities, some dependent on physical fitness, such as responding to codes being called, physical altercations, or violent situations. Unlike other public safety positions (e.g. policing, border services, or coast guard) CSC does not require occupational fitness testing. In the current article, we use data from a multiyear longitudinal study of federal COs from across Canada to unpack how CORs manage physical fitness expectations at CTP; CSCs' expectations of COR physical fitness; and outline what types of physical fitness (e.g. weightlifting, cardiovascular, self-defence) are taught, thus valued most, during CTP. We situate the voices of CORs regarding physical fitness within the broader "body" literature and discuss policy recommendations tied to physical fitness, specifically COs' interest in reinstating pre-employment physical fitness screening.
Bu çalışmada temel amaç, Türkiye toplumunun ötenaziye yönelik tutumlarını incelemek amacıyla bir ölçeğin geliştirilmesidir. Çalışmanın örneklemini gönüllü katılım sağlayan 18 yaş üstü 293 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Ölçek geliştirme sürecinde literatür taraması, örnek anket taslağının oluşturulması, uzman görüşünün alınması, pilot uygulama ve evrenden veri toplama şeklinde bir dizi aşamalar takip edilmiştir. Veriler, açıklayıcı faktör ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Verilerin analiz edilmesinde SPSS ve AMOS paket programından yararlanılmıştır. Açıklayıcı faktör analizi bulgularına göre ölçeğin 38 ifade ve 5 boyutta toplandığı görülmüştür. Ölçek ve alt boyutlarının güvenirlik katsayılarının iyi ve yeterli düzeyde olduğu saptanmıştır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizinde ölçek uyum düzeylerinin iyi düzeyde olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca madde yük değerlerinin yeterli düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Diğer yandan CR ve AVE değerlerinin istenen düzeyde olmasından dolayı modelin geçerli olduğu görülmüştür. Ötenaziye yönelik toplumun tutumunu belirlemek amacıyla geliştirilen ölçeğin geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ölçeğin 38 ifade ve olumlu tutum, olumsuz tutum, cezai tutum, çıkarcı tutum ve kültürel tutum olmak üzere beş farklı boyuttan oluştuğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Diabetes mellitus presents significant public health challenges worldwide. While its prevalence and management in the general population have been extensively studied, comprehensive research on diabetes among incarcerated individuals is lacking. This study aims to conduct a systematic review and meta -analysis to determine the prevalence of diabetes within the prison population. The systematic review included studies reporting on the prevalence of diabetes in prison populations. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE from 2000 to November 4, 2023, with an update on December 15, 2023. Nested Knowledge web software was utilized for screening and data extraction. Quality assessment was conducted using the JBI tool. A meta -analysis was performed using a random-effects model in R software version 4.3. Thirty-three studies were included, encompassing 807,617 participants, with 67,291 reported as patients with diabetes. The pooled prevalence of diabetes in prison populations was found to be 7.1% (95% CI: 4.9% to 10.1%), exhibiting high heterogeneity (I 2 = 100%). Subgroup analysis revealed significant geographical variability: the United States had a prevalence of 9% (95% CI: 4 %to 17 %), Italy 5% (95% CI: 0% to 40 %), Iran 10% (95% CI: 7 % to 15 %), and Egypt 21% (95% CI: 14% to 28 %). Notable variations in prevalence were also observed in countries like France, Australia, Taiwan, India, the UK, Spain, Brazil, and Sub-Saharan Africa. An LFK index of −3.3 indicated the presence of publication bias. The study reveals that diabetes mellitus is a significant health concern in prisons, with a prevalence of 7.1%, comparable to that in the general population. The marked variability across studies indicates the challenges of diabetes management in correctional settings. These findings highlight the need for tailored healthcare strategies, considering prisons’ unique challenges and risk factors.