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Ceratobasidiaceae is a family of cryptic basidiomycetous fungi, most notable for the plant pathogens known under generic names such as Rhizoctonia, Thanatephorus, Ceratorhiza, and Ceratobasidium. While responsible for billions of dollars in crop losses annually, members of these genera also serve important ecological functions as orchid mycorrhizal symbionts and saprotrophs. While asexually-typified (Rhizoctonia and Ceratorhiza) and sexually-typified (Thanatephorus and Ceratobasidium) names have been utilised, molecular studies have repeatedly demonstrated these genera to be paraphyletic. In addition, the type of Ceratobasidium is not congeneric with the many other species introduced in the genus. Despite previous attempts to synonymise various names under a broadly-defined Rhizoctonia, authors have continued to describe new species using outdated generic names. Using publicly-available ITS, LSU, ATP6, RPB2, and TEF1 sequences generated from holotype specimens or from isolates obtained from permanently preserved cultures of type collections (ex-type specimens), we recovered a phylogeny of the Ceratobasidiaceae that reiterates the paraphyly of various genera within a well-supported clade to which we apply the name Rhizoctonia. We review the placements of names introduced in the genera Ceratobasidium, Ceratorhiza, and Thanatephorus, and formalise 32 new combinations in Rhizoctonia. While it is accepted that the type of Ceratobasidium does not belong in Rhizoctonia, we advocate continued use of the family name Ceratobasidiaceae and discuss a nomenclatural solution to formally cement this usage. Using Rhizoctonia as a case study, we argue that continued use of names that are evident synonyms is out of step with contemporary fungal taxonomic practice and precludes a holistic understanding of the classification and biology of this group. Citation: O'Donnell RP, Linde CC, May TW (2025). Rise up, Rhizoctonia: moving to one fungus, one name in the Ceratobasidiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales). Persoonia 54: 285-325. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.09.

The myrmecophilous hirsutelloid fungi of the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis complex are common in tropical forests around the world. They are known as zombie-ant fungi because they manipulate the behaviour of ants, since infected ants are forced to move to specific sites in the forest, with optimal environmental conditions for the development of the fungus sporocarp or sporome and the release of the spores. Once there, the ants grab to the substrate with their mandibles, die, and their body becomes a source of nutrients for the fungus. Most of the species of the O. unilateralis complex have been described from the Neotropics and the East and Southeast Asia. However, it is likely that there are still many unknown species due to the diversity of their hosts and different specific associations. In this study, we describe six new species of the O. unilateralis complex from western Mexico: O. camponoti-striati, O. cephalotiphila, O. deltoroi, O. haraveriensis, O. jaliscana, and O. pseudocamponoti-atricipis, based on morphological characters, phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences (18S, TEF1, RPB1, and RPB2), and ecological data. We found the following host associations: one fungus - one ant, two fungi - one ant, and one fungus - two ants. Furthermore, we confirmed the host species of the ant genera Camponotus and Colobopsis (Formicinae) based on morphological characters and COI sequences, but we also found two species of Cephalotes (Myrmicinae) susceptible to fungal attack, challenging the paradigm that the O. unilateralis complex is a specific parasite of Camponotini (Formicinae) ants. This study provides insights into the evolution and host range of the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis complex in Mexico. Citation: Ballesteros-Aguirre CE, Sanjuan T, Ramírez-Cruz V, Villalobos-Arámbula AR, Vásquez-Bolaños M, Guzmán-Dávalos L (2025). Zombie-ant fungi from western Mexico: six new species in the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis complex (Hypocreales: Ascomycota) and a new host association with Cephalotes ants. Persoonia 55: 203-237. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.55.06.

Lichen-inhabiting (lichenicolous) fungi comprise a considerable portion of the Hypocreales (Sordariomycetes), their placement and phylogenetic relationships within the order remain largely unknown due to a lack of available molecular data. This study focuses mainly on tropical lichenicolous hypocrealean fungi which were neglected for a long time. Increasing knowledge of this fungal group is crucial to better understanding the complex evolutionary histories and trophic strategies of the Hypocreales. Through an order-wide phylogeny based on multiple loci, we unveiled a novel lineage within the Hypocreales, composed exclusively of lichenicolous species from genera such as Ovicuculispora and Paranectria, along with Nectriopsis lichenophila and Nectria byssophila-like taxa. Beyond the strong phylogenetic support, the clade is also characterized by its distinct morphology. Here it is introduced as a new family Paranectriaceae characterized by yellow to orange sessile ascomata, featuring a distinct tomentum, and by pigment in ascomata walls that do not change colour in KOH solution. The delimitation of interspecific and generic boundaries within the novel family was based on molecular, morphological and ecological data. As a result, we established nine species and five genera, including two genera new to science (Rossmaniella and Sphaeronectria) and four new species (Rossmaniella coenogonii, R. cryptica, R. filispora, and R. tylophori). Additionally, we reinstated the genus Ciliomyces, with the type species Ciliomyces oropensis, from the synonyms of Paranectria. Our results also show that the genus Neobaryopsis is more closely related to the family Calcarisporiaceae than to the Cordycepitaceae, as originally described. A key to species determination within Paranectriaceae is provided. The present study suggests that neglected lichenicolous fungi are an important component that appears in Hypocreales several times during their evolution, and indicates that their considerable diversity can still be hidden. Citation: Darmostuk V, Etayo J, Rodriguez-Flakus P, Kukwa M, Pino-Bodas R, Pérez-Ortega S, Flakus A (2025). A novel, exclusively lichen-inhabiting lineage of hypocrealean fungi revealed in the Sordariomycetes. Persoonia 54: 47-91. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.02.

A paper by Johnston and others published in 2019 provided three Leotiomycetes-wide phylogenies, one based on genomes, one a multigene phylogeny with up to 15 genes, and one based on ITS sequences. The genomic and multigene phylogenies provided a backbone phylogeny for the class that has proven to be robust, providing a phylogenetically stable concept for the large order Helotiales. However, a lack of genomic data for the clades outside of Helotiales, towards the root of the tree, meant that relationships in this part of the tree remained somewhat poorly resolved. The ITS phylogeny, although phylogenetically much less informative, provided a wider taxon coverage, focussing on the type species of genera not otherwise treated for which ITS data was available. This paper treats genera listed as Leotiomycetes in the Outline of Fungi 2024. It incorporates newly available DNA sequence data and taxonomic changes, especially for genera, families, and orders published since 2019, into the 2019 multigene and ITS analyses. The genomic phylogeny is not updated. Citation: Johnston PR, Park D (2025). An updated multigene phylogeny of Leotiomycetes. Persoonia 55: 527-566. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.55.13.

We investigated Lepiota species from Benin and reference species from Europe based on fieldwork, light microscopy, and the analysis of DNA sequence data. As a result, thirteen Lepiota species from Benin are described as new to science, whereas only one previously described species, L. albogranulosa, was found. An identification key to these species is provided. The taxonomical results are supported by a comprehensive multilocus phylogeny based on ITS, LSU, and RPB2 sequences. In addition, the occurrence of amatoxins in basidiomata of Lepiota spp. was examined, in order to detect toxic mushrooms and for chemotaxonomic conclusions for the genus Lepiota in general. To this end, an UHPLC-HRMS2 analysis process was applied and molecular networks were generated to obtain an overview of the chemical diversity encompassed by 46 Lepiota species, with particular emphasis on their amatoxin content, resulting in the first report of a Lepiota species containing amatoxin for Benin. The annotation coverage was extended using DEREPLICATOR and taxonomically informed metabolite annotation (TIMA). Birnbaumins were discovered in several species as well as other chemical features of possible chemotaxonomic interest. This study extends the knowledge about diversity, amatoxin occurrence, and possible chemotaxonomic markers in the genus Lepiota. Citation: Sarawi S, Reschke K, Jagora A, Yorou NS, Le Pogam P, Piepenbring M (2025). Hidden gems of Benin: Unravelling the diversity of Lepiota spp. through phylogenetic, morphological, and chemotaxonomic exploration. Persoonia 55: 313-360. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.55.09.

Lichen thalli are niches for microorganisms, including microfungi, microalgae and non-photosynthetic bacteria, which form communities of variable composition, often shaped by the environmental conditions under which the lichen thalli develop. In Antarctica lichens represent an important group of organisms characterized by a high percentage of endemism, which have specialized to grow on rocks, as the predominant substrate for colonization. Here, Antarctic epilithic thalli of five endemic and three cosmopolitan lichen species have been investigated for their potential role as fungal species hotspots. The culturable fraction of the Antarctic lichen-associated fungi and algae was uncovered with the aim to isolate as many species as possible and find whether taxa are strictly connected to the Antarctic environment or are cosmopolitan species that particularly associate to lichens in harsh, extreme environments. Over 300 fungal and algal inocula grew in culture, among which we recognized species previously described, as well as five new fungal species in Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, namely: Petrophila complexa sp. nov., Dactylospora endolichenica sp. nov., Knufia elegansiana sp. nov., Pseudeurotium lichenicum sp. nov., and Kurtzmanomyces lichenum sp. nov. These species seem to select lichens as their preferred niche, both in Antarctica and worldwide. Indeed, the major representatives of the lichen mycobiota are fungi that do not show any specificity toward a particular lichen host species, rather toward the lichen thallus in general, as a structure in which spores, yeast cells and mycelia fragments thrive or rest. Particularly in Antarctica, where conditions on rock surfaces are far more selective than elsewhere, lichen thalli would be even more exploited as suitable niches by other fungi for their evolution and diversification. Citation: de Carolis R, Stoppiello G, Turchetti B, Bartolomeo G, Coleine C, Tetriach M, Selbmann L, Muggia L (2025). Cryptic associated fungi and algae isolated from Antarctic epilithic lichens of the Victoria Land and the description of five new fungal species. Persoonia 55: 439-476. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.55.11.

Species of Fusarium and related fusarioid genera are widely distributed and commonly associated with diverse plant hosts, either as saprobes, endophytes, or pathogens. Although fusarioid fungi have been implicated in citrus diseases worldwide, their diversity and pathogenic potential on citrus in China remain poorly characterized. To investigate their species diversity, extensive field surveys were conducted in several citrus-producing regions of China between 2021 and 2024. Symptomatic tissues exhibiting dieback, necrosis, gummosis, canker, and wood decay were collected from twigs, branches, and trunks. Based on multi-locus phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics, 336 fusarioid isolates from eight provinces were assigned to six Fusarium species complexes and the genus Neocosmospora, comprising 21 known species (15 Fusarium spp. and six Neocosmospora spp.) and three novel species, namely F. gummosum, N. reticulatae and N. unshiu. Among the known species, 13 are reported from Citrus spp. for the first time, and two represent new records for China. Pathogenicity tests revealed that most fusarioid isolates were pathogenic to citrus branches, with N. unshiu and F. asiaticum being the most aggressive, inducing gummosis and cortex and xylem necrosis, consistent with symptoms observed in the field. Notably, N. unshiu was found to be the dominant pathogen causing citrus trunk canker in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, where it is widely distributed and causes significant damage to citrus. To our knowledge, this study represents the first comprehensive investigation of fusarioid fungi associated with citrus branch diseases in China and provides a basis for future pathogen monitoring, disease prevention, and management strategies. Citation: Xiao XE, Cheng MJ, Zheng F, Ao YJ, Deng JR, Crous PW, Jiao C, Li HY (2025). Species of Fusarium and Neocosmospora associated with citrus branch diseases in China. Persoonia 55: 477-525. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.55.12.

In this study, we describe four species of Cortinarius subgen. Telamonia sect. Bovini as new to science: Cortinarius acutipes, C. cepiformis, C. schistaceus and C. sericeovelatus. We also provide updated descriptions and synonymies for several known species in the section, including C. pachypus (formerly C. terribilis and C. pseudobulbosus), C. sordescens (neotypified here), C. turgidulus and C. urbis-veteris, as well as for C. hillieri, here supported as a genuine Bovini member. In addition, through DNA sequencing of its holotype, we fix here the interpretation of C. aprinus, the iconic member of a difficult group of large, fleshy, grey brown Telamonia species often referred to as Aprini or Sordescentes. We also update the taxonomy of C. diffractosuavis (sect. Sordescentes) and C. testaceomicaceus (sect. Exsulares), to yield a most comprehensive overview of phylogenetically supported "bovinoid" species from deciduous forests on calcareous soils of Europe. The habitat and distribution of all treated species are presented, and a tentative identification key is also proposed. Citation: Schmidt-Stohn G, Bellanger J-M, Brandrud TE, Bidaud A, Oertel B, Saar G, Ballarà J, Carteret X, Reyes García JdD, Dondl B, Ploch S, Thines M, Dima B (2025). The big brown Telamonia unlocked: four new species in Cortinarius section Bovini (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) and a revised taxonomy of bovinoid Cortinarii. Persoonia 55: 1-57. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.55.01.

Species of Bisifusarium (previously the Fusarium dimerum species complex) have been associated with cheese fermentation and a wide range of opportunistic human infections, but they are generally regarded as saprotrophs. Bisifusarium spp. are also commonly isolated from soils and tissues of plants growing in arid climates. The genus is typically characterized by its distinct pionnotal growth in culture, and typically very short, 0-2(-3)-septate macroconidia, produced in sporodochia or on lateral phialidic hyphal pegs. Only 16 species of Bisifusarium have been described to date, and this study sought to re-evaluate these taxa by examining 116 Bisifusarium isolates from the culture collection of the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute in Utrecht, The Netherlands. A multi-gene phylogenetic analysis using partial nucleotide sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), partial RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), the 5.8S nrDNA with its flanking intergenic spacer regions (ITS), and partial β-tubulin (tub2) genes resolved 25 phylogenetic lineages. Further evaluation of culture and morphological characters, and host-substrates, confirmed eight of these clades as novel taxa that are formally described here. In addition, two putative novel species were identified but not described due to limited available data. We provide the morphological descriptions and photographic illustrations for B. hedylamarriae and B. lovelliae, which were formerly known only from their DNA data. This study significantly increases the number of species in Bisifusarium and provides a crucial foundation for future studies to elucidate the ecology and evolutionary relationships within this expanding genus. Citation: Zhang K, Sandoval-Denis M, Kandemir H, Yilmaz N, Groenewald JZ, Roets F, Yáñez-Morales M de J, Wingfield MJ, Crous PW (2025). Taxonomic revision of Bifusarium (Nectriaceae). Persoonia 54: 197-223. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.06.

Cytospora is a widespread fungal genus that causes canker diseases in woody plants worldwide. Recent studies have clarified the classification of this genus by combing phylogenetic analysis and morphological characteristics. However, the species diversity of Cytospora in the high-altitude forests of the Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region in China has not been systematically studied. In the present study, 136 isolates were collected from cankered branches of woody plants in Xizang and identified using multigene phylogenetics, culture characteristics and morphology. As a result of these analyses, the genus was divided into 10 species complexes (Beilinensis SC, Chrysosperma SC, Euonymicola SC, Japonica SC, Kantschavelii SC, Leucostoma SC, Pruinosa SC, Ribis SC, Sacchari SC and Viticola SC) and 12 singletons. In total 50 species were identified, of which 23 were found to be new to science. This study highlights the species diversity of forest pathogens in Xizang, providing valuable information for future disease management practices. Citation: Jiang N, Voglmayr H, Li JR, Xue H, Li Y, Crous PW (2025). Species diversity of Cytospora associated with forest canker diseases in Xizang (Tibet), China. Persoonia 55: 361-438. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.55.10.

The family Morchellaceae contains four truffle-forming genera: Fischerula, Imaia, Kalapuya, and Leucangium. In North America, some Imaia, Kalapuya, and Leucangium species are highly regarded gourmet edible fungi. In this study, we address longstanding questions about the evolution, systematics, and trophic mode of these fungal genera. We used high-throughput sequencing and a custom genome assembly pipeline to sequence and assemble 41 new genomes of epigeous and hypogeous Morchellaceae genera and outgroup taxa from the sister family Discinaceae. Phylogenomic reconstructions based on high-quality de novo genomes and published reference genomes support a single transition from epigeous to hypogeous habit within the Morchellaceae. These results are corroborated by phylogenetic evidence from LSU, tef1, and rpb2 with a larger dataset of specimens and publicly available sequences. We also provide direct morphological and molecular evidence that one species of Leucangium from North America forms ectomycorrhizas on Pseudotsuga menziesii in a natural habitat. Stable isotope analysis further supports the hypothesis that other species of truffle-forming Morchellaceae also obtain carbon via ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. Phylogenetic and morphological analysis supports the description of two new species and one new combination of Leucangium as well as one new species and one new combination of Imaia from North America. We also discuss additional, undescribed diversity detected in our phylogenetic analyses of these genera derived from fungarium specimens, mycophagous mammal scat samples, and other environmental samples. Citation: Lemmond B, Bonito G, Healy R, Van Wyk J, Dawson HA, Noffsinger CR, Stephens R, Sow A, Trappe JM, Orihara T, Mleczko P, Kaounas V, Smith ME (2025). Phylogenomics, trophic ecology, and systematics of the truffle-forming Morchellaceae. Persoonia 55: 59-91. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.55.02.

An in-depth study of the taxonomy and phylogeny of the Stereaceae was conducted. Specimens collected from East Asia were studied by using morphological and molecular systematic methods. The phylogenetic analyses were based on a concatenated ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and the D1-D2 domains of nuc 28S rDNA (LSU) sequence data of Stereaceae by using the maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Fourteen lineages including two new genera, Confertotrama and Gelatinostereum, are recognized in the phylogenetic tree. Confertotrama, typified by Merulius rugulosus, is segregated from Gloeocystidiellum s. lat. Gelatinostereum is sister to Stereum in the tree but differs in having gelatinous basidiomes and lacking thick-walled pseudocystidia. Conferticium is shown to be restricted to include species with smooth basidiospores, while species with ornamented basidiospores are nested within the Gloeocystidiopsis lineage. The delimitation of Megalocystidium is expanded based on the phylogenetic analyses. It includes species with or without clamp connections and acanthohyphidia and with a large variety of basidium size. Neoaleurodiscus is treated as a later synonym of Aleurodiscus sensu stricto, since their type species N. fujii and A. amorphus were nested within the same lineage. With this disposal, Aleurodiscus s. str. now includes species with smooth or ornamented basidiospores. The generic name, Gloeomyces is applied for the lineage of species of Aleurodiscus s. lat. with resupinate basidiomes, well-developed acanthohyphidia and smooth basidiospores, while Acanthophysellum is regarded as a synonym of Xylobolus. Nine new species, Aleurodiscus globisporus, Conferticium subtropicum, Gelatinostereum phlebioides, Gloeocystidiopsis shenghuae, Gloeomyces subcerussatus, Megalocystidium brunneum, M. effusum, Stereum rhododendri and S. tropicum are described and illustrated from China. Twenty new combinations, Aleurodiscus fujii, Confertotrama aspella, Ca. macrospora, Ca. rugulosa, Ca. rajchenbergii, Gloeocystidiopsis ravum, Gs. tenuissimus, Gloeomyces bambusinus, G. bicornis, G. cerussatus, G. dextrinoideocerussatus, G. dextrinoideophyses, G. formosanus, G. parvisporus, G. persicus, G. thailandicus, G. thoenii, G. tropicus, Megalocystidium chinense and Xylobolus lividocoeruleus are proposed. Aleurodiscus isabellinus is treated as a synonym of Gloeomyces graminicola. Morphological differences between closely related genera are discussed, and an identification key to all 14 genera of Stereaceae is presented. Citation: Xu YL, Cao YF, Liu SL, Nakasone KK, He SH (2025). Taxonomy and phylogeny of Stereaceae (Russulales, Basidiomycota): two new genera, nine new species and twenty new combinations. Persoonia 54: 119-145. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.04.

The yeast genus Torulaspora (subphylum Saccharomycotina, family Saccharomycetaceae) is mostly known from its type species, T. delbrueckii, a frequent colonizer of wine and sourdough bread fermentations. The genus currently contains 10 species that are typically found in various natural terrestrial environments in temperate and tropical climates. Here we employ taxogenomic analyses to investigate a large collection of Torulaspora strains obtained in multiple surveys we carried out in Asia, Australasia, North America, South America, and Europe, and to which we added several strains maintained in culture collections. Our analyses detected twelve novel species that are formally described here, thereby more than doubling the species diversity of Torulaspora. We also sketch a genotype-phenotype map for the genus and show how the complex relationship between key genes and the physiological traits they control both between and within species. This remarkable increase in the number of species in the genus Torulaspora highlights how limited the current inventory of fungal taxa is. It also shows how integrated taxogenomic approaches can foster the assessment of species circumscriptions in fungi. Citation: Silva MR, Paraíso F, Al-Oboudi J, Abegg M, Aires A, Barros KO, Brito PH, Jarzyna M, Sylvester K, Langdon QK, Opulente DA, Carriconde F, Fell JW, Hofmann TA, Lachance M-A, Legras J-L, Libkind D, Pontes A, Gonçalves P, Rosa CA, Groenewald M, Hittinger CT, Sampaio JP (2025). A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora: an expansion from ten to twenty-two species. Persoonia 54: 265-283. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.08.

The Arctic and Antarctic regions are characterized by low temperatures, high solar irradiation, and successive freezing and thawing cycles. To date, 57 yeast species belonging to 24 genera have been identified as novel taxa initially isolated from Arctic and Antarctic environments. This study comprehensively explored yeast diversity in diverse habitats, including soil, freshwater, seawater, lichens, mosses, vascular plants, dung, feathers, algae, and mushrooms, in the Ny-Ålesund (Arctic) and Fildes regions (Antarctica). Over the past decade, a total of 406 samples were collected, resulting in the isolation of 2215 yeast strains. Molecular analysis revealed 2150 yeast strains across 80 known species in 36 genera. Remarkably, 65 yeast strains - 33 from Antarctica and 32 from the Arctic - were classified as novel taxa. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, we described 18 new basidiomycetous yeast species across two classes: Tremellomycetes within Agaricomycotina and Microbotryomycetes within Pucciniomycotina. Furthermore, we proposed the establishment of one new family, Pricozymaceae, and five new genera, including Pricozyma, Xiangyanghongia, Chioneozyma, Skadia, and Xuelongia. In summary, this study revealed a rich diversity of yeast species in the Arctic and Antarctica, identifying 98 species across 40 genera, 22 families, 12 orders, four classes, and two phyla, many of which were previously unknown. Novel species described include: Chioneozyma fusiformis, Chioneozyma ovata, Dioszegia frigidiaquatica, Dioszegia dongchenii, Fellozyma antarctica, Genolevuria ovata, Glaciozyma ellipsoidea, Glaciozyma elongata, Phaeotremella nansenii, Phaeotremella polaris, Pseudotremella lichenophila, Piskurozyma viscida, Pricozyma crymophila, Skadia corniformis, Skadia rubropurpurea, Xiangyanghongia terricola, Xuelongia filamentosa, and Yunzhangia cylindrica. Citation: Feng JJ, He CY, Su J, Zhu YW, Mi ZC, Yu LY, Zhang T (2025). Diversity and phylogeny of yeasts in various habitats of the Arctic and Antarctic regions, with descriptions of one new family, five new genera and eighteen new species. Persoonia 55: 93-140. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.55.03.

As part of a broader survey of lignicolous saprobic fungi, we investigated fungal taxa from the class Sordariomycetes displaying holoblastic-denticulate conidiogenesis, a distinct developmental process and phylogenetically informative trait. Although these fungi appear morphologically similar in culture, they represent distinct evolutionary lineages. This taxonomic study integrates comparative morphological analyses, phylogenetic reconstruction of five nuclear markers, and analysis of biogeographical patterns through environmental DNA data to introduce novel taxa in the Pleurotheciales and Rhamphoriales. A new genus and species Echinodenticula allantospora and three new species, Phaeoisaria parallela, Rhamphoriopsis cuprea and Rh. denticulata, are described. A rarely encountered species Rhamphoria separata is reported, along with its previously undocumented asexual morph. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrate the utility of two protein-coding genes, rpb2 and tef1, as complementary barcodes for distinguishing closely related Phaeoisaria species. Our findings highlight the significance of holoblastic-denticulate conidiogenesis as a diagnostic feature of the Rhamphoriales and a prevalent trait in the Pleurotheciales. An unknown ascomycete that produced only sterile mycelium in culture is described here as Melanocrypta curvata and placed at an incertae sedis position within the Sordariomycetes. Additionally, we present short-read whole-genome sequencing data for the ex-type strains of the newly described species, providing a valuable genomic resource for future taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional studies. Environmental DNA data from the GlobalFungi database bring new perspective into the biogeographical patterns of Phaeoisaria, Rhamphoria, and Rhamphoriopsis. The distribution of E. allantospora and M. curvata remains poorly understood, as no records for these species were found in GlobalFungi. This study provides new insights into the molecular systematics, taxonomy, and biogeography of the Rhamphoriales and Pleurotheciales, and highlights the role of environmental DNA metabarcoding in uncovering fungal diversity and distribution patterns. Citation: Réblová M, Nekvindová J, Hernández-Restrepo M, Hradilová M, Kolařík M (2025). Phylogeny, taxonomy and geographic distribution of novel and known fungi with holoblastic-denticulate conidiogenesis in Rhamphoriales and Pleurotheciales (Sordariomycetes). Persoonia 55: 277-311. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.55.08.

Clear distinction of the species of Hericium will aid in natural products discovery, medicinal applications, and breeding for commercial cultivation of these edible and medicinally valuable mushrooms. A phylogeny of Hericium species from North America, together with key taxa from Europe, was accomplished using sequence data from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and adjacent large ribosomal subunit (LSU), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF-1α), and RNA polymerase second largest subunit (RPB2) gene sequences. Compared to previous unresolved phylogenies based solely on ITS data, the species of Hericium were resolved as monophyletic groups, including the type species H. coralloides (synonyms H. flagellum and H. ramosum; Europe and North America), H. alpestre (Europe to central Asia), H. americanum (eastern North America), H. abietis (western North America), H. cirrhatum (Europe and boreal-montane North America), H. erinaceus (Europe), two recently described species of the H. erinaceus species complex, H. asiaticum (Eastern Asia) and H. carolinense (eastern United States), and a third new species in this complex from western North America, H. oregonense, described herein. All taxa, including the newly described species within the H. erinaceus complex, were strongly supported in maximum likelihood analyses. Citation: Koga J, Thorn RG, Langer E (2025). A multilocus phylogeny of Hericium (Hericiaceae, Russulales). Persoonia 55: 141-157. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.55.04.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Argentina, Septoria reinamora on leaf spots of Mutisia spinosa. Australia, Cortinarius albofolliculus on mossy soil, Cortinarius descensoriformis among leaf litter, Cortinarius kaki among leaf litter, Cortinarius lissosporus in leaf litter, Cortinarius malogranatus in leaf litter, Cortinarius meletlac on soil in mixed forest, Cortinarius sebosioides in long decayed wood litter, Helicogermslita australiensis as an endophyte from healthy leaves of Archontophoenix cunninghamiana, Puccinia clemensiorum on culms of Eleocharis ochrostachys, Puccinia geethae on leaves of Cyperus brevifolius, Puccinia marjaniae on leaves of Nymphoides indica, Puccinia scleriae-rugosae on leaves of Scleria rugosa. Brazil, Dactylaria calliandrae on living leaf of Calliandra tweediei, Mucor cerradoensis from soil, Musicillium palmae on living leaves of unidentified palm species, Neodendryphiella agapanthi from stalks of Agapanthus praecox, Parafusicladium riodejaneiroanum on living leaves of native bamboo, Parapenidiella melastomatis on living leaves of unidentified Melastomataceae, Pararamichloridium ouropretoense on living leaves of unidentified Poaceae, Pentagonomyces endophyticus (incl. Pentagonomyces gen. nov.) as endophytic from roots of Musa acuminata, Polyschema endophytica from healthy roots of coffee plant, Purimyces endophyticus as root endophyte of Cattleya locatellii, Ramularia rhododendri on living leaves of Rhododendron sp., Staphylotrichum soli from soil, Trichoderma sexdentis from leaves inside a nest of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa, Wiesneriomyces soli from soil. France, Cosmospora nemaniae on dead or effete stromata of Nemania cf. colliculosa, Inocybe alnobetulae in subalpine green alder stands, Stylonectria hygrophila on dead twigs of Betula pubescens. Germany, Coniochaeta corticalis from bark humus, Coniochaeta fermentaria from fermentation residues from biogas plants, Coniochaeta fibricola from softwood fibres, Coniochaeta weberae from bark humus, Inocybe canicularis on calcareous to more acidic soil with conifers. Iceland, Inocybe islandica associated with Dryas octopetala. India, Vishniacozyma indica on dead twigs. Iran, Botryotrichum lycii on rotten leaf of Lycium depressum. Italy, Cuphophyllus dolomiticus among Salix retusa, Salix reticulata and Dryas octopetala, Inocybe subentolomospora on moss with the presence of Alnus incana, Populus nigra and Salix spp. Malaysia, Catenulostroma pellitae on leaf spots of Eucalyptus pellita. Mexico, Colletotrichum mexicanus from fruit of Persea americana cv. Hass. New Caledonia (France), Cortinarius caeloculus, Cortinarius luteigemellus and Cortinarius perpensus on soil under Nothofagus aequilateralis. New Zealand, Cytospora braithwaitei on branch of Malus domestica. Pakistan, Callistosporium khalidii on humus soil, Entoloma lilacinum on litter in conifer forest, Laccaria decolorans on litter in broad-leaved subtropical forest. Poland, Pseudoneoconiothyrium modrzynanum from resin of Larix decidua ssp. polonica, Tuberculiforma enigmatica isolated from sooty mould community on Quercus robur leaves. Portugal, Clavulus hemisphaericus (incl. Clavulus gen. nov.) on mossy slopes and under Laurus leaf litter, Entoloma daegae on sandy, granitic soil, Hygrocybe aurantiocitrina under laurel forest, Hygrocybe sanguineolutea gregarious in laurel forest, Hygrocybe vulcanica on mossy areas of laurel forest areas, Pachyphlodes algarvensis on sandy soil under Cistus salvifolius, Quercus suber and Pinus pinea. South Africa, Amycosphaerella podalyriae on leaf of Podalyria calyptrata, Erythrobasidium eucalypti from the gut of Gonipterus sp., Letendraea goniomae on leaves of Gonioma kamassi, Pezicula brabeji and Sphaerulina brabeji on twigs of Brabejum stellatifolium, Stachybotrys conicosiae on dead flower head of Conicosia elongata, Talaromyces ignescens from soil. Spain, Cortinarius phaeobrunneus on soil under Quercus ilex and Q. faginea, Inocybe pini-halepensis among grass and fallen leaves of Pinus halepensis, Inocybe subporcorum in sandy soils under Quercus ilex subsp. ballota and Pinus pinaster, Mycena morenoi on dead leaves of Betula pubescens and Salix atrocinerea, Pachyphlodes iberica on clayey and loamy soil under Quercus ilex and Quercus rotundifolia, Ramariopsis coronata in laurel forest. Switzerland, Inocybe minata in a bog on very wet acidic soil with Salix spp. and Betula spp. Thailand, Hypocrella khonsanitii on scale insects (Coccidae), Petchiella hymenopterorum on hymenopteran pupae in the nest (Hymenoptera). Trinidad and Tobago, Neodevriesia maravalensis from office swab. Türkiye, Russula anatolica under Quercus vulcanica. UK, Paracylindrosporium dactylorhizae (incl. Paracylindrosporium gen. nov.) on leaf spots of Dactylorhiza sp., Niesslia hepworthiae and Niesslia libertiae on living leaves of Libertia grandiflora. Ukraine, Lichenohendersonia cetrariae on thallus of terricolous Cetraria aculeata. USA, Atromagnispora indianensis (incl. Atromagnispora gen. nov.) on submerged wood in a freshwater stream, Cytospora michiganensis from utility room (settle plate), Exophiala aeris from air (settle plate), Hongoboletus americanus from mixed pine-hardwood forest, Lorrainsmithia pennsylvanica from bedroom, air, Superstratomyces massachusettsanus from lyse buffer. Vietnam, Aspergillus halopiscium on dry marine anchovy Stolephorus commersonnii. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes. Citation: Crous PW, Catcheside DEA, Catcheside PS, Alfenas AC, Alfenas RF, Barreto RW, Lebel T, Balashov S, Broadbridge J, Jurjević Ž, De la Peña-Lastra S, Hoffmann R, Mateos A, Riebesehl J, Shivas RG, Soliz Santander FF, Tan YP, Altés A, Bandini D, Carriconde F, Cazabonne J, Czachura P, Gryta H, Eyssartier G, Larsson E, Pereira OL, Rigueiro-Rodríguez A, Wingfield MJ, Ahmad W, Bibi S, Denman S, Esteve-Raventós F, Hussain S, Illescas T, Luangsa-ard JJ, Möller L, Mombert A, Noisripoom W, Olariaga I, Pancorbo F, Paz A, Piątek M, Polman-Short C, Suárez E, Afshan NS, Ali H, Arzanlou M, Ayer F, Barratt J, Bellanger J-M, Bidaud A, Bishop-Hurley SL, Bohm M, Bose T, Campo E, Chau NB, Çolak ÖF, Cordeiro TRL, Cruz MO, Custódio FA, Couceiro A, Darmostuk V, Dearnaley JDW, de Azevedo Santiago ALCM, de Freitas LWS, de J Yáñez-Morales M, Domnauer C, Dentinger B, Dhileepan K, De Souza JT, Dovana F, Eberhardt U, Eisvand P, Erhard A, Fachada V, García-Martín A, Groenewald M, Hammerbacher A, Harms K, Haroon S, Haqnawaz M, Henriques S, Hernández AJ, Jacobus LM, Jaen-Contreras D, Jangsantear P, Kaygusuz O, Knoppersen R, Kumar TKA, Lynch MJ, Mahiques R, Maraia GL, Marbach PAS, Mehrabi-Koushki M, Miller PR, Mongkolsamrit S, Moreau P-A, Oberlies NH, Oliveira JA, Orlovich D, Pérez-Méndez AS, Pinto A, Raja HA, Ramírez GH, Raphael B, Rodrigues A, Rodrigues H, Ramos DO, Safi A, Sarwar S, Saar I, Sánchez RM, Santana JS, Scrace J, Sales LS, Silva LNP, Stryjak-Bogacka M, Tacconi A, Thanh VN, Thomas A, Thuy NT, Toome M, Valdez-Carrazco JM, van Vuuren NI, Vasey J, Vauras J, Vila-Viçosa C, Villarreal M, Visagie CM, Vizzini A, Whiteside EJ, Groenewald JZ. (2025). Fungal Planet description sheets: 1781-1866. Persoonia 54: 327-587. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.10.

Phylloporia (Hymenochaetaceae) is becoming a very large and complex genus and the species definition is becoming a challenge, as for many other groups of Hymenochaetaceae. Phylloporia comprises 79 species up to date. However, this number is probably still largely underestimated. A comprehensive, multigene phylogeny of Phylloporia (Hymenochaetaceae, Basidiomycota), inferred from the large subunit nuclear ribosomal region (LSU), portions of the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF-1α), and second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) genes is presented and discussed. The multigene phylogeny reveals several undescribed paleotropical or neotropical phylogenetic species. On this basis, complemented by both morphological and ecological data, six new species from tropical Africa are described: P. afropectinata, P. cinnamomea, P. memecyli, P. miomboensis, P. pseudoweberiana, and P. warneckeicola. A new combination, P. microspora (basionym Inonotus microsporus), is also proposed. A synthesis of the taxonomic and ecological knowledge of Phylloporia in tropical Africa is presented, with an identification key for the African species known to date. Although the multigene phylogenetic inferences do not resolve the backbone structure within Phylloporia, it reveals two main lineages, a basal A and a core B lineage. The basal lineage contains six species whereas the core lineage comprises most of the described species and a number of unnamed taxa. The multigene phylogenetic inferences also resolved several well-supported, multiple species lineages within the core lineage. These lineages are predominantly biogeographically structured with a dichotomy Neotropics vs Paleotropics. They are discussed in relation to the morpho-ecological types. Citation: Jerusalem M, Amalfi M, Yombiyeni P, Castillo G, Decock C (2025). A comprehensive multigene phylogeny of Phylloporia (Hymenochaetaceae, Basidiomycota), with an emphasis on tropical African species. Persoonia 54: 1-46. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.54.01.

During surveys for fungal natural enemies of Hemileia vastatrix - the causal agent of coffee leaf rust (CLR) - in its African centre of origin (Cameroon, Ethiopia), as well as in its exotic South American range (Brazil, Paraguay), an eclectic and species-rich mycobiota was encountered. Here, we provide a comprehensive report on an assemblage of "white colony-forming fungi" (WCF), often treated in the earlier literature under the inadequate "label" Verticillium lecanii (=Lecanicillium lecanii). A total of 265 isolates of WCF were provisionally placed in this arbitrary group. We clarified the identity of our assemblage of Lecanicillium-like fungi using a combination of morphological characteristics and sequence data for the large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (LSU), translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF) and the largest subunits of RNA polymerase II (RPB1 and RPB2) regions. Fifteen WCF species belonging to eight genera across three hypocrealean families (Bionectriaceae, Clavicipitaceae and Cordycipitaceae) were found parasitizing pustules of CLR. Significantly, Lecanicillium lecanii was not found to be present amongst these taxa. Six species belonged to the known genera - Corniculantispora, Gamszarella, Lecanicillium, Ovicillium, Pleurodesmospora and Simplicillium. Two new genera are described, Bettiolomyces and Hemileiophthora, as well as seven new species, Bettiolomyces urediniophagus, Gamszarella uredinophila, Hemileiophthora denticulata, H. nodosa, Lecanicillium hemileiae, Pleurodesmospora hemileiae and Simplicillium hemileiae. The following known WCF species are recorded here for the first time on pustules of H. vastatrix: Corniculantispora dimorpha, Gamszarella buffelskloofina, Lecanicillium uredinophilum, Ovicillium attenuatum, Pleurodesmospora coccorum and Simplicillium subtropicum. Additionally, the new combination Bettiolomyces epiphytus is introduced for Verticillium epiphytum. Citation: Colmán AA, Araújo JPM, Evans HC, Correa Mansur PS, Salcedo-Sarmiento S, Silva AL, Kapeua-Ndacnou M, Belachew-Bekele BK, Pereira CM, Crous PW, Barreto RW (2025). Hidden diversity behind the Lecanicillium-like white colony-forming mycoparasites on Hemileia vastatrix (coffee leaf rust). Persoonia 55: 239-275. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.55.07.