搜索结果：Outcry

» The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was created in the wake of public outcry generated by Upton Sinclair's The Jungle. The FDA gained further regulatory authority following successive public health setbacks in the 20th century. » A full review for a new device is referred to as a premarket approval (PMA), while an application for a device based on a predicate is referred to as a premarket notification (PMN) better known as a 510k. » Both for PMNs and PMAs the costs and timelines typically far exceed the statutory limits imposed by congress, running into years of review and many millions of dollars. » Real-world data (RWD) can now be used to generate evidence for use in regulatory applications; this change will hopefully reduce the cost and time-to-market for new medical devices. » RWD has significant limitations such as bias, confounding, missing data, and privacy concerns that will require the FDA to take a fit-to-purpose approach for applications using RWD.

Global health funding by the United States government declined precipitously in 2025, triggering a cascade of international disinvestment in women's health in low and middle-income countries, followed by a new era of 'America First' aid policy. Successive budget cuts by other high-income countries compounded the effects of these abrupt policy and geopolitical changes on women's health, safety, and access to life saving and health assuring prevention, care and treatment, worldwide. Abandonment of active programmes and research studies disproportionately harms women by disrupting employment, reversing progress in education, eroding essential services and undermining community partnerships. The global health funding crisis weakens systems and diminishes capacity, impacting women's physical and mental health, economic survival, and equity of opportunity across the life-course. New proposals to tie aid funding to data sharing have disproportionate impacts on women, while continued hostility to gender diversity places non-binary and transgender people at increased risk of further marginalisation. The current moment of crisis also illuminates profound limitations of the international systems which previously governed global health, indicating opportunities for transformation. In this Essay, we outline the foreseeable, intergenerational harms of defunding initiatives which promote and enhance the health and safety of women everywhere or tie their funding to agendas which would erode women's reproductive autonomy. Amid deliberate efforts to disorientate opposition through simultaneous and sequential upheavals and concerted censorship of academic freedom, we call for concerted outcry, organised resistance, and synchronous action to safeguard women's health and rights before more damage is done.

When South African obstetricians, majority care providers for pregnant and birthing persons in the private-sector experienced exponential increases in medical indemnity insurance premiums, predictions were made that medico-legal risk would bring about their demise by 2020. I coin the terms 'obstetric demise' and 'obstetric resilience' to highlight how the outcry confirms an obstetric malpractice litigation moral panic. In contrast, the corresponding dissolution of independent midwifery - at the exact date predicted for an obstetric demise - went relatively unnoticed. How did private-sector 'obstetric resilience' ensue despite its predicted demise, and how did midwives become 'folk devils' in an obstetric malpractice litigation moral panic? Data comes from in-depth, longitudinal interviews with seven obstetricians, a narrative interview with leading medical litigation lawyer, and participant observation across multiple sites over two-and-a-half years of fieldwork between 2017 and 2019. I highlight the relational processes symbolised in tussles over hegemony in risk societies, wherein even elite professionals are objects of moral scrutiny and surveillance. The construction of a narrative of 'obstetric demise', part of a discursive strategy by moral entrepreneurs, amplified private-sector obstetric concerns, enabling individual and collective defensive practices that are negatively correlated with a denial of human rights in childbirth. A moral panic discourse upheld and stabilised unequal birthing relations. Emerging from the mutual entanglement of structures and agents in the healthcare system, the patient, who should be at the centre of care, ended up worst-off. The medico-legal litigation 'crisis' construction process led by the Department of Health was strengthened by a private-sector, obstetric malpractice moral panic. In a vicious cycle inherent to medico-legal litigation, the cost and quality of healthcare provision has been significantly affected, ironically undermining the very propositions for universal healthcare that promoted a moral panic in the first place.

Timmy, a humpback stranded in Germany 6 weeks ago, was freed after a media outcry. But the whale was in poor health and may already be dead.

The Simele massacre of 1933 in Iraq, in which over 600 Assyrian Christians lost their lives, is an important part of Assyrian national history and is one of the few well-known events in twentieth-century Iraqi history where Christians are involved. While there was a general outcry in Western Europe and the United States against the Iraqi government following the massacre, the American missionaries present locally of the United Mission in Mesopotamia/Iraq did not support the Assyrians following the massacre despite the generally humanitarian approach of their mission and their support for the Assyrian cause in the early years after the First World War. In this article, I argue that apparent apathy from the side of the missionaries was largely the result of a radical change in thinking about missionary involvement in political debates concerning the future of non-Muslim minorities in the Middle East.

In mid-1960s Montréal, a team of psychiatrists affiliated with the city's Jewish General Hospital identified a disturbing trend in their family therapy practice. The children of concentration camp survivors exhibited forms of severe maladjustment and psychopathology despite their parents' seeming good mental health. These clinical cases examined through a cybernetic-informed family therapy suggested to the psychiatrists that certain forms of trauma could be transmitted across the generations to those who had not experienced the camps firsthand. When daily newspapers publicized this theory in 1968, it met with organized opposition from Montréal's community of Holocaust survivors. The public outcry led the main researcher Vivian Rakoff to drop this line of inquiry. The concept of intergenerational trauma only started gaining traction a decade later in the United States through a network of support groups established in major urban centers by the now grown children of the camp survivors. Following the activism of Vietnam veterans, feminists, and their allies in the helping professions, trauma had acquired new cultural legitimacy in 1970s. It could describe social harms while downplaying the sufferer's personal culpability for their maladjustments. Leaders of these new support groups rejected the Montréal psychiatrists' clinical diagnosis while creating horizontally organized therapeutic spaces to talk about this shared trauma in ways that promoted forms of self-discovery and expression. The Montréal psychiatrists both did and did not discover in the 1960s what became known as intergenerational trauma. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Despite the increasing number of species assessed for extinction risk by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) (163,040 species as of 2024), only about 1 in 1,000 have been downlisted due to genuine population improvement. Although this rare conservation achievement has been widely celebrated in several recent cases, some other downlisting decisions have met with controversy. A primary role of the IUCN is to assess extinction risk. In this role, it must maintain its independence and not be influenced by the public outcry that may occur when a high-profile species is downlisted, even if well-established conservation programs may be disrupted or abandoned as a result. We explored the potential positive and negative consequences of downlisting for conservation efforts through case studies of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis), saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica), and black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor), which has recently been proposed for downlisting. Although downlisting can enable more effective use of limited resources, these cases highlight potential risks, including weakened legal backing, diversion of resources away from the species, and declining public and political support. The relatively unquestioned downlisting of the saiga antelope illustrates how early and inclusive engagement of local experts, assessors, donors, and other stakeholders can help ensure that decisions are effectively communicated and implemented without jeopardizing species recovery. The IUCN Green Status of Species assessment is a complementary tool to the IUCN Red List and offers a useful measure of conservation progress, which can help decision makers ensure that downlisting does not undermine long-term conservation efforts. Recuperación y cambios de categoría de las especies evaluadas por la UICN Resumen A pesar del creciente número de especies evaluadas en riesgo de extinción por la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN) (163, 040 especies en 2024), sólo 1 de cada 1,000 ha sido retirada de la lista debido a una auténtica mejora de la población. Si bien este raro logro de la conservación ha sido ampliamente celebrado en varios casos recientes, otras decisiones de transferencia a un apéndice de protección menor han causado controversia. Una de las principales funciones de la UICN es evaluar el riesgo de extinción. En este papel, debe mantener su independencia y no dejarse influir por las protestas públicas que pueden producirse cuando se baja de la lista a una especie de gran notoriedad, aunque como consecuencia de ello puedan interrumpirse o abandonarse programas de conservación bien establecidos. Exploramos las posibles consecuencias positivas y negativas del cambio de categoría para los esfuerzos de conservación mediante estudios de casos del panda gigante (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), la grulla coronirroja (Grus japonensis), el antílope saiga (Saiga tatarica) y la espátula menor (Platalea minor), cuyo cambio de categoría se ha propuesto recientemente. Aunque el cambio de categoría puede permitir un uso más eficaz de unos recursos limitados, estos casos resaltan los riesgos potenciales, como el debilitamiento del respaldo jurídico, el desvío de recursos de la especie y la disminución del apoyo público y político. El cambio relativamente incuestionado del antílope saiga ilustra cómo la participación temprana e inclusiva de expertos locales, evaluadores, donantes y otras partes interesadas puede ayudar a garantizar que las decisiones se comuniquen y apliquen eficazmente sin poner en peligro la recuperación de las especies. La evaluación del Estado Verde de las Especies de la UICN es una herramienta complementaria de la Lista Roja de la UICN y ofrece una medida útil del progreso de la conservación, que puede ayudar a los responsables de la toma de decisiones a garantizar que la transferencia a un apéndice de protección menor no socave los esfuerzos de conservación a largo plazo. 截至2024年, 受國際自然保育聯盟(IUCN)評估的物種已達163,040種, 但由於族群量上升而獲得降級的僅約千分之一。這類罕見的保育成就近年來屢獲肯定, 然而部分降級決策仍引發爭議。IUCN的核心職責是客觀地評估物種滅絕風險, 即使降級可能導致既有保育計畫受阻或終止, 仍必須維持其獨立性, 不受公眾輿論左右。本研究以大熊貓(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)、丹頂鶴(Grus japonensis)、高鼻羚羊(Saiga tatarica)與近期被提議降級的黑面琵鷺(Platalea minor)為例, 探討降級對物種保育可能帶來的影響。這些案例顯示, 降級雖有助於資源的有效分配, 卻也可能引發法規保障弱化、資源轉移, 以及公眾與政策支持減少等風險。高鼻羚羊的降級獲得相對廣泛的支持, 顯示在評估過程中及早且廣泛地納入當地專家、評估人員、資助者與其他利害關係人, 有助於促進溝通與決策的順利推動, 進而降低降級對物種後續復原的影響。此外, IUCN的物種綠色狀態評估(Green Status of Species)作為紅皮書的補充工具, 提供了衡量保育進程的新指標, 有助於決策者確保降級不會削弱長期保育工作的成效。.

Currently, individuals with federally-funded health insurance who desire sterilization are required to sign the Consent for Sterilization form (Title XIX form) at least 30 days before the date of the procedure. The form remains valid for 180 days with the only exceptions being cases in which emergency abdominal surgery or premature delivery is warranted. These tenets were constructed in response to public outcry over sterilization abuses that had occurred during the early 20th century. Although the intention of the Medicaid sterilization consent process lay in protecting the reproductive rights of individuals and preventing forced or coerced sterilization, the restrictions associated with the consent for sterilization currently serve as a barrier to access to care. This commentary is a call to modify the Medicaid sterilization consent form.

When Canadian broadcaster, Lisa LaFlamme, announced in August 2022 that CTV National News did not renew her contract, some observers suggested that the corporation's decision resulted from LaFlamme's choice to "let her hair go gray" during the pandemic. An international public outcry ensued on Twitter. Our study involved an examination of these tweets (n = 440). Analyses revealed that approximately 80 percent of tweets indicated opposition to LaFlamme's dismissal, while only 2 percent indicated support and 18 percent indicated a neutral position. Among tweets expressing opposition, the most common justification, found in 79 percent of these tweets, centered on assessments of the employer's decision as poor. The frequency of all other justifications for opposition was considerably lower, with only 26 percent of these tweets mentioning ageism, 22 percent mentioning sexism, and 20 percent mentioning a general sense of unfairness to LaFlamme. These findings suggest the salience of capitalist logics in shaping how the public frames gendered ageism in the workplace. Our analyses also suggest a view of responses to this inequality as personal bodywork choices. Together, these framings reflect a more individual- than structural-level critique of gendered ageism, knowledge of which can inform efforts to dismantle it.

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated long-standing disparities that many people in the United States experience due to their race and ethnicity and socioeconomic status. An outcry from several relevant stakeholders ignited a federal response from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), who, among other entities, decided to address low health literacy (HL) in underserved communities. Evidence suggests that HL impacts under-resourced communities' understanding of health issues and whether they adhere to health guidelines. This article aims to provide an ecological analysis of HL best practices, highlighting their role in community health during public health crises. Although a vast amount of literature applies Ecological Systems Theory (EST) to understanding and addressing a range of issues impacting the health of communities, scarce literature applies EST to understanding HL interventions. We discuss implications for public health efforts, concluding that Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory is effective for grounding the development and implementation of best practices for promoting HL interventions. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2025;9(1):e29-e36.]. Plain Language Summary The Ecological Systems Theory (EST) provides a framework for understanding health literacy at different levels of impact on an individual. This perspective is ideal for advancing health literacy in communities disproportionately affected by social determinants of health. We postulate that efforts to advance health literacy grounded in the EST framework are more likely to promote a health-literate society and contribute to reducing health disparities.