YOLOv3-tiny is widely used in edge-oriented object detection, but its deployment on resource-constrained platforms is limited by high computational cost and the limited flexibility of conventional processors. This paper presents a RISC-V-based acceleration framework for YOLOv3-tiny inference that combines a tightly coupled CPU-accelerator architecture with runtime-reconfigurable hardware support. A Hummingbird E203 core is integrated with a dedicated accelerator through the NICE interface, and 11 custom instructions are introduced for data movement, convolution control, and post-processing. The hardware adopts a runtime-reconfigurable systolic array supporting multiple convolution kernel sizes, together with activation, pooling, fully connected, and detection-oriented post-processing modules. The design is implemented on an Artix-7 FPGA and evaluated using a hardware-oriented YOLOv3-tiny workload, supplemented by module-level analysis and same-platform baseline comparisons. Experimental results show a 79.5% reduction in convolution execution time and a 4.89 × speed-up over the baseline RISC-V processor. Hardware-supported post-processing further reduces the cycle cost of sorting and IoU-related computation by 60.55% and 45.44%, respectively. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed processor-coupled acceleration architecture for YOLOv3-tiny-based detection inference on edge platforms.
Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs), including small interfering (si) and micro (mi) RNAs, are components of the RNA interference (RNAi) pathways regulating vital processes. These various sRNAs act via specialized executor ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins constituting RNA induced silencing complexes (RISCs). In Arabidopsis, miRNAs load mainly into AGO1, while 24-nucleotide (nt) long siRNAs load into AGO4, typically. However, a large subset of sRNAs is present in the cytoplasm in AGO-unbound form. To uncover the potential importance of tissue specific AGO-loading efficiency of sRNAs in an economically important plant we used pepper fruits, dissected into pericarp, placenta, and seed and the ratio between AGO-loaded and -unloaded sRNA pools was investigated with high throughput sequencing. In agreement with the previous studies, variable loading capacity of sRNAs was discovered with an abundant AGO-unbound pool. The investigated pools showed a surprisingly high prevalence of 21-22-24-nt long siRNAs even in the high molecular weight RISC. The dynamically expanding pericarp exhibited extremely high 21-nt long miRNA content. Moreover, comparing the different tissues, a drastic redistribution or elimination of 21- and 24-nt sRNAs in various sRNA-protein complexes and changes in unbound sRNA pools were observed demonstrating the highly dynamic alteration in AGO-loading properties of the sRNAs. These data imply that during fruit development sRNAs are dynamically sorted into various executor complexes in a controlled manner. This finding also implies that analysis of the content of AGO-sRNA complexes together with the AGO-unbound population of these sRNAs can be a useful tool to identify potentially functional sRNAs.
Developing white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) with high exciton utilization, balanced charge transport, and stable complementary emission remains a challenge for solid-state lighting and display applications. Herein, a triplet reverse intersystem crossing (RISC)-assisted strategy is proposed to enhance triplet exciton harvesting to construct efficient hybrid WOLEDs. The increased RISC channels promote the up-conversion of triplet excitons into radiative singlet excitons, thereby improving the overall exciton utilization efficiency. By further introducing an ultrathin PO-01 layer as an orange orange-emitting component, a hybrid WOLED with a current efficiency of 49.1 cd/A and 34.8 lm/W is realized. Moreover, suppressed efficiency roll-offs and stable spectra are achieved due to balanced charge transport. This work provides a practical route toward high-performance WOLEDs.
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Achieving a balance between the radiative decay rate (kr) and the reverse intersystem-crossing (rISC) rate (krISC) persists as a fundamental hurdle in thermally activated delayed-fluorescence (TADF) emitters because the processes depend oppositely on the overlap of frontier molecular orbitals. We computationally designed and explored 30 [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine (TP)-based donor-π-acceptor emitters divided into two molecular series, 2,6TP and 2,7TP, according to the site for substituting the donor-appended phenyl linker on the TP acceptor core. The relationships among the donor-acceptor dihedral angle (θDA), singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST), spin-orbit coupling (SOC), radiative decay rate (kr), reverse intersystem crossing rates (krISC), reorganization energy (λ), and activation energy (ΔGrISC) governing the excited-state dynamics were systematically analyzed. The ortho-substituted dimethylacridine-based emitters exhibit nearly optimal dihedral angles (∼77°-78°), resulting in low reorganization energies (λ ≈ 0.22-0.30 eV), small ΔEST values (∼0.05 eV), moderate SOC matrix elements (∼0.3-0.4 cm-1), enhanced kr values (>105 s-1), and krISC values exceeding 106 s-1, together with low activation barriers for rISC (ΔGrISC ≈ 0.08-0.10 eV). The results further demonstrate that ΔGrISC is governed strongly by λ in addition to ΔEST, indicating that minimizing ΔEST alone is insufficient to ensure efficient TADF performance. Overall, this study offers a comprehensive design framework for developing high-performance TP-based TADF emitters for potential organic light-emitting diode applications through synergistic optimization of molecular geometry, reorganization energy, and activation energy.
Ultra-narrowband multiple resonance (MR) thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters are crucial for next-generation ultra-high-definition full-color displays. However, current blue MR-TADF emitters still face significant challenges in simultaneously achieving ultra-narrowband emission, high quantum efficiency, and a fast reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rate (kRISC). Herein, we propose a boron-oxygen (B─O) bond-embedded design strategy and develop a nanographene-based MR-TADF molecule containing 17-fused rings. This tetraboron compound, 4B4N2O, exhibits ultra-narrow blue emission in n-hexane solution with an emission peak at 461 nm and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of only 11 nm. Benefiting from its high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY = 99%), high horizontal dipole ratio (Θ// = 93%), and fast kRISC (5.32 × 105 s-1), the corresponding device achieves an excellent external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 40.3% and low efficiency roll-off (EQE1000 = 31.4%). Moreover, the device exhibits an ultra-narrow electroluminescence (EL) FWHM of 16 nm and CIE coordinates of (0.11, 0.18). The ultra-narrowband tetraboron emitter presented herein holds great promise for enabling next-generation energy-saving ultra-high-definition displays and AR/VR technologies.
Previous research presented mixed results on the relationship between mental resilience, that is, the ability to adapt to stress of major life events, and the frequency and severity of experiencing alcohol hangovers. An online survey among n = 854 UK and Irish adults who consume alcohol was conducted to investigate this relationship. Mental resilience was assessed with the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 2). No significant correlations were found between mental resilience and alcohol consumption outcomes. Correlations between mental resilience and hangover frequency and severity were small and not significant (all: |r| < -0.1). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that mental resilience was not a significant predictor of hangover severity (BRS: B = 0.039; 95% CI: -0.127, 0.205; p = 0.644, and CD-RISC 2: B = -0.008; 95% CI: -0.077, 0.092; p = 0.841) or hangover frequency (BRS: B = -0.078; 95% CI: -0.168, 0.012, p = 0.091, and CD-RISC 2: B = -0.043; 95% CI: -0.089, 0.003; p = 0.065).Together, these findings suggest that any association between mental resilience and alcohol hangover outcomes is likely to be small and of limited practical relevance.
Infertility negatively impacts mental health and quality of life, with social avoidance and distress (SAD) being a key but underrecognized issue. This study aims to analyze SAD risk factors in infertility patients. A retrospective study of 205 infertility patients (October 2022-July 2025) was divided into SAD (n = 93) and non-SAD (n = 112) groups. LASSO regression and XGBoost identified key variables, followed by logistic regression and ROC analysis. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in age, education, residence, income, infertility stigma scale (ISS), self-esteem scale (SES), cognitive dismantling scale (CD-RISC) and social relationship quality scale (SRQS) scores. Five common factors (age, ISS, SES, CD-RISC, SRQS) were identified. Logistic regression showed age (OR = 1.333) and ISS (OR = 1.101) as risk factors, while SES (OR = 0.726), CD-RISC (OR = 0.876) and SRQS (OR = 0.863) were protective (P < 0.05). AUC values ranged 0.694-0.723, showing only modest discriminative ability. SAD in infertility patients is independently associated with age, ISS, SES, CD-RISC and SRQS scores, each with moderate predictive value. These findings support the application of the above indicators for early identification and risk assessment of SAD among infertile populations.
One of the key factors affecting the stability and efficiency roll-off of organic light-emitting diodes is the rate constant of reverse intersystem crossing (kRISC), which is itself influenced by both the magnitude of the singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST) and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) matrix elements. Most MR-TADF emitters possess relatively large ΔEST and small SOC. With the goal of designing an MR-TADF compound having a small ΔEST and strong SOC that emits in the deep blue region, here we report a heavy atom-free boron-nitrogen-carbonyl hybrid MR-TADF emitter, DDOBDiKTa, which emits at λPL of 438 nm in toluene with a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 33 nm. DDOBDiKTa has a ΦPL of 70% and a ΔEST of 0.05 eV in 5 wt% doped films in 26DCzPPy. Remarkably, without any heavy atoms, this emitter shows fast prompt, τp, and delayed, τd, fluorescence lifetimes of 2.3 ns and 1.48 µs, respectively, leading to a kRISC of 1.98 ×106 s-1 in 26DCzPPy. This is one of the fastest kRISC values among reported MR-TADF emitters that have no heavy atoms. The OLED showed EQEmax/EQE10000 of 23.0%/10%, demonstrating unusually mild efficiency roll-off for a blue device.
Multiple trauma, resulting from high-energy traumatic events such as traffic accidents or falls from height, involves severe injuries to multiple body parts and is often associated with high mortality and long-term psychological sequelae, posing significant challenges to patients' quality of life and functional recovery. Posttraumatic growth, as a positive psychological concept, refers to positive psychological changes following trauma, including enhanced personal strength and improved relationships. Initial psychological assessment is used in trauma care for early risk identification, but its prognostic value for long-term posttraumatic growth is limited in existing studies due to issues such as small sample sizes and short follow-up periods, lacking systematic evaluation. To explore the prognostic value of initial psychological assessment on long-term posttraumatic growth in patients with multiple trauma, by evaluating psychological and clinical outcome indicators to verify its early predictive capability. This retrospective cohort study included 160 multiple trauma patients treated between May 2022 and December 2024. Based on electronic health records, patients who had undergone a standardized psychological assessment (HADS) within 24 h of admission constituted the observation group (n = 80), while those without such an assessment formed the control group (n = 80). All patients underwent standard multiple trauma treatment protocols, and long-term outcomes were assessed at 6 months after discharge using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Acceptance of Disability Scale (AODS), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Data collection involved electronic medical record systems and an online questionnaire platform, with statistical analyses including intergroup comparisons and correlation assessments. The observation group showed significantly higher PTGI total scores compared to the control group (t = 3.462, P < 0.05), higher AODS scores (t = 2.793, P < 0.05), and higher CD-RISC scores (t = 2.341, P < 0.05). In terms of clinical outcomes, the observation group had shorter hospital stays (t = 2.127, P < 0.05), lower complication rates (χ2 = 4.012, P < 0.05), lower readmission rates (χ2 = 4.178, P < 0.05), and reduced pain intensity (t = 2.339, P < 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that PTGI scores were negatively correlated with hospital stay (r = -0.237, P < 0.05) and positively correlated with CD-RISC scores (r = 0.348, P < 0.05), while AODS scores were negatively correlated with complication rates (r = -0.286, P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression revealed that age and injury severity scores negatively predicted PTGI total scores. Subgroup analysis demonstrated better outcomes in the observation group among patients injured in traffic accidents. Receipt of an initial psychological assessment is associated with more favorable long-term psychological and clinical outcomes in patients with multiple trauma, including higher levels of posttraumatic growth, greater disability acceptance, enhanced resilience, shorter hospitalization, and reduced pain intensity. These findings suggest the potential prognostic value of early psychological screening and support its consideration in holistic trauma care, although prospective validation is required before definitive clinical recommendations can be made.
To explore the chain mediating effects of resilience and self-efficacy on the association between social support and quality of life (QoL) among patients with severe stroke. This cross-sectional study enrolled 272 inpatients between June 2023 and June 2025. Validated instruments were used to assess social support (SSRS), resilience (CD-RISC), self-efficacy (GSES), and quality of life (QoL) (SS-QOL). PROCESS Model 6 with 5,000 bias-corrected bootstrap samples was used to test sequential mediation while adjusting for key covariates. Mean scores indicated moderate levels of social support, resilience, self-efficacy, and QoL. Quality of life scores were significantly higher among patients aged <60 years compared to those aged ≥60 years (54.62 ± 14.07 vs. 49.34 ± 13.12), among patients with higher education levels (college or above: 54.73 ± 14.27 vs. primary school or below: 47.26 ± 11.38), among patients covered by Employee Health Insurance compared to self-funded patients (53.26 ± 13.42 vs. 42.36 ± 11.25), and among patients with lower NIHSS scores (10-14 points: 56.38 ± 13.45 vs. 15-24 points: 46.44 ± 12.41). All comparisons were statistically significant at P < 0.05. All main variables were positively correlated. The direct association between social support and QoL was significant (adjusted unstandardized β = 0.88, 95% CI [0.790, 0.975]), accounting for 53.5% of the total association. The three indirect associations were: (1) SSRS - CD-RISC - SS-QOL: β = 0.255, 95% CI [0.192, 0.329]; (2) SSRS - GSES - SS-QOL: β = 0.126, 95% CI [0.020, 0.208]; and (3) SSRS - CD-RISC - GSES - SS-QOL: β = 0.385, 95% CI [0.289, 0.510],supporting the hypothesized chain mediation model. Social support was strongly associated with QoL, both directly and indirectly through resilience and self-efficacy and their sequential pathways. These findings highlight potential intervention targets, although causal inferences are limited by the study's cross-sectional design. Strengthening social support and related psychological resources may improve rehabilitation outcomes in patients with severe strokes.
Multiresonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters are renowned for their intrinsic narrowband emission characteristics. However, practical MR-TADF materials often exhibit nonnegligible spectral broadening. Herein, we present a theoretical investigation into para-substituted Cz-BDTP derivatives to elucidate how para-substituents modulate vibrational coupling to regulate emission line width and color purity. Systematic studies reveal that para-substitution significantly narrows the singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST) by >0.3 eV, thereby markedly enhancing the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rate. CB-BDTP-p-Nitro exhibits a RISC rate constant reaching 2.098 × 109 s-1, giving a calculated delayed fluorescence quantum yield (Φd) of 97.04% within the present kinetic model while also showing the broadest adiabatic emission profile in this series with a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 45 nm. Through the analysis of Huang-Rhys (HR) factors and fluorescence spectra, we identified the vibrational modes contributing to this broadening. Nonadiabatic dynamics simulations further reveal that substituents modulate the degree of singlet-triplet state mixing on ultrafast time scales. By correlating the electronic structure, vibrational coupling, and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) simulations, this work establishes a physically consistent framework linking molecular structure to emission line width. These findings provide molecular-level guidance for achieving high color purity in MR-TADF emitters through suppression of low-frequency vibrational activation and minimization of excited-state structural relaxation.
Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) can serve as an effective pathway for inducing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), but the underlying mechanism by which it triggers TADF remains to be fully elucidated. Herein, we explore the photophysical mechanisms of ESIPT-mediated TADF behavior in salicylaldehyde Schiff base derivatives. Theoretical calculations reveal that the key to truly triggering TADF lies not in the favorable ESIPT kinetic barrier but in whether ESIPT further enhances the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). The synergistic enhancement effect of ESIPT and ICT reduces the singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST), thereby facilitating rapid intersystem crossing (ISC) and reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). Furthermore, the reorganization energy (λ) is another crucial factor governing TADF. Even in systems with an extremely small ΔEST, a large λ significantly suppresses the ISC/RISC. These results provide an important molecular design strategy for developing high-performance ESIPT-TADF materials.
The increasing number of employed mothers in the workforce is an inevitable trend in China. Employed mothers may stop breastfeeding due to work-related stressors. However, many mothers overcome these challenges and continue breastfeeding after returning to work. This study aimed to develop and validate a tool to understand employed mothers' experiences with continuing breastfeeding after returning to work, based on Kumpfer's Resilience Framework, in China. The study comprised three phases. Phase 1 involved item pool generation through a literature review, focus groups, and a Delphi survey, followed by pre-testing with 15 mothers to finalize the breastfeeding resilience scale (BRS) trial version. In Phase 2, the trial BRS was administered in a cross-sectional survey of employed mothers from 18 provincial-level regions of China who were recruited using purposive sampling, and valid responses from 172 participants were included in item analysis and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to develop the provisional BRS. In Phase 3, the provisional BRS and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were administered in a cross-sectional survey of employed mothers from 23 provincial-level regions of China who had returned to work, using purposive sampling. Valid responses from 200 participants were included to evaluate reliability and validity and develop the formal BRS. Reliability was examined using internal consistency and split-half coefficients. Validity was assessed through content, construct, convergent, discriminant, and criterion-related validity analyses. The formal BRS contains 24 items across five dimensions. Cronbach's α was 0.897 (95% CI: 0.875-0.916) for the overall scale, and Cronbach's α coefficients for the five dimensions ranged from 0.750 (95% CI: 0.683-0.805) to 0.875 (95% CI: 0.847-0.900). Split-half reliability was 0.787. EFA yielded five factors explaining 63.139% of the variance, with all item loadings exceeding 0.50. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that most fit indices met the recommended criteria, with χ²/df = 1.654, RMSEA = 0.057, CFI = 0.923, IFI = 0.924, TLI = 0.912, although GFI = 0.860 and NFI = 0.828 were below the 0.90 cutoff. Average variance extracted (AVE) values ranged from 0.441 to 0.570, with the social dimension having an AVE of 0.441, and composite reliability (CR) values ranged from 0.755 to 0.876. Correlation coefficients among the dimensions were below 0.50, and the square roots of the AVE values for each dimension ranged from 0.663 to 0.755. Correlations between BRS dimensions and the total score on the CD-RISC criterion scale ranged from 0.410 to 0.629, all statistically significant. This study developed and validated a Breastfeeding Resilience Scale for employed mothers after returning to work. It may provide healthcare workers engaged in breastfeeding promotion with an assessment tool to identify employed mothers' intrinsic motivation and psychological resilience throughout their breastfeeding journey. Not applicable.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) imposes a significant burden on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, comprehensive studies examining HRQoL and its biopsychosocial determinants in Chinese NMOSD patients remain scarce. In this cross-sectional study, 216 Chinese patients with NMOSD underwent clinical evaluation for neurological disability (EDSS) and completed a battery of standardized self-report measures. These scales assessed HRQoL (SF-36), basic activities of daily living (BADL), depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), sleep quality (PSQI), psychological resilience (CD-RISC), perceived social support (PSSS), general alienation (GAS), and social avoidance and distress (SAD). Multiple stepwise linear regression analyses were employed to identify independent associated factors of the Physical (PCS) and Mental (MCS) Component Summaries of the SF-36. The cohort (median age 37, 85.2% female) showed significantly reduced median PCS (55.5) and MCS (51.0), with role-physical (25.0) and role-emotional (33.3) most impaired. In multivariate analysis, older age (β = -0.194), depressive symptoms (PHQ-9; β = -0.290), social avoidance (SAD; β = -0.128), and poor sleep (PSQI; β = -0.282) independently associated worse PCS (adjusted R 2 = 0.402). For MCS (adjusted R 2 = 0.576), depressive symptoms (β = -0.439), social avoidance (β = -0.135), poor sleep quality (β = -0.267), and lower resilience (CD-RISC; β = 0.127) were significant associated factors. (all p < 0.05). Psychosocial factors critically influence HRQoL in Chinese NMOSD patients. Multidimensional, culturally sensitive interventions targeting mental health, sleep, and social functioning may provide insights for improving patient outcomes.
Hair regeneration depends on a complex interplay between the activation of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), maintenance of inductive capacity in the dermal papilla (DP), and the re-establishment of immune microenvironmental homeostasis. Collectively, this interplay underlies a fundamental 'restart' of a multicellular regenerative network. In their role as post-transcriptional regulators, micro-RNAs (miRNAs) exert network-level control over cell fate transitions, paracrine signaling, inflammatory thresholds, and fibrotic processes via the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). For this reason, miRNAs have emerged in recent years as key targets for hair regenerative therapies. Recent studies indicate that miRNAs enhance HFSC entry into the active growth phase (i.e., anagen) through pro-regenerative signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin and Sonic hedgehog (Shh), while also mediating the initiation of catagen phase via TGF-β/BMP signaling, extracellular matrix remodeling, and androgen receptor (AR)-associated regressive signaling. In some immune-mediated alopecias (e.g., alopecia areata), miRNA regulation of inflammatory axes, including IFN-γ/JAK-STAT and NF-κB, provides additional therapeutic targets that could potentially be exploited to restore hair follicle immune privilege. In this context, miRNA mimics and inhibitors (e.g., antagomirs and locked nucleic acids, LNAs) enable gain-of-function or blockade, respectively, providing tools that can be used individually or as combined regimens to stimulate regeneration simultaneous with anti-regression/immune remodeling. Recent developments using chemical modifications (e.g., 2'-O modifications, 2'-F, and LNA) improve nucleic-acid stability and modulate RISC loading. From a delivery standpoint, lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanocarriers, exosome mimetics, and physical enhancement strategies such as microneedles and iontophoresis may help overcome the skin barrier and exploit the follicular "reservoir effect" for localized targeting. Major barriers to clinical translation remain, however, including off-target and network side effects arising from miRNAs' multi-cellular roles in vivo, risk of local immunogenicity and inflammation, alignment of dose-schedule with the hair cycle, and batch consistency with CMC/quality-control requirements for delivery systems. This review summarizes recent developments in understanding the mechanisms, delivery platforms, and translational challenges of miRNAs and their mimics in hair regeneration. It further proposes a translational roadmap centered on modular pathway-guided combinatorial nucleic-acid strategies, follicle-targeted delivery, and standardization of efficacy endpoints to inform future clinical development in this area.
Loneliness and social isolation increase the risk of physical and mental disorders in older adults, while resilience may mitigate this risk. The evidence that medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures are associated with loneliness, social isolation, and resilience is largely cross-sectional. This study examined whether baseline MTL structures were associated with loneliness, social isolation, or resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. 114 older adults (59 females; mean age: 73.8 ± 5.6 years) completed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before the pandemic (mean interval: 1182.6 ± 559.1 days). They presented with normal cognition (NC; n = 46), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 28), or remitted major depressive disorder (rMDD; n = 40). Amygdala and hippocampal volumes and entorhinal cortex thickness on T1-weighted MRI scans were analyzed using FreeSurfer 7.0. Measures included the UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA), the Social Network Index (SNI), the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Linear regressions were adjusted for demographic and clinical covariates. Larger amygdala and hippocampal volumes at baseline were associated with higher resilience (CD-RISC: B = 0.014, p < .001; B = 0.0042, p = .018, respectively). Larger amygdala volumes were associated with lower loneliness (B = -0.013, p = .027), although this finding did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Sex was associated with loneliness and BRS resilience; females reported greater loneliness and lower resilience than males. Our findings provide hypothesis-generating evidence that amygdala and hippocampal volumes may represent neural correlates of resilience and loneliness in aging that could inform future interventions.
Single-component, metal-free organic emitters capable of both thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) hold great potential for next-generation optoelectronic devices, yet precise control over these emissions remains challenging. The manipulation of dark triplet states may offer a promising strategy in this regard. Here, we strategically designed four donor-acceptor molecules, QnD1Br, QnD2, QnPh1Br, and QnPh2, and their photophysical properties were investigated through both experimental and theoretical spectroscopy. Brominated derivatives with a single donor unit (QnD1Br and QnPh1Br) show dual emission: TADF results from reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) via the higher-lying T2 state to S1, while RTP from the T1 state. Conversely, molecules with multiple donor units (QnD2 and QnPh2) exhibit only TADF, as increased π-conjugation stabilises T2 and subsequently reduces the T1-T2 gap, thereby enhancing vibronic coupling (VC), which facilitates RISC via the T1-T2-S1 pathway. Interestingly, these molecules do not show any RTP because at elevated temperature, the enhanced vibronic coupling facilitates the non-radiative decay from T1-S0. These findings highlight that tailoring higher triplet-state energies through molecular design enables control over emission pathways. This consolidated research described herein may open up new avenues for designing TADF/RTP-based potential organic OLED materials.
High-performance blue emitters remain a major bottleneck for next-generation organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays. Although multiresonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials offer exceptional color purity, their practical use is often limited by slow reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), leading to triplet accumulation, efficiency roll-off, and device degradation. Here, we report three aggregation-induced emission TADF emitters (23PalCBP, 23PclCBP, and 32PclCBP) constructed from indolocarbazole donors and a benzophenone acceptor. Among them, 32PclCBP exhibits a very small singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST = 0.01 eV) and a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 0.88 in doped films, affording OLEDs with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 29.3%. When employed as sensitizers in hyperfluorescence (HF) devices with the MR-TADF emitter BNMIPAPh, both sensitized systems deliver narrowband blue emission with a full width at half-maximum of 27 nm. The 32PclCBP-sensitized device achieves a balanced performance with an EQEmax of 28.6% and a substantially reduced efficiency roll-off of 22.7% at 1000 cd m-2, together with modestly improved operational stability relative to the nonsensitized MR-TADF reference. In comparison, the 23PalCBP-sensitized device affords a higher EQEmax of 30.9%, albeit with a larger efficiency roll-off of 31.1%. These results demonstrate that the synergistic optimization of multiple photophysical parameters, including high PLQY, low nonradiative decay, small ΔEST, and moderate RISC kinetics, enables efficient, high-color-purity, and low-roll-off sky-blue HF OLEDs.
Frailty is prevalent and dynamic in older people living with HIV and is associated with adverse outcomes. Lifestyle support is recommended but difficult to deliver at scale. Digital self-access education may help, although evidence in older, multimorbid populations is limited. This study aims to evaluate 6-month changes in frailty phenotype and related outcomes after a QR code-enabled self-access lifestyle education program on Mediterranean diet and exercise routines for people living with HIV aged ≥60 years. We conducted a pragmatic, single-arm, quasi-experimental exploratory pretest-posttest evaluation in the HIV outpatient clinic of University Hospital Costa del Sol (Marbella, Spain). Participants received a trifold leaflet with QR codes linking to curated YouTube videos on Mediterranean diet and aerobic or resistance exercise, as an adjunct to usual care. Frailty was assessed using the Fried frailty phenotype. Secondary outcomes included frailty criteria, patient-reported measures (Insomnia Severity Index [ISI], 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale [CD-RISC-10], University of California, Los Angeles, Loneliness Scale [ULS], and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale categories), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), Mediterranean diet adherence (MEDAS), and inflammatory and immunologic markers. Frailty transitions were summarized descriptively; paired dichotomous variables were analyzed with McNemar test, and continuous variables with a paired t test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. All tests were 2-tailed. Of 52 enrolled participants, 50 (96.2%) were included at 6 months. Frailty transitions were frequent and bidirectional and occurred only between adjacent states. Of 4 frail participants at baseline, 2 transitioned to prefrail; of 25 prefrail participants, 5 improved to robust and 6 progressed to frail; and of 21 robust participants, 10 transitioned to prefrail. No statistically significant changes were observed in inflammatory and immunologic markers, physical activity, or MEDAS scores. Insomnia improved (from a median ISI score of 6.5, IQR 4-9 to a median of 4.0, IQR 2-7; P=.001; r=0.49), resilience increased (median CD-RISC-10 32.0, IQR 28-36 to 37.0, IQR 33-40; P<.001; r=0.65), and loneliness worsened (median ULS 34.5, IQR 30-39 to 38.0, IQR 34-42; P=.001; r=0.49). Grip strength did not improve among participants with impaired baseline strength. In this uncontrolled exploratory study, selected psychosocial outcomes changed over 6 months after delivery of a QR code-enabled lifestyle education strategy, whereas no clear short-term changes were observed in lifestyle, strength, or biomarker outcomes. Findings should be interpreted as exploratory and hypothesis-generating rather than causal.