搜索结果：Psychiatria Hungarica : A Magyar Pszichiatriai Tarsasag tudomanyos folyoirata

Our Hungarian cross-sectional study highlights the crucial mediating role that adult attachment styles play in the relationship between early traumas and suicidal behaviour, shaping how individuals process and respond to traumatic experiences. Early traumas, such as abuse or neglect, often disrupt the development of secure attachment, leading to insecure styles in adulthood-such as anxious or avoidant attachment. These insecure attachment styles influence emotional regulation, interpersonal relationships, and coping mechanisms, thereby exacerbating feelings of isolation and despair. For instance, anxious attachment can intensify fear of abandonment and hypersensitivity to rejection, increasing emotional instability and suicidal ideation. Conversely, avoidant attachment may lead to emotional suppression and reluctance to seek support, amplifying feelings of hopelessness. Psychopathological symptoms resulting from early trauma-such as depression and PTSD-are often filtered through these attachment patterns, shaping how distress is experienced and managed. In our research, we analysed the role of adult attachment styles and early traumas in suicidal behaviour. We also examined the mediating effect of attachment style in the relationship between early traumas and suicidal behaviour. A total of 357 subjects between the ages of 18 and 85 (mean = 37.02, SD = 12.86) were included in the analysis; 33.6% were male and 66.4% female. The sample consisted of 146 individuals with a history of suicide, 154 clinical participants without a history of suicide, and 57 from a non-clinical population. The adult attachment scale (AAS) and the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) were used as assessment tools. To model the relationships between variables, logistic regression, generalized linear models, and mediation analyses were conducted. All models were adjusted for basic demographic variables. Our results showed that the severity of emotional abuse (adjusted OR 1.064, p = 0.004), emotional neglect (adjusted OR 1.064, p = 0.007), and overall traumatization measured by the CTQ (adjusted OR 1.021, p = 0.006) significantly predicted a higher risk of suicidal behaviour. In contrast, higher levels of secure attachment style predicted a lower risk of suicide attempt (adjusted OR -0.091, p = 0.004). Additionally, secure attachment style significantly mediated part of the total effect of early traumatization severity on suicidal behaviour (indirect effect = 0.0032, p < 0.05; Pm = 16.5%). We also examined the relationship between early traumas and attachment style and found multiple significant associations. For avoidant attachment, significant associations were observed with the total traumatization score (B = 0.086, p < 0.001) and specific adversities, including emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect (B = 0.244-0.319, all p < 0.001). Anxious-ambivalent attachment was associated with the total CTQ score (B = 0.088, p < 0.001), as well as emotional abuse (B = 0.298, p < 0.001), emotional neglect (B = 0.254, p < 0.001), physical abuse (B = 0.248, p < 0.001), and physical neglect (B = 0.261, p = 0.010). A lower level of secure attachment was linked to the overall traumatization score (B = -0.039, p = 0.004), as well as emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and sexual abuse (B = -0.101 to -0.163, all p < 0.05). By mediating the relationship between trauma and suicidal behaviour, adult attachment styles can either perpetuate maladaptive coping strategies or hinder recovery. Understanding this mediating role is crucial for developing interventions that address attachment insecurities while promoting resilience and emotional healing. Therapeutic approaches aimed at fostering secure attachment patterns can help mitigate the effects of early trauma and reduce the risk of suicidal behaviour. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating attachment-focused strategies into trauma-informed care.

Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition with a global prevalence of 2.5% to 6.7% among adults. Non-pharmacological interventions have demonstrated effectiveness both as standalone treatments and adjuncts to pharmacotherapy in managing adult ADHD. Nevertheless, the comparative efficacy of these interventions, particularly with respect to diverse ADHD-related outcomes and their long-term impacts, remains insufficiently investigated. Objective: This study aims to evaluate and compare the short-term and long-term effects of various non-pharmacological therapies on core ADHD symptoms (inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity) and emotional disorders (depression and anxiety) in adults with ADHD and to rank these therapies accordingly. Methods: A systematic search was conducted for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases from inception to Sep 2024. Researchers independently screened and extracted data, and the analysis was performed using R version 4.3.2. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 2 (ROB2) and Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA) were used to assess the risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence. Standardized mean differences were estimated using network meta-analyses with random effects. Results: A total of 37 RCTs involving 2,289 participants and 10 non-pharmacological therapies were included. The risk of bias was classified as low in 24.3%, unclear in 27%, and high in 48.6%, while the CINeMA assessment indicated that confidence in the evidence was "very low" or "low" for most of the remaining treatments. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) showed significantly greater effectiveness than the control group/condition in both the short-term (SMD: -4.43, 95%CI: -5.50 to -3.37) and long-term (SMD: -3.61, 95%CI: -4.66 to -2.56) core symptoms. Additionally, CBT shows both short-term and long-term efficacy for depression (SMD: -4.16, 95%CI: -5.51 to -2.81; SMD: -3.89, 95%CI: -5.95 to -1.83) and anxiety (SMD: -2.12, 95%CI: -3.18 to -1.07; SMD: -7.25, 95%CI: -10.57 to -3.94). Conclusion: CBT may be the most effective intervention for adults with ADHD and associated emotional disorders, while Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MC) is recommended as a preferable option for those without comorbidities. Caution is needed in interpreting our results, and high-quality RCTs are urgently required for more reliable insights. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?, identifier CRD42024432912.

Objectives: The main objectives were to investigate the prevalence of ED and associated risk factors among medical students in Romania, as well as to determine which variables may predict ED and to explore the differences between medical students and the general population. Methods: The Eating Disorders Inventory questionnaire (EDI-3) was applied. Also, the body mass index of the students was calculated, socio-demographic information regarding personal and family medical history was collected (mental and chronic diseases, self-reported sleep difficulties in the past 6 months, family history of obesity) and potentially risky events (history of ridicule, major negative events, social pressure to be thin from family, friends, media). Results: 37.1% students are at risk of eating disorders, 41% females and 23% males, according to the EDI-3. 14.42% were underweight, 65.05% normal weight, 16.99% overweight and 3.53% obese. Compared to the nationally representative sample in Romania, medical students had significantly higher scores for ED risk and for all other psychological factors. Conclusion: Medical students have a high risk of developing ED, even higher than the general population. Several factors were associated with the ED risk, including female gender, experiencing sleeping difficulties, feelings of ridicule, family pressure and media pressure, prior ED history, high BMI, negative events and family history of mental illness. The regression analysis showed that family pressure is a strong predictor for ED risk.

Advances in cancer treatment have significantly increased the survival rate of cancer patients, but these survivors often face challenges in the workplace. Existing literature highlights the significant influence of cancer on job performance, job satisfaction, and the increased risk of withdrawal intention. However, the effects of positive psychology interventions on cancer survivors, particularly in less urbanized settings and remote worker communities, remain underexplored. This study investigates the effects of positive psychology interventions on job satisfaction, work engagement, and withdrawal intentions among cancer survivors in rural and remote workforce communities. A Randomized Control Trial (RCT) was employed, involving 68 cancer survivors. The study used the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and the Withdrawal Intention Scale to measure outcomes following a 14-session positive psychology intervention. The results revealed statistically significant improvements in the experimental group compared to the control group. Job satisfaction mean scores increased from 50.23 to 58.94, work engagement mean scores rose from 26.79 to 31.05, and withdrawal intentions mean scores decreased from 48.35 to 39.05. These findings highlight the potential of positive psychology interventions to address the unique challenges faced by cancer survivors in remote workforce communities, particularly in less urbanized areas. By enhancing job satisfaction and work engagement while reducing withdrawal intentions, these interventions can significantly contribute to the occupational well-being of cancer survivors, advocating for their integration into cancer care and organizational practices.

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The application of artificial intelligence art therapies (AIATs) in mental health care represents an innovative merger between digital technology and the therapeutic potential of creative arts. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness and ethical considerations of AIATs, incorporating robots, AI painting and AI Chatbots to augment traditional art therapies. Aligning with the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews (PRISMA) guidelines, we meticulously searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and CNKI, resulting in 15 selected articles for detailed analysis. To ensure methodological quality, we applied the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) criteria for quality assessment and extracted data using the PICO(S) format, specifically targeting randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Our findings suggest that AIATs can profoundly enhance the therapeutic experience by providing new creative outlets and reinforcing existing methods, despite possible drawbacks and ethical challenges. This examination underscores AIATs' potential to enrich mental health therapies, emphasising the critical importance of ethical considerations and the responsible application of AI as the field evolves. With a focus on expanding treatment efficacy and patient expressiveness, the promise of AIATs in mental health care necessitates a careful balance between innovation and ethical responsibility. Trial Registration: PROSPERO: CRD42024504472.

INTRODUCTION: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are psychosocial factors acknowledged as significant contributors to health consequences later in adolescence, including psychological maladjustment. The research suggests that, at a transdiagnostic and transtheoretical level, working on restoring epistemic trust (ET), mentalized affectivity (MA), and reflective functioning (RF) in adolescents with ACEs assumes a central role in the therapeutic process. However, there are still few studies that attempted to investigate the specific role of these sociocognitive factors in the detrimental positive association between levels of experienced ACEs during childhood and psychological maladjustment in nonclinical adolescents. METHODS: = 16.1, SD = 1.64) self-reported ACEs (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form), psychological maladjustment (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), ET (Epistemic Trust, Mistrust and Credulity Questionnaire), MA (Brief-Mentalized Affectivity Scale for Adolescence), and RF (Reflective Functioning Questionnaire). A multiple mediation regression analysis has been performed to explore the association between ACEs and psychological maladjustment through the interaction with socio-cognitive factors. RESULTS: ACEs are positive predictors of psychological maladjustment later in adolescence. Regardless of gender differences, epistemic mistrust and credulity, processing and expressing emotions, and uncertainty about mental states mediated this association, while epistemic trust, identifying emotions, and certainty about mental states did not configure as significant mediators. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that ET disruptions and deficits in RF are risk factors, while MA is a protective factor within the link between ACEs and psychological maladjustment in adolescence. These links help to specify the role of sociocognitive factors in the development of mental problems in adolescents who have been exposed to adverse experiences in childhood.

Exercise addiction manifests as a behavioral compulsion where physical activity becomes excessively pursued, leading to potential harm to both physical and mental well-being, as well as interpersonal connections. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of basic psychological needs and emotion regulation difficulties in the relationship between childhood trauma and exercise addiction. The study sample consisted of 386 regular exercisers who completed several questionnaires, including the Childhood Trauma Scale, Exercise Dependence Scale, Basic Need Satisfaction Scale, and Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale. The results of the analyses revealed that basic psychological needs and emotion regulation difficulties were significant predictors of exercise addiction symptoms, and they mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and exercise addiction. The findings contribute to the understanding of the factors that may lead to exercise addiction and have implications for prevention and treatment. In this context, the results and limitations are discussed in light of the relevant literature.

Background and aims: Conflicting findings have been reported for the longitudinal course of behavioral addictions, especially for social media addiction (SMA) and work addiction (WA). Therefore, evaluating whether these constructs are more trait-like or state-like might be informative. The aim of the present study was to examine the proportion of variance of SMA and WA symptoms (as defined by the components model of addiction) explained by trait and occasion-specific factors in addition to exploring cross-lagged relationships between SMA and WA. Methods: Young adults from a representative sample who continuously used social media and worked at least 40 hours a week during the first three waves of the Budapest Longitudinal Study were included (N = 1,551; Females: 50.6%; Age: M = 27.7 years [SD = 4.40]). The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale and the Bergen Work Addiction Scale were administered in all three waves. Results: A latent state-trait model with a general trait factor was considered for both SMA and WA. Symptomatic variability in SMA was explained approximately equally by trait and state-like factors, while WA-related symptom variability was mostly attributed to state-like factors. SMA negatively predicted WA over time, while WA showed a positive cross-lagged effect on SMA. Discussion and Conclusions: While the symptoms of WA were more state-like, the trait-like effects were stronger in SMA. Situational influences and previous symptom severities might have to be considered in the screening process.

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Abstract There is growing concern about the impact of declining political trust on democracies. Psychological research has introduced the concept of epistemic (mis)trust as a stable disposition acquired through development, which may influence our sociopolitical engagement. Given trust’s prominence in current politics, we examined the relationship between epistemic trust and people’s choices of (un)trustworthy political leaders. In two representative samples in the UK and US ( N = 1096), we tested whether epistemic trust predicts political leader choices through three political dimensions: dogmatism, political trust, and ideology. Although epistemic trust did not directly predict choices of political leaders, it predicted dogmatism and political ideology, which in turn predicted choices of political leaders. A network analysis revealed that epistemic trust and political dimensions only interact through their common connection with dogmatism. These findings suggest that cognitive and affective development may underlie an individual’s political ideology and associated beliefs.

An important correlate of mental health problems is mentalizing capacity, which appears to be particularly influential during adolescence. However, quality of life has not been studied in relation to mentalizing capacity among adolescents. This study aimed to translate the Reflective Function Questionnaire for Youth (RFQY) into Hungarian, present its psychometric properties, and assess its relationship with demographic characteristics, psychopathology and quality of life. A community sample of 384 youths aged 12-18 years completed the RFQY, the Measure of Quality of Life for Children and Adolescents, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. First, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis with direct oblimin rotation on the RFQY items. Next, we assessed the associations between the RFQY and demographics, quality of life, and psychopathology. The EFA resulted in four factors: Internal-self, Internal-other, Self-other, and Strong emotions. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the scales were .81, .82, .67, and .80, respectively. The subscales were uniquely associated with psychopathology and quality of life. Our study provides the first psychometric support for the Hungarian version of the RFQY and indicates that adolescents suffering from internalizing, externalizing symptoms or lower levels of quality of life could benefit from interventions aimed at enhancing mentalizing capacity.

With the developing technology, individuals have begun to work and carry out all kinds of transactions through digital platforms. In parallel, digital environments have also begun to meet individuals' entertainment needs, with games becoming digitized and gaming habits evolving in a different direction. This situation has brought with it both the benefits and the online risks of the digital world. Cyber violence, defined as any harmful behavior towards an individual or group through cyberspace, is one of these online risks. As a preliminary study, this paper aims to examine the extent and methods of cyber violence experienced by male and female users in the online game League of Legends, which is one of the most popular online games in Turkey, and to analyze the psychological and legal aspects of cyber violence in digital games. In this experimental, descriptive study with blended research methodology, both male and female users played the game alone and as a team at regular intervals for one month. Participants were asked to use their usernames and behavior in the game, indicating their gender. The reactions received by both participants when playing the game well or poorly were analyzed to examine cyber violence from legal and psychological perspectives. As a preliminary result of the study, it was found that female participants received the most flirtatious offers and were subjected to verbal abuse and insults, even when playing the game well. Male participants, on the other hand, were subjected to verbal abuse and insults when playing the game both well and poorly. When the participants played the game together, it was found that female participants were subjected to cyber violence the most. This violence is most commonly expressed in the form of verbal abuse and insults. It is believed that examining cyber violence in digital games from legal and psychological perspectives will raise awareness about cyber violence.

This qualitative study documented 14 experienced art therapists’ perceptions of their supervision experiences, professional identity, and development while engaged in the El Duende One-Canvas Process Painting (EDPP) supervision model. Four main themes emerged from the thematic analysis of the interviews: (1) the role of the canvas in supervision, (2) the model’s impact on professional development and identity, (3) the role of the group in the EDPP model, and (4) challenges during the supervision process. The discussion focuses on the canvas as an adjunct-internal visual supervisor supporting clinical work and the EDPP as a support for professional development and identity.

Şizofreni, bireylerin yaşamlarını özerk bir şekilde sürdürebilmelerine engel olan ruhsal hastalıklardan biridir. Şizofreni tanısı alan hastalar, kendi öz bakımları ve sosyal hayata katılımları noktasında zorluklar yaşamakta ve başka birinin bakım ve desteğine gereksinim duyabilmektedirler. Bu bakım ve destek çoğunlukla kişilerin aileleri tarafından sağlanmaktadır. Ancak bakım vermek karmaşık bir süreçtir ve kişinin bakım yükü yaşamasına sebep olabilmektedir. Şizofreni tanısı almış bireylere bakım veren aile üyelerinin bakım yüklerinin belirlenmesi ve gereksinimlerinin tespit edilmesi amacıyla nitel desende tasarlanan bu araştırmada, amaçlı rasgele örnekleme ile 15 katılımcıya ulaşılmıştır. Yüz yüze yapılan görüşmeler sonunda katılımcıların nesnel ve öznel bakım yükü ile karşı karşıya kaldıkları görülmüştür. Bakım verme süreciyle ilgili sorunların; ekonomik yük, bakım verenlerin fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlık problemleri ve sosyal damgalanma olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra bakım verenlerin kendilerine bir şey olması halinde hastalarına ne olacağı ve kimin bakacağına dair kaygıları bulunmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında şizofreni tanısı almış bireyin ve bakım verenlerin sosyal hayata katılımlarını artırmaya yönelik eğitimler, faaliyetler ve ruhsal hastalıklara özgü sosyal yardım sistemlerinin geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Adolescence is a time of changes; nevertheless, the mental health of adolescents? parents receives little attention. This study aimed to explore the relationship between parental mentalizing, attachment style, parental sense of competence, and stress among mothers of adolescents. One hundred eighty-six mothers completed validated questionnaires measuring these constructs. We conducted a moderated mediation analysis with maternal attachment style as the independent variable. The dimensions of parental sense of competence efficacy and satisfaction were chosen as the dependent variables, and stress was the moderator. The mediator was the certainty about the mental states (CMS) aspect of parental mentalizing. CMS mediated the relationships between dismissing attachment style and both ? efficacy and satisfaction at low-stress levels. Our results suggest that in the case of the dismissing attachment style, besides the attachment style itself, mentalizing and stress levels are also important predictors of the parental sense of competence among mothers of adolescents.

The massive growth of esports has vitalized the need to study human performance in competitive video gaming. The pressure of competitive play elicits a range of emotional experiences, which can affect players during and beyond a gaming session. In this work, we review the state of the literature concerning the role emotions play in esports performance as well as highlight coping strategies players use to regulate emotions during competitive play. We review the findings of N=32 peer-reviewed articles pertaining to emotions and esports, finding that the emotional experiences elicited by competitive play affect esports performance. In response, players attempt to regulate their emotions to maintain performance; however, efforts to do so vary, as they currently lack effective coping strategies. Lastly, we review the potential of technical interventions in esports training for improving emotion regulation among players. Our findings support knowledge development in esports, and present avenues towards promoting the emotional wellbeing of competitive gamers.

The existing symptomatic networks of problem gambling are all based on cross-sectional data. Thus, there is a need to explore longitudinal symptom networks of problem gambling. Moreover, the replicability of cross-sectional symptom networks can be limited; therefore, further research should assess the convergence between cross-sectional networks of problem gambling symptoms. The present study aimed (i) to examine cross-sectional networks of problem gambling symptoms and evaluate their replicability and (ii) to examine a longitudinal cross-lagged network of problem gambling symptoms. The study included a representative sample of young adult gamblers (born between 1984 and 2000) from the first two waves of the Budapest Longitudinal Study (original sample: N = 2777; final sample: N = 335). The Problem Gambling Severity Index was used to assess symptoms of problem gambling. Cross-sectional symptom networks showed differences in the centrality of nodes. Correlations between the two cross-sectional networks were low in the presence vs. absence of edges, rank order of edge weights, and centrality estimates. However, network invariance tests indicated non-significant differences between them. The cross-lagged network revealed that the symptoms of tolerance and health problems could predict the subsequent presence of multiple problem gambling symptoms. Overall, limited evidence demonstrated the replicability of cross-sectional symptom networks of problem gambling. Future research needs to explore the utility of cross-sectional networks of problem gambling and assess more precisely causal relationships between problem gambling symptoms by distinguishing within- and between-subject effects.

Exercise addiction (EA) refers to excessive exercise, lack of control, and health risks. The Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) is one of the most widely used tools in its assessment. However, the cross-cultural psychometric properties of the EAI could be improved because it misses three pathological patterns, including guilt, exercise despite injury, and experienced harm. Therefore, the present study tested the psychometric properties of the expanded EAI (EAI-3) in a large international sample. The EAI-3 was administered to 1931 physically active adult exercisers speaking five languages (Chinese, German, Italian, Japanese, and Turkish) and other measures for obsessive-compulsive behavior, eating disorders, and personality traits. The assessment structure and reliability of the EAI-3 were tested with factorial analyses and through measurement invariance across languages and sex. Finally, a cutoff point for dysfunction-proneness was calculated. The EAI-3 comprised two factors, reflecting the positive and pathological sides of exercise. The structure had excellent reliability and goodness-of-fit indices and configural and metric invariances of the scale were supported. However, three items caused violations in scalar invariance. The results of partial measurement invariance testing suggested an adequate fit for the data. Following sensitivity and specificity analysis, the EAI-3's cutoff score was 34 out of a maximum score of 48. This preliminary study suggests that the EAI-3 is a promising tool for screening EA in an international sample, with a robust and reliable structure comparable across languages and sex. In addition, the proposed cutoff could pave the way toward a consensus on a threshold to screen for EA.