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Modified citrus pectin (MCP), a polysaccharide from citrus fruits, modulates galectin-3 (Gal-3) and immune responses. Although MCP exhibits notable immunomodulatory effects, its role in drug-induced splenic and systemic toxicity remains unexplored. This study investigated the effects of MCP modulation on splenic immune remodeling and galectin expression in a rat model of cisplatin-induced toxicity. Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 5 animals/group): control (SHAM), MCP (100 mg/kg/day for 7 days), cisplatin (CIS, 10 mg/kg/day for 3 days), and MCP + CIS. Spleens were collected 6 h after the final cisplatin dose. Cisplatin induced splenic structural disorganization and selectively reduced nitric oxide levels without broadly affecting antioxidant enzymes. Cisplatin treatment was associated with increased CD3⁺ T cell labeling and enhanced tissue expression of Gal-1, -3, and - 9. MCP administration did not restore splenic architecture but promoted increased hemosiderin deposition in the red pulp, suggestive of enhanced erythrophagocytosis and altered iron handling, and markedly reduced CD3⁺ T cell immunoreactivity. MCP associated with cisplatin also reduced Gal-1 and Gal-3 levels and altered the relationship between galectins and splenic immune cell populations. Correlation analyses revealed positive associations between Gal-1, -3, and - 9 and CD68⁺ macrophages, as well as a selective association between Gal-3 and CD3⁺ T cells, exclusively in MCP + CIS animals. MCP does not mitigate cisplatin-induced splenic damage but alters immune cell distribution and galectin-related responses during cisplatin exposure.

The urgent need for new molecules capable of targeting multidrug-resistant microorganisms has redirected bioprospecting efforts toward less explored marine environments and their associated communities, such as marine mycobiota. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of endophytic fungi isolated from various seaweed species and infer the mechanisms of action and chemical profile of most potent fungal extracts. Simultaneously, it intended to contribute to a better understanding of ecological requirements of each fungal species. Thirty-one ascomycetous fungi were recovered from the seaweed hosts, with a higher representation of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. Only two fungal species revealed notable antimicrobial abilities: Penicillium rubens synthesised extracts with pronounced antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, while extracts of Penicillium brevicompactum inhibited the growth of Candida albicans. Although similar activities have been described in a few previous studies, this is the first report of a markedly inhibitory effect against a pathogenic yeast demonstrated by P. brevicompactum. Moreover, the mechanisms of action underlying these activities were explored for the first time in this study. Specifically, the antimicrobial activities demonstrated by fungal extracts were likely mediated by membrane potential imbalance and DNA damage, associated with the presence of L-norvaline and formylphosphonate. Despite the overall consistency of the results, slight to pronounced differences were also observed in the antibacterial activities and mechanisms of action of the extracts from P. rubens strains. These findings support the hypothesis that marine fungal species possess, and express distinct metabolic profiles shaped by micro- and/or macro-environmental factors.

The interdental papillae, constrained within the complex configuration of interproximal embrasures, play a significant role in dental esthetics. The aim of the present study was to evaluate papilla characteristics and gingival exhibit in the interdental smile line (ISL) and the gingival smile line (GSL) with reference to age and gender. A total of 120 periodontally healthy patients aged 20-60 years were equally divided into 4 groups: group I - male patients aged 20-40 years; group II - female patients aged 20-40 years; group III - male patients aged 41-60 years; and group IV - female patients aged 41-60 years. The maxillary anterior teeth and the corresponding gingival tissues were evaluated for papilla height (PH), gingival thickness (GT), gingival exhibit in ISL (visible interdental papillae on smiling - VIG) and GSL (visible midfacial gingiva on smiling - VMG), and the papilla presence index (PPI) scores through both clinical examination and digital photographic analysis. The overall mean values of PH, VIG and VMG were higher in groups II and IV, whereas GT showed lower values in these groups. The VIG values for groups I and II were 1.87 ±1.83 mm and 3.47 ±1.88 mm, respectively, while groups III and IV demonstrated values of 1.05 ±1.70 mm and 2.73 ±2.40 mm, respectively. Age-based comparisons revealed reduced values for all evaluated parameters in the older age groups. The PPI scores demonstrated a predominance of PPI-1 in groups I, II and III, whereas group IV predominantly exhibited PPI-2 scores. Regarding the smile line characteristics, a low GSL (LGSL) was predominantly observed across all groups irrespective of gender, while a low ISL (LISL) was more common in groups I and III, and a high ISL (HISL) predominated in groups II and IV. Gender-related variability was evident in the parameters of PH, VIG and VMG, which demonstrated considerably higher mean values in groups II and IV (females), whereas GT exhibited lower values in these groups. Age-related changes were observed in PH, VIG, VMG, and GT, with a notable reduction in the mean values among the older age groups.

The effects of dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on broiler duck growth performance and the quality of dry-cured products were investigated. Ten days preslaughter with the supplementation of 2 mL/d CLA was more economical and effective. This feeding protocol did not affect growth performance, with CLA accumulation amounting to 3.61 g/100 g. Histopathological observation of tissue morphology revealed that CLA alleviated intestinal damage with no adverse morphological changes in the heart, spleen, liver, or pancreas. Gut microbiota analysis demonstrated that the beneficial Megamonas increased and the pathogenic Streptococcus and Escherichia-Shigella reduced with the supplementation of CLA. Processing broiler ducks into dry-cured products resulted in no significant change in the CLA content. Additionally, CLA had no notable influence on the lipid oxidation or shelf life of dry-cured ducks. These findings indicate that dietary CLA does not impair dry-cured duck quality, supporting the development of functional CLA-enriched meat products.

To characterize the clinical and genetic profiles of patients with hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and report novel mutations. This retrospective study included 55 patients (25 males, 30 females; median age 9 years) with HS admitted between 2016 and 2023. Clinical and laboratory data were analyzed. Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed to detect pathogenic mutations. Comparisons were made using Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. Anemia was present in 53 patients, including 31 with moderate-to-severe anemia; 40 exhibited splenomegaly or gallstones. A total of 60 variants were identified, of which 46 (76.7%) were novel. The most frequently involved genes were ANK1 (28, 50.9%), SPTB (17, 30.9%), SLC4A1 (10, 18.2%), and SPTA1 (2, 3.6%). Patients aged&#x2009;&#x2264;&#x2009;3 years (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;23) showed significantly lower red blood cell counts, hemoglobin levels, and absolute reticulocyte counts than those aged&#x2009;>&#x2009;3 years (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;32) (all P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05), whereas no significant phenotypic differences were observed across mutation types. Younger patients with HS exhibited more severe anemia. ANK1 and SPTB were the predominant pathogenic genes, with no notable phenotypic differences between these two genotypes. The identification of 46 novel mutations expands the mutational spectrum of HS.

Ambient artificial intelligence (AI) scribes for chart documentation have seen rapid adoption in clinical practice, but their educational impact on medical students has not been described. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of an AI scribe on pre-clerkship medical student note writing. In this prospective non-randomized pre/post design study, all first-year medical students (n=104) at a single U.S. medical school submitted "human-only" notes based on a summative observed structured clinical examination (OSCE) station in May 2025. An AI scribe generated independent AI notes post-OSCE from recorded audio. A sub-group of students (n=47) consented to complete a second "hybrid" note by revisiting their human-only note and incorporating AI notes as perceived necessary, followed by a brief survey about the AI notes. Trained, blinded fourth-year medical student raters were randomly assigned to score all notes on 10 elements using QNOTE acceptability criteria (0=Unacceptable, 50=Partially, 100=Fully). A post-hoc, exploratory element-level review was then conducted. Across all elements, median evaluation scores of human-only notes were high (range 81.3 - 100) and were similar between students who participated in "hybrid" notes and those who did not. In paired analyses between "human-only" and "hybrid" notes, the only notable element-level change was a decline in Chief Complaint scores (P=.05). Symptom duration was omitted in the Chief Complaint section in 8 of 47 (17%) AI notes. No score differences were observed in QNOTE elements requiring documentation of pertinent findings and prioritized lists. Participants agreed that the AI note "was more concise than my note" (37/47, 79%) and would be "helpful as a first draft" (31/47, 66%); 26 out of 47 (55%) agreed that the AI note "left out important details", and 10 out of 47 (21%) agreed that the AI note "may reduce my ability to learn how to write a good note." Interaction with AI notes among pre-clerkship medical students had little impact on quality of "hybrid" notes. Chief Complaint scores likely declined due to conciseness in AI notes that often omitted symptom duration. Our findings suggest that among students who predominantly write close to fully acceptable "human-only" notes, there was no detriment to clinical reasoning, and students were discerning in balancing AI's conciseness and its omissions. The lack of impact on note quality may have been due to the workflow employed in this study, in which students were required to generate independent judgments before exposure to AI-generated content. Future work must explore longitudinal use of such tools using standard workflows seen in clinical settings, where AI notes serve as true first drafts. Especially for lower-performing students, AI scribes could enhance students' own note writing, though educational safeguards are necessary given the potential for harm due to overreliance on automated systems. The study was granted approval by the Yale School of Medicine Committee to Review Student Participation in Research on January 14, 2025, and an exemption from full review due to the minimal-risk educational nature of the project by the Yale Human Research Protection Program on January 23, 2025 (IRB Protocol ID 2000039478).

Planktonic microbial communities are essential for sustaining the cycling of materials and the flow of energy. However, little research has examined how planktonic bacteria and fungi in the Danjiangkou Reservoir (DJKR) are distributed and function across different seasons. The findings indicated that the DJKR maintained generally favourable water quality. Seasonal changes have a more pronounced effect on fungal diversity than on bacterial diversity, resulting in a significant decrease in fungal diversity. Among bacterioplankton, the dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes, while Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, Mucoromycota and Chytridiomycota accounted for 81.22% of the total fungi, being the dominant fungal groups. According to the KEGG annotation, the most active functions in bacteria and fungi were amino acid metabolism and translation, respectively. Seasonal shifts exerted a notable effect on the abundance of genes participating in nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. Total nitrogen (TN), pH, total phosphorus (TP) and water temperature (WT) were identified by redundancy analysis (RDA) as the key environmental factors influencing the community structure of bacteria and fungi. Stochastic processes exerted a predominant influence on the assembly dynamics of planktonic bacterial and fungal communities. This study offers a scientific foundation for protecting water resources at the DJKR.

A full set of ICRP mesh-type reference computational phantoms (MRCPs), including adult, paediatric, and pregnant-female phantoms, is under development to produce dose coefficients for the next General Recommendations. The MRCPs are high-fidelity human models for radiation protection dosimetry, including all the source and target regions for effective dose calculations. The phantoms include micron-thick stem cell layers in the respiratory and alimentary tract organs, urinary bladder, and skin. The phantoms also include very detailed eye models and skeletal models. The MRCPs are developed in the fourth-generation phantom geometry, i.e. tetrahedron mesh geometry. This geometry, classified as an unstructured volume mesh, provides several key advantages. Firstly, it allows the phantoms to be directly incorporated into various Monte Carlo codes, such as Geant4, MCNP6, PHITS, and EGSnrc, without the need for voxelisation. This preserves the original high fidelity of the mesh phantoms during dose calculations, ensuring the most accurate results. The tetrahedron mesh geometry is volume representation, not surface or boundary representation, and provides the capability of suborgan/structure density variation modelling using the tetrahedra. A notable aspect of the mesh technology is its flexibility, allowing the phantoms to be easily adjusted for different body shapes and postures as required. In this article, the deformability of the MRCPs will be highlighted by reporting that the MRCPs were deformed into a library of 212 phantoms for adults and 637 phantoms for adolescents and children to represent different body sizes and shapes. It will also be reported that the phantoms were deformed into several different postures.

People with Borderline Personality Disorder (PBPD) have been historically excluded from Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) teams. The 'gold standard' ACT service model in community psychiatry aims to serve people with serious mental illness (SMI), typically diagnosed with psychotic and mood disorders. For various clinical, administrative, and model innovation reasons, PBPD are notably present on ACT teams, presenting unique clinical challenges; yet clinician perspectives and experiences are little known.&#xa0;Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis on experiences and perspectives of clinicians from a well-established ACT team in an academic setting that transitioned to a Flexible ACT team in Toronto, Canada.&#xa0;Clinicians reported working with PBPD presents unique training, skills, clinical, team, system, and personal level challenges Five main themes included: (1) Lack of specific training among clinicians in serving people with BPD; (2) Diverse views of suitability of ACT for PBPD; (3) Specific challenges for clinicians working with PBPD on ACT; (4) Positive aspects of using ACT to serve PBPD; (5) Potential adaptive changes to ACT teams working with PBPD. Conclusion: Having PBPD on ACT teams is a little acknowledged and less known area of ACT and has significant impact on ACT services. Further attention to training and skill building, service adaptation, and research that improve care and therapeutic relationships with PBPD on ACT are warranted. Having PBPD on ACT teams is a little acknowledged and less known area of ACT and has significant impact on ACT services. Further attention to training and skill building, service adaptation, and research that improve care and therapeutic relationships with PBPD on ACT are warranted.

Human T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1) facilitates infection of re-emerging viruses, including alphaviruses, through its phosphatidylserine (PS) binding domain. Although alphaviruses are transmitted to humans via mosquito bite, it is unclear whether mosquito-derived viruses also use TIM-1 to infect human cells. Since viruses acquire their PS-containing envelope from the host cell and insect cell membranes differ in lipid composition from mammalian membranes, we here investigate the role of TIM-1 at the mosquito-mammalian interface. We show that TIM-1 promotes infection with mosquito cell-derived, replication-competent alphaviruses, including Chikungunya virus, O'nyong'nyong virus (ONNV), and Sindbis virus. The TIM-1 PS-binding domain is essential for enhancing mosquito cell-derived ONNV infection as shown by TIM-1 mutagenesis. According to untargeted lipidomics, mosquito cell-derived ONNV virions contain higher levels of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and PS compared to mammalian cell-derived ONNV. Notably, TIM-1 engages PE as well as PS, as demonstrated by liposome competition. PS decarboxylase experiments suggest that PS is an important mediator of mosquito-cell derived ONNV entry into mammalian cells. Taken together, our data show that TIM-1 promotes mosquito cell-derived alphavirus infection of mammalian cells. This work provides implications for the understanding of the TIM-1 ligand repertoire and advances our understanding of arbovirus transmission at the mosquito-mammalian interface.

Immature PIT-1 lineage tumors are classified as high-risk pituitary adenomas/pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) under the 2022 WHO Classification, yet clinical outcome data remain scarce. This study aimed to characterize clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes of this rare entity. We retrospectively analyzed 13 patients with pathologically confirmed immature PIT-1 lineage tumors who underwent surgery at our tertiary center between January 2022 and December 2024. Diagnoses were established according to WHO 2022 criteria using comprehensive transcription factor (TF) immunohistochemistry. Clinical, radiological, histopathological, treatment, and follow-up data were evaluated. Immature PIT-1 lineage tumors accounted for 4% (21/525) of surgically treated pituitary adenomas, of whom 13 with complete follow-up data constituted the primary analysis cohort. Median age was 37 years (range: 25-73), with female predominance (61.5%). Notably, 61.5% presented with hormonal hypersecretion: acromegaly (38.5%), TSH-secreting tumors (15.4%), and GH-PRL co-secretion (7.7%). All patients had macroadenomas (median diameter 28&#xa0;mm (range: 15-59&#xa0;mm)); 38.5% demonstrated cavernous sinus invasion (Knosp grades 3-4). Immunohistochemically defined plurihormonal phenotype was present in 77% of cases; cytologic atypia was identified in all cases. Despite maximal surgical resection, residual disease persisted in 46% and 31% required reoperation at 16-month follow-up (range: 4-51 months). The median Ki-67 proliferation index was 4% (IQR: 2-10%; range: 1-35%), and the median mitotic count was 4 per 2&#xa0;mm&#xb2; (IQR: 1-8; range: 1-20). Immature PIT-1 lineage tumors exhibit aggressive behavior with high residual disease rates, with 31% of patients requiring reoperation, 23% receiving adjuvant radiotherapy, and somatostatin analogue resistance observed in two patients. Routine TF immunohistochemistry is essential for accurate diagnosis; management requires maximal safe surgical resection and intensive long-term surveillance.

Bone homeostasis is maintained by a dynamic balance between bone formation and resorption. Here, we link lipid metabolism to osteoclast differentiation by identifying stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) as a key regulatory factor. Notably, SCD1 expression was significantly upregulated during osteoclast differentiation, and knockdown of SCD1 or inhibiting its activity with A939572 significantly impaired osteoclast formation. Integrating RNA sequencing and metabolomics, we revealed that SCD1 inhibition altered arachidonic acid metabolism and influenced mitochondrial homeostasis. Mechanistically, A939572 upregulated COX1 and HPGDS expression, leading to the accumulation of Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), which in turn suppressed osteoclast differentiation. Finally, we engineered a biomimetic nanovesicle (POCM-NP@A939572) coated with preosteoclast membrane for targeted delivery. In&#xa0;vivo, POCM-NP@A939572 exhibited superior efficacy in preventing bone loss compared to A939572 alone. Collectively, this study demonstrates the SCD1-COX1-PGD2 axis as a therapeutic target and demonstrates the value of targeted nanomedicine in managing bone diseases.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) nosocomial pathogens represent a critical global health challenge, necessitating the development of novel multitarget antibacterial agents. In this study, a new series of aryl-urea derivatives incorporating uracil and perfluorophenyl moieties were synthesized and structurally characterized using NMR, IR, and elemental analyses. Among the synthesized compounds, perfluorophenyl-based derivatives (compounds 4 and 5) exhibited potent antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, with low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Mechanistic investigations revealed that these compounds significantly inhibited biofilm formation (>&#x2009;50%), approaching the efficacy of ciprofloxacin, highlighting their strong anti-virulence potential. Notably, both compounds induced a marked increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting oxidative stress-mediated bacterial killing. Furthermore, molecular analyses demonstrated substantial down-regulation of DNA gyrase (gyrA) expression, alongside significant suppression of key virulence genes, including OmpA in A. baumannii and GelE in E. faecalis. Importantly, the integration of oxidative stress induction, DNA topology disruption, and virulence attenuation establishes a coordinated multitarget mechanism underlying the antibacterial efficacy of these compounds. Collectively, this study introduces perfluorophenyl aryl-urea derivatives as promising next-generation antibacterial candidates with dual bactericidal and antivirulence activities, offering a strategic advantage for combating MDR nosocomial infections and warranting further preclinical development.

Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) is a highly heterogeneous condition characterized by the cessation of ovarian function before age 40. While genetic factors play a substantial role, the contribution of structural variants remains incompletely mapped. We conducted a systematic review and in silico genomic re-analysis of published copy number variations (CNVs) in individuals with POI. Following PRISMA guidelines, we aggregated 382 CNVs from 25 studies, standardized genomic coordinates, and filtered variants against population databases. Pathogenicity was re-evaluated using ACMG/ClinGen guidelines, yielding 42 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants and 25 large CNVs (>3.5 Mb). Consistent with previous findings, the X chromosome exhibited the highest CNV burden, emphasizing its central role in structural genomic instability and POI pathogenesis. Beyond canonical POI-associated genes, gene ontology and GTEx expression profiling identified several biologically plausible, highly ovary-expressed candidate genes within disrupted loci-notably ATF3, GAS5, PPP4R1, and PRKAA1. Despite their established roles in cellular stress responses, DNA repair, and meiotic progression, these genes remain absent from most commercial POI diagnostic panels. This comprehensive re-analysis highlights the complex structural genomic landscape of POI and suggests that expanding current clinical testing panels to include these under-recognized genes could improve diagnostic yields for genetically unexplained cases.

Rapid urbanization and industrialization have exacerbated freshwater scarcity while simultaneously increasing wastewater generation, making the safe and judicious reuse of wastewater a viable strategy to address both challenges. The present study aimed to evaluate the seasonal irrigation suitability of the Kala Sanghian drain using integrated (graphical, indexical, statistical and machine learning) approaches. Drain water samples from two seasons (pre- and post-monsoon) were collected and analysed for physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals, and irrigation suitability was evaluated using different indices and machine learning models. The results revealed a notable improvement in the physico-chemical quality of drain water during the post-monsoon season, enhancing its suitability for irrigation. Among the heavy metals analysed, 84.4% and 73.3% of water samples exceeded the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) permissible limit (0.10&#xa0;mg L&#x207b;1) of chromium during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons, respectively. Whereas arsenic and cadmium remained within permissible limits during both seasons. Most samples were classified as excellent to good based on water quality index (WQI) in the post-monsoon season, whereas 73.3% were deemed unsuitable based on heavy metal pollution index (HPI) due to chromium contamination. Principal component analysis and correlation analysis revealed that drain water chemistry is jointly controlled by anthropogenic inputs, geogenic processes, and salinity, with pre-monsoon evaporation and post-monsoon dilution-leaching driving seasonal variations. Comparative evaluation of machine models for irrigation quality prediction showed that the Lasso regression model achieved the highest accuracy (R2 &#x2248; 0.99 with the lowest errors), followed by Ridge and Gradient Boosting, while other models exhibited lower accuracy. Chromium (Cr) was the dominant predictor across all models, whereas most major ions contributed marginally to prediction performance. Although the drain water showed improved post-monsoon irrigation suitability in terms of salinity and conventional indices, persistent chromium contamination poses a serious constraint to safe reuse.

Despite "Treat All" strategies, HIV outbreaks persist among the elderly in rural Southwest China. To identify the core drivers ("Who"), geographic foci ("Where"), and socio-behavioral mechanism ("How") of sustained transmission in the post-"Treat All" era, we triangulated longitudinal genetic networks, phylodynamic and spatial analysis, and behavioral surveys using multi-source 1999-2021 data (N&#x2009;=&#x2009;5,094). Although antiretroviral therapy reduced community-level transmission risk by 21.0%, 107 molecular super-spreaders, predominantly males aged 50-69, were identified across four phases. These individuals exhibited poor treatment retention, with dropout rates reaching 28.2% and 38.5% having unsuppressed or missing viral loads by Phase 4. Notably, 94.4% of super-spreaders resided within 2&#x2005;km of transportation arteries, exceeding 77.9% population baseline. Townships within this buffer exhibited significantly higher cumulative HIV cases independently of population metrics (adjusted Incidence Rate Ratio =1.43, 95% CI: 1.14-1.78). Characterized as infrastructure-anchored "risk hubs", these areas facilitate sustained viral dispersal through a "double-proximity" mechanism. Older men frequent nearby periodic markets along transit corridors for commercial sex, while female sex workers exhibit linear mobility across townships, effectively aligning their service cycles with the temporal rhythm of the periodic markets. Our methodology facilitates targeted node-level testing and interventions, bridging clinical treatment and public health prevention to mitigate aging-driven epidemics in resource-limited regions.

Understanding the migration of metal clusters within amorphous matrices and crystallization dynamics is fundamental to tailoring interface reactions and designing material functionalities. Despite extensive advances in metal-induced crystallization, the atomistic dynamic pathways and microscopic mechanisms of metal long-range diffusion on disordered matter remain elusive. Here, we employ atomic-resolution in situ heating transmission electron microscopy, integrated with density functional theory calculations, to systematically investigate the Au cluster long-range diffusion on amorphous silicon (a-Si) and the simultaneous resulting crystallization mechanism at the atomic scale. Amorphous Au clusters follow Arrhenius-type diffusion kinetics with an activation energy barrier of approximately 0.69 eV, notably without the formation of any intermediate metal silicide. Our dynamic observations reveal two synergistic diffusion modes: linear homogeneous diffusion and nonlinear aggregation-spreading, fundamentally driven by the higher diffusion barrier on the amorphous surface compared to its crystalline counterpart. These results offer atomic-scale evidence for Au surface diffusion and its role in mediating crystallization, thereby providing a pathway for exploring surface diffusion dynamics at amorphous-amorphous/crystalline interfaces.

Smart textiles require advanced sensing capabilities, yet existing sensor-integrated fabrics suffer from poor breathability, brittleness, and thermal vulnerability, restricting large-scale deployment. Herein, inspired by the epidermal bubble-like cell structure of ice plants, we developed an ultra-lightweight Janus fabric, with a polyelectrolyte membrane as the key component-its inherent high stability, excellent ion conductivity, and good compatibility endow the fabric with superior structural flexibility and functional synergy. This design integrates passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) and sensing functions, retaining breathability and directional moisture transport. Notably, the polyelectrolyte membrane-enhanced fabric achieves 9.86&#xb0;C sub-ambient cooling (101&#xa0;W&#xa0;m- 2 net cooling power) under 1 sun intensity, 100% accurate motion monitoring, and stable triboelectric output (10&#xa0;V stable output under 10&#xa0;N constant force), along with exceptional durability (1000 folding cycles), recyclability, and antibacterial activity. Owing to the prominent advantages of structural innovation, excellent performance, and strong practicality, this study can not only be effectively extended to other inorganic particle systems (e.g., SiO2, boron nitride) but also holds broad application prospects in wearable electronic devices, flexible robots, and intelligent sensing systems.

Covalently fusing multiple B-N units into redox-active polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) offers a powerful strategy for creating &#x3c0;-extended systems with novel functionalities, but it remains a formidable challenge. Here, we report a facile, one-pot, and lithium-free NH-directed borylation to construct a series of 5,10-dihydro-5,10-diphenylphenazine (DPPA) derivatives fused by two or four B-N covalent bonds. Such a multiple B-N locking is found not only to enforce molecular rigidity and suppress excited-state structural relaxation, but also to profoundly modulate the electronic structure and antiaromaticity of the central DPPA core. Interestingly, the resultant quadruply fused system (4BN-Ph) can function as an unprecedented narrowband orange-red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter, enabling efficient electroluminescence with a record-high external quantum efficiency of 31.2% and a notably small full-width at half-maximum of 32&#xa0;nm at an emissive peak of 595&#xa0;nm. Also, 4BN-Ph displays intriguing redox-controlled properties, since a stepwise oxidation generates near-infrared-absorbing open-shell radical cations and closed-shell dications. This work establishes a modular route to PAHs incorporating multiple B-N covalent bonds, with exceptional optoelectronic and spintronic properties.