Right-sided colon cancer (RSCC) is characterized by distinct clinical features and recurrence patterns. Our study aimed to develop a predictive model for distant recurrence in patients with RSCC who underwent curative surgery, employing the Random Forest machine learning algorithm, based on clinical and histopathologic variables. A retrospective analysis of 64 patients treated within the time frame of 2016-2024 was conducted. The variables included age, sex, lymphovascular invasion, and number of lymph nodes evaluated (transformed for inverse interpretation). Oversampling was employed to balance the dataset and a Random Forest model for predicting distant recurrence (defined as that occurring at least six months after surgery) was constructed. Its performance was evaluated through accuracy, sensitivity, F1 score, and area under the ROC curve (AUC). The model achieved an AUC of 0.76 in the test set, with 75% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The most relevant variables were low lymph node harvest, older age, male sex, and lymphovascular invasion. A simplified model with those four variables maintained 95% accuracy. A clinical risk scale based on cumulative scores was developed that classified patients into low-risk and high-risk groups, with distant recurrence rates of 8.3% and 56.3%, respectively. The predictive model showed a robust capacity for stratifying the distant recurrence risk, supporting the use of machine learning algorithms as a complementary tool in the individualized management of RSCC.
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in endoscopic studies has grown in recent years. The present study evaluates the performance of AI in detecting polyps and adenomas in daily clinical practice. A cross-sectional study was conducted, in which AI-assisted colonoscopies (AIACs) performed between January 2021 and May 2024 were reviewed. Logistic regression was applied for adenoma detection, based on their characteristics. A total of 1,251 colonoscopies were reviewed. The patients in the AIAC group were older than the control group (59 ± 13 vs. 56 ± 12 years, P < .05). There were no differences between sex, procedure indication, bowel preparation, and procedure time. Regarding the primary aim, the AIAC group had a significantly higher polyp detection rate (58 vs. 52%; P < .05) and non-significantly higher adenoma detection rate (39 vs. 33%; P > .05), compared with the control group. In the analysis of adenoma characteristics, the identification of polypoid adenomas (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.04-1.59), smaller 10 mm (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.14-1.74), and located in the proximal colon (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.05-1.65) was significantly higher in the AIAC group, compared with the control group. The use of AI in colonoscopies resulted in a non-significant increase in the adenoma detection rate but a significant increase in detecting polypoid adenomas smaller than 10 mm and located in the proximal colon.
Neutropenic enterocolitis (NE) is a severe complication in immunocompromised patients, especially those with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) receiving intensive chemotherapy treatment. Despite medical advances, NE continues to be associated with a high mortality rate, particularly when its diagnosis and treatment are delayed. The present study aimed to identify the risk factors linked to mortality in patients with NE and develop a predictive scale for optimizing clinical decisions. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and included 24 clinical studies (n = 1,172). Factors associated with in-hospital mortality were identified through odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR), with a 95% confidence interval (CI), and bivariate statistical tests, such as the chi-square and Fisher's exact tests (p < 0.05). A predictive scale was constructed based on said factors. A meta-analysis was carried out, using the DerSimonian and Laird random effects model for evaluating granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) as a protective factor, with heterogeneity (I2) and leave-one-out sensitivity tests. Quality of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE system. The overall mortality rate was 23.6%. The identified predictors of greater mortality were profound neutropenia, comorbidities, concomitant infection, admission to the intensive care unit, late diagnosis, age ≥60 years, and absence of G-CSF use. The meta-analysis yielded a combined OR of 0.68 (95% CI 0.62-0.72; I2 = 0 %) in favor of G-CSF use. Factors with no statistical significance or affected by indication bias, such as surgery or cytarabine, were excluded. The resulting scale stratifies patients into four risk categories, with estimated mortality rates of ≤10%, 11-30%, 31-50%, and >50%. An exploratory mortality risk scale for patients with NE and AML, constructed from aggregate data and systematic evidence, is presented herein. Even though it yielded statistical robustness and clinical plausibility, the scale should not be employed for making clinical decisions until it has been prospectively validated in independent cohorts with multivariate adjustment.
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy secondary to gluten exposure, diagnosed through serology and duodenal biopsy. The predictive role of anti-tissue-transglutaminase antibody (aTG IgA) levels ≥ 10 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) in the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies in patients with CD has recently been evaluated. Our aim was to determine the predictive capacity of aTG IgA levels ≥ 10 times the ULN for detecting intestinal villous atrophy (IVA) in patients with CD. A retrospective, observational study was conducted on patients with suspected CD who underwent endoscopy with duodenal biopsy at a referral center in Mexico City. Demographic, clinical, and final diagnosis variables were registered. Descriptive statistics and an ROC analysis were performed, evaluating different cutoff points of aTG IgA antibodies as IVA predictors. The study included 366 patients (median age of 51 years). CD was diagnosed in 53 of the cases (14.5%). A total of 107 cases were classified as Marsh 3a-3c, and their main diagnoses were CD (45.8%), small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (23.4%), and tropical sprue (16.8%). The specificity of levels ≥ 10 times the ULN was 100% for Marsh 3a-3c, with 17.9% sensitivity, 74.7% NPV, and 100% PPV. The AUC was 70%, with an optimum threshold ≥ 3.3 U/mL ULN (45.3% sensitivity, 89.2% specificity). Levels of aTG IgA ≥ 10 times the ULN are highly specific but have low sensitivity for predicting IVA in Mexican patients with CD, whereas using levels ≥ 3 times the ULN improves sensitivity, without compromising specificity.
Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas (CNPs) are diverse lesions that are a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Even though they are rare, the frequency of their diagnosis has increased with the advances made in imaging techniques. The identification and adequate characterization of these lesions is essential for determining the need for surgical intervention and individual patient follow-up. The primary aim of the present study was to describe the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of the CNPs resected over a 22-year period at a Mexican referral center, along with their postoperative results. A retrospective, observational study was conducted on 139 patients who underwent surgical resection within the time frame of January 2000 and December 2022. The clinical and histopathologic characteristics and 30-day postoperative outcomes were described, comparing them, based on histologic subtypes and the surgical techniques employed. Most of the CNPs were solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs) (35.3%), followed by mucinous cystadenoma (32.4%), and serous cystadenoma (16.5%). The postoperative complication rate was 39.6%, and was higher in patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy, compared with the rest of the techniques (53.5 vs 33.3%, p = 0.038). There were no differences between histologic subtypes. Precise classification of CNPs is crucial for adequate management. The higher frequency of diagnosis appears to be due to improved imaging techniques, enabling the timely identification of pancreatic cystic lesions with malignant potential, such as CNPs, and the possibility of providing early surgical treatment with curative potential.
The aim of the present Clinical Guideline of the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología was to establish clear, updated, evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of lactose ingestion-related disorders (LIRDs), to improve diagnostic accuracy and promote effective, patient-centered clinical management. The methodology employed consisted of a Delphi process coordinated by three experts, with the participation of 15 Mexican specialists (gastroenterologists, pediatricians, and nutritionists). Three working groups (epidemiology/definitions, diagnosis, and treatment) were formed that thoroughly reviewed the medical literature published between 2010 and 2025. A total of 26 statements were formulated. The main results included the precise definition of the different LIRD phenotypes (lactase nonpersistence, hypolactasia, clinical lactose intolerance, self-perceived lactose intolerance, and lactose sensitivity); diagnostic test standardization, highlighting the lactose breath test as a highly sensitive noninvasive tool, complemented by genetic studies and biochemical tests; and the recommendation of personalized treatments ranging from the selective reduction of dietary lactose to the use of exogenous enzymes (lactase) and fermented dairy products. Likewise, the importance of avoiding unnecessary dietary restrictions that could compromise calcium and vitamin D intake was emphasized. Altogether, the present consensus provides a comprehensive framework to optimize the clinical care of patients with LIRDs in Mexico.
The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has increased. Although there are screening and surveillance programs, especially for patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE), they have limited effectiveness in detecting early disease. Post-endoscopy esophageal adenocarcinoma (PEEC), diagnosed after previous negative endoscopies, raises concerns about the accuracy of current endoscopic practices in high-risk patients. Primary aim: to estimate the rate of PEEC and analyze its characteristics in patients at three hospital centers in Medellín, Colombia. • To compare characteristics between patients with PEEC and those diagnosed at the first endoscopy. • Evaluate the prevalence of BE in the two cohorts and its relation to PEEC. • Analyze the anatomic location of PEEC. An observational cohort study was conducted that included 473 patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer between 2012 and 2023 at three centers in Medellín, Colombia, 31 of whom had PEEC. Their demographic, clinical, and survival data were evaluated using the STROBE guidelines for cohort studies (pages 22-26). The PEEC rate was 6.6%. Patients with PEEC presented with fewer alarm symptoms (35% vs 63%, p = 0.002), a higher prevalence of BE (42% vs 23%, p = 0.016), and were diagnosed at an earlier stage of disease. The previous endoscopies failed to detect lesions, especially in the proximal esophagus. PEEC is a frequent entity, especially in patients with BE and proximal lesions. Optimizing endoscopy through advanced imaging techniques and strict surveillance protocols is required.
The usefulness of metoclopramide for improving endoscopic visualization in upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is controversial. Our primary aim was to evaluate the utility of metoclopramide 20 mg/IV for endoscopic visualization in UGIB of ≤ 24 h. The need for a repeat endoscopy and length of hospital stay were also analyzed. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive placebo (group A) or metoclopramide 20 mg/IV (group B) and undergo endoscopy 30-120 min later. Demographics, etiology, and hospital stay were evaluated. The percentage of gastroduodenal visualization was assessed through the modified Avgerinos score. A blinded, experienced endoscopist reviewed the endoscopic recordings. Fifty patients, 27 men and 23 women, were included. Mean patient age was 60 years, and each group was made up of 25 patients. The time from admission to endoscopy in group A was 14:21 h (SD ± 5.35) and 14:54 h (SD ± 5.83) in group B (p = 0.83). The modified Avgerinos score was 7.00 (5.00-8.00) in group A and 7.00 (6.50-8.00) in group B (p = 0.282). The difference in the modified Avgerinos score was not statistically significant in the patients with variceal and ulcerous etiologies (p = 0.705 and p = 0.721, respectively). A repeat endoscopy was required in 3 group A patients and 4 group B patients (p = 0.684). Hospital stay for group A was 7.0 days (SD ± 3.08) and 7.32 days (SD ± 4.31) for group B (p = 0.764). Metoclopramide 20 mg/IV before endoscopy did not improve endoscopic visualization, the need for a repeat endoscopy, or length of hospital stay in patients with UGIB.
Alcohol-related liver disease is becoming more common worldwide. Recently, alcohol consumption in women has increased significantly, raising the risk of developing alcohol-associated hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Greater susceptibility to alcohol-related liver damage appears to confer a higher mortality and decompensation risk on women. Our study aimed to assess alcohol consumption patterns and mortality rates in female patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis. We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized for cirrhosis due to chronic alcohol consumption at the Hospital General de Mexico, "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga" between 2018 and 2021. Utilizing the patients' electronic medical records, alcohol consumption patterns were identified and the survival rate for women and men after their first hospitalization was calculated through the Kaplan-Meier curve. A final total of 192 electronic medical records (50% women) were included. We classified the patients according to alcohol consumption into a) excessive consumption or b) binge drinking. The median age for the onset of chronic alcohol consumption was higher in women than in men (18 vs. 16.5 years of age; p = 0.0001). The median for alcohol consumption in g/occasion was lower in women than in men (140 vs. 275 in excessive alcohol consumption and 196 vs 320 in binge drinking; p = 0.0001), as was the length of time of chronic alcohol consumption (24.5 vs. 30 years; p = 0.0001) The mortality rate during the first hospitalization was 32.8% (61.9% for women and 38.9% for men). The mean age for survival was lower for women (33.8 ± 1.6 years of age, 95% CI 30.5-37.1), compared with men (37.0 ± 1.2 years of age, 95% CI 35.4-38.6) (p = 0.002). The factors associated with mortality in the Cox proportional hazards models were women vs men (OR = 4.1, 95% CI 2.1-7.9) and excessive consumption vs binge drinking (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.5). Alcohol-related mortality is higher in women than in men and is associated with lower alcohol consumption, a shorter period of continued chronic consumption, and an older age at consumption onset.
Feeding difficulties (FDs) in childhood are highly prevalent and a common reason for medical consultation. Historically, clinical approaches have been fragmented. The Pediatric Feeding Disorder (PFD) model provides a comprehensive framework that incorporates medical, nutritional, feeding skill, and psychosocial dimensions. Our aims were to (1) describe the current definitions of FDs in children, (2) identify their main risk factors and existing classifications, and (3) propose a clinical algorithm to guide the diagnostic and therapeutic approach from an interdisciplinary perspective. A narrative review was carried out by the Feeding Difficulties Working Group of the Latin American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (LASPGHAN), reviewing the literature published between January 2000 and April 2025 from the PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, and LILACS databases. Three classification systems were identified: sensory-based, medical/nutritional, and functional. Risk factors included prematurity, gastrointestinal and neuromotor diseases, negative feeding experiences, inadequate feeding practices, and psychosocial factors. A comprehensive and interdisciplinary clinical algorithm was developed. Pediatric FDs require an interdisciplinary and family-centered approach, adapted to the Latin American context. Terminology standardization and clinical criteria harmonization are key steps for optimizing diagnosis, treatment, and research in the region. The development of a clinical algorithm outlining their approach is a first step toward this goal.
The performance of gastroenteric anastomosis (GEA) utilizing endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMSs) is safe and effective for treating malignant gastric outlet obstruction, but not in benign disease, due to unpredictable GEA closure after LAMS removal. Our aim was to evaluate different endoscopic techniques for creating a durable GEA in porcine models. An animal study in porcine models was conducted at the vivarium of a tertiary care hospital in Mexico City, between September and November 2023. Five techniques were carried out: direct technique (DT), radial cut (RC) technique, linear cut (LC) technique, absolute ethanol sclerotherapy (AES), and argon plasma coagulation (APC). Technical efficacy, safety, and lasting patency of the anastomosis at 4 weeks after the intervention and LAMS removal were evaluated. Ten porcine models, 2 per group, were included. Technical success was 100% and clinical success 0%. Procedure times were 29 min for the DT, 88 min for the RC technique, 74 min for the LC technique, 41 min for AES, and 75 min for APC. The RC technique had the largest anastomosis area (742 mm2). There was one adverse event (10%); it was mild and did not require any additional intervention. Although clinical success was not achieved with any of the techniques, the technical modifications were safe, providing a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in GEA and paving the way for new explorations.
Hemorrhoidal disease is a common condition and may affect quality of life. Although it tends to respond to conservative treatment, some cases require surgery. The present study examined clinical and demographic factors associated with symptom duration in surgically treated patients, with no causal inference or predictive intent. A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Hospital Universitario de Puebla on 56 patients who underwent hemorrhoidectomy (2019-2023). The factors of sex, age, smoking, constipation, BMI, and time to surgery were analyzed, employing descriptive statistics, linear regression, and K-Fold cross-validation. There was a significant association between sex and years of disease (p = 0.0427), with men having a mean 4.89 more years of disease than women (β = -4.89, 95% CI -9.61 to -0.17). There was a positive, non-significant association between age and years of disease (p = 0.0907). A significant inverse relation was identified between age at disease onset and years of disease (p < 0.001; β = -0.31, 95% CI -0.46 to -0.15), as well as a significant interaction between sex and age at onset (p < 0.001). Sex and age at disease onset were key factors associated with symptom duration in patients who underwent hemorrhoidectomy. Factors traditionally considered relevant, such as constipation and BMI, showed no significant association, highlighting the importance of considering complex interactions between clinical and demographic variables.
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection remains highly prevalent in Mexico and worldwide. In response to the advances in diagnosis, treatment, and epidemiologic surveillance, the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología, through a multidisciplinary panel of experts, developed the "Fifth Mexican Consensus on H. pylori" in 2025, providing 38 evidence-based recommendations tailored to the Mexican context. The document highlights the establishment of the Hp-MexReg national registry and its collaboration with Hp-LatamReg and HpRESLA projects, enabling the collection of local data on eradication rates and antimicrobial resistance. The expert group reaffirms the high prevalence of H. pylori in Mexico (70.5%) related to social and sanitation factors, as well as the increase of antibiotic-resistant strains, particularly to clarithromycin and levofloxacin. Regarding diagnosis, the 13C-urea breath test is prioritized as the first-line noninvasive method and eradication of the bacterium should be confirmed at least four weeks after treatment. Regarding treatment, quadruple therapies, with or without bismuth, are recommended over standard triple therapy, and potassium-competitive acid blockers are endorsed as an effective alternative to high-dose proton pump inhibitors. H. pylori eradication is strongly recommended, with emphasis on the clinical scenarios in which it is indicated. The present consensus underscores the need to continue conducting national studies that enable strategies to be adapted to Mexico's epidemiologic reality.
Ventral mesh rectopexy (VMR) for correcting rectal prolapse, rectocele, and enterocele improves obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS) and fecal incontinence (FI). This procedure is popular due to its minimally invasive approach and favorable clinical outcomes. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical response of patients that underwent VMR, focusing on changes in the ODS and FI scores. A retrospective, observational, cohort study was conducted on patients that underwent VMR within the time frame of May 2019 and May 2024 at a high-volume hospital. Fifty case records were analyzed, measuring the changes in the scores of the ODS scale and CCF-FIS, before and after surgery. Statistical significance was set at a p < 0.05. The ODS scores decreased from 10.76 to 6.28 and the FI scores from 9 to 5, showing significant improvement. When analyzing individual items of each of the scales separately, all in the ODS scale were statistically significant, whereas in the FI scale, only pad use and impact on social life were significant. There were no major intraoperative complications or conversions to open surgery and the mean hospital stay was1.96 days. No significant differences in outcomes were found between the conventional and robotic laparoscopic approaches. VMR is a safe and effective procedure for improving ODS and FI symptoms in the Mexican population. Long-term follow-up is required to confirm the persistence of benefits and evaluate late complications.
Anastomotic leakage is a critical complication in colorectal surgery, significantly associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. Early detection of at-risk patients is essential for optimizing clinical outcomes. The present study investigates the utility of C-reactive protein (CRP) as a predictive inflammatory biomarker for anastomotic leakage. A retrospective observational study was conducted at the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, analyzing 95 patients who underwent colorectal surgery within the time frame of March 2023 and July 2024. CRP levels were measured on postoperative days 1, 3, and 5. The predictive capacity was measured through ROC curves, determining the optimum cutoff points with the Youden index. CRP on day 3 showed an AUC of 0.91, with an optimum cutoff point of 18.69 mg/l (Youden index = 0.73). On day 5, the AUC was 0.93, with a cutoff point of 14.25 mg/l (Youden index = 0.73). Both measurements showed high sensitivity and specificity for predicting anastomotic leakage. Elevated CRP levels on postoperative days 3 and 5 emerged as robust predictors of anastomotic leakage, potentially guiding early interventions and improving patient prognosis.
Patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) have a higher incidence of periodontal disease. Both conditions are related to the oral and gut microbiota dysbiosis that conditions systemic inflammation. In our population, the frequency and importance of that association have not been documented. To determine the prevalence of periodontal disease in patients with MASLD treated at a referral center in Veracruz. A prospective, comparative, analytic, cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with MASLD and a group of healthy controls. Anthropometric characteristics, liver steatosis grade, dental involvement, and quality of life were analyzed. The statistical analysis included measures of central tendency and dispersion, as well as frequency and percentage. The two groups were compared using the Student's t test or Wilcoxon test, the chi-square test, and the Pearson or Spearman correlations, employing the SPSS-5 program. Thirty-seven patients with MASLD were studied. Mean patient age was 56.3 ± 12.3 years, 70.3% were women, and mean BMI was 34.2 ± 5.9. A total of 18.9% of patients presented with gingivitis and 81.1% with periodontitis (p < 0.0001), compared with the controls (mean age 54.6 ± 9.8 years, 65.5% women, BMI 28.7 ± 5.7), in which 13.8% had gingivitis and 37.9% periodontitis. Steatosis grade and periodontal disease were significantly correlated (r = 0.412, p = 0.003), with no differences in food quality (r = -0.037, p = 0.798); 36.9% of patients reported a decrease in quality of life. Our results showed an elevated prevalence of periodontal disease in patients with MASLD that negatively impacted quality of life, suggesting the need for comprehensive management.
Acute pancreatitis is a rare condition in pediatric patients, but there has been a considerable increase in cases and complications in recent years that, according to the literature, may reach up to 30% of cases. The present study aimed to determine whether the variables of sex, age group, etiology, nutritional status, lipase level, albumin level, and leukocyte count were associated with the development of early complications in pediatric patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. A retrospective study was carried out at the Hospital para el Niño Poblano, within the time frame of July 2014 and July 2024. The medical records of patients from 0 to 17 years 11 months of age, who met the diagnostic criteria for acute pancreatitis, were analyzed. JASP software was utilized for the statistical analysis, applying odds ratio (OR) to identify possible risk factors. A total of 143 patients were included, with a slight predominance of females (51%, n = 73). Of the local complications, pancreatic necrosis was documented in 16% (n = 23) and acute peripancreatic fluid collection in 12.6% (n = 18). The most frequent complications were cardiac (51.75%), renal (31.47%), pulmonary (18.18%), and metabolic (16.08%). Significant risk factors for the development of early complications in pediatric patients with acute pancreatitis were identified. These findings may support early assessment of disease severity and guide timely interventions.
Porto-sinusoidal vascular disease (PSVD) is an uncommon disorder characterized by hepatic microvascular alterations and noncirrhotic portal hypertension. Its recent redefinition includes patients with and without portal hypertension, even in the presence of concomitant liver disease. The present study aimed to correlate the clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic findings in Mexican patients with PSVD and identify key diagnostic challenges. A retrospective study was conducted on ten patients diagnosed with PSVD according to updated criteria, in whom liver biopsy showed no cirrhosis. Clinical, laboratory, imaging, and histopathologic data were collected. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding was the most frequent initial presentation, followed by mild thrombocytopenia. Biopsies revealed obliterative portal venopathy, nodular regenerative hyperplasia, and incomplete septal fibrosis. Magnetic resonance imaging identified periportal hyperintensity, which aided in differentiating PSVD from cirrhosis. The findings confirm PSVD heterogeneity, underscoring the importance of integrating different diagnostic tools for its timely detection.
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the leading causes of cirrhosis. Frailty and malnutrition are comorbidities associated with cirrhosis, impacting patient quality of life and survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate frailty and food intake quality in patients with chronic HCV infection, with or without cirrhosis, and the association between demographic, clinical, and anthropometric variables. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the hepatitis clinic of the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde. Each participant was evaluated using the Liver Frailty Index (LFI), the mini-survey for assessing dietary intake quality (Mini-ECCA v.2), and upper arm anthropometry. Of the sample of 52 patients, nearly 40% presented with chronic HCV alone and close to 80% were classified as pre-frail on the LFI. The study patients had a mean handgrip strength of 25.5 ± 11.1 kg and under 10% had a healthy diet. There was a high prevalence of frailty in the patients with inadequate dietary intake. In addition, the arm circumference measurement was positively correlated with handgrip strength, highlighting the importance of considering arm anthropometry in those patients as part of their nutritional assessment.