Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a process characterized by thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and end-organ injury. Malignancy-associated TMA is uncommon and may resemble primary TMA syndromes, particularly when renal dysfunction predominates and peripheral smear findings are limited. We present a case of biopsy-confirmed renal TMA in the setting of newly diagnosed metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) following significant diagnostic uncertainty. A 59-year-old man with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus presented with worsening headache, neck pain, dysphagia, shortness of breath, poor oral intake, and significant weight loss. Initial evaluation demonstrated acute hypoxic respiratory failure, progressive renal failure, thrombocytopenia, and a newly identified right-sided neck mass. Laboratory studies showed anemia, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, low haptoglobin, and reticulocytosis, raising concern for TMA. Peripheral smear showed few schistocytes, while ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif member 13) activity was reduced but not severely deficient. Autoimmune and complement studies were unrevealing. Renal function progressively worsened, requiring initiation of hemodialysis. Renal biopsy demonstrated acute and chronic TMA with chronic vascular changes. Additional otolaryngologic evaluation confirmed invasive, moderately differentiated nonkeratinizing SCC of the uvula with metastatic cervical disease. Given the biopsy findings, lack of severe ADAMTS13 deficiency, unrevealing autoimmune workup, and overall clinical course, malignancy-associated TMA was favored over primary thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and other secondary causes. Renal TMA in patients with newly diagnosed malignancy may present with a broad and overlapping differential diagnosis. In this case, renal biopsy clarified this mechanism, as the limited peripheral smear findings and multiple overlapping causes of secondary TMA had posed significant diagnostic challenges.
Open-door laminoplasty is an established posterior decompression technique for multilevel cervical myelopathy. However, the procedure is technically demanding and may result in complications such as hinge fracture, facet joint violation, and improper gutter placement. The authors present an operative video demonstrating O-arm-based intraoperative navigation during open-door laminoplasty in a 75-year-old man with multilevel ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) and severe cervical canal stenosis. Navigation allowed precise localization of the medial facet, controlled hinge preparation, and accurate screw placement. Postoperative CT confirmed adequate decompression without complications, suggesting that navigation may enhance the safety and precision of laminoplasty. The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2026.4.FOCVID2630.
Neural oscillatory activity within the alpha and theta bands have long been considered putative markers of state mindfulness, yet understanding of their functional role has been limited by the challenges of linking objective brain indices with subjective experience. To address this gap, the current study applied longitudinal network analysis to a unique dataset from 16 novices who completed up to 24 laboratory training sessions of both focused attention (FA) and open monitoring (OM) meditation, during which both EEG and self-report measures of state mindfulness quality were collected. This approach enabled the parsimonious characterization of both cross-lagged temporal (across-session) and contemporaneous (within-session) influences of regional spectral power on state mindfulness. The analysis revealed distinguishable neurophenomenological network structures for each practice, providing data-driven support for their theoretical differentiation. These distinctions emerged alongside shared commonalities to both practices, including strong autoregressive effects for state mindfulness, consistent with training-related skill acquisition, and opposing regional influences of frontal versus posterior alpha power. Taken together, these findings challenge monolithic interpretations of meditation-related EEG activity, advancing a more nuanced neurophenomenological approach wherein the functional significance of neural activity is dynamically situated within the specific type and time course of training. Mindfulness training is increasingly incorporated into science, medicine, and education, yet the neural mechanisms linking subjective mindfulness experience with brain activity remain poorly understood. Using an intensive longitudinal EEG design and network modeling, this study demonstrates the neural dynamics that differentiate focused attention and open monitoring, two foundational mindfulness meditation practices. The findings highlight how dense-sampling and network analytic approaches can capture evolving brain–mind relationships over time, advancing understanding of neurocognitive plasticity within the context of contemplative mental training.
We present the case of a 58-year-old woman who sustained an open avulsion of the Achilles tendon with an unusual posterior extrusion through the popliteal fossa following a run-over trauma, remarkably without associated bony injury or major arterial damage. Surgical exploration revealed a complete tendon avulsion accompanied by a small venous laceration, which was successfully repaired. The tendon was anatomically reinserted into the calcaneus using suture anchors after subcutaneous tunneling along the posterior leg. The popliteal and distal wounds were closed primarily; the posterior wound through which the tendon had extruded subsequently developed necrosis and required delayed skin grafting for definitive coverage, which healed uneventfully. At two years, the wounds were fully healed, and radiographs confirmed a maintained reinsertion without degenerative change, although residual plantarflexion weakness persisted. Functional outcomes were documented with validated and objective measures: Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS) 72/100 and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot score 77/100 (fair), with six single-leg heel raises on the injured side versus 16 contralaterally. The absence of pre-injury baseline outcome scores is acknowledged as a limitation. To our knowledge, this injury pattern has not previously been reported, and the case underscores the importance of early, multidisciplinary management in rare and complex soft-tissue trauma.
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Rothia mucilaginosa is an uncommon but increasingly recognized opportunistic pathogen capable of causing invasive infection, particularly in patients with prosthetic material and immunocompromised states. Rarely, severe systemic infections may present with thrombotic microangiopathy-like syndromes mimicking thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), creating significant diagnostic uncertainty. We present a case of fulminant Rothia mucilaginosa prosthetic valve infective endocarditis initially presenting as a TTP/disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) mimic in a 60-year-old man with severe thrombocytopenia, schistocytosis, hemolytic anemia, encephalopathy, and intracranial hemorrhage. Due to concern for evolving TTP, emergent plasmapheresis and corticosteroids were initiated prior to identification of the underlying infectious process. Blood cultures subsequently grew Rothia mucilaginosa, and transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated prosthetic valve endocarditis. The patient's course was complicated by progressive bilateral intracranial hemorrhage, septic emboli, and catastrophic neurologic deterioration despite aggressive multidisciplinary management. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of distinguishing primary TTP from infection-associated thrombotic microangiopathy and emphasizes the importance of maintaining a broad differential diagnosis in patients presenting with thrombocytopenia, schistocytosis, neurologic dysfunction, and sepsis physiology, particularly in the setting of prosthetic cardiac valves.
Sleep disturbances are common in people with diabetes, yet their relationship to automated insulin delivery (AID) use has not been well described in large, real-world cohorts. We assessed subjective sleep quality, fear of hypoglycemia, and their associations with glycemic outcomes among adults with diabetes using open-source and commercial AID compared with non-users. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 529 adults from the OPEN Project (2020-2023). Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-II (HFS-II) short form. All participants self-reported glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels; a subsample of 60 AID users contributed ≥25 days of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data. Free-text responses to PSQI item 5j were thematically coded. AID users reported better sleep (median 5 [IQR 3-7] vs. 7 [IQR 5-9], p < .001) and lower fear of hypoglycemia (median 7 [IQR 3-11] vs. 13 [IQR 8-19], p < .001) than non-users. Nevertheless, 43% of AID users and 69% of non-users exceeded poor sleep thresholds. Women reported worse PSQI and HFS-II scores than men (both p < .001). Diabetes-related causes of sleep disruption were more common among non-users (p < .05). PSQI and HFS-II scores correlated with HbA1c in the subsample, but associations with CGM metrics were not significant. Adults using AID systems reported better sleep quality and lower fear of hypoglycemia than those managing diabetes without automation, yet a large proportion of all participants continued to experience poor sleep. Diabetes-related nocturnal disruptions remained common among non-users, suggesting that AID may alleviate-but not eliminate-the nighttime diabetes burden.
Neck aging manifests as blunting of the cervicomental angle (CMA), loss of jawline definition, vertical platysmal banding, submental fat accumulation, and redundant skin. While open neck rejuvenation techniques produce dramatic and durable results, they require extensive dissection, which can have prolonged recovery times. Today, many patients are seeking less invasive options with faster recovery times and optimal results. Previous attempts in our field to conduct a minimally invasive neck lift may lack sufficient deep anchoring to provide long-term support, particularly in the submandibular region. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to introduce the minimally invasive mastoid sling (MIMS) neck lift technique, a minimally invasive neck lift technique that combined liposuction, thermal energy, and permanent suture suspension for improved neck aesthetics. All patients who underwent the MIMS neck lift at a single surgical center (2020-2024) were included. The procedure was conducted under tumescent local anesthesia in a QUAD-A surgical facility accredited by the American Association for Accreditation of Ambulatory Surgery Facilities (AAAA SF). Demographics, operative variables, and postoperative outcomes were collected. Descriptive analysis was completed. A total of 73 patients were included, of which 67 (91.7%) were female. The mean age was 48.7 years (range: 22-82) and the mean BMI was 25.44 kg/m2 (range: 19-38). The overall complication rate was 5.4% (n = 4), with seroma occurring in 3 patients (4.1%) and neuropraxia in 1 patient (1.4%). There were no long-term sequelae, and no revision surgeries were performed within a year. Although open platysmaplasty remains the definitive treatment for neck aesthetics, the trifecta of liposuction, thermal energy, and permanent suture suspension anchored on the mastoid sling provides an effective, minimally invasive alternative with a low complication profile. For image description, please refer to the figure legend and surrounding text.
Malignant infantile osteopetrosis (MIOP) is a rare life-threatening autosomal recessive disorder characterized by defective osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, most commonly caused by pathogenic variants in the TCIRG1 gene. Without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the disease is associated with severe morbidity and early mortality. We report a 15-month-old Moroccan girl born to first-cousin consanguineous parents who initially presented during infancy with failure to thrive, persistent bicytopenia, developmental delay, axial hypotonia, divergent strabismus with nystagmus, and facial dysmorphism. Skeletal radiographs demonstrated diffuse osteosclerosis, obliteration of medullary cavities, and characteristic Erlenmeyer flask deformities, strongly suggestive of MIOP. Whole-exome sequencing identified a novel homozygous pathogenic variant in T-cell immune regulator 1 (TCIRG1) (NM_006019.4:c.1897C>T; p.Gln633Ter). The variant is absent from the gnomAD database and was classified as pathogenic according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) criteria. To the best of our knowledge, this variant has not previously been reported in affected individuals. The patient is currently undergoing evaluation for HSCT. This case expands the mutational spectrum of TCIRG1-associated MIOP and highlights the importance of early genomic testing in infants from consanguineous families presenting with unexplained cytopenias, growth failure, and characteristic skeletal abnormalities.
Brain connectivity data are high-dimensional and are often modeled as graphs comprising in the order of ∼102-104 nodes connected by around 103-106 edges. Generating useful visualizations is essential for reducing and understanding such complexity. Indeed, this complexity offers a particular challenge for transparent science, since investigators must often choose a specific snapshot of a visualization for publication that often overlooks much of the rich detail present in the data. A further challenge for neuroscience is that brains are physical systems, and it is often important to consider how topological properties of the connectome, which can be visualized within arbitrarily abstract spaces, relate to their physical embedding. Most available tools offer visualizations for physically or topologically embedded representations without a clear mapping between the two. Here, we introduce NeuroMArVL, a novel, open-source, web-based brain connectome visualization tool that offers numerous features for moving seamlessly between, and interacting with, different physical and topological representations of connectome data. Critically, visualization data and parameters can be saved locally or on the web server as shareable links, facilitating reuse, collaboration, and open, transparent reporting of results in publications. The software can be freely accessed at https://immersive.erc.monash.edu/neuromarvl/.
A diverse range of triarylmethyl radicals bearing the 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole (DHPP) scaffold and its π-expanded analogs was prepared for the first time, including a structurally unique architecture in which an electron-donating moiety and the radical center are in close through-space proximity. For the first time, triarylmethyl radicals were prepared via electrochemical oxidation. Compared with classical oxidation, the yields were higher. Moreover, a methodology transforming 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole into corresponding radicals via Buchwald-Hartwig amination was developed. This method provides easy access to N-linked triarylmethyl radicals via a convergent protocol with complete preservation of open-shell character. Linking the tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl radical with various electron-donating scaffolds bearing a DHPP core revealed that the stronger the electron donor, the weaker and more bathochromically shifted was the CT band. Luminescence of these open-shell dyes, except for radical-bearing 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]indole (Φ F = 1.9 × 10-4), was below the limit of detection, which corresponded to extremely small oscillator strengths for the D1 → D0 transition. A clear correlation was observed between increasing ionization potentials (decreasing electron-donating strength) and ε values throughout the series of radicals. A diradical in which two tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl scaffolds were bridged with 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole lacked emission, but it had a significantly bathochromically shifted absorption band (λ max abs = 741 nm).
Maternal mortality remains a priority public health issue and a sensitive indicator of healthcare system performance. Clinical simulation has been increasingly adopted as an educational strategy to prepare healthcare personnel for obstetric emergencies. This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic and occupational characteristics of participants in the Código Mater course and to evaluate their satisfaction and perceptions regarding a simulation-based educational strategy. An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted at the Centro de Simulación para la Excelencia Clínica y Quirúrgica (CeSiECQ), a regional simulation center of a public healthcare institution in western Mexico, between May 2022 and December 2025. A total of 577 healthcare professionals participated through non-probability convenience sampling. Sociodemographic and occupational characteristics were analyzed, and participant satisfaction was assessed using an institutional questionnaire consisting of closed-ended and open-ended items. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, and participant comments were examined through inductive thematic analysis. Participants were predominantly young adults aged 22-30 years (n = 494; 85.6%) and female (n = 388; 67.2%). Physicians represented the largest professional group, including operational physicians (n = 321; 55.6%), followed by medical residents (n = 87; 15.1%) and interns or social service trainees (n = 85; 14.7%). Most participants were affiliated with regional general hospitals (n = 204; 35.4%) and general zone hospitals (n = 124; 21.5%). Satisfaction levels were consistently high across all evaluated domains. Qualitative findings identified five major themes: quality of the educational experience, relevance of course content, instructor performance, perceived applicability to clinical practice, and course organization. Participants reported highly favorable perceptions of the Código Mater simulation-based course. Within the scope of Kirkpatrick Level 1 (Reaction), the findings indicate a high level of acceptance of simulation-based training and highlight its perceived relevance and applicability for obstetric emergency education. Further studies incorporating objective educational and clinical outcomes are required to evaluate the broader impact of the program.
Heat stress negatively impacts performance and welfare and occurs when total environmental and metabolic thermal load exceeds an animal's ability to dissipate heat. Access to shade has been associated with reductions in body temperature and respiratory rate in cattle, but previous findings on cattle performance has been inconsistent. This pen-level randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of shade (2.8 m2/head, 100% solar block; n = 12 pens) versus no shade (n = 12 pens) on steer performance following terminal sort at a commercial feedyard in the Pacific Northwest, where animals were housed on roller-compacted concrete floors. Data collected included water consumption, feed delivery, disease events, open mouth breathing (OMB) behavior, and carcass traits. Shade reduced water consumption by 15% (P < 0.05), and pens without shade showed a 6% decrease in feed delivery when the previous day's temperature-humidity index (THI) was ≥ 80 (P < 0.05). Additionally, shade reduced OMB behavior (P = 0.09), the number of culled steers (P < 0.05), and the incidence of dark cutters (P < 0.05). A greater proportion of steers in shaded pens graded choice and prime (93%), compared to those in unshaded pens (91%) (P < 0.05). Inclusion of shade improved animal health, welfare, carcass quality, and environmental stewardship during the summer months in a commercial feedyard setting. Shade should be considered a valuable management tool for mitigating heat stress in finishing cattle.
Food challenges play an important role in the diagnosis and management of food hypersensitivity. Although the gold-standard is the double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge, an open challenge, where the challenge food is known to both the patient and the allergy team, is a practical and effective tool for use in daily clinical practice. A food challenge can help determine the presence or absence of a food allergy if the history and allergy tests are discordant, or if resolution of the allergy is expected. The outcome of a food challenge can result in either confident introduction or re-introduction of foods or provide clarity on which foods or forms of the food need to be avoided. Challenges can be a positive or negative experience for individuals; to maximise the potential for positive impact, food challenges should be overseen by individuals with relevant knowledge, skills and experience, and take place in a suitable clinical area with appropriate access to emergency support and a pathway for admission to an inpatient facility. Challenge foods should be age-specific, in an appropriate form (uncooked, cooked, baked, composite food), and given in incrementally increasing amounts until an age-specific top or cumulative dose has been consumed. The decision to pause or stop a challenge should be based on international guidance and clinician judgement, but also consider an individual's symptom history and their preferences.
Gastrointestinal (GI) metastases from breast cancer are rare and may mimic primary GI malignancies, leading to significant diagnostic challenges. Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) has a distinct metastatic pattern with a higher propensity for spread to the GI tract and peritoneum. We report the case of a 59-year-old female patient with stage IV mixed invasive ductal and lobular breast carcinoma who underwent toilet mastectomy at initial presentation (Month 0), followed by systemic chemotherapy. Follow-up PET-CT performed approximately eight months after surgery revealed a new FDG-avid rectal lesion and diffuse peritoneal carcinomatosis. Colonoscopy performed in Month 9 demonstrated a nearly obstructing rectal mass mimicking primary rectal cancer. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed metastatic breast carcinoma with lobular features. Given the near-obstructing rectal lesion and diffuse peritoneal carcinomatosis, curative resection was not considered appropriate. A palliative diverting loop ileostomy was therefore performed in Month 11 to reduce the risk of impending distal large bowel obstruction and to relieve obstructive symptoms; however, the patient died in Month 13 during oncology follow-up. This case highlights the importance of considering metastatic breast carcinoma in the differential diagnosis of new rectal lesions in patients with a history of breast cancer and emphasizes the role of histopathological and immunohistochemical correlation in avoiding misdiagnosis.
Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) three-dimensional (3D) printing offers a flexible and economical method for producing radiotherapy phantoms with tailored geometries and material properties. While numerous studies have focused on imaging or photon radiotherapy, research on 3D printing for proton and light ion beam therapy remains limited. Accurate knowledge of the radiological properties of FDM-printed materials is crucial to ensure reliable dose calculation and treatment planning in ion beam therapy. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify publications reporting relevant radiological parameters, including mass density, computed tomography (CT) number given in Hounsfield units (HU), electron density, and stopping power, for FDM printing filaments. Based on the collected data, an FDM lookup table was generated, summarising the radiological properties of these materials across different printing settings. A total of 17 material classes comprising 70 distinct filaments were analysed and indexed in an open-access lookup table. Polylactic acid (PLA) was the most frequently investigated material, reported in over 34 publications. Among the investigated radiological parameters, the CT number showed the greatest variability for a given material. For samples printed at 100% infill, values ranged from -180 HU to 227 HU for PLA. Recommendations for reducing this variability through standardised reporting are provided. This review provides an overview of FDM 3D printing materials in ion beam therapy. It serves as a practical reference for clinical personnel, medical physicists, and researchers in selecting suitable materials for radiotherapy applications. Moreover, it highlights the need for standardised characterisation methodologies and 3D printing guidelines.
Since 1975, the Ibadan Dental School has been setting the pace in global dental practice. Hence, a continuous evaluation of the clinical training is indispensable to maintain this excellence. This study evaluates the perspectives of clinical students and graduates on the standard of clinical training provided at the Ibadan Dental School. A mixed-methods survey was conducted among clinical dental students and recent graduates of the University of Ibadan via Google Forms. Obtained data were analysed on SPSS version 28.0 and thematic analysis done for the open-ended responses. Mean perception scores were calculated across five evaluation domains. Bar charts visualised the mean scores and frequency of challenges. Sixty responses were received from the 100 invited participants. Most of the respondents (58.3%) were Males and within the age 24-26 years (63.3%). Majority (56.7%) of the respondents were in final year. On the perceived standard of clinical training by discipline, Oral Pathology achieved the highest overall mean perception score (4.0) while Community Dentistry had the lowest (3.21). The identified strengths of the training include high clinical exposure, patient diversity, faculty expertise and simulation opportunities while limited access to modern equipment, inadequate handson experience, and overcrowded clinics are the major barriers. Respondents recommended an increase in dental clinical rotation period, upgrade of equipment, reduction in number of students within rotations, and curriculum review for more effective training. Though Ibadan Dental School is a leading dental institution in Nigeria, strategic improvement in infrastructure, clinical exposure, and curriculum review are crucial for excellence.
As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly integrated into educational contexts, understanding how learners engage with AI-generated feedback is critical. Although prior research has examined the effectiveness of automated writing evaluation, less attention has been given to the cognitive and affective processes through which learners interpret and respond to such feedback. This study employed a constructivist grounded theory approach to investigate how Chinese undergraduate EFL learners engaged with AI-supported feedback during L2 writing revision. Participants were 24 English-major undergraduates at a public university in China. Data were generated through six semi-structured small-group interviews and analyzed through iterative open, axial, and selective coding. The analysis identified three interrelated domains-cognitive engagement, contextual evaluation, and affective regulation-which were integrated into an interpretive cognitive-affective dual-path model. When feedback was perceived as transparent, manageable, meaning-preserving, and aligned with task demands, learners demonstrated stronger cognitive engagement, greater willingness to experiment with complex structures, and sustained motivation. In contrast, feedback perceived as opaque, overly evaluative, or misaligned with learner expectations was associated with negative affect, selective uptake, risk avoidance, and strategic simplification. Learner evaluative filtering appeared to shape how noticing developed into revision action. These findings provide a process-oriented account of learner engagement in AI-supported writing environments and suggest that the influence of AI-generated feedback is filtered through learners' evaluative judgement, contextual appraisal, and affective regulation.
Integrating robotics with neuronavigation and tubular dilation enables minimally invasive posterior stabilization and tumor resection. A 40-year-old woman presented with diffuse spinal metastases with spinal cord compression. This surgical video demonstrates the authors' entire minimally invasive workflow for robot-assisted percutaneous pedicle screw placement, arthrodesis, and navigated tubular resection. The authors review their institutional experience with 14 cases using this workflow. The advantages of this approach include the high accuracy of pedicle screw placement, minimal blood loss, and expedited time to postoperative chemoradiation therapy compared to traditional open, nonrobotic approaches. The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2026.4.FOCVID25225.
Anti-perovskite materials have recently gained special importance for environmentally friendly, lead-free, and low-cost renewable energy technologies. In this study, the structural, electronic, dynamic, thermodynamic, mechanical, optical, and photovoltaic properties of Cs3SCl anti-perovskite are analyzed in detail by density functional theory (DFT) and an SCAPS-1D simulator. The results show that Cs3SCl is thermodynamically, dynamically, and mechanically stable, with a ductile nature due to its B/G ratio of 2.03. The electronic band structure analysis identified the compound as a direct bandgap semiconductor, with bandgaps of 1.185 eV and 2.051 eV obtained by GGA-PBE and HSE06 methods, respectively. This suitable bandgap is highly favorable for visible light absorption. Optical analysis shows that Cs3SCl exhibits high absorption coefficients of about (2.6-0.2) × 105 cm-1 in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions. In addition, its favorable refraction, low reflectivity, and excellent dielectric properties further strengthen its potential for solar energy harvesting, charge-carrier generation, and optoelectronic applications. A fully lead-free Al/FTO/SnS2/Cs3SCl/HTL/Se solar cell was designed and optimized to evaluate the photovoltaic potential of the material. After systematic optimization of the hole transport layer (HTL), back-contact metal, device temperature, absorber layer thickness, defect density, and shallow acceptor density, the Cu2Te-based device exhibited the highest performance. At a 0.750 µm absorber layer thickness, 1 × 1015 cm-3 defect density, and 1 × 1017 cm-3 shallow acceptor density, the device achieves an open-circuit voltage of 0.752 V, a short-circuit current density of 39.23 mA cm-2, a fill factor of 84.43%, and a power conversion efficiency of 24.92%. Overall, these results indicate that Cs3SCl is a highly promising material for future generations of high-efficiency, environmentally friendly solar cells, visible-light-dependent photocatalytic technologies, and advanced optoelectronic devices.