搜索结果：Preventive veterinary medicine

Veterinary diagnostics is undergoing a significant transformation driven by technological advancements, extending its scope from the traditional confirmation of specific pathogens to the continuous, dynamic surveillance of animal population's health. This paradigm shift has the potential to enable more timely disease control, precise intervention, and enhanced public health security. Traditional clinical and laboratory diagnostic methods, such as microbial culture, serological assays, and nucleic acid-based polymerase chain reaction, form the cornerstone of the current diagnostic framework and are widely applied based on varying detection needs and practical environments. Nonetheless, the field is experiencing profound innovation. Firstly, novel detection technologies are emerging, such as digital PCR (dPCR), CRISPR-Cas-based molecular diagnostic tools, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and metagenomic sequencing. These technologies have not only achieved breakthroughs in sensitivity and specificity but, more importantly, enable the unbiased discovery of novel pathogens. Secondly, the deep integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data is reshaping the diagnostic pipeline. By consolidating and analyzing multimodal information streams from imaging, genomics, wearable devices, and production data, AI algorithms can provide objective, quantitative decision support, facilitating a transition from post-symptomatic diagnosis towards predictive and preventive health management. This scoping review systematically summarizes both mainstream and emerging veterinary diagnostic technologies, elaborates and discusses their advantages and limitations as well as future developmental directions, while highlighting that the combined application of multiple methods represents an optimal diagnostic strategy.

Poultry health management plays a significant role in ensuring food safety and economic stability in Bangladesh. Field veterinarians are key contributors to poultry healthcare, yet their activities, challenges and impact remain underexplored. This study examined the roles and responsibilities of both government and private field veterinarians from across the national poultry industry, focusing on veterinary care, disease prevention, and biosecurity implementation within the broader context of One Health. We examined recruitment processes, facilities and challenges encountered by these veterinarians and how they think these factors impact the delivery of veterinary services to poultry farmers. This qualitative study was conducted between June 2021 and July 2023 with 62 field veterinarians from across Bangladesh completing semi-structured interviews. MAXQDA software was used for the analysis of interview transcripts, generation of inductive codes and identification of emerging themes. Inductive analysis revealed a recurring pattern across interviews indicating that employer priorities shape veterinarians' responsibilities in poultry health. This influence can be explained by eight interrelated themes that emerged from the interviews. Findings highlighted field veterinarians' contribution to disease prevention, vaccination, biosecurity enforcement, antimicrobial usage and farmer education. Challenges such as workforce and resource limitations, inadequate farmer compliance, and the need for continuous professional development were described as hindering effective service delivery. Moreover, the veterinarians indicated that variations in recruitment processes, job benefits and workplace conditions significantly influence their ability to deliver optimal poultry health services. We conclude that there is a need for policy reforms to better facilitate delivery and align poultry veterinary services targeting poultry disease prevention with public health objectives and the One Health approach.

Conventional diagnostics for livestock and poultry outbreaks commonly rely on culture or targeted PCR panels, which may be too slow or too narrow to guide early control decisions. Portable metagenomics, particularly real-time nanopore sequencing, offers a route to broad pathogen detection, antimicrobial-resistance gene profiling, and outbreak investigation within an integrated workflow. This implementation-focused review evaluates how near-point-of-care metagenomics may support preventive veterinary medicine through earlier detection, surveillance, cohorting, biosecurity decisions, and antimicrobial stewardship. We synthesize sample-to-answer workflows for enteric and respiratory disease in food-producing animals, including sampling, nucleic-acid extraction, host depletion or target enrichment, library preparation, sequencing, bioinformatics, quality control, and interpretation. Applications in calf diarrhea, bovine respiratory disease, poultry outbreaks, mastitis, and resistome monitoring are considered alongside the central limitation that detection alone does not establish causation. Pathogen and resistance-gene signals must therefore be interpreted with clinical signs, lesions, epidemiology, controls, and confirmatory testing. We also propose a minimum reporting checklist, intended as a practical framework rather than a validated consensus standard. Portable metagenomics is not a replacement for conventional diagnostics, but appropriately validated workflows can reduce uncertainty during time-sensitive outbreaks and support more judicious antimicrobial use.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent malignancy in males with high morbidity and mortality. Although treatment modalities have evolved considerably, tumor resistance, recurrence, and metastasis persist, urgently requiring the exploration of alternative therapies for PCa. There is ongoing research on finding and identifying the use of traditional plant medicine (TPM). Cellular homeostasis comprises a sophisticated network of metabolic processes that functions cooperatively to preserve a stable intracellular environment. Programmed cell death (PCD) plays an important role in PCa mechanism. Thus, they represent an effective strategy for targeting PCa. TPM has been proven to induce PCD through multiple pathways and target in the treatment of PCa. Recent reviews have only focused on the one of the PCD, and autophagy, apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis are not simultaneously reviewed. The search strategy: articles with the title containing "prostate cancer", "therapeutic", "traditional medicine", "apoptosis", "pyroptosis", autophagy", "in vivo/in vitro", "active ingredients", "Herbal", "real modules", "dose", "pathway", "effects/mechanisms", "extract", "pure compound", "drug type", "anticancer activity", "Chinese herbal compounds", "necroptosis" and "ferroptosis" had been initially selected in the past five years databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. The references were screened according to the strategy. Forty-two drugs in the TPM have been chosen in this review. The plant extract, Chinese herbal compound, and pure compound of TPM exhibit significant anticancer activity against PCa by regulating multiple kinds of PCD. More importantly, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, AMPK/mTOR pathways, AKT1/Bcl2/NF-κB, GPBAR1/NF-κB, Keap1/Nrf2/ARE, PINK1/Parkin signaling pathways serve as critical molecular targets mediating the anticancer activities of TPMs in PCD. Autophagy, apoptosis, and ferroptosis are research hotspots, while pyroptosis and necroptosis are less explored. Apoptosis is co-detected with autophagy, or necroptosis. Ferroptosis is co-detected with necroptosis, or pyroptosis. Notably, the interrelationships between these cell death modes are rarely investigated in depth in the treatment of TPM in PCa. TPM has been induced apoptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis in PCa. But the effect of TPM on the autophagy and pyroptosis need further evidence to clarify the mechanism. Hence, it is imperative to focus on elucidating the role of PCD modulators to refine therapeutic strategies of TPM in PCa.

Endoparasites are a major health concern affecting equine productivity and welfare worldwide. Understanding farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward parasite control is critical for designing effective interventions. This study assessed KAP levels among farmers in South Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, and identified factors associated with good KAP. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 farmers. KAP scores were initially categorized into three levels (low, moderate, and high) and analyzed using chi-square (χ2) tests to explore bivariate associations. For logistic regression analyses, KAP outcomes were dichotomized into good and poor categories. Univariable and multivariable binary logistic regression models were used to identify independent predictors of good KAP, with p ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. The study employed representative sampling across districts, a pre-tested questionnaire, and comprehensive adjustment using multivariable logistic regression to enhance the reliability of the findings. Among 150 respondents, 120 (80%) were male and 30 (20%) female. The majority were adults (50.7%), followed by young (34.7%) and old (14.7%) age groups. Nearly half of the participants were with no formal education (49.3%), 44% had primary education, and 6.7% had secondary education. Farmers were evenly distributed across three districts (Dera, Fogera, and Libokemkem), and most (n = 123, 82%) lived within 1-10 km of a veterinary facility. Overall, 52.7% of farmers demonstrated good knowledge, 66.7% exhibited a positive attitude, and 91.3% reported good practices toward equine endoparasites. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis using SPSS (v. 27) revealed that, for knowledge, adults (AOR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.03-0.50) and older farmers (AOR = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.02-0.55) were less likely to have good knowledge compared to young farmers, whereas educated farmers were substantially more likely to have good knowledge (AOR = 15.8, 95% CI: 3.4-73.8). Regarding attitude, adults (AOR = 0.015, 95% CI: 0.002-0.12) and older farmers (AOR = 0.013, 95% CI: 0.001-0.12) were less likely to have a positive attitude, while education (AOR = 18.5, 95% CI: 5.0-68.0) and residence in Libokemkem district (AOR = 3.80, 95% CI: 1.36-10.57) were positively associated with good attitude. For practice, good practices were more likely among adult farmers (AOR = 54.5, 95% CI: 4.8-620), but less likely among females (AOR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04-0.78) and farmers living >10 km from veterinary services (AOR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.004-0.95). Age and education were key determinants of farmers' KAP toward equine endoparasite control. Hence, targeted educational interventions focusing on different age and education groups could improve parasite management practices in this region.

暂无摘要（点击查看详情）

Veterinary medicine is integral to the response to the global health crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Livestock and companion animals frequently harbor and potentially transmit resistant bacteria to humans, yet sometimes veterinarians prescribe antimicrobials to animals without confirming bacterial infection with culture and susceptibility testing. Lack of culture sample submission also limits the ability of diagnostic laboratories to create informative, unbiased antibiograms, also called cumulative susceptibility reports, impairing decision-making for empirical antimicrobial drug prescribing. We hypothesized that the cost of cultures, which are borne by animal owners, is the primary barrier to culture and susceptibility testing in companion animal practice. This study evaluated the impact of a subsidized diagnostic testing program at a veterinary medical teaching hospital on antibiogram reports and testing proportions. The subsidy was implemented in two phases: an initial 16-month period requiring clinicians to complete a form to access free testing, followed by a 2-month period with automatic application of the subsidy without forms. Significant changes in susceptibility (pre vs post subsidy) were observed for several organism-drug combinations, including decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility in Streptococcus canis and improved beta-lactam susceptibility in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Culture submission proportions showed mixed results: canine submissions significantly decreased during the form-required period but showed no change during the automatic subsidy period, while feline submissions showed no significant changes in either period, though there was a non-significant trend toward increased submissions during the automatic subsidy period. This initiative highlights both the complexity of implementing diagnostic subsidies in veterinary practice and the potential for improving the representativeness and utility of diagnostic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) data, which may support broader AMR monitoring efforts when appropriately analyzed.

Feline dirofilariosis caused by Dirofilaria immitis represents a diagnostic and clinical challenge in veterinary medicine. Heartworm-associated respiratory disease (HARD) is one of the clinical manifestations observed in infected cats. In many cases, cats may die suddenly without suggestive clinical signs. This report describes the first natural D. immitis infection in a cat from the state of Pernambuco, and provides an update on the geographic distribution of this infection in domestic felines in Brazil. In June 2024, the body of a cat that had died suddenly was submitted for necropsy. The main findings included interstitial pneumonia, characterized by a smooth, red, and shiny pulmonary surface, with irregular, darker areas in the cranial lobes. Blood‑tinged material extended from the bronchial region to the trachea. Five filarioid nematodes were found in the pulmonary artery. The parasites were submitted for molecular identification via amplification and sequencing of a fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene. The sequences showed 100% identity with D. immitis in the GenBank database. These findings underscore the importance of implementing preventive measures in cat populations residing in endemic areas to mitigate the risk of infection.

This review article summarizes the emergence of vaccine hesitancy in companion animal medicine and its parallels with human health care. Factors influencing pet owner vaccination decisions include concerns about safety, necessity, cost, overvaccination, and misinformation. Current literature suggests veterinarians remain the most trusted source of vaccine information and play a central role in maintaining vaccine confidence. The article reviews available data on companion animal vaccination trends, owner attitudes, and veterinary team perceptions while highlighting communication strategies, including motivational interviewing and presumptive recommendations, that may improve vaccine acceptance and strengthen preventive health care delivery.

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative agent of Johne's disease and a potential contributor to Crohn's disease, presents a significant challenge due to its resistance to conventional antibiotics. This necessitates the development of innovative strategies for prevention and treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-bacterial activity of pathogen-specific antibodies derived from chicken egg yolks (immunoglobulin Y [IgY]) and the postbiotics from lactic acid bacteria against MAP. Immunoglobulin Y antibodies were produced by immunizing hens with formalin-killed MAP strain antigens. The IgY was extracted and purified, and the anti-MAP titers were quantified by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration of different concentrations of specific anti-MAP IgY and the mixture of postbiotics (from four different probiotic strains, including Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Pediococcus acidilactici) individually and in combination against MAP was determined at various time intervals. Anti-MAP IgY titers in egg yolks increased within 2 weeks of immunization, reaching peak levels at 6 weeks. Growth inhibition assays revealed that postbiotics concentration as low as 6.25 mg mL-1 effectively inhibited MAP growth. Anti-MAP IgY demonstrated anti-bacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 50.00 mg mL-1, while the combined IgY-posbiotics treatment achieved MAP growth inhibition at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 3.125 mg mL-1. The findings of the study suggest that combination therapy with specific IgY and postbiotics may be a promising preventive strategy for controlling MAP infections. Further in vivo studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize the application of this approach for broader use in veterinary and human medicine.

In humans, about 5-10% of all cancers are caused by germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in cancer-predisposing genes, and their identification enables precision oncology approaches, such as surveillance for early detection, preventive medicine, and targeted therapy. Although cancer is a leading cause of death in cats, PVs have not been investigated for precision oncology. We developed a feline-specific multiplex targeted sequencing method to analyze 813 cats for putative PVs in 27 candidate feline cancer-predisposing genes. A total of 784 variants were identified, 13 of which were classified as putative PVs based on predicted truncating impact of amino acid sequence, clinical interpretation of corresponding variants in human, and in silico prediction on amino acid functions. Among 18 cats with one of the 13 putative PVs, seven (38.9%) had various types of confirmed or suspected tumor. Although PV carriers do not always develop cancer even in humans, putative PV carriers without tumors tended to be younger (1.83-16.58, years old, 9.16 years old on average) than the median age of tumor-bearing putative PV carriers (11.83 years old), suggesting that the proportion of affected cats may increase over time. Moreover, five cats with putative PVs in homologous recombination repair genes (BRCA2, RAD51C, or ATM) and two cats with those in mismatch repair genes (MSH2 and MSH6) may be candidates for targeted therapy with PARP inhibitors and immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, respectively. These findings provide the first characterization of putative PVs in feline candidate cancer-predisposing genes, representing an important step toward genomics-informed oncology and risk stratification in cats.

Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) is a prevalent metabolic disorder in laying hens that severely compromises physiological health and egg production. Lecithin, a vital phospholipid complex, is known for its lipotropic and cytoprotective properties; however, whether its preventive effects against FLHS act directly on the liver or rely on systemic shifts remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the direct cytoprotective role and molecular mechanisms of lecithin using an isolated cell-based model of FLHS. An in vitro steatosis model was established by treating Leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cells with exogenous free fatty acids (FFAs). Lipid accumulation and redox status were assessed by quantifying intracellular triglycerides (TG), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and reduced glutathione (GSH) content. The expression of key lipogenic genes, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), was validated via qPCR. Furthermore, transcriptomic sequencing (RNA-seq) was integrated with bioinformatic analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and functional signaling pathways. Lecithin supplementation significantly attenuated FFAs-induced TG accumulation (p < 0.05) and restored cellular redox homeostasis by increasing SOD activity and GSH levels (p < 0.05). In normal hepatocytes, lecithin downregulated the expression of ACC and SCD1 (p < 0.01). Under steatotic conditions, lecithin specifically suppressed SCD1 mRNA levels (p < 0.05). Transcriptomic profiling identified 397 DEGs between the FFA and FFA + lecithin groups. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were primarily involved in oxidoreductase activity and the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway, particularly focusing on cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activities. This study demonstrates that lecithin possesses the capacity to directly protect hepatocytes by attenuating lipid accumulation and enhancing antioxidant defenses, suggesting that its preventive role against FLHS is driven, at least in part, by direct hepatic action rather than relying solely on systemic metabolism. Furthermore, we hypothesize that lecithin may potentially offer additional protection through indirect anti-inflammatory actions. These findings provide a robust theoretical foundation for elucidating the direct hepatoprotective mechanisms of lecithin, contributing to a clearer understanding of its role in FLHS prevention and supporting its scientific dietary supplementation in laying hens, particularly during the peak and late laying periods.

Neonatal calf diarrhoea (NCD) is a major health problem in livestock, causing significant economic losses due to treatment costs, growth retardation, and mortality. Accurately estimating these losses is crucial for effective herd management. Decision tree analysis and Monte Carlo simulation are powerful tools for evaluating the economic impact of different etiological agents. This study aims to determine the economic impacts of the major agents causing diarrhea in newborn calves using Monte Carlo simulation and decision tree analysis. The material used in this study consisted of neonatal period (1-28 days) data of 1,497 calves born on a dairy farm in T&#xfc;rkiye. Health records, including cases of diarrhoea and causative agents, were collected and analysed. An immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic test (BoviD-5 Ag, Bionote, South Korea) was used to identify the agents causing diarrhea. To estimate the economic impact of the main pathogens causing neonatal calf diarrhoea (bovine rotavirus [BRV], bovine coronavirus [BCoV], and Cryptosporidium spp.), a decision tree model and a Monte Carlo simulation were applied. These approaches allowed a general assessment of the financial losses associated with each pathogen and enabled comparison between different disease scenarios (expected and pessimistic). The modelling process was carried out using Python 3.13. In calves without diarrhea (healthy), following only preventive measures, the cost per animal was $13.7. In calves with diarrhea (diseased), the economic loss per animal ranged from $36.82 to $1,519.58, depending on the agent (single or co-infection) and scenario (severity). In single infections, the economic losses ranged from $82.98 to $1,072.72 for Cryptosporidium spp., $61.01 to $1,183.56 for BRV, and $65.74 to $1,170.38 for BCoV. In co-infections, the losses were higher and ranged from $79.34 to $1,246.67 for BRV + BCoV; $142.32 to $1,519.58 for Cryptosporidium spp. + BCoV; $124.90 to $998.25 for BRV + Cryptosporidium spp., and $170.00 to $1,336.52 for the triple infection (Cryptosporidium spp. + BCoV + BRV). The total economic loss of diarrhea for a farm with 1,497 calves born annually was estimated at $130,502.52 (95% CI: $96,391.72-168,419.85). Economic losses due to calf diarrhea agents were estimated separately for single and co-infections under recovery (expected) and mortality (pessimistic) scenarios using Monte Carlo simulation and decision tree analysis. The results provide a decision support tool for farm management, resource planning, and veterinary health policy.

Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a major respiratory pathogen in felids, which brings an economic burden to the world, such as increasing veterinary costs, strict epidemic management, and increasing animal mortality. The poor feeding management in China makes the highly virulent systemic feline calicivirus (VS-FCV) spread rapidly, thus becoming a public health problem. We examined the factors driving FCV virulence enhancement. We combined global phylogenetic reconstruction with experimental validation. Bayesian analysis classified existing FCV isolates into two genotypes: GI and GII. GII predominates in recent Asian outbreaks. This lineage demonstrates superior host adaptability, likely due to specific codon usage patterns and VP1 structural evolution. We compared the pathogenicity of GI (WH0531) and GII (WX9) in vivo. The GII isolate WX9 caused higher mortality and wider tissue tropism than GI WH0531. Immune assays confirmed restricted cross-protection between the two genotypes. Antigenic variation restricts current prevention strategies. Genotype determines FCV pathogenicity and shapes the evolutionary history of the virus. A diagram depicting the relationship between molecular evolution and clinical phenotypes was drawn. This study lays a solid scientific foundation for the development of the next - generation broad - spectrum vaccines to neutralize the increasingly lethal feline diseases.

Cordylobia anthropophaga is a major cause of furuncular myiasis in dogs and humans in sub-Saharan Africa, yet evidence for pharmacological control remains limited. Current management relies mainly on mechanical larval removal, and no controlled studies have assessed the efficacy of modern antiparasitic agents. This study evaluated the curative and preventive efficacy of a single dose of afoxolaner (NexGard&#xae;) in dogs with naturally acquired C. anthropophaga infestation under field conditions and explored a possible indirect protective effect in puppies after maternal treatment. A randomized, blinded, negative-controlled field study was conducted in Samburu County, Kenya, and included 104 naturally infested dogs allocated to a treated group (n&#x202f;=&#x202f;53) or an untreated control group (n&#x202f;=&#x202f;51). Clinical evaluations were performed on Days 0, 15 (&#xb1;2), 30 (&#xb1;2), and 45 (&#xb1;2). Efficacy was assessed based on the presence of active nodules and clinical scores. Additional observational data were collected from puppies born to or nursing from treated bitches. Compared to the control group, parasiticide efficacy was 94% on Day 15 and 100% on Day 30. The number of parasite-free dogs reached 86.3% on Day 15, 100% on Day 30, and 95.3% on Day 45. Treated dogs showed a significant clinical improvement from the first post-treatment assessment, whereas infestation persisted in controls (nodules: OR = 0.003, 95% CI 0.001-0.017; skin lesions: OR = 0.010, 95% CI 0.002-0.051; lymph node: OR = 0.013, 95% CI 0.002-0.074; body condition: OR = 0.073, 95% CI 0.027-0.195; all p&#x202f;<&#x202f;.001), with large effect sizes at the final visit for all outcomes (r&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.521-0.793). No C. anthropophaga infestations were detected in examined puppies from treated dams, including puppies exposed during pregnancy or lactation, up to 4 weeks after birth and up to 11 weeks of age, respectively. Afoxolaner appears effective to control canine cordylobiosis and may offer indirect protection to puppies, warranting further investigation.

The importance of swine welfare has grown in Latin America, driving universities in this region to place significant efforts in developing educational opportunities to better prepare future animal professionals. While students' perspectives are central to assess the efficacy of these programs, research remains limited. To tackle this issue, this study aimed to explore, through an online survey, Latin American future animal professionals' perceptions and attitudes toward swine welfare and examine their confidence in discussing and addressing welfare issues specific to pigs. The survey was distributed among universities located in Ecuador, Brazil, Chile, and Honduras to undergraduate and graduate students in veterinary and animal science programs. Participant responses (n = 216) were analyzed using cluster and risk factor analysis. Cluster analysis revealed three distinct groups, all of which agreed on the importance of animal welfare but varied in how students value swine welfare education and in their confidence to communicate and address swine welfare issues. Additionally, risk factor analysis revealed that students' source of information was an important cluster membership predictor. Overall, this study provided insights into students' perspectives, values, and confidence regarding swine welfare, as well as recommendations for future research that universities and researchers should consider to further enhance the education of future animal professionals in the region and beyond.

Tick-borne diseases represent important illnesses in dogs, but information about their occurrence in some regions of northeastern Brazil is still limited. Considering the possible differences in the distribution of these agents among the various regions of the country, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Babesia vogeli, Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon spp., and Borrelia spp., as well as factors associated with these infections in urban dogs from the Brejo Paraibano microregion. To this end, canine blood samples were analyzed using TaqMan real-time PCR protocols or conventional PCR. Overall, of the 398 dogs sampled 109 (27.3%) tested positive for at least one of the four pathogens investigated. Deeming each pathogen, B. vogeli was detected in 25 animals, E. canis in 32, and Hepatozoon spp. in 71, the latter confirmed as H. canis by DNA sequencing in at least 10 dogs. Borrelia spp. was not detected in any dog. After multivariate analysis, for B. vogeli, the presence of apathy (P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.034), anemia (P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.035), and high tick infestation (P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.017) were associated. No variable was associated with positivity for E. canis (P&#xa0;>&#xa0;0.05). For Hepatozoon (including H. canis), the ingestion of untreated water (P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.002) was associated. The results confirm the circulation of pathogens of veterinary importance in the state, and report, for the first time, the molecular detection of Hepatozoon canis in the state. Furthermore, they provide information on associated factors that contribute to the planning of surveillance and control measures in the region.

Calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis is strongly associated with oxidative stress, renal tubular injury, and inflammation. Natural products rich in polyphenols may serve as promising complementary preventive strategies. This study investigated the antiurolithiatic and renoprotective effects of Rhus coriaria fruit extract in an ethylene glycol-induced rat model of nephrolithiasis. Forty-two male rats were randomized into seven groups (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;6): control, ethylene glycol (EG), EG&#x2009;+&#x2009;potassium citrate, R. coriaria 250&#xa0;mg/kg/day, R. coriaria 500&#xa0;mg/kg/day, EG&#x2009;+&#x2009;R. coriaria 250&#xa0;mg/kg/day, and EG&#x2009;+&#x2009;R. coriaria 500&#xa0;mg/kg/day. Nephrolithiasis was induced with 1% ethylene glycol for 28 days. Serum biochemistry, urinary lithogenic parameters, oxidative stress markers including total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA), histopathology, and immunohistochemical expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and osteopontin (OPN) were evaluated. Phytochemical characterization of the extract was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD). Gallic acid was identified as the predominant phenolic constituent, together with smaller amounts of protocatechuic acid and ellagic acid. Ethylene glycol significantly increased urinary lithogenic parameters, oxidative stress indices, crystal deposition, tubular injury, and OPN expression. Treatment with R. coriaria significantly reduced urinary oxalate and calcium levels, improved TAS, SOD, and CAT levels, lowered TOS and MDA concentrations, and markedly attenuated crystal deposition, inflammation, and tubular dilatation. OPN expression was substantially decreased in treated groups, whereas KIM-1 showed a decreasing trend. Protective effects were more pronounced at the 500&#xa0;mg/kg/day dose. R. coriaria fruit extract exerted significant antiurolithiatic and renoprotective effects in experimental calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. These findings suggest that R. coriaria may represent a potential adjunctive strategy for calcium oxalate stone disease.

Failure of passive transfer (FPT) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in neonatal foals worldwide. Adequate ingestion and intestinal absorption of colostral immunoglobulin G (IgG) during the first hours of life are essential to ensure protection against early-life infections, such as diarrhoea and pneumonia, frequently with fatal outcome. This review summarizes current knowledge on the physiology of passive immunization, risk factors for inadequate IgG absorption, diagnostic methods, therapeutic strategies, and evidence-based preventive measures. Recent research highlights the importance of early and accurate assessment of immune status using reliable field and laboratory techniques. A comprehensive understanding of FPT pathogenesis, combined with consistent management practices, is critical for reducing neonatal disease, improving survival, and enhancing long-term performance outcomes in horses.