搜索结果：Removing

Background: The Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS) is a brief transdiagnostic screener for trauma-related symptoms. Although the Italian version has previously been examined using factor-analytic methods, evidence on item-level functioning and on the interpretability of the symptom total remains limited.Objective: To determine whether the 17 GPS symptom items support the use of a single total score as an efficient indicator of global trauma-related burden.Method: Data from an age- and gender-balanced analytic sample of 6930 Italian adults recruited online during the COVID-19 outbreak were analysed. Essential unidimensionality was examined using parallel analysis and bifactor indices (ECVg and ωH). One- and two-parameter logistic IRT models were compared, and item fit, local dependence, test information, conditional reliability, and sensitivity to aberrant responding were evaluated.Results: Bifactor indices supported essential unidimensionality (ECVg = 0.73; ωH = 0.77). The 2PL model outperformed the 1PL model and showed acceptable global fit (RMSEA = 0.058, SRMSR = 0.04, TLI = 0.94, CFI = 0.94). Item discrimination ranged from 0.68 to 3.03, and item difficulty ranged from -0.95 to 2.71. The test information function peaked at θ = -0.24 and indicated useful precision across a broad range of moderate-to-high trauma burden. Item parameters remained stable after removing of respondents with aberrant response patterns.Conclusions: In this community sample, the Italian GPS symptom total can be interpreted as a psychometrically defensible indicator of global trauma-related burden. The scale was especially informative from slightly below-average to elevated levels of severity, supporting its use as a brief first-line screening measure while still requiring replication in independent and clinical samples. The 17 GPS symptom items supported a defensible single total score in this Italian community sample.The GPS showed useful precision from slightly below-average to elevated trauma-related burden, with the strongest information in the moderate-to-high range.These findings support the GPS as a brief first-line screening tool in community and primary care settings, pending replication in independent and clinical samples.

Extractive fermentation can mitigate the inhibitory effects of ethanol on yeast cells by continuously removing ethanol as it is produced, thereby enhancing ethanol productivity during the sorghum hydrolysate fermentation. This approach represents a promising strategy for process intensification in starch-based bioethanol production, particularly in systems limited by product inhibition. The present study describes the modeling and experimental validation of ethanol production in separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) processes, utilizing vacuum-assisted gas stripping for in situ ethanol removal. Initially, kinetic parameters for saccharification and fermentation were determined separately. Subsequently, SSF experiments were conducted to evaluate the predictive capability of the proposed model. Finally, extractive SHF and SSF experiments were carried out in a 2-liter bubble column bioreactor under vacuum-assisted gas stripping conditions. The proposed model for SHF and SSF processes, based on mass balances for liquefied starch (St), glucose (G), and ethanol (E), and incorporating saccharification and fermentation kinetics with product inhibition, showed strong agreement with the experimental data for both conventional and extractive fermentations, achieving R2 values above 0.99. Furthermore, vacuum-assisted gas stripping proved to be an effective process intensification strategy, increasing ethanol productivity by up to 60%. These results highlight its potential for improving ethanol production from starch-based substrates.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) accounts for 5-10% of prevalent end-stage kidney failure (ESKD). ADPKD cysts result from a loss of sufficient functional expression of PKD1/Polycystin-1 (PC1) in approximately 80% of families. Kidney disease severity correlates with the extent to which PC1 dosage is reduced below a critical level, and evidence suggests therapeutic benefit from increasing PC1 expression in these conditions. Upstream open reading frame (uORF) translation can reduce translation of a protein's coding sequence. Ribosome profiling data and bioinformatic predictions suggested the presence of conserved PKD1 uORFs, so we sought to explore their biological role. We generated luciferase reporters and two humanized PKD1 5'UTR mouse models with or without single nucleotide edits removing uORF start codons ("delta-uORF") to define active uORFs and test their impact on PC1 translation. PKD1 uORF start codons can robustly initiate translation and delta-uORF conveys a 2-4-fold increase in PC1 protein expression and resultant prevention of kidney cysts in Dnajb11 as well as in Pkd1 missense models. PKD1 uORF1-blocking steric antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) substantially increase PC1 expression in vitro. PKD1 uORFs play an important role in the low basal expression of wild-type PKD1, and their inhibition represents an opportunity to therapeutically increase PC1 translation in polycystic kidney and liver disease resulting from reduced dosage of PC1.

Odontogenic tumors are common benign dental lesions in adolescents; however, the mixed type is relatively uncommon. When these lesions occur in the mandibular premolar region near the mental foramen, they may lead to nerve compression and displacement of adjacent teeth. Treatment difficulty arises from balancing the complete removal of the lesion with the protection of the nerve. A 13-year-old female presented with a painless mass in the left mandible. CBCT revealed a high-density mass measuring ∼2.2 cm in the left mandibular premolar area, compressing the inferior alveolar nerve near the mental foramen. The left mandibular second premolar was significantly inclined mesially. Under general anesthesia, the lesion was accessed through the vestibular sulcus approach, and bone removal was performed using a piezoelectric bone surgery device. The lesion was completely excised under direct visualization while protecting the mental nerve. Postoperative pathology confirmed a complex odontoma. No abnormal sensation was noted in the lower lip or chin after surgery. The displaced second premolar was observed without immediate traction or extraction. At the 6-month follow-up, no recurrence was observed. The mesial inclination of the left mandibular second premolar improved, and bone repair in the surgical area was satisfactory. Although a complex odontoma located in the mental foramen region is benign, it should be managed as an anatomically high-risk lesion. Combining CBCT with the piezoelectric bone surgery device is beneficial for achieving complete tumor removal and protecting nerves. The phased strategy of "observation first, intervention later" for managing mechanically displaced teeth in adolescents, after removing the compressive lesion, is clinically feasible. This approach reduces overtreatment and supports long-term functional reconstruction.

The Council of Academic Family Medicine (CAFM) Educational Research Alliance (CERA) aims to promote family medicine research. Each year, the members of the four CAFM organizations submit audience-specific survey questions. This paper reviews the methods and demographics of the 2025 General Membership Survey and determine the representativeness of the survey respondents. CERA opened its call for the annual General Membership Survey proposals in August 2025. Fourteen proposals underwent a peer-review process, with five selected for inclusion in the omnibus survey. CAFM members received invitations to complete the survey via SurveyMonkey between October 6, 2025 and November 14, 2025. Demographics of potential survey respondents were compared to demographics of the actual survey respondents using Fisher's exact tests with an &#x3b1; of 0.05. Of the 3,834 CAFM members invited to participate, 884 responded, yielding a response rate of 23.1%. After removing missing data and "choose not to disclose" responses, fewer actual respondents self-identified as underrepresented in medicine compared to potential respondents (16.0% vs 19.4%, P<.001), and actual respondants more often had PhDs as their primary degree (11.5% vs 7.4%, P<0.001) compared to nonrespondents. Age and state/province of practice/program were not significantly different between respondents and nonrespondents. We did not perform statistical analysis on gender and race/ethnicity due to response options lacking mutual exclusivity. Gender showed similar distributions whereas race/ethnicity had a higher percentage of White respondents (75.7% vs 68.9%) and lower Black/African American respondents (4.9% vs 7.6%) between respondents and nonrespondents. CERA explores topics vital to family medicine education, enabling stakeholders to develop informed policies important to family medicine education.

Robotic-assisted decortication has not been reported in post-lung transplant patients. We reviewed 26 consecutive robotic decortication for lung entrapment syndrome from 2019 to 2024. The time from transplant to decortication was 516 days (IQR 260-887). No thoracotomy conversion was necessary. Median chest tube duration was 4 days (IQR 3-6.5), and median length of stay was 6 days (IQR 3-7). Eighty-eight percent of cases achieved complete lung expansion with a median 315 ml improvement in FVC and 235&#x202f;ml improvement in FEV1. The most severe Clavien-Dindo complications included 1 take-back for airleak and 1 re-intubation. Robotic-assisted decortication was well tolerated, safe, and effective at removing the fibrotic pleural disease and reversing previously defunctionalized lung.

Thioesterase PltG is demonstrated to restore the pyoluteorin biosynthetic machinery by removing aberrant intermediates that block ACP, a function distinct from its presumed role in cyclization. Furthermore, DFT calculations indicate the chemical feasibility of the proposed spontaneous cyclization from 1-ACP to intermediate A. Together, our findings redefine the physiological role of PltG and advance the mechanistic understanding of pyoluteorin biosynthesis.

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) pose a significant threat to human health and to the environmentat very low concentrations due to their ability to mimic natural hormones. Adsorption-based removal of EDCs from water is an increasingly attractive decontamination strategy, yet the structural and chemical factors governing the binding of these molecules to common adsorbents remain poorly understood. In this work, we employ well-tempered metadynamics simulations to compute the free energies of adsorption for 12 EDCs on the surface of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SW-CNT). We find that binding free energies correlate broadly with the number of electrons, reflecting the importance of dispersion interactions, but that this relationship has several notable exceptions. Conformational flexibility is identified as an additional critical factor: molecules bearing two aromatic groups connected via a heteroatom (oxygen or nitrogen) can adopt coplanar configurations that maximize &#x3c0;-stacking interactions with the CNT surface, leading to substantially stronger binding. Conversely, sterically rigid molecules, regardless of the presence of aromatic groups or increased number of electrons, bind weakly to the CNT surface. These findings demonstrate that both the chemical composition and conformational flexibility of an EDC must be considered when evaluating the suitability of CNT-based adsorbents for water decontamination applications, as well as showing the importance of extensive computational studies as complementary to experiment.

The persistence of antibiotics in wastewater necessitates advanced treatment strategies to reduce environmental risk. This study investigates the degradation of tetracycline (TC) using a Ti0.7Ru0.3O2-mixed metal oxide (MMO) anode through electrocatalysis (EC), photocatalysis (PC), ozonation (Oz), and their coupled configurations: photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) and electrocatalytic ozonation (ECOz). Water, methanol, and ethanol were used to evaluate solvent-dependent radical generation and degradation pathways in concentrated antibiotic effluents, simulating real-world postadsorption regeneration scenarios. EC achieved >98% removal in water and methanol but was limited in ethanol (92.5%) due to stable carbon-centered radical formation. Ozonation was highly effective in water (99.3%) but failed in organic media (<8%). In contrast, coupled processes (PEC and ECOz) consistently achieved &#x223c;99% removal across all solvents. Notably, ECOz in water exhibited the highest synergy index (SI = 4.76). Mechanistic analysis via LC-MS identified key intermediates, revealing that while single processes often generated persistent and potentially more toxic byproducts, coupled systems promoted deeper oxidation toward mineralization. Effective energy consumption (EEC) calculations showed that process integration significantly improved kinetic rates, offsetting the additional power requirements. These findings demonstrate that integrating electrochemical AOPs is a robust strategy for treating concentrated antibiotic streams, bridging the gap between pollutant separation and safe environmental discharge.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a promising platform for retinal genetic therapy, offering a non-viral alternative to adeno-associated viruses. Although LNPs can transfect outer retinal cells, their transfection profile across inner retinal cell types remains insufficiently characterized. Here, we systematically assessed the cell-type transfection profile of conventional LNPs encapsulating chemically modified mRNA encoding mCherry in murine retinal explants, complemented by experiments in dissociated retinal cell cultures. We compared quasi-subretinal and quasi-intravitreal administrations and evaluated how retinal degeneration and inner limiting membrane (ILM) integrity influence LNP-mediated transfections. We observed that LNPs efficiently transfected M&#xfc;ller glia under all experimental conditions. In addition, LNPs transfected several other retinal cell types, including neurons in dissociated cells and explants, and vascular cells exclusively in explants. Subretinal delivery resulted in higher transfection rates than intravitreal administration, and overall efficiency was higher in degenerate as compared to non-degenerate healthy retinas. In healthy retinas, removal of ILM increased transfection efficiency following intravitreal administration. Together, these findings demonstrate that conventional LNPs can transfect a broader range of retinal cell types than previously recognized and highlight LNPs as a tool for mRNA delivery to the retina, with applications in gene supplementation, editing, and regenerative therapies for inner retinal disorders.

Colloidal caesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) nanocrystals (NCs) are attractive building blocks for optoelectronic devices due to their high optical quality, compositional tunability, and processing versatility. However, post-deposition treatments required to improve film connectivity and charge transport can induce phase instability, most notably the transformation of CsPbBr3 into the layered CsPb2Br5 phase. Here, we present a systematic investigation of how conventional thermal annealing, solvent washing, and ligand-exchange protocols applied to spin-coated CsPbBr3 nanocrystal films drive the formation of mixed-dimensional CsPbBr3/CsPb2Br5 heterostructures under ambient processing conditions. Using structural, morphological, and spectroscopic analyses, we show that solvent exposure-particularly when combined with mild thermal annealing-promotes the emergence of nanoscale CsPb2Br5 domains with treatment-dependent orientation and distribution. High-resolution electron microscopy confirms the intimate coexistence of the 3D and 2D phases within dense polycrystalline films. Steady-state and time-resolved optical spectroscopy, supported by femtosecond transient absorption measurements, reveal that controlled CsPb2Br5 formation can substantially enhance photoluminescence quantum yield and exciton lifetime by suppressing trap-assisted recombination, consistent with the formation of a type-I 3D/2D heterojunction. In contrast, treatments involving bifunctional additives may introduce additional trapping pathways, partially offsetting passivation benefits. Overall, this work clarifies the dual role of post-deposition processing in simultaneously enabling ligand removal and inducing phase transformation, demonstrating that CsPb2Br5 formation can be harnessed as a deliberate strategy to engineer interfacial passivation and improved carrier dynamics in CsPbBr3 nanocrystal thin films.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for the synthesis, modification, and folding of various intracellular proteins. Under strong external stimuli, the ER often undergoes significant structural disorganization and functional abnormalities, a process that generally accelerates the onset and progression of inflammatory responses and related diseases, such as infections and sepsis, digestive system diseases, cancer, neurological disorders, circulatory diseases, and musculoskeletal diseases. Therefore, maintaining ER homeostasis is crucial for delaying the inflammatory process. As an important type of selective autophagy, ER-phagy has transcended merely "waste removal" to become a key cellular hub integrating immune and stress signals. It not only effectively curbs the excessive activation of the NF-&#x3ba;B pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome by timely clearing inflammatory pathogens and ER fragments damaged by calcium store abnormalities and oxidation but also maintains immune cell homeostasis, thereby inhibiting the initiation and spread of excessive inflammatory responses. This review summarizes the key receptors, regulatory mechanisms, and the latest research on ER-phagy in various inflammation-related diseases, aiming to draw academic attention to the important value of ER-phagy in inflammatory diseases.

In this study, a series of bimetallic Fe/Mg-incorporated, N-doped biochars (Fe-Mg@N-BC) was prepared via pyrolysis of coconut shells for paracetamol (PCM) adsorption. In comparison to single-metal and N-doped biochars, Fe-Mg@N-BC exhibited significantly greater adsorption capacity, illustrating the synergistic effect of bimetallic codoping. The Fe-Mg@N-BC with an Fe content of 13.8 wt % (denoted as Fe-Mg@N-BC-3) exhibited the highest adsorption capacity, reaching 157.9 mg/g at 25 &#xb0;C at 0.3 g/L adsorbent loading. The characteristics of Fe-Mg@N-BC-3 were evaluated using FTIR, XRD, XPS, SEM, and EDX, which indicated that metal atoms were uniformly distributed within the carbon layer, resulting in the formation of abundant active sites for PCM adsorption. The excellent performance of Fe-Mg@N-BC-3 was mainly attributed to the formation of favorable active sites and a larger specific surface area of 604.5 m2/g. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms were best described by the pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.9987) and Langmuir model (R2=0.9998), respectively. The effects of Fe content, pH, adsorbent dosages, and water matrix on PCM adsorption were also investigated. Further characterization studies revealed that PCM adsorption on Fe-Mg@N-BC-3 is attributed to a combination of metal complexation, cation-&#x3c0; interactions, hydrogen bonding, and &#x3c0;-&#x3c0; stacking. Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that Fe-Mg@N-BC exhibited increased adsorption energy, thereby strengthening electronic interactions between the adsorbent's surface and PCM. Overall, the high removal efficiency and structural stability of Fe-Mg@N-BC-3 highlight its potential as an effective and environmentally sustainable adsorbent for antibiotic removal from water.

Cannabis produces a diverse array of nonpolar metabolites, including cannabinoids and terpenes, making nonpolar hydrocarbon solvents well-suited for extracting inhalable concentrates. In practice, these extracts also contain a poorly characterized nonpolar fraction colloquially termed "fats and waxes," which can be removed by winterization. To clarify the composition and process dependence of this fraction, we examined n-butane extractions of two cannabis varieties (GMO and Oreoz) across the industrially relevant temperature range of -46 &#xb0;C to -9 &#xb0;C. Using GC&#xd7;GC-TOF-MS/FID, we identified long-chain n-alkanes (C22-C31), consistent with epicuticular wax constituents, as major components whose abundance increases systematically with extraction temperature, while total cannabinoids and quantified volatile aroma compounds remain relatively constant over the same range. Viscosity measurements show only modest changes with wax loading, indicating limited impact on bulk rheology at the concentrations studied. Aerosol capture experiments demonstrate that these n-alkanes transfer efficiently into the mainstream aerosol and that aerosol wax levels track their concentrations in the starting high-terpene extract with an approximately linear relationship. Lowering the extraction temperature reduces both wax content in the oil and the corresponding wax dose in the aerosol, with up to &#x2248;3-fold reductions depending on cultivar. These results establish extraction temperature as a practical control point for minimizing epicuticular wax coextraction in hydrocarbon-derived cannabis concentrates, demonstrating that lower temperatures selectively reduce long-chain n-alkane content while preserving cannabinoid potency and native-like aroma profiles. The efficient transfer of these alkanes into mainstream aerosol further indicates that extraction conditions directly influence consumer inhalation exposure to wax-derived constituents.

This study establishes a three-layer porosity gradient optimization framework for the cathode gas diffusion layer (GDL) of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), concurrently considering mass transport, electrical conductivity, and permeability, and systematically investigates its performance under different mass flow rate (stoichiometric ratio) conditions in serpentine and sinusoidal flow fields. The results reveal a pronounced operating-condition dependence of the optimal porosity gradient. At high mass flow rates, where oxygen supply is sufficient and liquid water accumulation becomes the dominant constraint, a mild decreasing porosity distribution (0.6/0.5/0.4) effectively balances oxygen diffusion and water removal. However, as the mass flow rate decreases, oxygen transport resistance gradually becomes the controlling factor in the electrode, requiring enhanced diffusivity and permeability near the catalyst layer. Consequently, a steeper porosity gradient (0.7/0.4/0.4) leads to improved current density. Performance comparisons further demonstrate that applying the optimized three-layer porosity distribution to a serpentine flow field yields a current density enhancement nearly equivalent to that achieved by a sinusoidal serpentine channel with a 0.15 mm amplitude, without requiring structural modifications to the flow channel. This significantly reduces manufacturing complexity and cost while enhancing engineering feasibility. When the optimized porosity is further coupled with the sinusoidal flow field, a synergistic enhancement occurs, where transverse mixing and vertical drainage effects are jointly strengthened, achieving an additional 5-6% increase in current density compared with the conventional uniform GDL. Contour-based analyses confirm that porosity optimization enhances oxygen penetration, promotes liquid water removal, and improves drainage pathways near the catalyst layer, which constitute the key physical mechanisms underlying the performance improvement. Overall, this study proposes a mass-flow-dependent porosity gradient design principle and demonstrates that material-level optimization can partially substitute geometric flow-field redesign under certain conditions, providing a low-cost and highly manufacturable pathway for PEMFC structural optimization.

Adverse weather causes diverse and complex image degradations, severely compromising the reliability of computer vision systems. Existing all-in-one restoration models attempt to address multiple degradation types within a unified framework, but often lack explicit spatial and semantic modeling of degradation characteristics, limiting their adaptability to diverse weather conditions. To address this limitation, we propose a Degradation-Aware Cross-Modal Prompt Compensation Network (DCMPC-Net) that leverages cross-modal degradation cues from a pre-trained vision-language model to condition restoration features within a unified backbone. Specifically, our DCMPC-Net mainly consists of the Cross-Modal Prompt Generator (CMPG), Prompt-Guided Attention Alignment Module (PGAAM), and Dual Feature Compensation Module (DFCM). The CMPG integrates textual embeddings with visual features to produce degradation-aware prompts that encode degradation-related semantic and contextual cues. These prompts are injected into the decoder via a PGAAM, which adaptively aligns semantic information with degraded regions to facilitate context-aware restoration. To further enhance structural fidelity, DFCM is introduced that disentangles degradation artifacts from scene structures, thereby improving the reconstruction of fine textures and detailed content. By integrating cross-modal semantic guidance with spatial alignment and structural enhancement, DCMPC-Net achieves robust and perceptually consistent restoration across diverse weather conditions. Extensive experiments show that DCMPC-Net outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both task-specific and unified settings, achieving superior accuracy and visual fidelity. The code is available at https://github.com/fanamber831/DCMPC-Net.

Smartphones are central to digital health environments, yet their color-rich interfaces may increase visual salience and habitual engagement. Grayscale mode removes color saturation, potentially reducing attentional capture during digital task use. We conducted a cross-over feasibility trial involving first-year medical students at an allopathic medical school. Participants were assigned in a 1:1 alternating sequence based on order of enrollment to use either grayscale screen settings or standard color display for one week, followed by a crossover to the alternate condition for a second week. Participants recorded daily screen time using their smartphone's built-in tracking feature and completed end-of-week surveys assessing attitudes regarding sleep quality and productivity. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze differences in screen time between conditions. Fifty-one participants completed the study. Grayscale mode was associated with a statistically significant reduction in mean daily screen time compared to color display (mean reduction 28&#x2005;min per day; p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05). The effect was consistent across intervention order. Qualitative comments suggested reduced habitual engagement alongside usability challenges for certain tasks. Grayscale mode represents a low-cost, scalable interface-level intervention associated with reduced smartphone screen time. These findings provide preliminary evidence that modifying visual features of widely available consumer technology may influence digital engagement patterns in high-demand learning environments.

Understanding the fate and transformation of antibiotics is essential for controlling antibiotic pollution in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This study integrated metagenomics, metaproteomics, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and pathway analysis to elucidate the behavior of ciprofloxacin (CIP), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and roxithromycin (ROX) under single- and mixed-antibiotic exposures in an activated sludge system. Fate analysis revealed divergent pathways: SMX was predominantly biodegraded (>70%), whereas CIP and ROX were mainly adsorbed onto sludge, showing poor removal and high effluent residuals (CIP > 50%, ROX > 60%). Under mixed-antibiotic stress, microorganisms favored lower-energy degradation pathways, leading to simplified (skip-step) transformations. MD simulations unveiled that within the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix, the protein fraction exhibited the strongest binding. Docking and MD simulations on a proteomics-derived interface-associated protein (OmpA) revealed a co-adsorption behavior under mixed-antibiotic exposure, where CIP strongly anchored through multipoint hydrogen bonding/electrostatic interactions and facilitated SMX stabilization in the same pocket via aromatic stacking. Multi-omics analyses revealed a microbial "survival-first" strategy dominated by resistance and repair. Notably, transporter-related stress responses were prominent under mixed stress, and several ABC transporter-associated components (e.g., K02003/K02004 and K02033) were negatively correlated with removal efficiency, coinciding with reduced degradation by key genera such as Micropruina and Ottowia. Under mixed-antibiotic stress, a confluence of reinforced resistance (e.g., Type IV secretion system K03205), altered EPS binding, and skewed energy allocation (e.g., downregulation of cofactor synthesis ko01240) led to incomplete degradation and widespread persistence. This study provides a multiscale theoretical framework for optimizing WWTPs to control antibiotic pollution.

Uterine vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) represents one of the latest developments in the field of transplant surgery and treatment of uterine-factor infertility. Unlike other forms of VCA, uterine transplantation involves a temporary allograft, pregnancy-associated physiologic and pharmacokinetic changes, and complex maternal-fetal immunologic interactions, creating distinct challenges in immunosuppression management. Herein, we perform a comprehensive review of the latest and relevant literature on immunosuppressive strategies in the context of VCA and pregnancy, with particular emphasis on their relevance to uterine VCA. Evidence from solid organ transplantation, autoimmune disease, and reported uterine transplant protocols was synthesized to inform stage-specific management strategies. Available data support corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, azathioprine, and hydroxychloroquine as pregnancy-compatible agents, whereas mycophenolate mofetil, methotrexate, and cyclophosphamide remain contraindicated due to teratogenicity. Pregnancy-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes significantly influence drug exposure and necessitate individualized dosing and close therapeutic monitoring. Emerging evidence suggests that pregnancy-associated immune modulation, including regulatory T-cell expansion and microchimerism, may reduce rejection risk, although this remains incompletely characterized. Based on best available evidence, we present a summary for immunosuppressive management spanning induction, preconception optimization, pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum graft removal. Future priorities include development of noninvasive rejection monitoring, precision pharmacokinetic modeling, and tolerance-inducing strategies to improve maternal, fetal, and allograft outcomes in uterine transplantation.