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Staffers complain that Salk allowed circadian rhythms researcher Satchidananda Panda to depart quietly, while the allegations and findings remain under wraps.
Obesity and dyslipidemia are linked to cognitive decline, yet the role of LDL receptor (LDLr) deficiency in cognitive susceptibility to high-fat diet (HFD) remains unclear. This study examined the effects of HFD on cognitive function and hippocampal lipidomic and metabolomic profiles in wild-type (WT) and LDLr⁻/⁻ mice. Male mice of both genotypes were fed a control diet or HFD for 12 weeks and assessed for body weight, serum lipid profiles, anxiety-like behavior, spatial and recognition memory, and hippocampal lipidomic/metabolomic alterations using untargeted LC-MS/MS. HFD increased body weight and aggravated circulating lipid abnormalities, most prominently in LDLr⁻/⁻ mice. LDLr deficiency was associated with anxiety-like behavior and impairments in spatial and recognition memory, whereas HFD impaired recognition memory in WT mice but did not further worsen most behavioral outcomes in LDLr⁻/⁻ mice. Hippocampal lipidomics revealed genotype- and diet-dependent remodeling of sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism, with prominent changes in phosphatidylinositol, sterol lipid, phosphatidylethanolamine-related lipids, and phosphatidylethanol. Metabolomics indicated that LDLr deficiency was a major contributor to hippocampal metabolic reprogramming involving SLC-mediated transport and alanine/aspartate/glutamate metabolism, with additional HFD-associated alterations in glutamate-related pathways and oxidative phosphorylation. Integrated analysis linked energy-related metabolites with phospholipid remodeling and nucleotide sugar derivatives with sphingomyelins. These findings suggest that LDLr deficiency establishes a hippocampal lipid-metabolic vulnerability associated with cognitive impairment, while HFD primarily intensifies systemic dyslipidemia and hippocampal molecular remodeling.
Fungal diseases are major biological constraints limiting the yield and quality improvements of agricultural products. Among these, Fusarium proliferatum represents one of the most significant phytopathogenic fungi. Given its recognized advantages in ecological safety and sustainability, biological control is playing an increasingly prominent role in integrated plant disease management. In this study, a bacterial strain designated as BVFA21, identified as Bacillus velezensis, effectively inhibited the pathogen F. proliferatum. Culture conditions for BVFA21 were optimized stepwise, and the resulting fermentation broth exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against F. proliferatum both in vivo and in vitro. Further investigation revealed that the BVFA21 sterile fermentation broth (SFB) possessed both therapeutic and protective effects against F. proliferatum in vivo. In vitro, the SFB caused morphological alterations in fungal hyphal, inhibited spore germination, synergistically disrupted cell membrane permeability‑leading to the leakage of intracellular K+, nucleic acids, and proteins and disturbed cell wall integrity by inhibiting β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activity in a concentration-dependent manner, thereby effectively inhibiting pathogen infection and reproduction. Furthermore, untargeted LC-MS/MS metabolomics analysis was performed on the BVFA21 fermentation broth, and 4-methoxybenzoic acid(4-MBA) was identified as the most potent key metabolite against F. proliferatum. It exerted antifungal effects through multidimensional mechanisms. In summary, this study demonstrates that the highly efficient B. velezensis strain BVFA21 antagonizes F. proliferatum through a multi-component synergistic mechanism. This mechanism mounts a concerted attack on the cell envelope, disturbing membrane permeability and wall integrity, thereby providing a green biocontrol solution for the management of plant diseases caused by F. proliferatum.
The increasing challenges, posed by plant biotic and abiotic stress, significantly impact agroecosystems, particularly in the context of rapid global climate change. Phytohormones function as critical chemical messengers, enabling plants to endure these stresses through a complex regulatory framework, thereby playing an essential role in plant survival. Recent research has increasingly underscored the significance of abscisic acid (ABA), in facilitating a prominent role under adverse conditions within plants. ABA has been shown to engage with major phytohormones, such as gibberellins (GAs), ethylene (ET), auxin, and cytokinins (CKs). It also interacts with several plant growth regulators (PGRs) and endogenous signaling compounds like brassinosteroids (BRs), strigolactones (SLs), nitric oxide (NO), salicylic acid (SA), melatonin (Mel), jasmonic acid (JA), polyamines (PAs), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and with secondary messengers like calcium ions. These interactions facilitate the equilibrium of resource allocation between plant growth and defense responses under suboptimal conditions. A thorough understanding of the intricate interrelationships among these phytohormones and PGRs under prevailing hostile environment, characterized by both synergistic and antagonistic actions, remains largely lacking. This exhaustive review elucidates the processes of ABA biosynthesis, metabolism, and its signal transduction pathways. Moreover, it sheds light on the complex crosstalk networks that exist among ABA, other phytohormones, PGRs and calcium in the face of various stress conditions, highlighting their pivotal roles in enhancing plant plasticity. The comprehensive insights presented in this review provide a molecular understanding of the phytohormonal pathways involved in improving environmental stress tolerance in plants and may serve as a foundational blueprint for developing precise strategies aimed at engineering climate-resilient crop cultivars.
Elevated atmospheric CO₂ is a prominent consequence of global climate change, which substantially alters plant physiological processes and further modulates the environmental fate of pesticides in agricultural ecosystems, thereby threatening agricultural product safety and ecological health. Nevertheless, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying elevated CO₂-regulated uptake, translocation, and metabolism of fungicides in crop plants remain largely unclear. In the present study, cucumber seedlings were selected as the model plant, and integrated physiological detection, subcellular distribution analysis and untargeted metabolomics were adopted to explore the responses of three typical strobilurin fungicides (azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin) to ambient and elevated CO₂ levels (700 and 1100 μmol/mol). Results showed that moderate CO₂ enrichment (700 μmol/mol) distinctly facilitated upward acropetal translocation of azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin, which was driven by increased stomatal conductance and transpiration force, together with higher soluble fraction proportion at subcellular level. By contrast, highly lipophilic trifloxystrobin was mainly retained in roots, exhibiting only limited and inefficient upward translocation, and its translocation behavior was insensitive to variations in CO₂ concentration. Moreover, elevated CO₂ markedly accelerated leaf degradation of all tested fungicides, reducing their half-lives by 32%-65% under 700 μmol/mol. Such accelerated degradation was closely associated with enhanced glutathione S-transferase activity. Metabolomic analysis further revealed remarkable alterations in glutathione metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, demonstrating activated plant detoxification defense systems. Overall, this study clarifies the mechanistic links between atmospheric CO₂ elevation and fungicide dynamics in crops, providing fundamental references for pesticide risk assessment under future climate scenarios.
Primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) is a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, mainly comprising mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The clinical significance of marked eosinophilic infiltration in gastric MALT lymphoma remains unclear. We report a 50-year-old male with a two-year history of recurrent abdominal pain. Endoscopy revealed a large ulcerative lesion in the middle of the greater curvature of the gastric corpus. Histopathology showed Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection with marked eosinophilic infiltration, leading to initial diagnostic uncertainty. The patient underwent H. pylori eradication therapy, but persistent symptoms required further evaluation with magnifying endoscopy and repeat biopsy. Immunohistochemistry confirmed gastric MALT lymphoma. After a second course of eradication therapy, the lesion size decreased, mucosal healing was observed, and symptoms resolved. This case highlights that gastric MALT lymphoma should be considered in patients with ulcerative lesions accompanied by prominent eosinophilic infiltration, and emphasizes the importance of combined endoscopic and histopathological evaluation for accurate diagnosis.
Medical students experience converging risks of emotional distress, sleep disturbance, and problematic smartphone use, but the dimension-level conditional association patterns linking these domains remain insufficiently specified. This cross-sectional study surveyed 2,587 Chinese medical students (mean age = 18.88 ± 1.01 years; 55.51% female) using the 21-item DASS-21, the PSQI, and the MPAI. Regularized Gaussian graphical models were estimated with EBICglasso for the DASS-MPAI, PSQI-MPAI, and integrated DASS-PSQI-MPAI networks. Strength, bridge strength, node predictability, bootstrapped stability, and gender-based network differences were examined. Nodes represented DASS-21 dimensions, PSQI components, and MPAI dimensions rather than individual questionnaire items. Anxiety was the most prevalent emotional distress dimension (39.89%), followed by depression (34.60%) and stress (15.58%). Sleep problems were detected in 23.42% of participants, whereas problematic smartphone use was detected in 64.71%. Across networks, nodes clustered into clearly differentiated emotional distress, sleep, and problematic smartphone use modules, with stronger within-domain than cross-domain edges. In the DASS-MPAI network, stress and withdrawal showed the highest strength, whereas depression and stress showed the highest bridge strength. In the PSQI-MPAI network, withdrawal and inefficiency were the strongest central nodes, and sleep disturbance and loss of control showed the highest bridge strength. In the integrated network, anxiety and stress showed the highest strength, followed by inefficiency and withdrawal. Bridge strength identified sleep disturbance (0.264), daytime dysfunction (0.239), and anxiety (0.235) as the most prominent cross-domain bridge nodes. Bootstrap analyses supported network stability; the integrated network centrality indices showed acceptable-to-good stability. Gender comparisons revealed no significant difference in global strength (P = 0.728), but the omnibus network structure test was significant (P = 0.010). This study provides a dimension-level map of conditional associations among emotional distress, sleep problems, and problematic smartphone use in a single-institution convenience sample of Chinese medical students. Anxiety, stress, sleep disturbance, daytime dysfunction, inefficiency, and withdrawal emerged as central or bridge nodes in the observed networks. These findings should be interpreted as exploratory cross-sectional associations rather than causal relationships or confirmed intervention targets, but they may inform hypotheses for future longitudinal and intervention studies.
Motor complications become increasingly prominent as Parkinson's disease (PD) progresses. Although device-aided therapies (DAT) improve symptoms control in advanced PD, referral practices remain inconsistent, partly due to unequal access to specialist centers. Screening tools such as MANAGE-PD help identify patients who may benefit from DAT, while large language models (LLMs) are emerging as scalable clinical decision-support tools. To assess the screening performance and clinical safety of LLM-based triage in identifying PD patients eligible for DAT and to compare LLMs classifications with specialist assessments and MANAGE-PD. This retrospective single-center study included 279 DAT-naïve PD patients referred for advanced therapy evaluation. Clinical data covering motor complications, treatment burden, functional impairment and non-motor symptoms were transformed into standardized narrative case summaries. Seven commercially available LLMs were evaluated in a zero-shot setting, and model outputs were compared with specialist qualification decisions used as the reference standard, and with MANAGE-PD classifications. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, accuracy and agreement statistics were analyzed. The best-performing model (gemini-2.5-flash) achieved 100% sensitivity with no false-negative classifications. Specificity reached 69.2%, and overall accuracy was 78.5%. Agreement with specialist decisions was similar for LLM-based screening and MANAGE-PD (κ ≈ 0.575 vs. 0.567), with no significant differences in Cohen's kappa (p = 0.81) or discordant classifications (McNemar p = 1.0). LLM-based triage achieved high-sensitivity screening performance comparable to an established clinical screening tool. These findings support a potential role for LLMs as scalable support systems within DAT referral pathways, complementing rather than replacing specialist clinical assessment.
Social appearance anxiety (SAA) has become a prominent mental health issue among Chinese college students, and it is particularly exacerbated in the mobile Internet era, marked by the pervasive use of social media. As an active health-promoting behavior, physical exercise is widely recognized as being able to effectively alleviate individuals' mental health problems, yet its underlying psychological mechanisms remain inadequately explored. Therefore, this study is based on social comparison theory, this study aims to investigate the relationship between physical exercise and SAA among Chinese college students, and to examine the serial mediating role of social media addiction and self-objectification in this association. A convenience sampling method was adopted to administer a questionnaire survey among college students from universities in central China, yielding 415 valid responses. The measurement instruments included the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PARS-3), Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAA), Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS), and Self-Objectification Beliefs and Behaviors Scale (SOBB). Data analyses were performed using SPSS 27.0 and PROCESS 4.2 macro, and the Bootstrap method was adopted to test the serial mediating effects with 5,000 resamples. Correlation analyses revealed significant bivariate correlations between all variables. Serial mediation analysis indicated that the total effect of physical exercise on SAA was -0.498, and the direct effect was -0.313, accounting for 62.85%. All three indirect paths were significant: the independent mediating effect of social media addiction was -0.080, accounting for 16.06%; the independent mediating effect of self-objectification was -0.083, making up 16.67%; and the serial mediating effect of social media addiction and self-objectification was -0.022, accounting for 4.42% of the total effect. Physical exercise helps reduce college students' SAA directly, and offers indirect benefits by suppressing social media addiction and alleviating self-objectification through independent and serial mediating pathways. These findings enrich the understanding of the psychological mechanisms through which physical exercise influences SAA, provide empirical evidence to advance the dynamic development of social comparison theory, and offer practical and targeted approaches to promote mental health in higher education contexts.
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a conserved genome maintenance pathway that removes bulky, helix-distorting DNA lesions, including ultraviolet-induced photoproducts and chemically induced adducts. By restoring DNA integrity, NER preserves transcriptional continuity and replicative fitness, thereby limiting mutagenesis, replication stress, and cell death. Inherited defects in NER genes cause rare disorders such as xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Cockayne syndrome (CS), and trichothiodystrophy (TTD), classically associated with photosensitivity, neurodevelopmental impairment, growth failure, and, in some subtypes, marked cancer predisposition. Traditionally, clinical attention has focused on dermatologic and neurologic manifestations, whereas immune dysfunction has been regarded as peripheral or secondary. Recent clinical and immunological studies indicate that immune abnormalities may represent an underrecognized component of selected NER disorders. Reported findings include impaired vaccine responses, hypogammaglobulinemia, IgG subclass deficiency, altered B cell differentiation, CD4 lymphopenia, restricted T cell receptor repertoires, and defective dendritic cell maturation. These abnormalities are not evenly distributed across the NER spectrum and appear more prominent in selected molecular subgroups. In particular, disorders affecting transcription-associated NER functions, including TFIIH-linked conditions, may combine impaired DNA repair with reduced transcriptional capacity, thereby increasing immune-cell vulnerability during activation. By contrast, many repair-dominant XP subtypes seem to retain largely preserved baseline immune function, although clinically relevant abnormalities may become apparent during infection, vaccination, or other immune challenges. In this Mini Review, we summarize clinical evidence for immune dysfunction in NER disorders, interpret it in the context of global genome and transcription-coupled NER, and discuss implications for immunological assessment and inborn errors of immunity-oriented classification.
Organic spacer cations are widely used to stabilize and tune the optoelectronic response of n = 1 layered halide perovskites, yet the extent to which the organic layer controls photophysics across different inorganic frameworks remains unclear. Here we compare two n = 1 families synthesized with the same spacer set (BA, PEA, HA, OA): (A)2PbBr4 and the Pb-free double perovskites (A)4AgBiBr8. Increasing spacer length systematically increases the interlayer spacing and strongly affects thin-film morphology, particularly for the longer alkyl chains. We combine UV-vis/PL with excitonic analysis (Elliott model) and modulated surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPV) to disentangle excitonic, band-to-band, and defect-assisted transitions. The Pb-based series exhibits strong excitonic signatures and pronounced spacer-length dependence in charge separation: excitonic-regime SPV is prominent for BA/PEA and strongly quenched for HA/OA, consistent with increased electronic insulation across the organic barrier. In contrast, the Ag-Bi double perovskites show orders-of-magnitude weaker SPV and clear sub-bandgap SPV features that are nearly spacer-independent; defect-related transitions are resolved at 1.38 eV and 2.29 ± 0.06 eV. Time-resolved microwave conductivity further corroborates suppressed long-range transport for longer spacers and highlights fundamentally inferior carrier generation/transport in the defect-rich double perovskites. Overall, we find that spacer engineering can tune transport and spectral onsets when the inorganic layer is relatively defect-tolerant (Pb-based), but becomes secondary when deep defects in the inorganic framework dominate the photophysics (AgBi-based).
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs) across multiple organ systems. Although inflammatory central nervous system irAEs (CNS inflammatory irAEs) are uncommon, they are often severe. Primary CNS tumors and brain metastases have distinct immune microenvironments, yet the heterogeneity of ICI-related inflammatory CNS irAE reporting signals across tumor phenotypes remains poorly understood. We used pharmacovigilance signal discovery, external corroboration, and transcriptomic contextualization of pre-existing brain tumor immune landscapes. We constructed an ICI-exposed cohort from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and compared inflammatory CNS irAE disproportionality signals across primary CNS tumors, brain metastases, and non-CNS solid tumors. External comparison used the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database (JADER). Public single-cell RNA sequencing datasets were analyzed to characterize baseline strict inflammatory and broad stress-related modules across cellular compartments, with spatial transcriptomics used as secondary descriptive visualization in brain metastasis tissue. In FAERS, inflammatory CNS irAE reporting signals suggested tumor phenotype-associated heterogeneity, with adjusted odds ratios of 1.65 (95% CI, 1.02-2.65) for primary CNS tumors and 3.12 (95% CI, 2.45-3.98) for brain metastases versus non-CNS solid tumors. Signals were stronger under a strict noninfectious phenotype and attenuated under a broad neuroinflammatory phenotype. Thyroid comparator analyses showed no comparable enrichment, whereas the myocarditis-related comparator was too sparse in the brain metastasis subgroup for meaningful inference. JADER showed a broadly similar pattern, although primary CNS tumor estimates were sparse and exploratory. Baseline single-cell analyses localized strict inflammatory module activity mainly to myeloid and T/NK compartments, while spatial maps served only as secondary descriptive visualization. ICI-related inflammatory CNS irAE reporting signals suggested tumor phenotype-associated differences, most prominently in brain metastases. Stricter phenotype definitions appeared more specific than broader neuroinflammatory definitions. Public single-cell datasets characterized pre-existing immune-rich myeloid/T-NK compartments, while spatial maps provided only secondary descriptive tissue-level visualization and did not demonstrate irAE-onset tissue states. These pharmacovigilance findings should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating reporting associations, not evidence of incidence, absolute risk, or causality.
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) remains a major clinical obstacle during liver surgery and liver transplantation, and effective targeted intervention strategies are still limited. In the present study, we combined mass spectrometry imaging, in vitro cellular experiments, and in vivo animal tests to explore key functional metabolites involved in the progression of hepatic IRI. Spatial metabolite profiling via mass spectrometry imaging systematically mapped metabolic disturbances in liver tissues during IRI progression and confirmed that taurocholic acid (TCA) undergoes distinct spatial and temporal expression alterations in damaged liver regions. Subsequent pharmacological experiments verified that exogenous TCA intervention effectively alleviated hepatic IRI damage. TCA exerted prominent hepatoprotective functions, including antiapoptosis, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and promotion of bile acid excretion. Mechanistically, TCA activated hepatic farnesoid X receptor signaling, which further suppressed excessive inflammatory responses, restrained abnormal de novo bile acid synthesis, and facilitated bile acid efflux, thereby restoring hepatic bile acid homeostasis and relieving liver injury. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study identifies taurocholic acid (TCA) as an important protective mediator against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Our results demonstrate that mass spectrometry imaging-based spatial metabolite analysis is a powerful approach to discover functional injury-related metabolites, whereas TCA-mediated farnesoid X receptor activation provides a feasible therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Hypervascular plantar soft-tissue lesions in children may be misinterpreted as benign vascular abnormalities, particularly when Doppler ultrasound shows marked internal vascularity. We report a 12-year-old boy with a painful plantar foot mass initially considered a hemangioma or low-flow vascular malformation on ultrasound and MRI. Although imaging demonstrated prominent vascularity and enhancement, the lesion was predominantly solid, showed irregular enhancement and partially ill-defined margins, and lacked typical serpiginous morphology or definite flow voids. Image-guided biopsy revealed a malignant spindle-cell neoplasm. Histology showed an infiltrative monophasic spindle-cell tumor involving adjacent soft tissues, and immunohistochemistry demonstrated focal cytokeratin AE1/AE3 expression, multifocal EMA positivity, and strong diffuse nuclear SS18 staining, supporting synovial sarcoma. The patient underwent limb-sparing resection after multidisciplinary evaluation. This case emphasizes the importance of pathologic confirmation before vascular-directed intervention.
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) among patients evaluated for suspected disease at a tertiary hospital in Southern Saudi Arabia and to evaluate associated hematologic and coagulation findings. A retrospective study was conducted on 70 patients evaluated between 2021 and 2025 at Asir Central Hospital (ACH). Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from medical records. Diagnosis and classification of MDS were based on peripheral blood smear, bone marrow examination, and available cytogenetic findings according to the current WHO guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed to assess hematologic and coagulation profiles and their association with disease characteristics. Among the 70 patients evaluated for suspected MDS, 22 (31.4%) were diagnosed with MDS. The disease predominantly affected older individuals. Hematological findings demonstrated that cytopenias were the most consistent feature. In particular, anemia was the most prominent finding, followed by leukopenia and thrombocytopenia; notably, there were statistically significant differences observed in key parameters (p<0.05). Coagulation abnormalities were evidenced by significant prolongation of prothrombin time (PT) in patients with MDS. Cytogenetic analysis was available for 20 patients. The analysis identified abnormalities in 35.0% of cases; this was most commonly del(5q) and del(20q), contributing to diagnosis and risk stratification. MDS represented a substantial proportion of patients evaluated for suspected disease and was characterized by significant multilineage cytopenias and coagulation abnormalities, particularly prolonged PT. Integrated evaluation of hematological, morphological, and cytogenetic findings is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective clinical management. Further large-scale studies are recommended to better define the regional burden of MDS.
Biopolymeric heterostructure semiconductors are continuously being improved for efficient charge separation. Herein, a Tragacanth gum-mediated FeS2/g-C3N4 heterostructure (TFCN) was successfully prepared for solar-driven degradation of organic dyes. The composite was characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, UV-Vis Spectroscopy, Zeta Potential and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface analysis. TFCN produced well-defined and evenly distributed grains measuring 0.56 µm. The zeta potential of -54.10 mV disclosed that the TFCN photocatalyst possessed strong electrostatic repulsion and good colloidal stability. TFCN showed superior sunlight-driven photocatalytic degradation of RR 24 (93.57%) compared to FeS2 (FS), g-C3N4 (CN), following pseudo first order kinetics, exhibiting rate constant of 0.03122 min-1 and R2 value of 0.99087. The high degradation efficiency of TFCN is due to synergism between TG, FS, and CN, which enhances the separation of the photogenerated electron/hole pairs. The proposed photocatalytic mechanism confirmed the prominent role of superoxide (O2•-) radicals in the degradation of RR 24 dye. The negative ΔG° (-7.41 J mol-1 K) and the positive ΔH° (41.47 J mol-1) of TFCN indicated its thermodynamically feasible endothermic nature, making it an attractive candidate for water purification.
Developing multifunctional biodegradable films using agricultural by-products to achieve high-value and sustainable utilization of agricultural residues is a prominent research focus in the field. In this study, green fluorescent carbon dots (RCDs) were prepared from Rosa roxburghii Tratt pomace, and their composition and fluorescence performance were systematically analyzed. RCDs were used as functional modifiers to compound with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for fabricating green fluorescent composite films (RCDs/PVA). The results showed that RCDs effectively improved the antioxidant activity, antibacterial performance and soil degradation of PVA-based films: at 40% RCDs dosage, RCDs/PVA exhibited excellent antioxidant and antibacterial properties, with a DPPH free radical scavenging rate of 82.4%, and antibacterial rates of 100% and 72% against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. After 56 days of soil burial, RCDs/PVA showed obvious surface erosion and damage, with a degradation weight loss rate of 20.8%. RCDs/PVA was applied to the fresh-keeping packaging of strawberries and fresh-cut apples. The results indicated that, compared with PVA, RCDs/PVA could effectively delay the decay and deterioration of fruits. This work provides a feasible technical approach and practical basis for preparing fluorescent carbon dots from agricultural processing by-products, enabling polymer substrates to gain multifunctional activities via carbon dot modification.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have received considerable attention as potential adjunctive agents in antitumor therapy. However, systematic bibliometric analyses of this research area remain limited. This study aims to systematically examine research trends, knowledge hotspots, and emerging themes related to omega-3 PUFAs in oncology from 2000 to 2025, with the goal of providing valuable insights for future investigations. Records related to omega-3 PUFAs and oncology published between 2000 and 2025 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus. Bibliometric mapping was performed using R/bibliometrix, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace. In addition, clinical trial records from PubMed were screened to summarize clinical progress in this field. A total of 2,917 publications from the Web of Science and 7,380 publications from Scopus were analyzed. From 2000 to 2025, the annual number of publications in this field increased gradually, then reached a plateau, followed by a slight decline. The United States was the leading contributor in terms of publication output (n = 819), followed by China (n = 391) and Italy (n = 171). The United States also demonstrated a broader international collaboration network. Nutrients published the largest number of articles (n = 98, IF = 5.0), whereas the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition received the highest number of citations (n = 5,299, IF = 6.9). Major research themes included "inflammation," "breast cancer," "risk," "colorectal cancer," and "expression." Antitumor mechanisms represented the dominant research focus. Another major theme involved associations among dietary omega-3 PUFAs intake, biomarker status, and cancer risk or progression. Furthermore, the application of omega-3 PUFAs in clinical antitumor therapy has emerged as a prominent research trend. Clinical trials in this field have primarily focused on antitumor applications and have shown a tendency toward combined treatment strategies. Research on omega-3 PUFAs in oncology is progressively shifting from mechanistic exploration toward clinically oriented and translational applications. Emerging trends emphasize the integration of molecular mechanisms, objective exposure biomarkers, and clinical intervention strategies within a precision-oriented nutritional oncology framework. Future studies should focus on standardized exposure assessment, dose-response modeling, patient stratification, and clinically meaningful endpoints to better define target populations, optimal formulations and dosages, and appropriate intervention windows.
High-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) is essential for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) but frequently causes hepatotoxicity. To address the critical lack of early prediction tools, this study investigated untargeted metabolomic profiles to identify predictive biomarkers and establish robust machine learning (ML) models for early clinical risk assessment and therapeutic optimization. This study included 106 pediatric patients with ALL undergoing HD-MTX therapy. Of these, 56 developed moderate-to-severe liver injury. Untargeted plasma metabolomics was performed before and after treatment. Metabolic alterations were identified using multivariate analyses, with pathway annotation performed via KEGG enrichment. Key discriminatory metabolites were further screened via LASSO regression to identify potential biomarkers. Three ML algorithms (Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and Bayesian logistic regression) were developed for risk prediction, integrating SHAP analysis for model interpretability and feature contribution evaluation. Patients with liver injury showed distinct metabolic signatures compared with controls. Prior to HD-MTX treatment, 13 metabolites-such as prominently elevated glycocholic acid-were identified as potential predictors of liver injury, with overarching pathway alterations primarily involving arginine biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism, among others. Post-treatment, 11 distinct metabolites-including arachidic acid-further distinguished the injury group, reflecting complex regulatory mechanisms and multi-pathway shifts. Crucially, all three ML models developed using pre- or post-treatment metabolic biomarkers exhibited high predictive and discriminative accuracy for hepatotoxicity (AUC > 0.900). These findings characterize the metabolic alterations underlying HD-MTX-induced liver injury, provide a metabolomics-based framework for early risk assessment, and facilitate the development of precision therapeutic strategies in pediatric ALL.
To compare the effects of intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) and intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) on optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters for patients with macular edema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO). This retrospective study included 70 eyes of 70 patients diagnosed with RVO who attended the Department of Ophthalmology between February 2013 and March 2020. The patients received either IVA or IVR injections and were followed for at least 6 months. Demographic data, systemic comorbidities, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and OCT parameters before and at 1 and 6 months after injection were evaluated. Longitudinal changes were analyzed using repeated-measures general linear models, and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to adjust for potential confounding factors. The IVA group exhibited a significantly greater reduction in central macular thickness (CMT) at 6 months compared to the IVR group (p = .032). The decrease in the horizontal diameter of the largest intraretinal cyst (IRC) was more prominent in the IVA group at 1 month (p = .043). A greater reduction in the disorganization of the retinal inner layer (DRIL) width was also observed in the IVA group at 6 months (p = .009). No significant differences were detected between the groups regarding the hyperreflective foci (HRF) count, subretinal fluid (SRF) vertical height, ellipsoid zone (EZ) integrity, external limiting membrane (ELM) integrity, or epiretinal membrane (ERM) presence. Multivariable analyses identified baseline CMT, and RVO subtype for DRIL, rather than treatment group, as independent predictors of anatomical improvement. Both agents demonstrated comparable effects on OCT biomarkers and visual acuity. Larger, prospective studies with longer follow-up periods are warranted to validate these findings.